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Journal articles on the topic 'Positive aspects of caregiving'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Tarlow, Barbara J., Stephen R. Wisniewski, Steven H. Belle, Mark Rubert, Marcia G. Ory, and Dolores Gallagher-Thompson. "Positive Aspects of Caregiving." Research on Aging 26, no. 4 (2004): 429–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027504264493.

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Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Saharnaz Nedjat, Maryam Noroozian, Yahya Salimi, and Reza Majdzadeh. "Positive Aspects of Caregiving Questionnaire." Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 30, no. 2 (2017): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891988716686831.

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Objective: The potential role of positive aspects of caregiving in enhancing caregivers’ health is an important issue. The aim of this study was to develop and validate Positive Aspects of Caregiving Questionnaire (PACQ) in caregivers of patients with dementia in Iran. Methods: Content validation process was used to content valid development. Cronbach α and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated as reliability indices. We used exploratory factor analysis to extract potential latent factors and evaluate the factor structure of PACQ. We assess correlation between PACQ and caregiver burden for divergent validity. For convergent validity, correlation between PACQ and self-rated health was specified. Results: Content validity indices (CVIs), internal consistency, and test–retest reliability were CVI > 0.80, α = 0.785, and ICC = 0.905, respectively. Moreover, item–total correlations confirmed good reliability of PACQ. Two factors were identified by factor analysis in this 10-item measure: patient and caregiver relationship and caregiver’s psychological well-being. Divergent validity and convergent validity were established by high negative correlation between positive aspect of caregiving (PAC) and caregiver burden along with significant positive correlation between PAC and self-rated health, respectively. While Cronbach α for the entire scale was 0.785, Cronbach αs for both of the scale components were 0.71. Conclusion: The PACQ demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties of reliability and performs well in preliminary tests of validity as a measure of positive aspects of caregiving. This measure can be used to determine the outcome of interventional programs on positive, not only negative, aspect of caregiving.

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Lee, Yeonjung, and Lun Li. "Promoting the Positive Experience of Caregiving: A Systematic Review of the Positive Aspects of Caregiving Scale." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.107.

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Abstract While caregivers endure considerable challenges, including potentially deleterious effects on their own well-being, the possibility of positive outcomes for caregivers, such as feeling rewarded and satisfied, has been recognized in scholarly research as well. Caregiving outcomes can be complicated by different aspects of caregiving experiences. Particularly, the Positive Aspect of Caregiving (PAC) scale covers four main positive aspects including caregiving personal gains, motivation for caregiving role, caregiver satisfaction, as well as self-esteem and social aspect of caring. The objective of this study is to summarize the research findings based on the PAC scale and further improve the understanding of the positive experience perceived by caregivers. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify the existing evidences. This systematic review identified empirical research studies written in English focusing on a PAC scale that were published in a peer-reviewed journal between 2004 and 2018. Systematic search was carried out within 10 databases. After careful review of 193 abstracts yielded from the databases, 38 journal articles were identified to have used the PAC scale. Analysis of the selected literature provides four themes that how PAC has been used. The themes are to measure caregiving outcomes, test the effect of caregiver program intervention, complement other caregiving outcome scales, and test the validity in other languages and countries. This systematic review highlights the importance of taking into account of the positive experience of caregiving and further to promote it in a way of buffering the negative outcomes of caregiving.

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Asirot, Mary Grace, Anna Papazyan, and Yeonsu Song. "Positive Aspects of Caregiving Among Family Caregivers of Individuals With Dementia." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 358–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1153.

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Abstract Traditionally, caregiving for individuals with dementia has been viewed as a negative experience. Understanding positive aspect of caregiving and related factors is important to improve health among family caregivers. We analyzed baseline data from an ongoing dyadic sleep education trial for individuals with dementia and their caregivers (N=21 dyads; mean age 70.8± 11.1 for caregivers, 80.5± 8.3 for care-recipients). The Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC 9-item) was used to assess subjective satisfaction with caregiving. Other measures included Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), SF-12 Health Survey (SF-12v2), Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Pearson correlations and t-tests were calculated for analyses. Caregivers most frequently endorsed that caregiving enabled them to appreciate life more (n=16 agreed a lot). Caregivers who began providing care within the first few months of the care-recipient needing care (n=16) had greater positive aspects of caregiving than those who started providing care sometime later (n=5) (36.37±7.33 versus 25.8±8.29, p=0.01). Caregivers with higher PAC scores had lower ZBI score (r=-0.49, p=0.02), better mental health on the SF-12v2 (r=0.53, p=0.01), less distress related to care-recipient behaviors on the RMBPC (r=-0.50, p=0.02), and lower PSQI subscale (perceived sleep quality) score (r= -0.46, p=0.04). Findings suggest that higher positive caregiving experience was associated with better mental health and sleep quality, and less burden and distress from the care-recipients behaviors. More research is needed to better understand this relationship and to determine possible interventions to increase positive aspects of caregiving.

