Academic literature on the topic 'Positional insecurity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Positional insecurity"
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Helgason, Agnar Freyr, and Vittorio Mérola. "Employment Insecurity, Incumbent Partisanship, and Voting Behavior in Comparative Perspective." Comparative Political Studies 50, no. 11 (December 14, 2016): 1489–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414016679176.
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We argue that occupational unemployment rates, by informing perceptions of economic insecurity, serve as a salient and powerful heuristic for aggregate economic performance. Consequently, high and rising occupational unemployment leads to negative evaluations of the economy and reduces the probability of supporting the incumbent government. Simultaneously, however, such changes shift support toward left-wing parties. Thus, economic insecurity serves as a valence issue, but is also inherently a positional issue, due to the distributional consequences of welfare policies. This brings about a potential conflict as under left-wing incumbent governments the economically insecure are cross-pressured, which increases their likelihood of exiting the electoral arena completely. We test our hypotheses using a Bayesian hierarchical multinomial model, with individual-level data from 43 elections in 21 countries. We find support for the hypothesized effects of employment insecurity on voting behavior, with a follow-up analysis supporting the posited informational mechanism.
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Melegh, Attila, Anna Vancsó, Márton Hunyadi, and Dorottya Mendly. "Positional Insecurity and the Hegemony of Radical Nationalism. Migration and Justice in the Hungarian Media." International Spectator 54, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2019.1641783.
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Bayraktar, Sevi. "Choreographies of Dissent and the Politics of Public Space in State-of-Emergency Turkey." Performance Philosophy 5, no. 1 (November 30, 2019): 90–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21476/pp.2019.51269.
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This article investigates a recent period in which dissenting activism has been shifted in Istanbul under the state of emergency (2016-2018). Based on an ethnography conducted with activists in feminist and LGBTQI+ demonstrations, anti-emergency decree vigils, and the Presidential Referendum protests, the study discusses how activists resist and undermine mobilization of violence through using the hegemonic tools of repression tactically, and choreographically. By employing Hannah Arendt’s concepts of “politics” and “isolation,” I examine that state agencies like the police forcefully disperse protesters and display authority, oppression, and occupation of public spaces by constantly creating an atmosphere of fear and insecurity. In opposition, dissenters practice and rehearse dispersal as a resilient choreography to once again relate each other against the forces of isolation. I suggest the term “tactics of dispersal” to define and analyze how activists depart from the central assembly of the social movement to create smaller, mobile, and ephemeral assemblies. In the city-scale, by scattering themselves in the city of Istanbul and mobilizing peripheries of the urban space, dissenters re-choreograph and subvert a thanatopolitical strategy of dispersal in favor of pluralism under political hardship. In the bodily-scale, activists claim the public sphere through the transience of folk dance. Whenever protesters depart from folk dance collectives to create new ones, they perpetually re-configure the area and initiate novel actions contingent upon their temporal and positional assessments during the dance. Such tactical applications of dispersal characterized by the smaller scale and transitory gatherings with ever-changing combinations of bodies at the peripheral space of urban activism manifest its great potential for collective agency and plural politics.
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Payne-Sturges, Devon C., Allison Tjaden, Kimberly M. Caldeira, Kathryn B. Vincent, and Amelia M. Arria. "Student Hunger on Campus: Food Insecurity Among College Students and Implications for Academic Institutions." American Journal of Health Promotion 32, no. 2 (July 12, 2017): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117117719620.
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Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of food insecurity among students at a large mid-Atlantic publicly funded university; examine the association between food insecurity, demographic characteristics, potential financial risk factors, and self-reported physical and mental health and academic performance; and identify possible risk factors for food insecurity. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Large, public mid-Atlantic university. Participants: Two hundred thirty-seven undergraduate students. Measures: US Department of Agriculture (USDA) 18-item Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) and questions on demographics, student status, economic factors, housing stability, living arrangements, academic performance, and self-rated physical health and depression symptoms. Analysis: Multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Among students surveyed, 15% were food insecure; an additional 16% were at risk of food insecurity. Students who were African American, other race/ethnicity, receiving multiple forms of financial aid, or experiencing housing problems were more likely to be food insecure or at the risk of food insecurity (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 4.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.83-8.71, P value < .0001; AOR = 5.26, 95% CI = 1.85-14.98, P value = .002; AOR = 3.43, 95% CI = 1.85-6.37, P value <.001; AOR = 8.00, 95% CI = 3.57-17.93, P value < .0001, respectively). Food secure students were less likely to report depression symptoms than at-risk or food insecure students. Conclusion: Food insecurity among college students is an important public health concern that might have implications for academic performance, retention, and graduation rates. Universities that measure food insecurity among their students will be better positioned to advocate for policy changes at state and federal levels regarding college affordability and student financial assistance.
