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1
Rasch, Kevin, and Dennis Lipponen. "Inomhuspositionering med tre olika tekniker – Bluetooth Low Energy, Wi-Fi och GPS : En jämförelsestudie av positioneringsverktyg vid inomhuspositionering." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Informatik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-27999.
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Olika navigeringstekniker är något som människan använder sig av dagligen. Det är och har varit en viktig del genom tiderna, i början handlade det om att kunna navigera till havs med hjälp av stjärnorna och idag har många människor i världen någon form av smarttelefon som kan användas som navigeringsverktyg. Inomhuspositionering är något som har blivit ett hett ämne den senaste tiden och eftersom GPS fungerar sämre inomhus har nya tekniker utvecklats för att navigera och positionera sig inomhus. De tekniker som ligger i framkant nu är bland annat Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) och Wi-Fi där man med hjälp av triangulering kan positionera ut en användare inomhus. Frågan återstår då, vilket positioneringsverktyg är då lämpligt för inomhuspositionering. Detta examensarbete har utförts med en kombination av strategier. Som börjar med en jämförelsestudie av tre olika positioneringstekniker, BLE Wi-Fi och GPS, för att ta fram en lämplig positioneringsteknik för utvärdering i form av ett experiment där flera faktorer, främst precisionen, testas. I denna studie användes BLE beacons som positioneringsverktyg dels för att den var lätt att implementera men även för att den skulle uppnå hög precision. För att testa BLE beacon utvecklades en lätt applikationsprototyp som hade som huvudsyfte att kunna positionera ut en användare i ett koordinatsystem med hjälp av XYvärden. Genom att triangulering användes för att kunna positionera ut en användare uppnådde studien en medelmarginal på ungefär 76 centimeter när fem stycken beacons användes i ett område på 4 x 3 meter, vilket vi ansåg som godkänt för att kunna dra slutsatsen att BLE beacon är ett lämpligt verktyg när det kommer till en inomhuspositionering. Slutsatsen blev även att det skiljer sig avsevärt mycket i precision om man använder sig av för få eller helt enkelt dåligt placerade beacons.<br>Different navigation techniques are something that people uses on a daily basis. It has been and still is an important part in the history of mankind, initially navigation was about being able to navigate at sea using the stars, and today many people around the world have some kind of smartphone that can be used as a navigation tool. Indoor positioning is something that has become a hot topic in the last decade and since GPS has bad precision indoors new technologies has been developed to navigate and position objects indoors. Some leading technologies now includes Bluetooth Low Energy beacons and Wi-Fi, where you can position a user indoors using triangulation-techniques. The question still remains, which technique is viable for indoor positioning. This study has been conducted as a combination of two strategies, starting with a comparison study of three different positioning techniques, BLE, Wi-Fi and GPS, to come to a conclusion which positioning technique is suitable for indoor positioning. After the conclusion we evaluated the technique in the form of an experiment in which several factors, mainly the precision, are tested. In this study, BLE beacon were used as the positioning tool because it was easy to implement but also to able to achieve high precision in the right environment. To test the beacons, a light application prototype was developed that had the main purpose of positioning a user in a coordinate system using XY values. By using triangulation to position the user. The study achieved a mean margin of approximately 76 centimeters when five beacons were used in a 4 x 3 meter area. The conclusion was BLE beacons is a suitable tool when it comes to indoor positioning and that there is a lot of difference in precision when using too few or poorly placed beacons.
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Sehloho, Nobaene Elizabeth. "An indoor positioning system using multiple methods and tools." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2288.
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Thesis (MTech (Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.<br>Recently, the deployment and availability of wireless technology have led to the development of location and positioning services. These Location Based Services (LBSs) are attracting the attention of researchers and mobile service providers. With the importance of ubiquitous computing, the main challenge seen in the LBS is in the mobile positioning or localization within reasonable and certain accuracy. The Global Positioning System (GPS), as a widely known and used navigation system, is only appropriate for use in outdoor environments, due to the lack of line-of-sight (LOS) in satellite signals that they cannot be used accurately inside buildings and premises. Apart from GPS, Wi-Fi is among others, a widely used technology as it is an already existing infrastructure in most places. This work proposes and presents an indoor positioning system. As opposed to an Ad-hoc Positioning System (APS), it uses a Wireless Mesh Network (WMN). The system makes use of an already existing Wi-Fi infrastructure. Moreover, the approach tests the positioning of a node with its neighbours in a mesh network using multi-hopping functionality. The positioning measurements used were the ICMP echo requests, RSSI and RTS/CTS requests and responses. The positioning method used was the trilateral technique, in combination with the idea of the fingerprinting method. Through research and experimentation, this study developed a system which shows potential as a positioning system with an error of about 2 m – 3 m. The hybridization of the methods proves an enhancement in the system though improvements are still required
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Theissen, Nikolas Alexander. "Physics-based modelling and measurement of advanced manufacturing machinery’s positioning accuracy : Machine tools, industrial manipulators and their positioning accuracy." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263700.
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Advanced manufacturing machinery is a corner stone of essential industries of technologicallydeveloped societies. Their accuracy permits the production of complexproducts according to tight geometric dimensions and tolerances for high efficiency,interchangeability and sustainability. The accuracy of advanced manufacturingmachinery can be quantified by the performance measure of positioning accuracy.Positioning accuracy measures the closeness between a commanded and an attainedposition on a machine tool or industrial manipulator, and it is ruled by lawsof physics in classical mechanics and thermodynamics. These laws can be applied tomodel how much the machinery deflects due to gravity, expands due to a change intemperature and how much and how long it vibrates due to process forces; hence,one can quantify how much the accuracy decreases. Thus, to produce machinerywith ever higher accuracy and precision one can design machines which deflect,expand and vibrate less or one can understand and model the actual behaviour ofthe machinery to compensate for it.This licentiate thesis uses physics-based modelling to quantify the positioningaccuracy of machine tools and industrial robots. The work investigates the potentialincrease in positioning accuracy because of the simultaneous modelling of the kinematics,static deflections, vibrations and thermo-elasticity as a lumped-parametermodel of the machinery. Consequently the models can be used to quantify thechange of the accuracy throughout the workspace.The lumped parameter models presented in this work require empirical modelcalibration and validation. The success of both, calibration and validation, dependson the availability of the right measurement instruments, as these need to be ableto capture the actual positioning accuracy of machinery. This thesis focuses on theimportance of measurement instruments in industry and metrology and creates acatalogue of requirements and trends to identify the features of the measurementinstruments required for the factories of the future. These novel measurement instrumentsshall be able to improve model calibration and validation for an improvedoverall equipment effectiveness, improved product quality, reduced costs, improvedsafety and sustainability as a result of physics-based modelling and measurementof advanced manufacturing machinery.
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Salazar, Hernández Dagoberto José. "Precise GPS-based position, velocity and acceleration determination: algorithms and tools." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/77654.
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Esta tesis doctoral llevó a cabo el estudio, desarrollo e implementación de algoritmos para la navegación con
sistemas globales de navegación por satélite (GNSS), enfocándose en la determinación precisa de la posición,
velocidad y aceleración usando GPS, en modo post-procesado y lejos de estaciones de referencia.
Uno de los objetivos era desarrollar herramientas en esta área y hacerlas disponibles a la comunidad GNSS. Por ello
el desarrollo se hizo dentro del marco del proyecto preexistente de software libre llamado GPS Toolkit (GPSTk). Una
de las primeras tareas realizadas fue la validación de las capacidades de la GPSTk para el procesado del
pseudorango, realizando comparaciones con una herramienta de procesamiento de datos probada (BRUS).
La gestión de datos GNSS demostró ser un asunto importante cuando se intentó extender las capacidades de la
GPSTk al procesamiento de datos obtenidos de las fases de la señal GPS. Por ello se desarrollaron las Estructuras
de Datos GNSS (GDS), que combinadas con su paradigma de procesamiento aceleran el proceso de desarrollo de
software y reducen errores.
La extensión de la GPSTk a los algoritmos de procesado en fase se hizo mediante la ayuda de las GDS,
proporcionándose importantes clases accesorias que facilitan el trabajo. Se implementó el procesado de datos
Precise Point Positioning (PPP) con ejemplos relativamente simples basados en las GDS, y al comparar sus
resultados con otras aplicaciones de reputación ya establecida, se encontró que destacan entre los mejores.
También se estudió cómo obtener la posición precisa, en post-proceso, de un receptor GPS a cientos de kilómetros
de la estación de referencia más cercana y usando tasas de datos arbitrarias (una limitación del método PPP). Las
ventajas aportadas por las GDS permitieron la implementación de un procesado semejante a un PPP cinemático
basado en una red de estaciones de referencia, estrategia bautizada como Precise Orbits Positioning (POP) porque
sólo necesita órbitas precisas para trabajar y es independiente de la información de los relojes de los satélites GPS.
Los resultados de este enfoque fueron muy similares a los del método PPP cinemático estándar, pero
proporcionando soluciones de posición con una tasa mayor y de manera más robusta.