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Boerner, Kathrin, Richard Schulz, and Amy Horowitz. "Positive Aspects of Caregiving and Adaptation to Bereavement." Psychology and Aging 19, no. 4 (2004): 668–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.19.4.668.

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Sánchez-Izquierdo, Macarena, María Prieto-Ursúa, and José M. Caperos. "Positive Aspects of Family Caregiving of Dependent Elderly." Educational Gerontology 41, no. 11 (2015): 745–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2015.1033227.

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7

Kulhara, Parmanand. "Positive aspects of caregiving in schizophrenia: A review." World Journal of Psychiatry 2, no. 3 (2012): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v2.i3.43.

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Lee, Jung Hee. "Exploring Family Caregivers’ Subjective Experience of Positive Aspects in Home-Based Elder Caregiving: From Korean Family Caregivers’ Experience." International Journal of Social Science Studies 8, no. 4 (2020): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v8i4.4876.

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Recently research has identified positive dimensions of the caregiving experience. However, there is still a dearth of research into positive aspects of home-based family caregiving for older adults in various cultural contexts. This exploratory study seeks to expand our knowledge in this area by exploring the positive experience of Korean family caregivers who cared for older adults with frailty at home and how they can transform their caregiving experience into positive one despite of many challenges. Eighteen family caregivers were explored through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Participants reported several positive aspects from their home-based elder caregiving experience. The positive aspects were categorized into three groups; relational aspects, personal aspects, and spiritual aspects. Findings indicate that Koran family caregivers of older adults in this study perceive that caregiving experience is challenging but also offers an opportunity for gains.

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Malley, Kelly O., and Sara Qualls. "Psychological Well-Being and Positive Aspects of Caregiving: What’s the Relationship?" Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1134.

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Abstract Many family caregivers derive meaning and purpose from caring for a loved one. Research on the mechanisms underlying positive aspects of caregiving have explored appraisal, reciprocity, resilience, gratitude, mastery, and appreciation. This study aimed to explore how individual personality factors, using the framework of psychological well-being (i.e., autonomy, positive relationships, purpose, personal growth, self-acceptance, and environmental mastery) proposed by Ryff (1989), may influence positive aspects of caregiving. N = 452 family caregivers completed informed consent, provided demographic information, and completed study measures using an online research platform. Multiple regression equations were calculated to assess which aspects of psychological well-being predicted two positive aspects of caregiving: competence and personal gain. The model explained 22% of the variance in caregiving competence, F(6, 445) = 21.01, p &lt; .001. Autonomy (β = .26, p &lt; .001) and self-acceptance (β = .18, p = .02) contributed most significantly to feelings of competence. The model explained 14% of the variance in personal gain, F(6, 445) = 12.11, p &lt; .001. Self-acceptance (β = .19, p = .02), personal growth (β = .18, p = .01) and autonomy (β = .13; p = .03) contributed most significantly feelings of personal gain. Psychological well-being, specifically feelings of autonomy and self-acceptance, are modest predictors of feelings of competence and gain, and psychological well-being appears to have an effect on positive aspects of caregiving. Interventions for family caregivers should consider ways of building autonomy, self-acceptance, and growth to increase feelings of competence and gain.

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Gold, Dolores Pushkar, Carole Cohen, Ken Shulman, Carla Zucchero, David Andres, and Jamshid Etezadi. "Caregiving and Dementia: Predicting Negative and Positive Outcomes for Caregivers." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 41, no. 3 (1995): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/rgyj-5ka2-7thx-7bq5.

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A sample of 118 caregivers, maintaining relatives with dementia at home, were interviewed and completed questionnaires at initial and follow-up assessment six months later. All dependents received a cognitive assessment. The results of LISREL analysis of the data supported a model of caregiving in which negative outcomes of burden and impaired health reduced positive outcomes of enjoyment of aspects of caregiving. Caregivers with larger social support networks were more satisfied with their support, reducing feelings of impaired health, although as caregiving became more difficult, satisfaction with support decreased. The retrospective perception of the premorbid relationship as more difficult lead to the appraisal of the patient's symptoms as presently being more extensive and increased burden. Women caregivers repotted both greater feelings of burden and more aspects of caregiving as enjoyable.

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Cohen, C. A., D. Pushkar Gold, K. I. Shulman, and C. A. Zucchero. "Positive Aspects in Caregiving: An Overlooked Variable in Research." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 13, no. 3 (1994): 378–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s071498080000619x.

