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Books on the topic 'Positional saliency'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Vaez-Zadeh, Sadegh. Rotor Position and Speed Estimation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198742968.003.0006.

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The ultimate importance of rotor position and speed information in permanent magnet synchronous (PMS) machines control, and the industry interest to the rotor and speed sensorless systems as a cost-saving and practical alternative to the motor control with mechanical sensors are emphasized. Major position and speed estimation schemes are then presented in detail. These are the: back electromotive force (EMF)-based method; flux linkage method; hypothesis rotor position method; saliency-based method, including high frequency signal injection and inverter switching harmonics schemes; and finally,

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2

Afonso, Alexandre, and Line Rennwald. Social Class and the Changing Welfare State Agenda of Radical Right Parties in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807971.003.0007.

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This chapter explores the importance of the welfare state as a political issue for radical right parties. It considers the role of the class setup of parties, party competition, and issue salience as possible determinants of welfare state positions. Based on an analysis of voter profiles and the economic agendas of right-wing populist parties in recent years, it finds that while the welfare state tends to gain in importance for a number of right-wing populist parties, there is no mechanistic relationship between voter profiles and the welfare position of parties. Where the welfare state is an

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3

Guisinger, Alexandra. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190651824.003.0009.

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Chapter 9 discusses two questions: first, whether the explanation for declining trade salience is specific to the American experience; and second, what conditions in the U.S. could change to revive the salience of trade policy. To address the first question, the chapter compares trade salience patterns in the U.S. and eight other similar advanced industrial countries (AICs). It provides a comparison of beliefs about the benefits of trade the 9 identified AICs; analysis of parties’ position taking and trade’s salience in the party platforms of those countries since 1920, and two comparative cas

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4

Koppelman, Andrew. A Rawlsian Defence of Special Treatment for Religion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794394.003.0003.

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Religion, as such, is routinely given special treatment in American law. Many distinguished legal theorists and philosophers have claimed that this special treatment is unfair. Some of the arguments for this claim are adapted from the philosophy of John Rawls. The chapter argues that objections to special treatment of religion find no support in Rawls. The rights established in the original position are vaguely specified. Liberty of conscience cannot be implemented without reliance on more specific and local aspirations. In the later stages of the four-stage sequence, fulfilling the original p

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5

Vasilopoulou, Sofia. The Radical Right and Euroskepticism. Edited by Jens Rydgren. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274559.013.7.

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This chapter examines the role that the European Union (EU) issue plays in radical right party agendas. It shows that, despite the fact that radical right parties tend to adopt dissimilar positions on the principle, practice, and future of European integration, they all tend to criticize the EU from a predominantly sovereignty-based perspective justified on ethnocultural grounds. The EU is portrayed as posing a threat to national sovereignty, its policies dismantling the state and its territory, as well as being responsible for the cultural disintegration of Europe and its nation-states. The a

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6

Dalton, Russell J. Electoral Choice—Voter Demand and Party Supply. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830986.003.0007.

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This chapter examines the impact of the economic and cultural cleavages on Europeans’ voting choices over time. There is a strong and persisting influence of the economic cleavage on voting choices with little change after the 2008 financial crisis. There is also a growing importance of the cultural cleavage. In recent elections, the cultural cleavage outweighs the influence on the economic cleavage. The polarization of party positions on the cultural cleavage increases the influence of this cleavage, but the same pattern is not apparent for the economic cleavage. The salience of each cleavage

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7

Kristjánsson, Kristján. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809678.003.0001.

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Chapter 1 paves the way for the discussion of the nature and moral salience of individual virtuous emotions in subsequent chapters by (a) explaining and defending an Aristotelian componential view of what an emotion is; (b) addressing the distinction between ‘virtuous emotions’ and ‘emotion(al) virtues’; and (c) explaining the salience, in an Aristotelian system, of emotion education. The author explains the debates that rage on these issues and takes a stand on them. Most importantly, Aristotelian emotions have a cognitive core. It is this cognitive core that underlies the assumption of respo

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8

Russell, Paul. Causation, Compulsion, and Compatibilism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627607.003.0002.

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This chapter examines certain salient features of the influential compatibilist position that is widely associated with the views of several leading figures of the empiricist tradition (Hobbes, Hume, Mill, Russell, Ayer, etc.). The empiricist-compatibilist strategy falls, essentially, into two distinct stages of argument. The first stage, referred to as the “compulsion argument,” seeks to describe the general significance of the distinction between causation and compulsion for the free will dispute. The second stage of this strategy, referred to as the “regularity argument,” endeavors to recon

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9

Polk, Jonathan, and Jan Rovny. Welfare Democracies and Multidimensional Party Competition in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807971.003.0002.