La última parte se enfocó en la implementación y mejora de algoritmos para determinar con precisión la velocidad y
aceleración de un receptor GPS. Se hizo énfasis en el método de las fases de Kennedy debido a su buen
rendimiento, desarrollando una implementación de referencia y demostrando la existencia de una falla en el
procedimiento propuesto originalmente para el cálculo de las velocidades de los satélites. Se propuso entonces una
modificación relativamente sencilla que redujo en un factor mayor que 35 el RMS de los errores 3D en velocidad.
Tomando ideas de los métodos Kennedy y POP se desarrolló e implementó un nuevo procedimiento de
determinación de velocidad y aceleración que extiende el alcance. Este método fue llamado Extended Velocity and
Acceleration determination (EVA). Un experimento usando una aeronave ligera volando sobre los Pirineos mostró
que tanto el método de Kennedy (modificado) como el método EVA son capaces de responder ante la dinámica de
este tipo de vuelos.
Finalmente, tanto el método de Kennedy modificado como el método EVA fueron aplicados a una red en la zona
ecuatorial de Sur América con líneas de base mayores a 1770 km. En este escenario el método EVA mostró una
clara ventaja tanto en los promedios como en las desviaciones estándar para todas las componentes de la velocidad
y la aceleración.<br>This Ph.D. Thesis focuses on the development of algorithms and tools for precise GPS-based position, velocity and
acceleration determination very far from reference stations in post-process mode.
One of the goals of this thesis was to develop a set of state-of-the-art GNSS data processing tools, and make them
available for the research community. Therefore, the software development effort was done within the frame of a
preexistent open source project called the GPSTk. Therefore, validation of the GPSTk pseudorange-based processing
capabilities with a trusted GPS data processing tool was one of the initial task carried out in this work.
GNSS data management proved to be an important issue when trying to extend GPSTk capabilities to carrier phasebased
data processing algorithms. In order to tackle this problem the GNSS Data Structures (GDS) and their
associated processing paradigm were developed. With this approach the GNSS data processing becomes like an
assembly line, providing an easy and straightforward way to write clean, simple to read and use software that speeds
up development and reduces errors.
The extension of GPSTk capabilities to carrier phase-based data processing algorithms was carried out with the help
of the GDS, adding important accessory classes necessary for this kind of data processing and providing reference
implementations. The performance comparison of these relatively simple GDS-based source code examples with
other state-of-the art Precise Point Positioning (PPP) suites demonstrated that their results are among the best.
Furthermore, given that the GDS design is based on data abstraction, it allows a very flexible handling of concepts
beyond mere data encapsulation, including programmable general solvers, among others.
The problem of post-process precise positioning of GPS receivers hundreds of kilometers away from nearest
reference station at arbitrary data rates was dealt with, overcoming an important limitation of classical post-processing
strategies like PPP. The advantages of GDS data abstraction regarding solvers were used to implement a kinematic
PPP-like processing based on a network of stations. This procedure was named Precise Orbits Positioning (POP)
because it is independent of precise clock information and it only needs precise orbits to work. The results from this
approach were very similar (as expected) to the standard kinematic PPP processing strategy, but yielding a higher
positioning rate. Also, the network-based processing of POP seems to provide additional robustness to the results,
even for receivers outside the network area.
The last part of this thesis focused on implementing, improving and testing algorithms for the precise determination of
velocity and acceleration hundreds of kilometers away from nearest reference station. Special emphasis was done on
the Kennedy method because of its good performance. A reference implementation of Kennedy method was
developed, and several experiments were carried out. Experiments done with very short baselines showed a flaw in
the way satellite velocities were computed, introducing biases in the velocity solution. A relatively simple modification
was proposed, and it reduced the RMS of 5-min average velocity 3D errors by a factor of over 35.
Then, borrowing ideas from Kennedy method and the POP method, a new velocity and acceleration determination
procedure named EVA was developed and implemented that greatly extends the effective range. An experiment using
a light aircraft flying over the Pyrenees showed that both the modified-Kennedy and EVA methods were able to cope
with the dynamics of this type of flight. Finally, both modified-Kennedy and EVA method were applied to a challenging
scenario in equatorial South America, with baselines over 1770 km, where EVA method showed a clear advantage in
both averages and standard deviations for all components of velocity and acceleration.
Lloc i
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Björkman, Hans. "Learning from members : tools for strategic positioning and service innovation in trade unions." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Programmet Människa och Organisation (PMO), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-530.
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The formal governance structure is more complex in trade unions than in many other organizations. Trade union researchers have drawn attention to the tensions between union administrative and representative systems and the fact that control in unions is bi-directional from leaders to members (through formal control systems), and from members to leaders (through democratic structures). This study has shown that the utilization of market orientation methods has the capacity to strengthen the administrative system without interfering with or being hindered by the representative system. The findings related to market orientation methods presented in this thesis are not of such a character that they can be deemed to be specific for trade unions. Therefore, as a general rule, market orientation methods need no trade union-specific adaptation to be utilized. The setting for this study is Sif, a major industrial white-collar trade union in Sweden. The change process of Sif described in the thesis suggests an increased degree of market orientation. The study has focused on two specific tools/techniques; The Sif Barometer - an annual membership satisfaction survey, and The Design Dialogue Methodology – an internally developed group interview method. These methods have contributed to an enhanced level of market orientation. Propositions for better contributions to strategic positioning and service innovation are presented in terms of design principles. An identified problem is that the potential for double-loop learning has been limited in the organization. Some propositions for enhancing double-loop learning are set out: Knowledge enhances learning: the utilization of market information requires knowledge among managers and employees about the instruments used to ensure accurate interpretations and utilization of the results acquired. Knowledge thus has a role in breaking down the barriers preventing accurate utilization of market information. Task alignment is a viable strategy for the creation of learning micro-climates: Learning through the change of work behaviors is the core element of a task alignment strategy. Task alignment is a strategy targeting learning capabilities in the organization that is not only an approach for solving problems in the long term, but also an immediate response to tangible business problems. Action research may contribute to double-loop learning: The action research method has inherent change properties connected to its "learning by change" approach. Actors should consider the discrepancies between espoused theories and theories-in-use: Various political behaviors hampering double-loop learning have been traced. A broad level of participation and involvement of managers and employees during the development or adaptation of the market orientation instrument can enable open and trustful discussions for enhancing double-loop learning.<br>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2005
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Björkman, Hans. "Learning from members : tools for strategic positioning and service innovation in trade unions /." Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (EFI), 2005. http://web.hhs.se/efi/summary/659.htm.
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Rahman, M. (Mahbubur). "Modeling and measurement of multi-axis machine tools to improve positioning accuracy in a software way." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:951427332X.
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Abstract
Manufacturers are under tremendous pressure to improve product quality in terms of dimension while maintaining high productivity. To maintain product quality, it is necessary to know the accuracy level of machine tools so that defective parts can be prevented in manufacturing. Different machine tools deviate from their ideal situation to an error prone state over time. Even new machine tools may cause errors due to faulty installation, an extra heat source etc.
Roll, pitch and yaw errors are common problems in machine tools for the manufacturing industries. The origins of these errors are kinematics parameter deviations resulting from manufacturing errors, assembly errors or quasistatic errors. By considering the geometric description of any machine tool, one should be able to predict the actual tool tip as compared to ideal tool tip for every controlled point in the machine's workspace. By counting the forward kinematics of the machine it is possible to predict the tool tip deviation for every point. A number of measuring methods can be adopted to describe the actual geometry of machine tools. Each method has it's own advantages and disadvantages. Often machine tool experts measure the machine with different types of measuring devices to obtain error traces based on its error sources and magnitude.
In this thesis, a theoretical and practical relation has been established between static and dynamic measuring systems. These relations are important when we are measuring machine tools with different measuring devices to validate the measurement results. In this work, traces obtained by one measuring system have been compared and simulated with the traces obtained by other methods. A number of systematic mathematical models have been developed, and compared with the results obtained by other measuring methods. The outcome of this can lead to the development of a software system that can be used to validate measuring results obtained from different measuring systems and those can be compared with each other. The VM182 measurement result simulates closer than the laser measurement result when both are compared using the traces obtained by DBB measurement.
Several methods for improving the positioning accuracy of machine tools have been studied. One of the methods is NC code modification. This method has been applied to develop an NC program processor based on the error found by the measurements. An aluminium test piece has been cut with the modified program to test the developed model. The finding of NC code modification is that for repeatable error, we can obtain a better dimensional accuracy for work pieces when we use a modified NC program based on the algorithms developed. The arch replacement technique has given a circularity improvement from 22 to 12 with DBB measurement, and circularity has been improved from 12.59 to 8.10 when it has been applied to cut aluminium work piece.
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Hohner, Robin, and Ekengren André. "Study Of Belts Acting As A Positioning System For Interconnected Gripping Tools In Tube Filling Machines." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77221.
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The task performed in this assignment is to improve the reliability of Norden Machinery ABs product family. This is to be done by examining and replacing the belt used to stop the spreading of tubes from ingoing shipping crate to the infeed of the machine. The way that this was approached was by testing different candidates on a spectrum of their rigidity to find if a flexible or more rigid belt would perform better than the current context of the system. The testing was conducted for a period of 4 weeks and results were gathered by examining damages to the belts by the use of microscope. After the damage had been analyzed the conclusion was drawn that flexible alternatives seems to perform the task better than their rigid counterparts however more work is needed in the fields regarding the fastening and operation of the machine to use the best suited candidates derived from this test, the monolithic belt FMT-02TXCT-U1.