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RÉSUMÉCet article passe en revue les divers concepts et les diverses mesures reliées aux aspects positifs de la prise en charge qui ont fait l'objet d'études antérieures. Il décrit également une mesure simple des «aspects plaisants de la prise en charge» utilisée par un projet longitudinal canadien sur le soin accordé aux patients atteints de démence et résidant dans la communauté. Le taux de fidélité test-retest de cette mesure est significatif, ême que les corrélations avec le fardeau de la prise en charge et la santé du donneur de soins. Cette variable prédit également le désir d'institutionnaliser le bénéficiaire, et ce à trois étapes différentes de la prise en charge, mais ne prédit pas l'institutionnalisation comme telle. Cet article conclut qu'il devrait y avoir davantages de mesures reliées aux aspects positifs de la prise en charge et une meilleure compréhension des interactions entre ces variables et leurs répercussions sur les facteurs principaux liés au patient et au donneur de soins.

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Jathanna, P. R., and K. S. Latha. "267 Dementia: Positive Aspects of Caregiving and Indian Culture." Asian Journal of Psychiatry 4 (July 2011): S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1876-2018(11)60210-4.

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Roff, L. L., L. D. Burgio, L. Gitlin, L. Nichols, W. Chaplin, and J. M. Hardin. "Positive Aspects of Alzheimer's Caregiving: The Role of Race." Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 59, no. 4 (2004): P185—P190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/59.4.p185.

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Cohen, Carole A., Angela Colantonio, and Lee Vernich. "Positive aspects of caregiving: rounding out the caregiver experience." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 17, no. 2 (2002): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.561.

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Cheng, Sheung-Tak, Emily P. M. Mak, Rosanna W. L. Lau, Natalie S. S. Ng, and Linda C. W. Lam. "Voices of Alzheimer Caregivers on Positive Aspects of Caregiving." Gerontologist 56, no. 3 (2015): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu118.

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Jiang, Nan, Nan Lu, Qian Sun, and Vivian W. Q. Lou. "Positive and negative experiences and life satisfaction among spousal caregivers for frail older adults in urban China: a parallel process model." Age and Ageing 49, no. 4 (2020): 622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa032.

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Abstract Objectives Previous literature has suggested that negative and positive aspects of spousal caregiving co-exist. However, positive and negative experiences were often examined independently. This study aimed to empirically test a parallel process model of spousal caregiving. Methods This cross-sectional survey of family caregiving involved 269 frail older adults living in Shanghai, China, in 2016. Quota sampling was conducted to find community-dwelling frail older adults with a primary caregiver. Path analysis was used to identify the relationship between negative and positive caregiving experiences and life satisfaction. Results We found two independent paths towards life satisfaction: (i) activities of daily living were negatively associated with burden, and burden was associated with lower life satisfaction; and (ii) spousal caregivers’ self-reported health and financial state were positively associated with positive appraisal, and positive appraisal was associated with higher life satisfaction. Caregiving time contributed to both aspects of caregiving experiences. The covariance between caregiving burden and positive appraisals was not statistically significant. Conclusion Spousal caregiving involves a parallel process. Negative and positive experiences are separate constructs and their associations with life satisfaction vary. We advocate for policy and interventions that promote positive views of caregiving that encourage caregivers to develop a high level of overall life satisfaction despite the hardships of their caregiving tasks.

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Malley, Kelly A. O., Kelsey Bacharz, and Sara H. Qualls. "VALIDATION OF THE CAREGIVER REACTION SCALE IN A SAMPLE OF NON-HELP-SEEKING CAREGIVERS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2506.

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Abstract The Caregiver Reaction Scale (CRS) is a comprehensive measure of the family caregiving experience that assesses burden, family strains and positive aspects of caregiving (PAC). The CRS has been validated in sample of older adult help-seeking caregivers, but its validity and reliability in a non-help-seeking sample of caregivers was unknown. This study aimed to explore how well the CRS assesses the full caregiving experience in a younger non-help-seeking sample of family caregivers and to further evaluate the validity of the PAC subscales. A sample of non-help-seeking caregivers (N =452; Mage = 48.56, SD = 17.15) completed online questionnaires of burden, positive aspects of caregiving, and psychological well-being. All subscales of the CRS demonstrated very good internal consistency reliability (α ≤ .88). The PAC subscales of the CRS demonstrated medium to large positive correlations with a measure of positive aspects of caregiving (r ≥ .44) and small to medium positive correlations with psychological well-being (.25 ≥ r ≤ .42). Burden subscales of the CRS had large positive correlations with another measure of burden (r ≥ .66). Medium positive correlations were also found between family and job conflict subscales of the CRS and the burden measure (r ≥ .35). CRS PAC subscales were negatively correlated with the burden measure (r ≤ -.13). The CRS is a valid and reliable measure of the caregiving experience as evidenced by convergent and discriminant validity of CRS subscales and well validated measures of burden and positive aspects of caregiving.