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This chapter explains the relationship between the four European worlds of welfare democracies (Nordic, continental, southern, and Anglo-Saxon) and multidimensional party competition. It systematically examines the variation of the relationship between party positions and salience on economic and cultural politics. The expectation is that southern political economies facilitate closer association between economic and cultural issues, whereas Nordic welfare states produce party systems where competition between mainstream parties is defined by economic politics. The continental political econom

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10

Núñez, Jennifer, and Constance Flanagan. Political Beliefs and Civic Engagement in Emerging Adulthood. Edited by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795574.013.21.

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Emerging adulthood is critical for the development and solidification of civic values and commitments. In the midst of exploring employment, relationships, education, and parenthood, young adults question who they are, what they value, and what kind of values they want their society to stand for. According to longitudinal work, the way that individuals wrangle with and take positions on issues that are salient in their early adulthood and the points of view circulating in political discourse at that time shape those individuals’ political positions into midlife. Given the life-long political r

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11

Morgan, Kimberly J. Varieties of Electoral Dilemmas: Partisan Jousting over Welfare States and Immigration in a Changing Europe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807971.003.0005.

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This chapter examines the dilemmas that parties face in the welfare democracies as they attempt to respond to shifting constituencies, the rise of new issues, and steadily growing rival parties on the periphery of the party system. Based on an analysis of parties’ positions on immigration and the welfare state in sixteen countries using data from the Comparative Manifesto Project, and a closer look at electoral campaigns in Britain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Sweden, the chapter shows how pushing too far with market reforms or austerity policies opens up the center-left and center-rig

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12

Pop, Liliana. Bourdieu in the Post-Communist World. Edited by Thomas Medvetz and Jeffrey J. Sallaz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199357192.013.6.

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The collapse of the communist regimes in the former Soviet bloc and the subsequent economic, political, social, and cultural transformations opened up new challenges for social science research. Working with the methodological and conceptual tools of Pierre Bourdieu, including habitus, field, capital, symbolic power, hysteresis, and the logic of honor, among others, scholars have defined and addressed four clusters of important research questions: the possibility of systemic change and the emergence of “capitalism without capitalists”; mechanisms for legitimacy and stability, new configuration

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13

Hamilton, Kirk, and Cameron Hepburn. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803720.003.0001.

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While current economic discourse tends to focus on GDP and its growth, there is an older tradition in economics of assessing the wealth of a nation. This book builds on this tradition by defining the components of wealth (produced, natural, human, intellectual and institutional capital, and net foreign assets) and considers how the management of this portfolio can lead to increasing social welfare. Four factors have increased the salience of wealth: a financial crisis centred on the implosion of balance sheet positions, the subsequent emphasis on the distribution of wealth within societies, si

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14

Williams, David M. Psychological Hedonism, Hedonic Motivation, and Health Behavior. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499037.003.0010.

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Why is it so hard to choose the fruit salad instead of the chocolate cake? Why do we dread our daily workout? And why do some of us find it so difficult to quit smoking, quit drinking too much, or stop using drugs? This chapter argues that these unhealthy behaviors are largely a function of hedonic motivation: an automatically triggered motivational state that manifests in a felt desire to perform behaviors that have previously brought immediate pleasure, or dread of performing behaviors that have previously brought immediate displeasure. The concept of hedonic motivation is based on recent de

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15

Jones, Alison, and Brenda Sufrin. 13. Public Enforcement by the Commission and the National Competition Authorities of the Antitrust Provisions. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198723424.003.0013.

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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter discusses the following: the change in the enforcement regime for EU antitrust rules on 1 May 2004; the system under Regulation 17 that applied before then; the reasons for, and salient features of, the ‘modernisation’ in Regulation 1/2003; the powers of the Commission; the role of EU Courts; enforcement by national competition authorities and the relationship between EU and national law; the possib

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16

Wood, Nathan. Virtue Rediscovered. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978739130.

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Virtue ethics occupies the strange position of being one of the oldest and most prominently discussed ethical theories throughout history, and yet many contemporary moral philosophers do not recognize it as a genuine alternative to currently prominent normative theories, such as utilitarianism or Kantian ethics. In Virtue Rediscovered: Deontology, Consequentialism, and Virtue Ethics in the Contemporary Moral Landscape, Nathan Wood argues that this discrepancy requires us to rethink how we understand the function and purpose of normative ethical theories, especially insofar as such theories are

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17

Anstis, Stuart. Color and Luminance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0038.

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Color and luminance interact in many ways in the human visual system. For instance, the colors in an afterimage, which are due to adaptation of retinal cones, are especially vivid when test contours, presented after the adapting image, coincide with the blurred edges of the afterimage. A single colored adapting pattern can give rise to two differently colored afterimages, according to the position of black lines in the test field. This shows that colors seen by the low-acuity chromatic pathways will diffuse outward along, but not across, luminance contours. This is also true for real colors. F

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18

Divers, John. De Re Modality in the Late Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786436.003.0010.