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Benazzouz, Omar. "New tools for subsurface imaging of 3D seismic node data in hydrocarbon exploration." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16799.
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Doutoramento em Geociências<br>A aquisição de dados sísmicos de reflexão multicanal 3D/4D usando
Ocean Bottom NODES de 4 componentes constitui atualmente um
sector de importância crescente no mercado da aquisição de dados
reflexão sísmica marinha na indústria petrolífera. Este tipo de dados
permite obter imagens de sub-superfície de alta qualidade, com baixos
níveis de ruído, banda larga, boa iluminação azimutal, offsets longos,
elevada resolução e aquisição de tanto ondas P como S. A aquisição de
dados é altamente repetitiva e portanto ideal para campanhas 4D. No
entanto, existem diferenças significativas na geometria de aquisição e
amostragem do campo de ondas relativamente aos métodos
convencionais com streamers rebocados à superfície, pelo que é
necessário desenvolver de novas ferramentas para o processamento
deste tipo de dados. Esta tese investiga três aspectos do processamento
de dados de OBSs/NODES ainda não totalmente resolvidos de forma
satisfatória: a deriva aleatória dos relógios internos, o posicionamento de
precisão dos OBSs e a implementação de algoritmos de migração prestack
3D em profundidade eficientes para obtenção de imagens precisas
de subsuperfície. Foram desenvolvidos novos procedimentos para
resolver estas situações, que foram aplicados a dados sintéticos e a
dados reais. Foi desenvolvido um novo método para detecção e
correcção de deriva aleatória dos relógios internos, usando derivadas de
ordem elevada. Foi ainda desenvolvido um novo método de
posicionamento de precisão de OBSs usando multilateração e foram
criadas ferramentas de interpolação/extrapolação dos modelos de
velocidades 3D de forma a cobrirem a extensão total área de aquisição.
Foram implementados algoritmos robustos de filtragem para preparar o
campo de velocidades para o traçado de raios e minimizar os artefactos
na migração Krichhoff pre-stack 3D em profundidade. Os resultados
obtidos mostram um melhoramento significativo em todas as situações
analisadas. Foi desenvolvido o software necessário para o efeito e
criadas soluções computacionais eficientes. As soluções computacionais
desenvolvidas foram integradas num software standard de
processamento de sísmica (SPW) utilizado na indústria, de forma a criar,
conjuntamente com as ferramentas já existentes, um workflow de
processamento integrado para dados de OBS/NODES, desde a
aquisição e controle de qualidade à produção dos volumes sísmicos
migrados pre-stack em profundidade.<br>Ocean bottom recording of 3D/4D multichannel seismic reflection data
using 4 component Nodes is a recent and growing major segment in the
marine seismic acquisition market in the oil and gas industry. These data
provide high quality subsurface imaging with low ambient noise levels,
broad bandwidth, wide azimuth illumination, long-offset, high resolution,
and recordings of both P and S waves. In addition, data acquisition is
highly repeatable and therefore ideal for 4D surveys. However, there are
significant differences in acquisition geometry and wavefield sampling,
compared to the conventional towed streamer data, which require new
tools to be developed for data processing. This thesis investigates three
key issues in OBS/NODE data processing that have not yet been
satisfactorily fully solved: random clock drifts, accurate OBS positioning
and efficient 3D pre-stack depth migration algorithms for accurate
subsurface imaging. New procedures were developed to tackle these
issues and these were tested on synthetic and real datasets. A new
method for random clock drift was created using high order derivatives to
detect and correct these residual drifts. A new accurate OBS/NODE
positioning algorithm, using multilateration was developed. Tools were
created for interpolation/extrapolation of 3D velocity functions across the
full extent of the acquisition survey, and robust smoothing algorithms
were used to prepare the velocity field to be used for ray tracing and prestack
3D Kirchhoff depth migration, so as to minimize migration artifacts.
The results obtained show a clear improvement in all situations analyzed.
Dedicated software tools were created and computationally efficient
solutions were implemented. These were incorporated into an industry
standard seismic processing software package (SPW), so as to provide,
together with the already existing tools, a fully integrated processing
workflow for OBS/NODE data, from data acquisition and quality control,
to the production of the final pre-stack depth migrated seismic volumes.
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Huang, Huan. "Visualization tool used in indoor positioning system." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informations- och kommunikationssystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-25501.
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Lhotáková, Markéta. "Positioning as a Strategic Marketing Planning Tool." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2001. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77135.
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Positioning is an important tool of marketing planning and brand building on the market. Positionig is a streategy that helps marketers to differentiate the brand from those of competition and creaete unique brand perception in minds of target consumers. In a proces of positioning development four core elements must be defined and analyzed -- target consumer, unique consumer benefit which brand offeres to the target consumer, brand and its brand equity and competitors from whom we want to differentiate the brand. In my dissertation I address both, theoretical attitudes toward positioning and its definition, as well as practical application of theoretical conclusions in case study from corporate practice
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Afonina, Anna. "Uplatnění nástrojů a metod strategického řízení." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234420.
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Cílem disertace je ověřit existenci vztahu mezi využitím analytických nástrojů strategického řízení a výkonností podniků. Za tímto účelem bylo třeba nejdříve definovat množinu analytických nástrojů strategického řízení, které jsou v soudobé praxi našich firem nejčastěji používané a nalézt způsob, kterým lze hodnotit výkonnost podniků. K tomuto účelu byly připraveny dva výzkumy: výsledkem prvního bylo zjištění nejčastěji používaných analytických nástrojů strategického řízení a faktorů, které jejich využití ovlivňují, t.j. jejich znalost, spokojenost s nimi a velikost podniků. Výsledkem druhého výzkumu bylo navržení nového způsobu multikriteriálního hodnocení podnikového výkonu. Pomocí analýzy hlavních komponent (principal component analysis) byly definovány čtyři skupiny ukazatelů, které umožňují komplexní posouzení podnikového výkonu: ukazatele finanční výkonnosti, konkurenční pozice, orientace na zákazníky a organizační integrity. S použitím regresní analýzy (stepwise regression analysis) byl prokázán pozitivní vliv využití analytických nástrojů strategického řízení na výkonnost podniků.
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Rivers, Alec (Alec Rothmyer). "Augmented manual fabrication methods for 2D tool positioning and 3D sculpting." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79215.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-75).<br>Augmented manual fabrication involves using digital technology to assist a user engaged in a manual fabrication task. Methods in this space aim to combine the abilities of a human operator, such as motion planning and large-range mechanical manipulation, with technological capabilities that compensate for the operator's areas of weakness, such as precise 3D sensing, manipulation of complex shape data, and millimeter-scale actuation. This thesis presents two new augmented manual fabrication methods. The first is a method for helping a sculptor create an object that precisely matches the shape of a digital 3D model. In this approach, a projector-camera pair is used to scan a sculpture in progress, and the resulting scan data is compared to the target 3D model. The system then computes the changes necessary to bring the physical sculpture closer to the target 3D shape, and projects guidance directly onto the sculpture that indicates where and how the sculpture should be changed, such as by adding or removing material. We describe multiple types of guidance that can be used to direct the sculptor, as well as several related applications of this technique. The second method described in this thesis is a means of precisely positioning a handheld tool on a sheet of material using a hybrid digital-manual approach. An operator is responsible for manually moving a frame containing the tool to the approximate neighborhood of the desired position. The device then detects the frame's position and uses digitally-controlled actuators to move the tool within the frame to the exact target position. By doing this in a real time feedback loop, a tool can be smoothly moved along a digitally-specified 2D path, allowing many types of digital fabrication over an unlimited range using an inexpensive handheld tool.<br>by Alec Rivers.<br>Ph.D.
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Hoefener, Carl E. "GPS: THE LOGICAL TOOL FOR PRECISION TRACKING IN SPACE." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613092.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / November 04-07, 1991 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>As we develop more space vehicles, a pressing requirement emerges to provide precision tracking information. This need for exact time and space-position information (TSPI) persists whether developing and testing space weapons or locating the precise position of intelligence-gathering satellites. Because this is a worldwide tracking requirement, the use of conventional tracking techniques such as radar is precluded. Fortunately the Global Positioning System (GPS) is now in place and can provide the tracking information required. GPS offers two techniques for tracking space vehicles. A GPS receiver can be installed on the vehicle to determine the position that is then relayed to a ground terminal, or a GPS frequency translator can be used to compute the vehicle position at the master groundsite. Since both techniques have been proven satisfactory, the specific tracking requirement determines the method selected.
For the flight tests of the Exoatmospheric Reentry-Vehicle Interceptor Subsystem (ERIS), the GPS frequency translator technique is used. A GPS frequency translator is installed on the target (a reentry-vehicle launched on a Minuteman from Vandenberg), and a translator is also installed on the ERIS, which is launched from Meck Island in the Kwajalein Atoll. The GPS frequency translator approach was chosen for these tests for a variety of reasons, the most important of which were the limited instrumentation space on the target and interceptor, the extreme dynamics of the interceptor, the tracking accuracy required, and the range at which the operation must be tracked.