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Fauziana, Restria, Rajeswari Sambasivam, Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar, et al. "Positive Caregiving Characteristics as a Mediator of Caregiving Burden and Satisfaction With Life in Caregivers of Older Adults." Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 31, no. 6 (2018): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891988718802111.

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Background: Satisfaction with life is recognized to be a factor in alleviating burden in stressful caregiving duties. However, the mechanism underlying this relationship is indistinct. Positive aspects of caregiving (PAC) may help to regulate caregiving burden among caregivers of older adults. The study aims to examine whether positive caregiving characteristics mediate the effect between satisfaction with life and burden of care. Methods: Participants were 285 caregivers of older adults (aged 60 and above) in Singapore and were recruited in a cross-sectional, self-report study (mean [M] = 47.0 years; 64.6% females). Measures included in the study were the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Mediation analyses were used to study the indirect effects of life satisfaction on caregiver burden through features of PAC. Results: Mean scores for the ZBI, PAC, and SWLS scales were M = 23.15 (standard deviation [SD] = 15.98), M = 34.55 (SD = 8.19), and M = 23.56 (SD = 6.62) respectively. Results from the mediation analysis revealed that the association between life satisfaction and caregiving burden was significantly mediated by the PAC ( P < .001). Discussion: Positive aspects of caregiving may be a mechanism that links satisfaction with life and caregiver burden. Findings may represent attempts to manage caregiving duties as well as maintaining a positive attitude toward their responsibilities.

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Sawada, Y., K. Kageyama, and M. Ono. "FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE POSITIVE ASPECTS OF CAREGIVING AMONG JAPANESE CAREGIVERS." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (2017): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.2939.

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Roth, David L., William Haley, Orla Sheehan, Jeremy Walston, David Rhodes, and Virginia Howard. "DESIGNING FAMILY CAREGIVER STUDIES THAT BALANCE STRESS PROCESS AND HELPING RELATIONSHIP PERSPECTIVES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.873.

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Abstract Family caregiving is often characterized as a chronically stressful situation, and stress process models have been the dominant conceptual foundation underlying caregiving studies for decades. Recently, this perspective has been augmented with more positive views that emphasize potentially healthy and prosocial aspects of caregiving. Replicated findings from population-based studies show that caregivers have lower mortality rates than noncaregivers, consistent with the more balanced conceptual approach. The Caregiving Transitions Study is investigating 251 participants who transitioned into a caregiving role at some point between two blood samples taken 10 years apart in a national epidemiological study and 251 matched controls. Preliminary analyses confirm that caregiving leads to increased psychological distress. Ongoing analyses are examining changes in inflammatory biomarkers, health status, and positive aspects of caregiving. Findings will be examined alongside our recent meta-analysis of convenience samples that found caregiving to have small and inconsistent relationships with biomarkers of inflammation and immunity.

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de Arroyabe, Elena López, Esther Calvete, Carlota Las Hayas, and Anik Zubizarreta. "Distress of the Caregiver in Acquired Brain Injury: Positive aspects of care to moderate the effects of psychological problems." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 19, no. 2 (2013): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jrc.2013.13.

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Acquired brain injury (ABI) causes numerous problems, including cognitive and personality changes, which can be quite stressful for caregivers. In this study, we aimed to adapt an instrument to measure caregivers’ distress, the Relative Version of the Head Injury Behaviour Scale (HIBS; Godfrey et al., 2003) to the Spanish language and to determine whether the positive aspects of caregiving moderate the effects of the psychological problems of ABI on caregivers’ distress. Moderation analyses indicated that positive aspects of caregiving involving one's outlook on life reduced the association between psychological problems and caregivers’ distress. The findings suggest that although the caregiver role is a source of distress, this role can also become a source of satisfaction, actually contributing to reducing caregivers’ distress. The importance of promoting the positive aspects of caregiving in rehabilitation programmes is discussed.

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Hwang, Boyoung, Kirsten E. Fleischmann, Jill Howie-Esquivel, Nancy A. Stotts, and Kathleen Dracup. "Caregiving for Patients With Heart Failure: Impact on Patients’ Families." American Journal of Critical Care 20, no. 6 (2011): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2011472.