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Behravan, Hossein. "Wives’ Positions and the Relationship between Coping and Insecurity Feeling." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences: Annual Review 5, no. 2 (2010): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1833-1882/cgp/v05i02/51587.
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Karpova, Galina G., Anastasiya S. Ubogova, and Anna A. Fedoseeva. "Social insecurity of freelance workers: objective position and subjective perception." Inter 11, no. 19 (2019): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/inter.2019.19.4.
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This article is devoted to the social vulnerability of freelance workers and the way it is represented in different dimensions of precariousness. According to the previous studies, we identifed the categories of social insurance (fnancial, juridical, lack of social guaranteesand lack of personal well-being) and the most common indicators within each. We conducted a qualitative research using in-depth semi-formal interviews with 21 employees older than 18 years, who are engaged in freelancing at the moment or had such experience in the last couple of years. The number of informants included employees for whom freelance is one of the main sources of income for at least one year. During the interview, the informants were speaking about the subjective assessment of social precariousness and also answered to some questions aimed at identifying the objective features of the precious situation in employment status. In the analysis of subjective assessments of social precariousness, it was revealed that informants cannot be divided into categories according to the degree of precariousness, because they can experience social vulnerability in one or several areas at the same time. According to the results of the study, we propose to consider precariousness as a certain scale from 0 to the maximum value of the insecurity parameters. This approach will take into account the importance of subjective assessment of freelancers’ position, while the dichotomy “precariat — free agent”, which is mostly shared by researchers, does not consider the complexity of this social phenomenon.
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Bruce, Janine S., Monica M. De La Cruz, Gala Moreno, and Lisa J. Chamberlain. "Lunch at the library: examination of a community-based approach to addressing summer food insecurity." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 9 (March 20, 2017): 1640–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017000258.
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AbstractObjectiveTo examine a library-based approach to addressing food insecurity through a child and adult summer meal programme. The study examines: (i) risk of household food insecurity among participants; (ii) perspectives on the library meal programme; and (iii) barriers to utilizing other community food resources.DesignQuantitative surveys with adult participants and qualitative semi-structured interviews with a sub-sample of adult participants.SettingTen libraries using public and private funding to serve meals to children and adults for six to eight weeks in low-income Silicon Valley communities (California, USA) during summer 2015.SubjectsAdult survey participants (≥18 years) were recruited to obtain maximum capture, while a sub-sample of interview participants was recruited through maximum variation purposeful sampling.ResultsSurvey participants (n161) were largely Latino (71 %) and Asian (23 %). Forty-one per cent of participants screened positive for risk of food insecurity in the past 12 months. A sub-sample of programme participants engaged in qualitative interviews (n67). Interviewees reported appreciating the library’s child enrichment programmes, resources, and open and welcoming atmosphere. Provision of adult meals was described as building community among library patrons, neighbours and staff. Participants emphasized lack of awareness, misinformation about programmes, structural barriers (i.e. transportation), immigration fears and stigma as barriers to utilizing community food resources.ConclusionsFood insecurity remains high in our study population. Public libraries are ideal locations for community-based meal programmes due to their welcoming and stigma-free environment. Libraries are well positioned to link individuals to other social services given their reputation as trusted community organizations.
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Holben, David. "Position of the American Dietetic Association: Food Insecurity in the United States." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 110, no. 9 (September 2010): 1368–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2010.07.015.
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Juckett, Lisa, and Monica Robinson. "The Occupational Therapy Approach to Addressing Food Insecurity among Older Adults with Chronic Disease." Geriatrics 4, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics4010022.
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The older adult population is one of the fastest growing age groups in the United States. Various components influence productive aging, and current research has identified nutrition and healthy eating as key factors that impact older adults’ overall health status. While consumption of nutritious meals can help minimize the risk of health decline, the growing rate of food insecurity inhibits older adults’ abilities to access healthy food regularly. Additionally, the high prevalence of chronic disease and disability in older adults can also limit independent participation in food-related activities, such as shopping, self-feeding, and meal preparation. A lack of food access and difficulties engaging in food-related activities place older adults with chronic disease at an increased risk of malnutrition, disability, and losing independence, thereby threatening social participation, healthy aging, and quality of life. Due to their expertise in promoting health and independent living, occupational therapy practitioners may be uniquely positioned to enhance older adults’ healthy eating behaviors through the use of client-centered interventions tailored to food-related activities. This position paper reviews the scope of the occupational therapy profession, the consequences of food insecurity among older adults with chronic conditions, and strategies to enhance food-related activity participation in later life.