For the tracking of orbiting satellites, a GPS receiver can be flown on the satellite with its derived position information continuously stored. This data can then be dumped as the satellite passes over a selected groundsite.
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Dube, Renias Admore. "Appropriate positioning of modelling as a decision support tool for surface water resources planning in South Africa." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08242006-122230.
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Thesis (Ph.D) (Microbiology and Plant Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2006.<br>Summaries in Afrikaans and English. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.
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Pedroza, Albert. "IMPLEMENTATION OF DGPS AS A FLIGHT TEST PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT TOOL." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609790.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>The accurate determination of test aircraft position and velocity is a very strong requirement in several certification and development flight test applications. This requirement often requires availability of test ranges properly instrumented with optical or radar tracking systems, precision time for data reduction and dependency on environmental and meteorological conditions. The capabilities of GPS (Global Positioning System) technology, in terms of data accuracy, speed of data availability and reduction of test operating cost, moved Bombardier Flight Test Center to make an investment and integrate a system utilizing GPS for extensive use in flight and ground test activity. Through the use of differential GPS (DGPS) procedures, Bombardier Flight Test Center was able to implement a complete system which could provide real-time data results to a very acceptable output rate and accuracy. Furthermore, the system was capable of providing post-processed data results which greatly exceeded required output rate and accuracy. Regardless of the type of aircraft testing conducted, the real-time or post-processed data could be generated for the same test. After conducting various types of testing, Bombardier Flight Test Center has accepted the DGPS as an acceptable and proper flight and ground test measurement tool for its various aircraft test platforms.
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Bojnell, Kim, and Mattias Feltendal. "Development of a flexible stand to position a microwave transmitter : A complimentary tool to test equipment for breast cancer research." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55146.
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Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women, this type of cancer is diagnosed in around 9000 women every year in Sweden. The most common studies to find breast cancer is through mammography where the breast tissue is compressed and exposed by radiation. Not only does the technique expose the breast tissue for radiation, but it can also be very uncomfortable. There is research on a new kind of scanning where use of microwaves reduces the uncomfortable situation. The MDH research team that are working with this technology needs help to position a transmitter of microwaves to test their equipment. The purpose of this paper is to discover a way to mechanically position a transmitter so that it can be moved along a breast model. The investigation will be made through a product development process in order to review the research question: RQ: “How can a product be designed to position and adjust a microwave transmitter to various locations in order to help testing of cancer research equipment?” By using an agile working methodology in combination with a Design thinking process this thesis includes several sprints that involved continues improvement and feedback from the research team. The first sprint was mostly to discover and experiment on new design ideas as well as control if any of them could work. It resulted in need of measurement changes and redesigning. The second sprint involved measurement corrections. The model itself had the reasonable measurements and the functions worked as expected. However, some of the functions needed to be improved as well as a problem with clearing of the wires to the transmitter itself. The third sprint included changes where more freedom was given and more clearance was made for the wires, but this design turned out to be unpredictable. The fourth sprint included a completely new design to stabilizing the prototype as a result from the researchers’ feedback. To answer the research question, the final design resulted in a 3D printed stand designed to move the transmitter along x-axis as well as rotate around y-axis to adjust to different breast diameters and forms. The stand also includes a rack and pinion design that makes it possible to adjust to different breast lengths. Lastly, the stand makes it possible to gradually move the transmitter around the breast model. However, the final design does not only answer the research question it also fulfils stability and functionality requirements set by the research team. This clarifies why the first iterations needed redesigning. Therefore, the stand is ready for preliminary tests of the researcher’s equipment. To conclude, there are many different design solutions that can answer the research question. However, the design requires stability which reduce the number of design solutions.
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Pal, Rudrajeet, and Ahsan Ishaq. "A competitive business strategy development for market expansion in India : A tool for identifying business opportunities for Nilörn Group AB." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19085.
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The Branding Solution & Designing Industry has been seemingly proliferating with the growth inthe Apparel and fashion industry, predominantly. With economic development there has been anincrease in the private consumption and growth in GDP; as the demand from the fashion andready-to-wear industry has increased significantly.Both the global and European markets for branding and design are growing. Brands owners areincreasing their investments in measures intended to contribute to strengthening their brands, inwhich labels, packaging and accessories are important elements.Nilörngruppen is a company in this industry offering complete solutions in branding, design,product development and logistics on a global basis with a clear focus on offering customeruniquesolutions that create added value.To compete for the big branding and design jobs and increase the company business volume it isnecessary to be close to the customers. Developments necessitate Nilörngruppen being present inthe countries where its customers have increased its manufacturing base. This caters the need tomake an entry into new markets through a network of strategic partners. This has motivatedNilörngruppen to establish its part-owned subsidiary as Nilörn India with its own sales andlogistics base.This portrays the need of Nilörngruppen to develop its market through continued optimization ofits business structure and improve return on investments in India. The aim of this thesis report is tomake a Business Strategy development for Nilörn India for its expected market expansion in theIndian market.<br><p>Program: Magisterutbildning i Applied Textile Management</p><p>Uppsatsnivå: D</p>
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Ndlovu, Joram. "Branding as a strategic tool to reposition a destination a survey of key tourism stakeholders in Zimbabwe /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09242009-225847/.
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Gustafsson, Kristina, and Camilla Miedl-Ohlsson. "The Package : The Neglected Attribute The package´s role as a strategic tool in a competitive context." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1375.
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<p>Background: When functionalities of todays products become increasingly alike, design plays a prominent role for product differentiation. Visuality becomes as significant as functionality and increases the importance for companies to work with, and use, packaging design as a tool for creating competitiveness. </p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to, from a corporate perspective, illuminate and create understanding for the role of packaging design as a strategic tool in a competitive context, where the core product is difficult to differentiate. </p><p>Realization: We have performed a qualitative study of packaging design as a phenomenon. Data have been gathered through interviews with influential employees from companies who produce beverages and from design consultants. In total, eight respondents have participated in the study. </p><p>Results: The package equals communication - an advertising tool that customers are recurrently exposed to. When the core products are difficult to differentiate, it becomes more important to express product identity and core values through packaging design. The effect is a product and packaging design with a strong mental position among consumers. The purpose of packaging design is therefore to create demand by depicting surplus value.</p>
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Larsson, Ulrica, and Johanna Pettersson. "Development and evaluation of a 6DOF interface to be used in a medical application." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1412.
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<p>This thesis was performed at the research centre CINECA in Bologna, Italy. An interface with six degrees of freedom, 6DOF, to be used in a virtual environ- ment for the positioning of medical components was developed in co-operation with IOR, one of the most important orthopaedic hospitals in Italy. The main reason for doing this was to find out whether or not a virtual en-viron-ment and 6DOF interaction could make the pre-operative planning of an ope-ration more efficient compared to other techniques. Is it easy to posi-tion an object using stereovision and a 6DOF tracker tool? Further-more, the interface might also be used in other applications and areas in the future. </p><p>Described is the development of an interaction class especially constructed for the use of a tracking tool called a stylus pen. This tool takes advantage of all 6DOF, i.e. it recognises movements in the x, y and z directions and likewise the orientation of the tool around the three axis. Moreover, an application which uses the interaction class was created in order to evaluate its usefulness. The application enables the user to load, save and position objects within a virtual environment. The result of this evaluation is then described and discussed. </p><p>In the evaluations it was shown that the stylus pen with 6DOF is an intuitive in-ter-action tool which works well for positioning. The stereovision also seems to further improve the users ability to position objects. However, the created interaction class needs to be further developed before itcan be implemented in a pre-operative planning tool.</p>
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Axmann, Patrik. "NC otočný stůl s lineární osou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417425.
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This diploma thesis deals with the construction of an NC rotary table with a linear axis. The first part is devoted to the analysis of the current state of science and technology in the problem, the use of various drives, mechanisms for torque transmission, linear feed lines, measuring and an overview of tables from various manufacturers. Furthermore, the work is devoted to the creation of 4 variants of construction, then the selection of the best variant and technical calculations. At the end, the work deals with a detailed description of the machine.
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García, Loer Nércides Franco. "Sistema híbrido, manual e automático para controle de posição e trajetória em máquinas de usinagem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3152/tde-02042008-100236/.