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Background Factors that affect the impact of caregiving on patients’ family members who provide care to patients with heart failure have not been adequately addressed. In addition, social support and positive aspects of caregiving have received little attention. Objective To identify factors associated with the impact of caregiving. Methods Self-report data were collected from 76 dyads of patients with heart failure and their family caregivers. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. Results A sense of less family support for caregiving was associated with a higher New York Heart Association class of heart failure, being a nonspousal caregiver, lower caregivers’ perceived control, and less social support. More disruption of caregivers’ schedules was associated with higher class of heart failure, more care tasks, and less social support. Greater impact of caregiving on caregivers’ health was related to more recent patient hospitalization, lower caregivers’ perceived control, and less social support. Nonwhite caregivers and caregivers whose family member had fewer emergency department visits felt more positive about caregiving than did other caregivers. Social support had a moderating effect on the relationship between patients’ comorbid conditions and positive aspects of caregiving. Conclusions Caregiving has both positive and negative effects on family caregivers of patients with heart failure. The findings suggest the need for interventions to increase caregivers’ sense of control and social support. Family caregivers may need additional support immediately after patient hospitalizations to minimize the negative impact of caregiving.

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Bien̓, Barbara, Beata Wojszel, and Elzbieta Sikorska-Simmons. "Rural and Urban Caregivers for Older Adults in Poland: Perceptions of Positive and Negative Impact of Caregiving." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 65, no. 3 (2007): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ag.65.3.a.

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This study examines rural-urban differences in informal caregivers' perceptions of caregiving. The study's theoretical framework is based on the two-factor model of caregiving, which views caregiving as having both positive and negative impact. Data were collected in personal interviews with 126 rural and 127 urban caregivers in the Bialystok region. The COPE-Index was used to assess caregivers. Rural caregivers reported a greater negative impact of caregiving than their urban counterparts, controlling for caregiver socio-demographic characteristics and care-recipient disability level. There was no difference in caregivers' perceptions of positive aspects of caregiving. These findings are consistent with previous research, which suggests that rural caregivers experience greater caregiver burden. Better understanding of rural-urban differences in caregiving outcomes can be useful in designing supportive services for informal caregivers in Poland.

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Zarit, Steven H. "Positive aspects of caregiving: More than looking on the bright side." Aging & Mental Health 16, no. 6 (2012): 673–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2012.692768.

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Pendergrass, Anna, Mary Mittelman, Elmar Graessel, Dominik Özbe, and Nina Karg. "Predictors of the personal benefits and positive aspects of informal caregiving." Aging & Mental Health 23, no. 11 (2018): 1533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2018.1501662.

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Gonçalves-Pereira, Manuel, Isabel Carmo, Joaquim Alves da Silva, Ana L. Papoila, Raimundo Mateos, and Steven H. Zarit. "Caregiving experiences and knowledge about dementia in Portuguese clinical outpatient settings." International Psychogeriatrics 22, no. 2 (2009): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209991050.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Important public health and clinical issues remain unanswered concerning disease-related knowledge and caregiving experiences in dementia. The aim of this study is to describe these dimensions in Portuguese clinical settings and analyze the link between knowledge and burden, and also between knowledge and positive caregiving experiences.Methods: We studied a non-randomized sample of 116 caregivers of outpatients with ICD10-DCR diagnosis of dementia. Comprehensive assessments included Dementia Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ), Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Caregiving Activity Survey (CAS), Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ). Portuguese translations for DKQ, ZBI and PAC scales had been developed; validity aspects were documented, as well as test-retest reliability coefficients for ZBI (ICC = 0.93) and PAC (ICC = 0.85).Results: Most caregivers were close relatives, female and living with the patient. Although positive aspects of care were reported, burden and distress levels were moderate to high. Knowledge needs were not striking. Distress was moderately correlated to burden, but no associations were found between caregivers' knowledge and ZBI, PAC or GHQ. DKQ scores did not predict PAC nor ZBI scores. A relationship was found between ZBI, as dependent variable, and PAC, GHQ and CAS.Conclusions: A large proportion of caregivers in this sample, albeit informed about dementia, were at risk of high burden and distress. Knowledge about dementia may not be protective of burden per se, nor did it influence positive aspects of caregiving.

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Branger, Camille, Megan E. O’Connell, and Shelley Peacock. "Protocol for a meta-integration: investigating positive aspects of caregiving in dementia." BMJ Open 8, no. 7 (2018): e021215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021215.

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IntroductionThe current work describes the protocol for a meta-integration investigating the positive aspects of providing care to someone living with dementia. We aim to understand the position of positive aspects in the caregiver experience as well as identify how positive aspects are commonly conceptualised, investigated and measured in literature.Methods and analysesMeta-integration is a method of investigation that synthesises findings from meta-analysis or systematic review of quantitative studies and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies, to provide a coherent and holistic account of a phenomenon. As a relatively new method, terminology and methodological approaches are varied. The current work describes the process of conducting an advanced convergent meta-integration, including protocol for systematic search, inclusion/exclusion screening phases, intramethod analysis synthesis and intermethod synthesis on quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods research pertaining to the positive aspects of providing care to someone living with dementia.Ethics and disseminationThere are no ethics or safety concerns about dissemination, which includes plans for a conference presentation and publication.

