Journal articles: 'Positive child outcomes'

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Leidy, Melinda S., Ross D. Parke, Mina Cladis, Scott Coltrane, and Sharon Duffy. "Positive Marital Quality, Acculturative Stress, and Child Outcomes Among Mexican Americans." Journal of Marriage and Family 71, no. 4 (November 2009): 833–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00638.x.

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van Zyl, Michiel A., Anita P. Barbee, Michael R. Cunningham, Becky F. Antle, Dana N. Christensen, and Daniel Boamah. "Components of the Solution-Based Casework Child Welfare Practice Model That Predict Positive Child Outcomes." Journal of Public Child Welfare 8, no. 4 (August 8, 2014): 433–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2014.939252.

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Álvarez, Míriam, María José Rodrigo, and Sonia Byrne. "What Implementation Components Predict Positive Outcomes in a Parenting Program?" Research on Social Work Practice 28, no. 2 (April 7, 2016): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731516640903.

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Objectives: To examine the components affecting the quality of the implementation and their impact on the outcomes of the “Growing Up Happily in the Family” program targeted at parents with children aged 0–5. Method: At-risk and non-at-risk parents ( N = 196) participated in 26 groups in local social services. Adherence, adaptations, quality of delivery, group and participant responsiveness, and implementation barriers were examined as predictors of attendance rate and changes in parental child-rearing attitudes, parental sense of competence, and parenting stress using hierarchical linear regressions analyses. Results: Greater participant responsiveness and fewer implementation barriers predicted higher attendance rates. These implementation variables, as well as greater program adherence, fewer crucial adaptations, and better didactic functioning of the sessions, predicted positive parental changes. Conclusions: The level of implementation contributes to the program effectiveness, suggesting the need to provide a high-quality and well-coordinated implementation to achieve the intended program outcomes in child welfare populations.

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Yeung, Jerf W. K. "Parenting discrepancies in the aggregate parenting context and positive child outcomes in Chinese parent–child dyads." Personality and Individual Differences 98 (August 2016): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.064.

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Lester, Kathryn J., Susanna Roberts, Robert Keers, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Gerome Breen, Chloe C. Y. Wong, Xiaohui Xu, et al. "Non-replication of the association between 5HTTLPR and response to psychological therapy for child anxiety disorders." British Journal of Psychiatry 208, no. 2 (February 2016): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.154997.

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BackgroundWe previously reported an association between 5HTTLPR genotype and outcome following cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) in child anxiety (Cohort 1). Children homozygous for the low-expression short-allele showed more positive outcomes. Other similar studies have produced mixed results, with most reporting no association between genotype and CBT outcome.AimsTo replicate the association between 5HTTLPR and CBT outcome in child anxiety from the Genes for Treatment study (GxT Cohort 2, n = 829).MethodLogistic and linear mixed effects models were used to examine the relationship between 5HTTLPR and CBT outcomes. Mega-analyses using both cohorts were performed.ResultsThere was no significant effect of 5HTTLPR on CBT outcomes in Cohort 2. Mega-analyses identified a significant association between 5HTTLPR and remission from all anxiety disorders at follow-up (odds ratio 0.45, P = 0.014), but not primary anxiety disorder outcomes.ConclusionsThe association between 5HTTLPR genotype and CBT outcome did not replicate. Short-allele homozygotes showed more positive treatment outcomes, but with small, non-significant effects. Future studies would benefit from utilising whole genome approaches and large, homogenous samples.

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Havnes, Tarjei, and Magne Mogstad. "No Child Left Behind: Subsidized Child Care and Children's Long-Run Outcomes." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 97–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.3.2.97.

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Many developed countries are currently considering a move toward subsidized, widely accessible child care or preschool. However, studies on how large-scale provision of child care affects child development are scarce, and focused on short-run outcomes. We analyze a large-scale expansion of subsidized child care in Norway, addressing the impact on children's long-run outcomes. Our precise and robust difference-in-differences estimates show that subsidized child care had strong positive effects on children's educational attainment and labor market participation, and also reduced welfare dependency. Subsample analyses indicate that girls and children with low-educated mothers benefit the most from child care. (JEL J13, J16)

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Sawrikar, Vilas, David J. Hawes, Caroline Moul, and Mark R. Dadds. "How Do Mothers’ Parental Attributions Affect Child Outcomes from a Positive Parenting Intervention? A Mediation Study." Child Psychiatry & Human Development 51, no. 4 (November 15, 2019): 597–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-019-00942-0.

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AbstractProblematic parental attributions refer to negative causal explanations for child problem behaviour and are known to predict parenting intervention outcomes. This study examines alternative accounts of how mothers’ problematic parental attributions, operationalised as negative pre-treatment and change resistant parental attributions during treatment, may affect child behaviour outcomes from a parenting intervention program. Putative mediators included parental feelings about the child and use of harsh discipline. Participants were 163 families with children aged from 3 to 16 referred to specialist clinics for the treatment of conduct problems. Measures were collected as part of pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up assessments. Mothers’ pre-treatment and change resistant parental attributions were associated with smaller improvements in parental feelings at the end of treatment which in turn were associated with greater use of harsh discipline. Greater use of harsh discipline was associated with greater conduct problems overall. Smaller improvements in parental feelings mediated the effects of pre-treatment and change resistant parental attributions on outcomes in mothers’ use of harsh discipline and mediated the effects of change resistant parental attributions on outcomes in child conduct problems. Smaller improvements in parental feelings about the child may act as a mechanism that explains the impact of problematic parental attributions on treatment outcomes.