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Com o presente projeto se pretende desenvolver um protótipo de máquina de usinagem para atender a fabricação de pequenos lotes (10~20 peças), Esta máquina terá características intermediárias entre as máquinas universal (manual) e de controle numérico (CN); conjugando as vantagens funcionais destas duas: alta eficiência e flexibilidade. A máquina projetada terá uma operação manual (trajetória), e seu posicionamento será servo-assistido. Entenda-se \"desenvolver\" como: a) Propor uma estratégia de usinagem; b) Propor uma configuração de máquina que funcione segundo esta estratégia; c) desenvolver um protótipo e; d) validar a estratégia e a configuração através de testes no protótipo. A estratégia de posicionamento aqui proposta, é baseada em um posicionamento manual, ou seja, o operador define livremente o movimento da ferramenta com relação à peça a se fabricar. Porém, um computador monitora constantemente a posição da ferramenta e não permite a entrada desta numa região, nomeada \"Região Proibida\"; que corresponde ao perfil da peça. A região proibida é definida diretamente a partir de um desenho de CAD, dispensando o uso de alguma ferramenta computacional de geração automática de trajetória de ferramenta. Deste modo, o operador realiza a usinagem de desbaste. O acabamento é realizado automaticamente pelo computador, que faz com que a ferramenta contorne o perfil da peça, uma vez que o operador envia um sinal de partida. Uma possível configuração de máquina para alcançar esta estratégia é apresentada. E consiste de uma mesa XY servo controlada, adaptada a uma furadeira de bancada, onde operador comanda o movimento da mesa mediante um joystick. Através de ensaios de usinagem, o trabalho demonstra a eficácia da estratégia proposta.<br>Present project aims the development of a machine tool prototype for attend the manufacturing of small lots (10~20 pieces), This machine will have characteristics intermediate between the universal and the numerical control (CN) machines. The desired machine conjugates the functional advantages of both types of machines: high efficiency and flexibility. The machine, thus designed, will have a manual operation (the tool path is defined by the operator), and its positioning will be servoassisted. Here, \"to develop\" includes: a) to propose a machining strategy; b) to propose an arrangement of machine that works according to this strategy; c) to develop a prototype and; d) to validate the strategy and the arrangement through tests with the prototype. The positioning strategy, is based on a manual positioning, i.e., the operator defines freely the motion of the tool with respect to the work piece. However, a computer monitores constantly the tool position, not permitting the entrance of it inside the area, here called \"prohibited region\", corresponding to the profile of the part to be machined. Outside that region, the computer enables operator to move the tool as he wants. The prohibited region is defined directly from a CAD draft, eliminating the necessity of any kind of computer tools for generating automatically the tool path. Thus, the operator executes the rough machining. The finishing path is executed automatically by the computer that makes the tool contour the profile of the part, according to the start-up command given by the operator. In the work, one possible arrangement of machine to achieve this strategy is presented. It consists of servo controlled XY table and adjusted to a bench drill in which, the operator commands the table motion by means a joy-stick. By machining tests, this work shows the efficiency of the proposed strategy.
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Білий, Василь Васильович, та Vasyl Biluy. "Дослідження затиску і позиціювання деталі на багато різцевому токарно-копіювальному напівавтоматі для підвищення точності обробки". Master's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, 2018. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/24256.
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Білий В.В.; " Дослідження затиску і позиціювання деталі на багато різцевому токарно – копіювальному напівавтоматі для підвищення точності обробки ". 133 – Галузеве машинобудування; Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя; м. Тернопіль, 2018 р.<br>Biluy V.V.; " Study of work piece gripping and positioning on multi cutters copying semiautomatic lathe to increase the accuracy of machining " 133 - Industrial machinery engineering; Ternopil Ivan Pul'uj National Technical University; Ternopil, 2018.<br>У дипломній роботі розглянуті питання, які пов'язані з аналізом технологічного процесу механічної обробки деталі, дослідженням комплексу формотворних рухів та розробкою компонувальних схем верстата для їх повного або часткового забезпечення. Реалізовано проектний розрахунок та розробку окремих вузлів верстата. Проведено автоматизований розрахунок шпиндельної бабки. Проведено аналіз напружено-деформованого стану спеціального токарного патрона, на основі чого розроблено нову конструкцію спеціального затискного патрону з можливістю забезпечення точності базування і позиціювання деталей типу «гнута вісь» на верстаті, що дасть змогу забезпечити відповідну точність.<br>The dissertation deals with issues related to the analysis of the technological process of machining the part, the study of the complex forming forces and the development of the layout diagrams of the machine for their full or partial maintenance. Project design and development of individual machine parts is implemented. The automated calculation of the spindle shaft is carried out. The analysis of the stress-strain state of a special lathe cartridge has been carried out, on the basis of which a new design of a special clamping cartridge has been developed with the ability to ensure the accuracy of the base and positioning of the details of the "bent axle" on the machine, which will enable to provide the appropriate accuracy.<br>Вступ, Аналіз завдання, Технологічна частина, Спеціальна частина, Науково-дослідна частина, Обґрунтування економічної ефективності; Охорона праці та безпека в надзвичайних ситуаціях; Екологія; Висновки
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Kubálek, Petr. "Konstrukční návrh lineární osy pro těžký obráběcí stroj." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417574.
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This diploma thesis deals with the design of the linear axis of a heavy machine tool. It describes the basic specifications of these machines, their manufacturers, the parts of which the axis consists and the design itself. The design includes several design variants, calculation of the movement mechanism, drive and linear guide. Follows the selection of the most suitable variant and the drawing documentation of the resulting linear axis.
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Berrios-Ayala, Mark. "Brave New World Reloaded: Advocating for Basic Constitutional Search Protections to Apply to Cell Phones from Eavesdropping and Tracking by Government and Corporate Entities." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1547.
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Imagine a world where someone’s personal information is constantly compromised, where federal government entities AKA Big Brother always knows what anyone is Googling, who an individual is texting, and their emoticons on Twitter. Government entities have been doing this for years; they never cared if they were breaking the law or their moral compass of
human dignity. Every day the Federal government blatantly siphons data with programs from the original ECHELON to the new series like PRISM and Xkeyscore so they can keep their tabs on issues that are none of their business; namely, the personal lives of millions. Our allies are taking note; some are learning our bad habits, from Government Communications Headquarters’ (GCHQ) mass shadowing sharing plan to America’s Russian inspiration, SORM. Some countries are following the United States’ poster child pose of a Brave New World like order of global events. Others like Germany are showing their resolve in their disdain for the rise of tyranny. Soon, these new found surveillance troubles will test the resolve of the American Constitution and its nation’s strong love and tradition of liberty. Courts are currently at work to resolve how current concepts of liberty and privacy apply to the current conditions facing the privacy of society. It remains to be determined how liberty will be affected as well; liberty for the United States of America, for the European Union, the Russian Federation and for the people of the World in regards to the extent of privacy in today’s blurred privacy expectations.<br>B.S.<br>Bachelors<br>Health and Public Affairs<br>Legal Studies
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Sung, Richard, and 宋孟沛. "Positioning Error Compensation for Hexapod Machine Tools." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52195298398599065559.
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Chuang, Wen-Yen, and 莊汶諺. "Development of a Vision-Assisted Positioning System for CNC Machine Tools." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17090482571435514092.
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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>動力機械工程學系<br>100<br>A vision-assisted positioning system is developed in this study. This vision-assisted positioning system is integrated in a PC-Based CNC controller. With the help of this system, the image of a workpiece on the work table is captured by a CCD camera, and the location of the positioning mark in machine coordinates is calculated. With these data, the translational and rotational relationship between workpiece coordinates and machine coordinates are established and returned to the coordinate management unit in the CNC control system. The actual deviations of the workpiece mounting location are compensated so that the CNC machine tools can perform the motion control and cut the workpiece with NC codes defined in workpiece coordinates.
First, the working principle of the machine vision hardware has been researched to find the way and rules for selecting optimal components including camera, lens and lighting system. Different image processing methods are developed to analysis the captured mark and the accuracy of these methods are compared. In the end, a novel high accuracy method, the full-form grey function integration method, for the cross mark is used and integrated in a PC-Based CNC controller. The accuracy of the developed vision-assisted positioning system is successfully tested on a machine tool. The pixel resolution of the selected CCD camera is 40μm. The achieved average accuracy is -0.1836μm, repeatability for three standard deviations of the mark positioning is ±0.2694μm, which is about 1/70 pixel。
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LIN, CHIH-CHUN, and 林志俊. "Improvement of an On-Machine Tool Positioning System and Volumetric Error Measurement and Compensation for Micro Machine Tools." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00520319902658397273.
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碩士<br>中原大學<br>機械工程研究所<br>97<br>Non-MEMS micro machining technology has been regarded as one of the key technologies for the development of precision industry. However, difficulties in positioiung the micro cutter and in measuring the volumetric errors of a micro machine tool restrict the implementation of this technology to industry. An on-mahcine error measurement and compensation system that can accurately position a micro tool and meausure/compensate volumretric errors of a mcro machine tool was developed in this study. Sensitivity analysis was also adopted to analyze the influences of major error sources on the measurement accuracy. With using 3 COMSs, Power Law Method, Canny Edge Metho, and image projection method were adopted to develop the function of micro tool positioning. The initial positioning error of a micro tool can be inspected by the system and compensated through executing a NC program generated by the NC-code writing unit. With Canny Edge Method, Homogeneous Transformation Method, Element Free method, and use of the resolution targets, the volumetric error measurement method was developed and used to measure the volumetric errors at nodal points for Element Free Method. With integration of Element Free Method, the recursive error compensation algorithm, and the NC-code identifying and writing unit, the machining trajectory errors can be predicted and compensated. Experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the developed system. The experimental have shown that the system can effectively improve the maching accuracy of a micro machine tool.
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Chung, Chia-You, and 鐘嘉祐. "The Study of a System for On-Machine Tool Positioning and Machining Abnormality Inspection for Micro Machine Tools." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41038208802267283473.