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Carbonneau, Hélène, Chantal Caron, and Johanne Desrosiers. "Development of a conceptual framework of positive aspects of caregiving in dementia." Dementia 9, no. 3 (2010): 327–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301210375316.

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Roth, David L., Peggye Dilworth-Anderson, Jin Huang, Alden L. Gross, and Laura N. Gitlin. "Positive Aspects of Family Caregiving for Dementia: Differential Item Functioning by Race." Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 70, no. 6 (2015): 813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbv034.

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Lou, Vivian W. Q., Bobo Hi-Po Lau, and Karen Siu-Lan Cheung. "Positive aspects of caregiving (PAC): Scale validation among Chinese dementia caregivers (CG)." Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 60, no. 2 (2015): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2014.10.019.

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Malhotra, R., C. Chei, E. B. Menon, et al. "TRAJECTORIES OF POSITIVE ASPECTS OF CAREGIVING AMONG FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF STROKE-SURVIVORS." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (2017): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.2574.

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Pratiwi, Dian, Retno Indarwati, and Rr Dian Tristiana. "Factors Associated to Positive Aspects in Caregiving for People Living with Dementia in Family Caregivers." Media Keperawatan Indonesia 4, no. 2 (2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/mki.4.2.2021.149-163.

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Caring for People with Dementia (PwD) has various negative effects that are detrimental to caregivers. The existence of Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) makes the experience of caring for PwD more positive, valuable and protects caregivers from various negative impacts while caring for PwD. This study aims to explain the factors associated with PAC. These literature reviews were accessed from six databases (Scopus, CINAHL, Science Direct, ProQuest, PubMed, and SAGE Journal), with the keywords factor, positive aspects of caregiving, Dementia/ Alzheimer’s, during January 2021, limited to 2016-2020, and in English. A total of 318 journals were selected using PRISMA, then leaving 16 journals to be analyzed using The Joanna Briggs Institution Checklist. Sixteen journals were analyzed and divided into two themes, factors that affect PAC (n = 9) and factors affected by PAC (n = 7). Factors that affect PAC are caregiver characteristics, care-recipient characteristics, and social support. Factors affected by PAC are caregiving outcomes. Factors that increase PAC are lower education level, good social support, severe BPSD, shorter duration of care, and relationship with care-recipient (except spouse), and gender (male). The mediating factors that increase PAC are unmet needs and reciprocal filial piety. Factors that lower PAC are higher education level, the use of avoidance coping, and older age. We found inconsistencies in caregiver marital status and relationship with care-recipient because the finding still uncertain.

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Stansfeld, Jacki, Charlotte R. Stoner, Jennifer Wenborn, Myrra Vernooij-Dassen, Esme Moniz-Cook, and Martin Orrell. "Positive psychology outcome measures for family caregivers of people living with dementia: a systematic review." International Psychogeriatrics 29, no. 8 (2017): 1281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610217000655.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Family caregivers of people living with dementia can have both positive and negative experiences of caregiving. Despite this, existing outcome measures predominately focus on negative aspects of caregiving such as burden and depression. This review aimed to evaluate the development and psychometric properties of existing positive psychology measures for family caregivers of people living with dementia to determine their potential utility in research and practice.Method:A systematic review of positive psychology outcome measures for family caregivers of people with dementia was conducted. The databases searched were as follows: PsychINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed. Scale development papers were subject to a quality assessment to appraise psychometric properties.Results:Twelve positive outcome measures and six validation papers of these scales were identified. The emerging constructs of self-efficacy, spirituality, resilience, rewards, gain, and meaning are in line with positive psychology theory.Conclusions:There are some robust positive measures in existence for family caregivers of people living with dementia. However, lack of reporting of the psychometric properties hindered the quality assessment of some outcome measures identified in this review. Future research should aim to include positive outcome measures in interventional research to facilitate a greater understanding of the positive aspects of caregiving and how these contribute to well-being.

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Fekete, Christine, Hannah Tough, Johannes Siegrist, and Martin WG Brinkhof. "Health impact of objective burden, subjective burden and positive aspects of caregiving: an observational study among caregivers in Switzerland." BMJ Open 7, no. 12 (2017): e017369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017369.