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Holben, David H., and Michelle Berger Marshall. "Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Food Insecurity in the United States." Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 117, no. 12 (December 2017): 1991–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2017.09.027.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Positional insecurity"
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Mohebbinia, Ladan. "Antecedents of Leader Empowering Behaviour : a Leader Self-Concept Perspective." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18498.
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L’intérêt quant à l'habilitation des employés persiste étant donné les nombreux avantages associés à un personnel habilité. Les recherches empiriques démontrent que les employés psychologiquement habilités sont plus performants (Ahearne et al., 2005), s'engagent à des comportements extra- roles (Den Hartog & De Hoogh, 2009; Raub & Robert, 2010), sont plus satisfaits (Vecchio et al., 2010), sont plus intrinsèquement motivés (Chen et al., 2011; Zhang & Bartol, 2010), et sont plus engagés envers leur travail (Hassan et al., 2012; Konczak et al., 2000; Mare, 2007; Tuckey et al., 2012).
Malgré les résultats positifs de l’habilitation des employés, les interventions ne parviennent pas à atteindre les résultats attendus. De plus, rares sont les recherches qui examinent l’habilitation du point de vue des leaders. Donc, employant la perspective des leaders, cette étude tente de combler cette lacune en élucidant les facteurs qui contribuent à mieux comprendre pourquoi certains dirigeants habilitent les employés tandis que d’autres ne le font pas.
À cette fin, les facteurs relationnels et de personnalité des leaders, ainsi que contextuels au travail et leur relation avec les practiques d’habilitation ont été examinés sur un échantillon de dirigeants au sein de sept ministères gouvernementales d'une province canadienne. Il a été constaté que plus le leader se définit par un concept de soi inclusive dans ses relations au travail, plus il/elle a tendance à habiliter ses subordonnés. Les attributs de personnalité, soit de l'honnêteté-humilité (positivement), d’identité morale (positivement) et le désir de dominer (négativement) ont également servi à prédire le comportement d'habilitation du leader. L'insécurité positionnelle s’est avéré prévoir négativement les comportements d’habilitation des leaders.
En outre, il a été constaté que les dirigeants avec un sens de pouvoir plus élevé sont plus susceptibles d’habiliter leurs employés, contrairement à ce que prédit la littérature sur le pouvoir, perçu comme une force corruptrice (Kipnis, 1972; Maner & Mead, 2007). À l'inverse aux attentes, le trait d’implication de la culture organisationnelle s'est avéré non lié au comportement d’habilitation des leaders. Cette constatation correspond aux recherches sur le pouvoir et sa suppression des influences contextuels en faveur des traits internes du leader (Galinsky et al., 2003). En effet, le sentiment de puissance et le concept de soi collectif sont apparus comme les deux variables étudiés les plus importantes pour prédire le comportement d’habilitation des leaders.
Cette étude a des implications considérables pour le domaine du leadership. Pour une main d’oeuvre plus habilitée, il est recommandé que les programmes de leadership tentent à développer un concept de soi plus inclusive chez leurs leaders, pour ensuite leur céder accès au pouvoir.Interest in employee empowerment persists given the wide range of positive individual and organizational outcomes associated with an empowered workforce. Psychologically empowered employees perform better (Ahearne et al., 2005), undertake extra-role behaviour (Den Hartog & De Hoogh, 2009; Raub & Robert, 2010), are more satisfied (Vecchio et al., 2010), are more intrinsically motivated (Chen et al., 2011; Zhang & Bartol, 2010), are more committed (Hassan et al., 2012; Konczak et al., 2000; Mare, 2007), and are more engaged (Tuckey et al., 2012). Despite these positive outcomes communicated to leaders, interventions fail to reach the expected results. Yet, existing research rarely examine empowerment from the view of the leader. This study attempts to fill this gap by elucidating on factors that contribute to our understanding of why certain leaders empower whereas others don’t. To that end, relational, personality and situational variables and their relationship with leader empowering behaviour were examined on a sample of leaders within seven ministries of a Canadian provincial government. It was found that the more inclusive the leader self-defines in his/her relationships at work, the more likely he/she is to empower subordinates. The personality attributes of honesty-humility (positively), moral identity (positively), and desire for dominance (negatively) were also found to be associated to leader empowering behaviour. Positional insecurity was found to negatively predict leader empowering behaviour. Furthermore, results reveal that leaders with a higher sense of power are more likely to empower, in divergence with the literature on power as a corrupting force (Kipnis, 1972; Maner & Mead, 2007). Also, contrary to expectation, the involvement trait of organizational culture was found to be unrelated to leader empowering behaviour. This finding is consistent with the research on power and it’s suppressing of contextual influences in favour of more internal traits to the leader (Galinsky et al., 2003). Leader sense of power and collective self-concept emerged as the two most important variables predicting leader empowering behaviour. This study has significant implications for the field of leadership. For a more empowering organization, it is recommended that leadership programs work to develop a more inclusive self-concept in their leaders, following which, they can be entrusted with more power.