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碩士<br>中原大學<br>機械工程研究所<br>96<br>The development of Non-MEMS micro manufacturing technology has been the trend for modern industries. Precisely positioning the micro tool is still the bottle neck of implementation of micro milling process. In this study, a new method using machine vision technology was developed for identify the position error of a micro cutter. Based on the method, an on-machine tool positioning system that can identify the 3-D position errors of a micro tool and automatically compensate the errors for micro machining was developed. Through employing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and calculating two surface grey-level-value indexes, another vision-based measurement method was developed to diagnose the dynamic stability of a micro machining process. The major frequency measured from FFT was used to identity the actual chip load of the cutting. The two surface grey-level-value indexes including abnormal gray-level index and abnormal gray-level ratio were used to evaluate the smoothness of machined surface which is influenced by the stability of the cutting. Separate experiments were conducted to verify the two developed methods. The experimental results have shown that the micro cutter can be accurately positioned by the tool positioning system. The stability diagnosis system can successfully detect the chip load of micro milling. However, the capability of stability diagnosis was sill not very reliable. Further study is needed to improve the method.
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Lin, Chen-Yu, and 林辰育. "Study of the Parallel Precision Positioning Platform in Five-axis Machine Tools Design." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82052275435851721328.
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碩士<br>大葉大學<br>機械與自動化工程學系<br>101<br>Many manufacturers have demands for high precision and complicated 3D geometry in recent years. The machined pieces must meet the requirement of a machine tool that completes all or part of the work pieceswith minimal number of clamping operations. For this, multi-axial structure has become the tendency of precision machining. The rotary axis in a common 5-axis machine tool is driven by a single motor that holds the platform for the axial rotation. However, with different weights of work pieces and the motor loaded, the rotating speed should be in reverse proportion to the weight. As a result, the axis-to-axis synchronization is poor, resulting in dramatic decrease in machining precision. Therefore, a 2PRP planar parallel platform is designed by connecting the two PRP connectors and moving table with a round bar. Themotor drives ball screws and propels the PRP connectors. The two parallel ball screws acquire both effects onmovement or rotation by generating different displacements of these two connectors. Thus the simulation of the rotating table on a 5-axis machine tool is achieved.
A planar parallel platform is designed to required specifications. Detailed design of structure is performed. Calculations are conducted to select suitable crossed roller bearings, ball screws, linear guideways and other key components to meet precision requirements. For the selection of machining process, suppliers are sought out to satisfy the demands for costs and delivery deadlines. Parts and components to be machined are scrutinized for tolerance based on design drawings. After measurement, parts and components are placedin warehouse by categories. Standard assembly procedures and machine checklists are established to facilitate the assembly based on standard procedures and ensure the errors accumulated from allowable tolerance within control. The laser interferometer is used for positioning compensationand ball-bar test for roundness in order to meet the requirement of synchronic interpolation error.
The planar parallel platform is used mostly for the positioning in semiconductor manufacturing process rather than in precision machining with machine tools. The special way proposed in this study is to apply the planar parallel platform in machine tools to establish the position vs. orientation relationship regarding the coordinate systems of machining piece and cutter. This type of machine does not have a post-processor, and therefore a dedicated post-processor is designed based on the screw theory. Finally D-H modified notation is introduced for coordinate conversion program. CC path is converted to CL path to produce NC Code of machining. NC Code is imported into the control for machining and the precision of finished products is measured to make sure that the requirements of dimension in the design are met.
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Wang, Chung-Chi, and 王忠吉. "Built-in Automatic Calibration System for Positioning Accuracy of Three-Axis CNC Machine Tools." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73888236774736186935.
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碩士<br>中原大學<br>光機電及資電控產業研發碩士專班<br>96<br>Laser measurement system and ball-bar measurement system are widely used in industry for machine accuracy calibration. Considering the cost and calibration efficiency, a new method integrating use of linear scale, LCD monitor, decoding/encoding technology, and 8051 chip is proposed in this study. The accuracy calibration program embedded in chip extracts and compares the readout of linear scale can directly perform the calibration without setting up an extra instrument. The method can be used for single axis positioning accuracy calibration and two-axis contouring accuracy calibration. The method can be used on a daily-base to ensure the machine is always in accurate condition.
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Soares, Bruno Sousa Moreira Morais. "Roadmap of promotion and communication strategy : development and implementation of a promotion and communication strategy for the Portuguese BIM Consulting Company InBIM." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/25625.
Full textAbstract:
InBIM is a BIM consulting start-up, which is still at the seeding stages and still doesn’t have any clients. This way, it still doesn’t have a clear strategy to communicate and promote their service to the market, neither their target segments defined. Therefore, it seeks to develop a customized strategy to communicate and promote their service to their potential customers and to gain exposure in the AEC industry.
The current thesis provides a detailed study of the process of developing a marketing communication and promotion strategy. An analysis of the AEC industry helped defining InBIM’s target segments as the architects, the engineers, the contractors and the owners, as well as understanding the characteristics of each target. According to the literature on marketing communications strategies, the first three steps are choosing the targets, determining the communication objectives and selecting cost-effective communication channels. However, the type of product market, the life-cycle stage that the service encounters itself in and the buyer-readiness stage will affect the selection of the communication channels.
Therefore, three main strategies were developed, one for the architects, other for engineers and contractors, and one for the owners. Further recommendations about the communication objectives and the most cost-effective communication and promotion channels and tools to be used in each strategy by InBIM were defined.<br>InBIM é uma start-up de consultoria BIM, que ainda se encontra na fase inicial do negócio e ainda não possui nenhum cliente. Desta forma, ainda não possui uma estratégia clara de comunicação e promoção da empresa e do seu serviço ao mercado, nem possui os seus segmentos-alvo bem definidos. Por isso, procura desenvolver uma estratégia personalizada para comunicar e promover a empresa e o seu serviço aos seus potenciais clientes e ganhar exposição no setor da AEC.
A presente tese fornece um estudo detalhado do processo de desenvolvimento de uma estratégia de marketing de comunicação e promoção. Uma análise do setor da AEC ajudou a definir os segmentos-alvo da InBIM como arquitetos, engenheiros, empreiteiros e proprietários, além de compreender as características de cada cliente alvo. De acordo com a literatura sobre estratégias de marketing de comunicação, os três primeiros passos são escolher os clientes alvo, determinar os objetivos de comunicação e selecionar canais de comunicação económicos e eficientes. No entanto, o tipo de mercado do produto, a fase do ciclo de vida em que o serviço se encontra e a fase de disponibilidade para comprar do comprador afetarão a seleção dos canais de comunicação.
Portanto, três estratégias principais foram desenvolvidas, uma para os arquitetos, outra para engenheiros e empreiteiros e outra para os proprietários. Recomendações adicionais sobre os objetivos de comunicação e os canais e ferramentas de comunicação e promoção mais eficazes e económicas a serem utilizados em cada estratégia pelo InBIM foram definidos.
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Wang, Yi-Shen, and 王義勝. "Developing a Spatial Positioning Tool for Augmented Reality Applications." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53975918016708004084.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>工業工程與管理系碩士班<br>95<br>In augmented reality (AR), images from simulations and of the substantial background are synthesized to construct an imaginary theme, so that advanced reality functions can be planed with direct perception via virtual simulations. It is essential to adapt the important features of the virtual scene to the reality so that the image fusions are sensible. Current input devices of most AR applications are 2D mouse and keyboard. These devices have their structural limitations and are not suitable for users who practice intuitive hand motions for 3D spatial design. Devices like 3D mouse are excellent in 3D navigation for browsing, but are not convenient in 3D positioning for not directly or even analogously connected to upper arm or wrist motions. Advanced motion tracking devices, such as the 3D data gloves, are elegant in practice but are too expensive for which must associate with certain complex spatial positioning attachments and command gestures to function. Most of all, none of the mentioned devices make use of the reality scenes to facilitate 3D spatial design. Therefore, this research attempts to develop a spatial positioning tool that will associate direct and intuitive hand motions with functional symbols for 3D spatial design. Users may operate a simple hand-held tool with intuitive motions to accomplish works of professional. Besides, the precision of the works can also be enhanced by software algorithm.
In practice, workflows that handle 3D points, edges, and facets are developed to assist the construction of the 3D objects. A simple hand-held tool is also designed to manipulate the creation of objects.
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Zhang, Xiaoli. "Design and development of portable tool positioning robot for telesurgery." 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1828470671&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=14215&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2009.<br>Title from title screen (site viewed July 8, 2010). PDF text: xii, 156 p. : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 6 Mb. UMI publication number: AAT 3366042. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.
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Wang, Shih-Hao, and 王世豪. "The study of tool positioning in the robotic neurosurgery system." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93229438192764282084.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>龍華科技大學<br>工程技術研究所<br>95<br>In this paper, the methodology for guiding the surgical tool in robot-assisted
neurosurgery system, based on the characteristic point and the faceted surface
registration supported by a laser surface scanner, is reported. Tool targeting process in
this method only requires the image-to-patient registration, in which an automated laser
surface scanner is used to unitize the spaces of patient and robot. The total registration
process optimally searches those parameters in rigid-body transformation matrix until
the sum of squared normal deviation is minimized. Considering the massive points in
the registration task would overwhelm the computer resource, the characteristic point
such as the nose-tip and the mouth-corners, are first picked up for rought mapping. Next
the suitable sample size to represent the entire population is extracted statistically from
image space to map to the faceted surface. In this research the coordinates consistency
between the patient(laser) space and the robot space is also discussed. Quality of the
image-to-patient registration is reported, then the positioning accuracy for guiding the
surgical tool is also estimated. The results of 37 experiments show that the registration
is 0.5mm of mean error with 0.22mm standard deviation, and those for tool
positioning are 1.8mm and 0.17mm. It can be found that the proposed tool positioning
procedure is valid for robot-assisted neurosurgery system.