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ObjectiveTo investigate associations of objective caregiver burden, subjective caregiver burden and positive aspects of caregiving with self-reported health indicators in caregiving partners of persons with a severe physical disability (spinal cord injury).DesignCross-sectional, observational.SettingCommunity, Switzerland.ParticipantsCaregiving partners of persons with spinal cord injury (n=118, response rate 19.7%).Outcome measuresGeneral health, role limitations due to physical health, role limitations due to mental health, pain intensity, mental health and vitality were assessed using items from the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Three items were used to assess the frequency of different types of sleep problems.ResultsSubjective caregiver burden was associated to all self-reported health indicators. A high subjective burden was linked to poorer general health (OR 6.5, 95% CI 2.0 to 21.5), more role limitations due to physical health (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.4 to 12.8), more role limitations due to mental health (OR 3.6, 95 % CI 1.1 to 11.7), higher pain intensity (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.4 to 11.5), poorer mental health (coefficient −17.9, 95% CI −24.5 to −11.2), lower vitality (coefficient −20.3, 95% CI −28.4 to −12.1), and more frequent sleep problems (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.6 to 18.4). Partners who indicated positive aspects of caregiving further reported better mental health (coefficient 6.5, 95% CI 0.2 to 12.8). Objective burden was not related to any health indicator.ConclusionsSubjective burden and lack of positive aspects of caregiving were associated with poorer physical and mental health. Caregiver health may be promoted through the strengthening of psychological and psychosocial resources.

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Heo, Grace Jeongim. "Religious Coping, Positive Aspects of Caregiving, and Social Support Among Alzheimer’s Disease Caregivers." Clinical Gerontologist 37, no. 4 (2014): 368–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2014.907588.

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Hilgeman, Michelle M., Rebecca S. Allen, Jamie DeCoster, and Louis D. Burgio. "Positive aspects of caregiving as a moderator of treatment outcome over 12 months." Psychology and Aging 22, no. 2 (2007): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.22.2.361.

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Las Hayas, Carlota, Elena López de Arroyabe, and Esther Calvete. "Positive aspects of caregiving in Spanish caregivers of individuals with acquired brain injury." Rehabilitation Psychology 59, no. 2 (2014): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035622.

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Yu, Doris S. F., Sheung-Tak Cheng, and Jungfang Wang. "Unravelling positive aspects of caregiving in dementia: An integrative review of research literature." International Journal of Nursing Studies 79 (March 2018): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.10.008.

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Gonzalez Catalan, M., F. Ma, M. Huddleson, et al. "ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN POSITIVE ASPECTS OF CAREGIVING IN DEMENTIA CAREGIVER DEPRESSION AND BURDEN." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.558.

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Cho, Jinmyoung, Marcia G. Ory, and Alan B. Stevens. "Socioecological factors and positive aspects of caregiving: findings from the REACH II intervention." Aging & Mental Health 20, no. 11 (2015): 1190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2015.1068739.

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Tate, Judith A., and JiYeon Choi. "Positive Appraisal of Caregiving for Intensive Care Unit Survivors: A Qualitative Secondary Analysis." American Journal of Critical Care 29, no. 5 (2020): 340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2020953.

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Background More than half of intensive care unit survivors require assistance from family caregivers after discharge. Caregiving is associated with negative consequences including poor health-related quality of life, psychosocial distress, and burden. Little is known about how family caregivers find satisfaction and meaning in their experience. Objectives To explore positive descriptions of the experiences of family caregivers of critically ill patients and to describe factors that family caregivers view as important to a positive caregiving experience from hospitalization to 4 months after discharge. Methods Qualitative secondary analysis was performed on data from semistructured interviews conducted as part of a longitudinal study that examined physical and psychological responses to stress in a convenience sample of family caregivers of adult intensive care unit patients who underwent prolonged mechanical ventilation (≥ 4 days). Interviews were conducted at 4 time points: during the hospitalization and within 2 weeks, 2 months, and 4 months after discharge. Results Participants (n = 41) reported factors that helped them positively appraise their caregiving experience in 113 interviews conducted face to face or via telephone. During patients’ hospitalization, caregivers described changes in their role, with their primary responsibility being to advocate for the patient. They described how this experience fulfilled their identity and strengthened their relationship with the patient. Most family caregivers mentioned the importance of social support and prayer. Conclusions Family caregivers of intensive care unit patients can identify positive aspects of caregiving during the experience. Interventions to reframe the caregiving experience in a positive light are warranted.

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Wong, Daniel Fu Keung, Ting Kin Ng, and Xiao Yu Zhuang. "Caregiving burden and psychological distress in Chinese spousal caregivers: gender difference in the moderating role of positive aspects of caregiving." Aging & Mental Health 23, no. 8 (2018): 976–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2018.1474447.

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Samadi, Hadi, and Sayyed Ali Samadi. "Understanding Different Aspects of Caregiving for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) a Narrative Review of the Literature." Brain Sciences 10, no. 8 (2020): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10080557.