Books on the topic "Positional insecurity"
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Cabrelli, David. 13. Part-Time and Fixed-Term Work. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198813149.003.0013.
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This chapter examines the policies that have been adopted to strike a balance between the twin objectives of labour market flexibility and enhanced job quality in the context of the regulation of part-time work and fixed-term work. It discusses the benefits and drawbacks of part-time and fixed-term working: for workers the flexibility which accompanies such positions can enable them to secure working hours that are tailored around their domestic and social responsibilities; however, such work often comes at a cost in terms of low pay, low status, and insecurity. These working patterns are attractive to employers as they generate cost efficiencies. The chapter evaluates the equal treatment regimes contained in the Part-Time Workers Regulations and the Fixed-Term Employees Regulations. In so doing, it addresses the Framework Agreement and Directive on Part-time Work and the Agreement on Fixed-term Work and the Fixed-term Work Directive.
Book chapters on the topic "Positional insecurity"
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Melegh, Attila, Anna Vancsó, Dorottya Mendly, and Márton Hunyadi. "Positional Insecurity and the Hungarian Migration Policy." In The European Union in International Affairs, 173–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53997-9_7.
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Nnamani, C. V., D. B. Adewale, H. O. Oselebe, and C. J. Atkinson. "African Yam Bean the Choice for Climate Change Resilience: Need for Conservation and Policy." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 453–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_203.
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AbstractGlobal warming has emerged as a major challenge to development and human wellbeing in Sub-Saharan Africa in general and Nigeria in particular. Periodic incidents show that this challenge will continue and increase in impact on all aspects of natural resources – agriculture, ecosystems services, biodiversity depletion, environmental degradation and human health. Recognizing the enormous potential of underutilized plant genetic resources (PGRs) is crucial as sources of solutions to a number of these threatening challenges emanating from climate change (food and nutrition insecurity, genetic erosion, loss of agro-biodiversity, green job growth and income generation) cannot be over-emphasized. Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. ex. A. Rich) Harms., commonly known as African yam bean (AYB) belonging to the leguminous Fabaceae, is an underutilized PGR with rich portfolio which could serve as vital source of robust adaption and resilient germplasm for vulnerable local communities in Nigeria. Its substantial nutritional, environmental, cultural, social, medicinal, industrial and soil restorative potentials underpins its position as climate – smart species. Enhancing the potentials of African yam bean via robust innovative approaches for wider utilization through accelerated research, farmer seed exchanges, in-situ and ex-situ conservations, farmers selection, and policy programs such as seed sovereignty will accentuate its adaptation and used as resilient climate –smart species for the vulnerable groups in Nigeria to cushion impact of climate change.
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Ojuok, Irene, and Tharcisse Ndayizigiye. "Women Participation in Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration for Climate Resilience: Laisamis, Marsabit County, Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2755–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_152.