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Jiang, Cheng-Da, and 姜呈達. "Sensors Integration of the Positioning of a Minimally Invasive Surgical Tool." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99388361497195694644.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>機械工程系<br>104<br>Minimally invasive surgery is quite popular in modern medical treatments, the advantage includes small wound and fast recovery. It also has the possible to reduce the unnecessary use of medical resources and improve the efficiency of the medical system. In this thesis, we focus on the pedicle screws surgery. Currently, tracking the tip of the tool is accomplished by mounting the reflective balls on the tool and using infrared sensor, and the outputs include the position and attitude of the tool based on the reflective images. However, if the viewing of the reflective balls is obstructed, the sensor fails to get the position and attitude information. This thesis explores the possibility of using the inertial measurement unit to compensate the infrared sensor during theperiod when the reflective balls are not visible to the IR camera. The simulation of a 2D motion has been performed to investigate the improvement by bias estimation. The experiments are subsequently conducted to confirm the effect of bias estimation. In this work, the infrared sensor made by NDI and the IMU made by MEMSIC are used. Both static and dynamic experiments are conducted. Since the realistic applications of the proposed method involve sophisticated signals processing and coordinate transformation, which partly hindered the performance of the algorithm. The factors that affecting the accuracy of the estimations are discussed.
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CHEN, YING-SHEN, and 陳映伸. "A Study of Machine Tool in Axial Positioning Accuracy by Taguchi Method." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39706940267036225479.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>材料與製造工程所<br>97<br>Feeding system of machine tool is significant on machining accuracy and efficiency. In recent year, the pursuing target of most machine factories is to increase the feed speed, reduce thermal deformation and enhance position accuracy. To study the components of feeding system could be an approach to fasten the new machine development and cost control.
The essay evaluates the accuracy of the feeding components, including ball screw, ball screw pretension, bearing preload, tapered pin torque, lubricating pump frequency and ball screw assembly. The Taguchi method was adopted to prove the experimental results. We study the characteristics, structure, and operation theory of the feeding components, and estimate the optimal factor which affects axial positioning accuracy. It is coincidence between the measurement and calculation by Taguchi method. The result shows that lubricating pump frequency and tapered pin torque are the two key factors to determine accuracy. To optimize the two factors, the variation on quality characteristics can be improved 13% , and 0.028mm on axial accuracy can be improved.
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Zeng, Yi Wei, and 曾奕瑋. "The study of servo parameter of CNC machine tool in accurate positioning." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48215713969787645509.
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Hsu, Fu-Ting, and 徐富庭. "Optimal Tolerance Allocation for Positioning Mechanism of A Machine Tool Rotary Table." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64200807708218637245.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>機械工程學系所<br>102<br>Machinery industry usually install the APC(Automatic Pallet Changing) to improve the utilization of machine tools. The tolerance of table positioning mechanism is deeply related to the accuracy and reliability of the machine. Therefore, tolerance setting and adjustment for positioning mechanism components is an important issue to be investigated. This paper investigates on developing the optimal tolerance allocation method of the Rotary table positioning mechanism which accuracy is not enough. The method is considering the load of table, deformation, Assembly error and product processing cost at the same time.
This research is for the table positioning mechanism which accuracy is not enough. The first step is calculating the table positioning mechanism assembly variation of each axial by tolerance analysis. Table loading deformation analyze by Finite Element Method. According to the deformation of table positioning mechanism construct a mathematical model of the table flatness changes. The product processing cost is objective function. Variation of each axial and mathematical model of the table flatness changes are constraints. According to objective function and constraints, the Optimal Tolerance Allocation problem can be a constrained optimum design problem to solve. The results showed that increase in the cost of 19.05% (NT $ 8270), the table flatness can be improved 56.2%, the variance of each axis drop 50%. The main contribution of this research is developing method of Optimal Tolerance Allocation which consider the load of table, deformation, Assembly error and product processing cost at the same time. The method can increase Flatness and assembly precision without too much product processing cost.
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Chu, Hsing-Yu, and 朱星有. "Development of Measurement System of Positioning Accuracy for Five-Axis Tool Grinders." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wjqr2d.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立虎尾科技大學<br>機械與電腦輔助工程系碩士班<br>101<br>The tool accuracy is also a critical issue for determining the geometrical profiles, cutting performance, and tool life. It is important of positioning accuracy and synchronous accuracy measurement for five axis tool grinder various axes. But the market special-purpose measurement system is too expensive. Therefore, this research of the development is a low costs measurement system of five axis tool grinder each axis. It can be promoted that the performance of tool grinder and the precision and quality.
The developed of measurement system of Accuracy can be utilized for the inspection of linear axis and rotary axis and the simultaneous inspection of dual axes. The major components include the self-developed mechanical fixtures, the data acquisition system and HMI formation etc. The measurement for compensation for the axial positioning accuracy can be provides. The measurement system can measure the linear X, Y and Z axes, rotary C axis and X-C, Y-C of inspection with dual axes.
The results show that the repeatability will be differenced to 0.7μm and 1.188〞 for RENISHAW system comparison linear and rotary axis measurement system.
The positioning accuracy compensation in ±2μm and ±0.006 degree of linear and rotary axis. And the ball tool of radius precision standard deviation will be 0.0047 improved to 0.0024. On the other the gauging angle of simultaneous inspection of dual axes precision standard deviation will be 0.0826 improved to 0.0041. The developed of measurement system for fabrication inspection and compensation of linear and rotary axes in a five-axis tool grinder.
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Jhuang, Bo-Yi, and 莊柏毅. "Automatic compensation for calibration errors of the linear positioning in the machine tool." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ug34ka.
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碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>機械工程系<br>105<br>With the vigorous development of laser interferometry, the related applications have been implemented in the industry. Laser interferometers are commonly employed in the machine tool industry for the correlated inspections. Due to the manual operation, it may cause the personal errors and inefficiencies. Hence how to reduce the personal errors and improve the efficiencies become the important goal.
In this study, an automatic compensation system of the positioning error for the linear axes in machine tool is proposed. The laser interferometer, the self-developed measurement program and the Ethernet interface are linked to the controller for the automatic compensation. It has the advantages of high transmission rate, simple operation, avoiding the manual recording errors and improving the testing efficiency.
In order to verify the performance of the system, the square column is milled by the compensated positioning, and the effect of compensation can be observed by the commercial instruments. The analytic results show that the dimension error on the side X is reduced to 33 μm, the accuracy can reach to 9 μm；the dimension error on the side Y is improved to 26 μm, the accuracy can reach to 10 μm；the dimension error on the side Z can be minimized to 12 μm, the accuracy can reach to 14 μm. By automatic compensation system proposed in this investigation, the accuracy of the machine is improved and the dimension error of the processed production is reduced to meet the demands of industries.
Keywords: laser interferometer、linear positioning error、automatic compensation、milling verification
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Kao, Chin-I., and 高進鎰. "Tool positioning in robot-assisted neurosurgery system based on the surface registration method." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57836781052081863477.
Full textAbstract:
博士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>機械工程系<br>95<br>In this paper, the methodology for guiding the surgical tool in robot-assisted neurosurgery system, based on the faceted surface registration supported by a laser surface scanner, is reported. Tool targeting process in this method only requires the image-to-patient registration, in which an automated laser surface scanner is used to unitize the spaces of patient and robot. The image-to-patient registration searches those parameters in rigid-body transformation matrix iteratively, until the sum of squared normal deviation is minimized. Considering that mapping the massive points in the registration task would overwhelm the computer resource, there is only a suitable sample size to represent the entire population is statistically extracted from image space to map to the faceted surface. A rubber-made head phantom is used for evaluating the registration and positioning. Quality of the image-to-patient registration is first reported. Next, positioning accuracy for guiding the surgical tool is evaluated as well. It shows the registration quality with 0.6mm of mean error based on the experiment results, and with the mean error of 1.8mm for tool positioning.
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Liu, Yu-Chi, and 劉又齊. "Development of a non-contact measurement system for precision positioning in tool exchange process and for tool wear monitoring." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54052575665885337760.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>淡江大學<br>機械與機電工程學系碩士班<br>98<br>Diamond cutting tools have been widely used in ultra-precision
machining of precision components/molds where superb surface finish
and tight form accuracy are the basic requirements. Although diamond
has the highest hardness of known materials, it’s only the matter of time
the well-defined sharp cutting edge of diamond tool will gradually wear
down during the machining process. The wear induced profile error often
makes the outcome of machining rather unpredictable. Tool setting and
tool shape monitoring are therefore playing critical roles in ensuring high
product form accuracy. An effective and precise tool setting/profile
monitoring technique are essential in ultra-precision machining operation.