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Quine’s (in)famous sceptical critique of de re modality is expounded in the pair of 1953 classic papers ‘Reference and Modality’ and ‘Three Grades of Modal Involvement’. Here, I position the salient, and non-sceptical, treatments of de re modality in the later part of the twentieth century—those due to Kripke, Lewis, and Fine—in relation to that prior sceptical critique. My theses are: (a) that that Kripke, Lewis, and Fine all undertake non-sceptical defences of de re modal predication that conform to the Smullyan language-independence strategy; and (b) none does so in a way that falsifies Qui

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19

Ricketts, Mónica. The King’s Most Loyal Subjects. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190494889.003.0004.

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Prior to the eighteenth century, Spain and the Spanish Empire lacked centralized and well-organized forces, both on land or sea. As a result, the Crown was able to find space in its military organizational efforts for substantial reform. In the 1760s, in the context of major imperial wars, Bourbon officers implemented an intense military reform in central areas of the empire, such as Cuba and Peru, expanded the size and power of the army and ensured that loyal military officers occupied leading positions of power. In Peru, the military became an attractive institution for Indians and castas (p

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20

Jörg, Kammerhofer. Part 1 The Cold War Era (1945–89), 29 The US Intervention in Nicaragua—1981–88. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198784357.003.0029.

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This chapter focuses on the US intervention in Nicaragua from 1981 to 1988, as a contribution to the state practice on the law on the use of force and the right to self-defence under both UN Charter and customary law. After an overview of the background of the so-called ‘contra war’ and of the salient facts regarding the US intervention in that conflict, it discusses the positions of the two parties on the facts and law, and takes note of the reaction of the international community, focusing on the debates at the UN. The next section focuses on the legality of the operation; the ICJ’s holdings

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21

Egedi, Barbara. Word order change at the left periphery of the Hungarian noun phrase. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747307.003.0005.

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This chapter studies the determination and the distribution of possessive constructions from Old to Modern Hungarian. The grammaticalization of the definite article in well-defined contexts had structural consequences, the most salient of which is the emergence of a new strategy for demonstrative modification, which is called determiner doubling throughout the paper. Word order variation arises due to the determiners’ interference with the possessor expressions at the left periphery of the noun phrase. The newly added demonstratives first adjoined to the noun phrase in a somewhat looser fashio

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22

Pickett Miller, Niya. Deconstructing the Albino Other. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666989540.

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Deconstructing the Albino Other: A Critique of Albinism Identity in Media discusses how American popular culture and communication about albinism, including movie characters and memes, have worked to create and maintain a negative trope of albinism that situates people with albinism (PWA) as a monolithic other. Niya Pickett Miller demonstrates that consequently, PWA must construct their own identities of albinism, highlighting the salient aspects of themselves as they see fit with no valid representation to look to for guidance. Thus, Pickett Miller argues, self-defining for PWA is a key rheto

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23

Gattone, Charles F. Balanced Epistemological Orientation for the Social Sciences. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666982367.

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A Balanced Epistemological Orientation for the Social Sciences challenges social researchers to rethink the epistemological assumptions grounding their work. It reviews the strengths and weaknesses of four salient epistemological orientations in the field – positivism, relativism, interpretivism, and intersubjectivism – to identify the characteristics of a theoretically-informed epistemology for social science. Relying on such an epistemology means seeking a deeper understanding of the social world without losing sight of the constructed nature of one’s conceptual frames. It involves adopting

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24

Jamal, Manal A. The ‘Other Arab’ and Gulf Citizens. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190608873.003.0006.

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This chapter explores the fate of Arabs of Palestinian origin in the UAE, culminating in events surrounding the first Gulf War and the Arab uprisings. The specific questions this project addresses include: In the context of the UAE, which factors have historically shaped and changed the position of “other Arabs” over time? How have Palestinians, including younger generations, negotiated and addressed their sometimes tenuous relationship with the UAE? What do current dynamics portend for future relations between Emiratis and Arabs of Palestinian origin who live in the UAE? Two important observa

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25

Vasalou, Sophia, ed. The Measure of Greatness. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840688.001.0001.

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Magnanimity is a virtue that has led many lives. Foregrounded early on by Plato as the philosophical virtue par excellence, it became one of the crown jewels in Aristotle’s account of human excellence and was accorded an equally salient place by other ancient thinkers. One of the most distinctive elements of the ancient tradition to filter into the medieval Islamic and Christian worlds, it sparked important intellectual engagements there and went on to carve deep tracks through several later philosophies that inherited from this tradition. Under changing names, under reworked forms, it continu

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26

Tsutsui, Kiyoteru. Rights Make Might. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190853105.001.0001.

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Rights Make Might examines why the three most salient minority groups in Japan all expanded their activism since the late 1970s against significant headwinds, and chronicles how global human rights ideas and institutions empowered all three groups to engage in enhanced political activities. It also documents the contributions of the three groups to the expansion of global human rights activities, demonstrating the feedback mechanism from local groups to global institutions. Examining the prehistory of the three groups, it first sets the scene for minority politics in Japan before the 1970s, wh

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