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AbstractDespite the fact that land degradation is both natural and human-induced, it is proven that human activities pose greatest threat and these include unsustainable land management practices such as destruction of natural vegetation, overcultivation, overgrazing, poor land husbandry, and excessive forest conversion. Other than reduced productivity, land degradation also leads to socioeconomic problems such as food insecurity, insufficient water, and regular loss of livestock which exacerbate poverty, conflicts, and gender inequalities that negatively impact mostly women and children especially the rural population. Increased efforts by governments, donors, and partners toward reversing land degradation through community-led, innovative, and effective approaches therefore remain to be crucial today than never before!Farmer-managed natural regeneration (FMNR) is a proven sustainable land management technology to restore degraded wasteland and improve depleted farmland. This approach has been tested across Africa with high success rates. In spite of the huge local, regional, and global efforts plus investments put on promoting FMNR across different landscapes among vulnerable communities for climate resilience, the implementation of such projects has not been as successful as intended due to slow women uptake and participation in the approach. In order of ensuring women who are mostly at highest risk to impacts of climate change enjoy the multiple benefits that come along with FMNR, the success rate for uptake of FMNR especially among women need to be enhanced.This chapter seeks to explore drivers and barriers of women participation in uptake of FMNR for climate resilience. Findings will be shared from a 3-year project dubbed Integrated Management of Natural Resources for Resilience in ASALs and a Food and Nutrition project both in Laisamis, Marsabit County, Kenya. The program interventions on natural resource management for livelihoods seek to integrate gender and conflict prevention and prioritize sustainable, market-based solutions to address the persistent challenges. The chapter discusses findings, successes, and lessons learned from the actions and the requirement to position women as vulnerable groups at the center of initiatives designed to address the climate change crisis. The outcome of this chapter will enhance gender-responsive FMNR programing through awareness creation, effective organization/project designs, strategies, and plans together with advocacy and policy influence. Limitations of the study and main recommendations for future programing in similar contexts are also shared.
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Winnicott, Donald W. "Anxiety Associated with Insecurity." In The Collected Works of D. W. Winnicott, 55–58. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190271367.003.0011.
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This essay draws together some of Winnicott’s conclusions about good infant care. For him, the capacity for a one-body relationship follows that of a two-body relationship, through the introjection of the object (mother) in the earliest stages. He believes that unlike the Kleinian position, ‘good-enough’ infant-care can neutralise feelings of external persecution and prevent feelings of disintegration and loss of contact between psyche and soma. Inherent in growth, however, is both pain and anxiety in respect of the various phenomena that arise in early life and how they are lived by the mother and infant together.
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Bell, Ruth, Amina Aitsi-Selmi, and Michael Marmot. "Subordination, Stress, and Obesity." In Insecurity, Inequality, and Obesity in Affluent Societies. British Academy, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264980.003.0006.
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The distribution of obesity in developed countries follows a social gradient. In developing countries, a similar pattern is emerging as national per capita income rises. The epidemiological evidence runs counter to the popular opinion that being overweight and obesity are matters solely of individual lifestyle choices or genetics. Both are important, but in themselves do not explain the social gradient in being overweight and obesity, to understand which, one needs to look at wider social influences. Evidence from studies including the Whitehall Study of British civil servants indicates that psychosocial factors, including stress, as well as material factors associated with position in the social hierarchy, contribute to the distribution of being overweight and obesity, particularly central adiposity, in the population.
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Stein, Michael D., and Sandro Galea. "Food Justice." In Pained, 155–58. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510384.003.0044.
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This chapter highlights food insecurity. One in six people in the United States experiences food insecurity. Food insecurity has dramatic effects on the health of children and the elderly in particular, influencing educational progress, family stress, and nutritional deficiencies. Yet, as millions of Americans remain food insecure, they throw away 40% of their food every day. The largest source of this waste is the food people buy and bring home; 70% of all food discarded in people’s homes is edible. Restaurants are second in waste generation. If people could recover and redistribute one third of the food they waste, they could end food insecurity. Other countries are already moving in this direction; people may be starting to take similar steps in the United States. The 2018 Farm Bill supports food waste reduction plans in 10 states, creates a new Food Loss and Waste Liaison position within the US Department of Agriculture, and, following the European example, promotes the expansion of liability protections for food donations. In the private sector, there has been a rush of money into food waste reduction start-ups. Ultimately, reducing food waste creates economic, environmental, and public health benefits, as well as jobs, climate change deceleration, and hunger relief.
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Nätti, Jouko, and Kristine Nergaard. "Dualisation or normalisation of part-time work in the Nordic countries: work insecurity and mobility over time." In Dualisation of Part-Time Work, 217–42. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447348603.003.0009.