In the present study, a non-contact monitoring system together with
sub-pixel image processing technique was employed to in-situ monitor
tool profile. The results showed that the achievable accuracy of this
system strongly depended on the amount of frames, quality of the images
and the sub-pixel analysis technique. A tool setting accuracy of ±0.2μm
was successfully achieved in this study using the developed system.
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Parnian, Neda. "Integration of Local Positioning System & Strapdown Inertial Navigation System for Hand-Held Tool Tracking." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4043.
Full textAbstract:
This research concerns the development of a smart sensory system for tracking a hand-held moving device to millimeter accuracy, for slow or nearly static applications over extended periods of time. Since different operators in different applications may use the system, the proposed design should provide the accurate position, orientation, and velocity of the object without relying on the knowledge of its operation and environment, and based purely on the motion that the object experiences. This thesis proposes the design of the integration a low-cost Local Positioning System (LPS) and a low-cost StrapDown Inertial Navigation System (SDINS) with the association of the modified EKF to determine 3D position and 3D orientation of a hand-held tool within a required accuracy.
A hybrid LPS/SDINS combines and complements the best features of two different navigation systems, providing a unique solution to track and localize a moving object more precisely. SDINS provides continuous estimates of all components of a motion, but SDINS loses its accuracy over time because of inertial sensors drift and inherent noise. LPS has the advantage that it can possibly get absolute position and velocity independent of operation time; however, it is not highly robust, is computationally quite expensive, and exhibits low measurement rate.
This research consists of three major parts: developing a multi-camera vision system as a reliable and cost-effective LPS, developing a SDINS for a hand-held tool, and developing a Kalman filter for sensor fusion.
Developing the multi-camera vision system includes mounting the cameras around the workspace, calibrating the cameras, capturing images, applying image processing algorithms and features extraction for every single frame from each camera, and estimating the 3D position from 2D images.
In this research, the specific configuration for setting up the multi-camera vision system is proposed to reduce the loss of line of sight as much as possible. The number of cameras, the position of the cameras with respect to each other, and the position and the orientation of the cameras with respect to the center of the world coordinate system are the crucial characteristics in this configuration. The proposed multi-camera vision system is implemented by employing four CCD cameras which are fixed in the navigation frame and their lenses placed on semicircle. All cameras are connected to a PC through the frame grabber, which includes four parallel video channels and is able to capture images from four cameras simultaneously.
As a result of this arrangement, a wide circular field of view is initiated with less loss of line-of-sight. However, the calibration is more difficult than a monocular or stereo vision system. The calibration of the multi-camera vision system includes the precise camera modeling, single camera calibration for each camera, stereo camera calibration for each two neighboring cameras, defining a unique world coordinate system, and finding the transformation from each camera frame to the world coordinate system.
Aside from the calibration procedure, digital image processing is required to be applied into the images captured by all four cameras in order to localize the tool tip. In this research, the digital image processing includes image enhancement, edge detection, boundary detection, and morphologic operations. After detecting the tool tip in each image captured by each camera, triangulation procedure and optimization algorithm are applied in order to find its 3D position with respect to the known navigation frame.
In the SDINS, inertial sensors are mounted rigidly and directly to the body of the tracking object and the inertial measurements are transformed computationally to the known navigation frame. Usually, three gyros and three accelerometers, or a three-axis gyro and a three-axis accelerometer are used for implementing SDINS. The inertial sensors are typically integrated in an inertial measurement unit (IMU). IMUs commonly suffer from bias drift, scale-factor error owing to non-linearity and temperature changes, and misalignment as a result of minor manufacturing defects. Since all these errors lead to SDINS drift in position and orientation, a precise calibration procedure is required to compensate for these errors.
The precision of the SDINS depends not only on the accuracy of calibration parameters but also on the common motion-dependent errors. The common motion-dependent errors refer to the errors caused by vibration, coning motion, sculling, and rotational motion. Since inertial sensors provide the full range of heading changes, turn rates, and applied forces that the object is experiencing along its movement, accurate 3D kinematics equations are developed to compensate for the common motion-dependent errors. Therefore, finding the complete knowledge of the motion and orientation of the tool tip requires significant computational complexity and challenges relating to resolution of specific forces, attitude computation, gravity compensation, and corrections for common motion-dependent errors.
The Kalman filter technique is a powerful method for improving the output estimation and reducing the effect of the sensor drift. In this research, the modified EKF is proposed to reduce the error of position estimation. The proposed multi-camera vision system data with cooperation of the modified EKF assists the SDINS to deal with the drift problem. This configuration guarantees the real-time position and orientation tracking of the instrument. As a result of the proposed Kalman filter, the effect of the gravitational force in the state-space model will be removed and the error which results from inaccurate gravitational force is eliminated. In addition, the resulting position is smooth and ripple-free.
The experimental results of the hybrid vision/SDINS design show that the position error of the tool tip in all directions is about one millimeter RMS. If the sampling rate of the vision system decreases from 20 fps to 5 fps, the errors are still acceptable for many applications.
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金繼昌. "A Study of Positioning Accuracy in CNC Machine Tool-- Setting Servo Parameter of Controller with Taguchi Method." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93590627614106964230.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>機械工程研究所<br>83<br>Facing the progressing technology of high-speed and high-precision machining techniques, the basic requirements in 2-D and 3-D CNC machine tools are promoting the positioning accuracy of axial transmission system.
To get mutual matching and promoting the positioning accurary in mechanical and electronic systems, the article adopts Taichung Machinery Work Co. Vcenter-65 machining center that assorted FANUC advanced control-compensation techniques with focusing on adjusting the characteristics of the servo system that under the condition of unchanging existing mechianical system. In the meantime, the circular testing experiment for the best servo prameters of the controller were planned by using the Taguchi method.
This article also adopts the Taguchi method to find out the effect of the accuracy of circular tests that is caused by each factor working under the changing condition of other factors. It, meanwhile, to find out the important effective factors, choose the best level combination to improve the machine contouring accurary as well.
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Meng-Han, Yang, and 楊孟翰. "Study on the Effect of Embedded Cooling Channel Structure on the Positioning Accuracy of Machine Tool Base." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/htr67c.
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碩士<br>國立勤益科技大學<br>冷凍空調系<br>105<br>The thermal error is the most important error source of ultraprecision machine tools, and the thermal deformation resulted from temperature rise during cutting processing sometimes degrades the machining precision and quality. The thermal deformation results in 40% to 70% of the errors in the machining of machine tools. As it is difficult to avoid heat production in the operation of machine tools or in the cutting processing, how to predict the temperature change of machine tool to design effective thermal management measures is an important task for developing ultraprecision machine tools.
In this study, the thermal deformation is analyzed for the main cast iron and carbon steel materials of machine tools, and the embedded cooling runner is used for heat exchange cooling of the heat generated in the dynamic feeding process of machine tool, so as to suppress the thermal error. The optimum cooling runner and cooling conditions are simulated by using finite volume method, combined with cooling machine to suppress the heat for the linear motor feed system, so as to increase the positioning accuracy of feed system. According to the simulation results, the lower the cooling oil temperature in the embedded cooling runner is, the more heating value of slide rail is taken away, and the average temperature of slide rail is reduced, so that the thermal deformation decreases. The experiment shows based on the thermal suppression of embedded cooling runner, when the hydrostatic slide rail cooling is turned off for dynamic feed, the positioning accuracy of feed system is improved by about 25.5%. When the hydrostatic slide rail cooling is turned on for dynamic feed, the positioning accuracy is improved by at most 36.4%. However, the optimum positioning accuracy does not occur at the minimum cooling oil temperature. This phenomenon means higher cooling capacity does not lead to better positioning accuracy. In terms of simulation, the lower the temperature is, the less the thermal deformation is, but if the cooling capacity approaches to the heat flux of machine in actual machining, there will be steadier performance in the positioning accuracy of machine tool.
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Lin, Hsing-Yueh, and 林行約. "A Study on the Product Architectural Positioning Strategy of Component Manufacturers －The cases of the Taiwan’s Machine Tool Industry." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01906878019830075797.
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碩士<br>東海大學<br>工業工程與經營資訊學系<br>98<br>Companies in the 20th century are characterized by facing rapidly changing environment and searching for new product development concept to obtain competitive advantages. Therefore, it has brought great concern on the issues of new product development recent years. Under the vertical integrating model, companies could barely deal with the issue of 「product complexity, diversity and customization」 and other issues, and they are forcing to move increasingly toward the vertical division of labor.
In this paper, we used the concept from Fujimoto (2004) about that the component manufacturers can adopt four「product architectural positioning strategy」as our analytical framework. By choosing machine tool components manufacturers in Taiwan for case study, and according to the product architecture of first-order component manufacturers and the assembler, this research established a measurement method of product architecture, which integrates subjective and objective measures and the DSM method to determine the product architectural positioning strategy of component manufacturers, and to explore the dynamical change process and factors on product architecture.
The empirical results showed that different types of components manufacturers in Taiwan’s machine tool industry will adopt different structure positioning strategies. However, due to the characteristics of Taiwan’s machine tool industry, the relationship between component manufacturers and assemblers exist a common phenomenon of module product architecture design. In addition, the mechanism of market-pull would drive the performance of technology-push, and thus affect the product architectural positioning strategies as well as dynamic changes of component manufacturers.