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Background: There has been a considerable endeavor to understand associated challenges of caregiving for a child with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and to develop the necessary skills and approaches to assist parents of children with ASD. Different studies have been stressed the importance and need for parental involvement in the intervention process to increase positive impacts. Methods: The process of caregiving and the associated challenges should be understood from different aspects to be able to facilitate parent involvement in intervention implementation. In a narrative literature review, ten selected reviews were considered and each review considered a special aspect of caregiving for an individual with ASD. Results: Five main different factors in the available literature and reviews were considered as different themes that needed to be reconsidered in the studies on the impacts of caregiving for an individual with ASD. Conclusions: It is concluded that to facilitate parental involvement in the intervention process, and to support caregivers of this group of individuals this review highlights the need for improved research in some proposed areas in this field and to bridge the gap between research and practice in this field.

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Fields, Noelle L., Ling Xu, and Vivian J. Miller. "Caregiver Burden and Desire for Institutional Placement—The Roles of Positive Aspects of Caregiving and Religious Coping." American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementiasr 34, no. 3 (2019): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533317519826217.

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Based on stress coping theory, this study investigated whether and how positive aspects of caregiving (PAC) and religiosity buffered the association between caregiving burden and desire to institutionalize (DTI). Secondary data (N = 637) were drawn from the baseline assessment of the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer’s Caregiver Health II project. Descriptive analysis, bivariate correlation, and multiple linear regressions were conducted. The results indicated that higher levels of caregiver burden, daily care bother, and Revised Memory and Behavioral Problem Checklist bother were all significantly associated with higher level of DTI. Both PAC and religious coping were negatively associated with DTI; however, only PAC was significant. Only the interaction between daily care bother and religious coping was significant, which indicated that the harmful effect of daily care bother on DTI was significantly buffered among those who have religiosity. Study findings have important implications for policy makers and for providers who serve dementia family caregivers.

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Smaling, Hanneke JA, Karlijn J. Joling, Wilco P. Achterberg, Anneke L. Francke, and Jenny T. Steen. "Measuring positive caregiving experiences in family caregivers of nursing home residents: A comparison of the Positive Experiences Scale, Gain in Alzheimer Care INstrument, and Positive Aspects of Caregiving questionnaire." Geriatrics & Gerontology International 21, no. 8 (2021): 636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ggi.14210.

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Chu, Hyeon Sik, and Young Ran Tak. "Psychometric properties of the Korean version of the positive aspects of caregiving scale for family caregivers of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis." Palliative and Supportive Care 18, no. 6 (2020): 699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951520000371.

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AbstractObjectiveMany caregivers report finding positive meanings in their caregiving roles and activities. The positive aspects of caregiving (PAC) scale was designed to measure positive appraisals of caregiving. This study assessed the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the PAC for family caregivers of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodThe instrument's content and semantic equivalence were established using translation and back translation of the PAC. A convenience sample of 127 family caregivers of patients with ALS in Korea was recruited. Content, construct, and convergent validity of the Korean PAC were evaluated. Cronbach's α was used to assess reliability. This study used secondary data; the primary study received approval from the Institutional Review Board of H Hospital, from where data were collected. The consent forms did not mention the future use of data. Therefore, we have applied for approval regarding this study's protocol and exemption from informed consent.ResultsThe Cronbach's α was 0.92, and internal consistency was acceptable. Exploratory factor analysis supported the construct validity with a two-factor solution explaining 74.73% of the total variance. Regarding convergent validity, the Korean PAC score negatively correlated with caregiver burden and depression and positively with self-rated health status. We were unable to evaluate the suitability of the suggested structural dimensionality through confirmatory factor analysis. Furthermore, as we used secondary data, we could not assess retest reliability for the evaluation of the scale's stability.Significance of resultsThe Korean PAC was found to be an applicable instrument with satisfactory reliability and validity and suitable for further use as a measure for positive appraisals of caregiving for family caregivers of people with ALS. It may be effective for measuring caregivers’ psychological resources.

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Lloyd, Joanna, Tom Patterson, and Jane Muers. "The positive aspects of caregiving in dementia: A critical review of the qualitative literature." Dementia 15, no. 6 (2016): 1534–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301214564792.

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Walker, Ruth V., Sara M. Powers, and Toni L. Bisconti. "Positive Aspects of the Caregiving Experience: Finding Hope in the Midst of the Storm." Women & Therapy 39, no. 3-4 (2016): 354–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02703149.2016.1116868.

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Semiatin, Alicia M., and Maureen K. O’Connor. "The relationship between self-efficacy and positive aspects of caregiving in Alzheimer's disease caregivers." Aging & Mental Health 16, no. 6 (2012): 683–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2011.651437.

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Tang, Maggie. "Can Cultural Values Help Explain the Positive Aspects of Caregiving Among Chinese American Caregivers?" Journal of Gerontological Social Work 54, no. 6 (2011): 551–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2011.567323.

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