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In this chapter we discuss the development of part-time work in Finland and Norway and ask if there is a trend towards more marginalised part-time work also in the well-regulated Nordic labour markets. Furthermore, we investigate if there are differences between Norway, with its long tradition for normalised part-time jobs among women, and Finland, where full-time work has been the normal choice for women. Part-time jobs are more common among young persons, women, and in the service sectors. In both countries, part-time jobs are more insecure than full-time jobs. However, there is no strong tendency towards more insecure part-time jobs over time. We also examine mobility from part-time jobs to other positions in the labour market. In both countries, part-time work is characterised by high stability. Hence, the results do not give support for increased polarisation in terms of increased work insecurity among part-time employees. in terms of increased work insecurity among part-time employees.
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Cranford, Cynthia J. "Managing Flexibility Without Security in Toronto’s Direct Funding." In Home Care Fault Lines, 59–82. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501749254.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the Direct Funding Program of Ontario's Self-Managed Attendant Services. The evident willingness of self-managers and personal attendants to engage in relational work and the still unmet labor market security of workers were both necessary for self-managers to realize the Direct Funding Program's promise of flexibility. However, within a context of insufficient funding and little to no collective backing, this program produced labor market insecurity for workers, in the form of insufficient hours, earnings, and protection. Moreover, the position of workers in the broader racialized and gendered labor market shaped their labor market choices, or lack thereof, and shaped their experience at the intimate level. Failing to address broader racialized and gendered labor market insecurity not only has implications for workers who are less able to negotiate what they do and how. It also limits the progressive potential to value all forms of intimate labor and to rethink skill.
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Alcalde, M. Cristina. "Heteronormativity, Homophobia, and Home." In Peruvian Lives across Borders, 118–41. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041846.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on quotidian technologies of exclusion against migrants who identify as gay, lesbian, and bisexual. Drawing on interviews, newspapers, ordinances and bills, novels, and field notes, the chapter underscore how forms of exclusion, violence, and insecurity can undergird and even define belonging in the context of return. I also examine how Peruvian migrant groups outside Peru may reinforce exclusionary practices. I suggest that LGB individuals may find themselves in the difficult position of accepting violence against them--homophobic practices, jokes, and discrimination--in order to be at home with their families, in their homeland, and within immigrant communities, which leads to exclusion and rightlessness in everyday life.
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Melchior, Inge. "Introduction: Persisting Pasts in the Margins of Europe." In Guardians of Living History. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462989023_intro.
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The introduction introduces the question of how people that live in a society with an extremely complicated, violent past and only a short history of independence engage with the past, both within their families and as members of a national community. According to the literature, they will long for stability, a strong collective story and closure. The chapter then describes the ‘War of Monuments’; the context of insecurity in which the ethnographic fieldwork took place. Subsequently, it positions the book within the literature on the anthropology of post-communist remembering. Finally the Introduction describes which methods have been used to gather the data and it introduces the social groups the book focuses on.
Conference papers on the topic "Positional insecurity"
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Ivan, Lucian. "Management of Covid-19 Crisis at the Level of Defence Industry." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/21.
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According to estimates and analyses by the international community of economic analysts, the medical crisis generated by the Covid-19 pandemic will induce a major economic and financial crisis worldwide which, in conjunction with the current geopolitical situation, characterized by a high degree of uncertainty (e.g. strategic economic confrontation between the US and China, the position of force adopted by the Russian Federation), will affect production and supply chains, amplify the phenomenon of the adoption of trade policies of a protectionist nature, and, indirectly, will significantly affect national defense budgets. In this fluid geopolitical context, characterized by insecurity and systemic instability, a strategic rethink and recalibration of defence policies can be predicted in a new context, defined by the multipolar competition and the asymmetry of geopolitical geometry, the conflict between civilizational models (competition between democracy vs. autocratic/totalitarian political regimes), to the detriment of regional and international collective security arrangements. Changing government priorities generated by the pandemic crisis generated by Covid-19 may lead to a reduction in budgets for military endowment programs. Most governments allocate about 2% of GDP annually to the defence sector. Given the pandemic generated by Covid-19, there is a risk that some states will significantly reduce the budget allocated to the defence industry in order to increase the budgets for health systems, given the need to expand hospitals, as well as the purchase of medical equipment and services. In Romania, the topic of tools and opportunities that may be able to ensure the improvement of the effects and overcoming the economic crisis is currently being discussed through active economic measures, including in the field of the defence industry. In Romania, however, the path from debate to public policy and strategy assumed and applied is traditionally long and hard, requiring more pragmatism in addressing strategic economic issues.
Reports on the topic "Positional insecurity"
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.
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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.