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Byrne, Ben, and Stephen Case. "Towards a positive youth justice." Safer Communities 15, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-11-2015-0036.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider and explore the principles that should inform a positive and progressive approach to conceptualising and delivering youth justice. Design/methodology/approach – Critical literature review, incorporating primary research and evaluation conducted by the authors. Findings – A children first model of positive youth justice should cohere around the promotion of four key principles: children’s rights and adults’ responsibilities; desistance and inclusion; diversion and systems management; relationship-based partnerships between children and practitioners. Practical implications – The child-friendly, child-appropriate and legitimacy-focused nature of the Children first, offender second (CFOS) model can encourage diversion from formal system contact, can enhance levels of participation and engagement with formal youth justice interventions and promotes positive behaviours and outcomes for children in trouble. Originality/value – The principles outlined progress youth justice into positive forms antithetical to the negative elements of the “new youth justice” and will have relevance to other jurisdictions, rooted as they are in universality, child development and children’s rights.

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Jemiluyi, Olufunmilayo Olayemi. "Urbanization and Child Health Outcomes in Nigeria." Journal of Population and Social Studies 29 (August 11, 2021): 586–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.25133/jpssv292021.036.

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Against the rising trend of urbanization in Nigeria and the accompanying dramatic changes in the urbanization process, this study explores the health advantage of urbanization in Nigeria. The study specifically examines the relationship between various child health outcomes. Secondary data on neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortalities were used to measure child health outcomes. By obtaining cointegration among the collected data, the study investigates the long-run relationships between the degree of urbanization and the various child health outcomes using the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares(FM-OLS) estimator. The results suggest the existence of positive relationships between urbanization and child health indicators. In particular, the results show that there exist child health advantages of urbanization, with urbanization having reducing impacts on the mortality indicators. Also, public health expenditure, literacy rate, and health aids are negatively correlated with measures of children mortality. In all the estimated models, the economic growth proxy by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has an insignificant effect on all the measures of child health outcomes. The result implies the need to pay attention to the urbanization process for an effective health plan.

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Spurkeland, Nancy, Gregory Bennett, Chandran Alexander, Dennis Chang, and Gary Ceneviva. "Therapeutic Hypothermia and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in a Child with Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy." Case Reports in Pediatrics 2015 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/796151.

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Neurologic outcomes following pediatric cardiac arrest are consistently poor. Early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation has been shown to have positive effects on both survival to hospital discharge, and improved neurological outcomes after cardiac arrest. Additionally, the use of therapeutic hypothermia may improve survival in pediatric cardiac arrest patients admitted to the intensive care unit. We report a child with congenital hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, in whom the early initiation of effective prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation and subsequent administration of therapeutic hypothermia contributed to a positive outcome with no gross neurologic sequelae. Continuing efforts should be made to promote and employ high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which likely contributed to the positive outcome of this case. Further research will be necessary to develop and solidify national guidelines for the implementation of therapeutic hypothermia in selected subpopulations of children with OHCA.

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Katsafourou, P., J. Shillito, J. Gooi, and M. Martin. "Pregnancy outcome in anti ro positive women - outcomes of a targeted approach." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 96, Supplement 1 (June 1, 2011): Fa136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild.2011.300157.44.

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Bhandari, V., N. N. Finer, R. A. Ehrenkranz, S. Saha, A. Das, M. C. Walsh, W. A. Engle, and K. P. VanMeurs. "Synchronized Nasal Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation and Neonatal Outcomes." PEDIATRICS 124, no. 2 (July 27, 2009): 517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-1302.

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Mitrani, Victoria B., Brian E. McCabe, Carleen Robinson, Nomi S. Weiss-Laxer, and Daniel J. Feaster. "Structural Ecosystems Therapy for recovering HIV-positive women: Child, mother, and parenting outcomes." Journal of Family Psychology 24, no. 6 (December 2010): 746–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021638.

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Schick, Adina R. "Home-school literacy experiences of Latino preschoolers: Does continuity predict positive child outcomes?" Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 35, no. 4 (July 2014): 370–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2014.05.006.

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Palasanthiran, Pamela. "Mother-to-child transmission of HIV: positive impacts." Microbiology Australia 29, no. 4 (2008): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma08215.

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Mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV remains the major mode of paediatric HIV infection. Advances in the prevention of MTCT over the past decade and a half represent a major public health achievement. Strategies to prevent MTCT are now the standard of care for countries rich enough to afford the interventions. As such, perinatally acquired HIV in countries like the USA and Europe is now a rare event. With clearly documented declines in MTCT rates in resource rich countries, the focus is shifting towards any downsides of these strategies in pregnant women and for fetuses exposed in utero to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs and to infants postnatally. Cumulative evidence still supports the benefits of these strategies in preventing MCTC of HIV, with continued benefits for HIV pregnant women and their infants, and with minimal adverse outcomes. Knowledge of HIV infection status in pregnancy is critical for identifying the need for MTCT prevention. However, antenatal testing rates to identify HIV infected women is variable and an area that warrants attention. The overwhelming challenge in the 21st century is up scaling the availability of MTCT interventions in resource poor areas where more than 90% of the world?s HIV infected children now reside, and to develop optimal MTCT regimens that can be practically adopted in these settings.

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Milligan, Kevin, and Mark Stabile. "Do Child Tax Benefits Affect the Well-being of Children? Evidence from Canadian Child Benefit Expansions." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 3, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 175–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.3.3.175.

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We exploit changes in child benefits in Canada to study the impact of family income on child and family well-being. Using variation in child benefits across province, time, and family type, we study outcomes spanning test scores, mental health, physical health, and deprivation measures. The findings suggest that child benefit programs had significant positive effects on test scores, maternal health, and mental health, among other measures. We find strong and interesting differences in the effects of benefits by child sex: benefits have stronger effects on educational outcomes and physical health for boys, and on mental health outcomes for girls. (JEL I12, I31, I38, J13)

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Padilla-Walker, Laura M., Sam A. Hardy, and Katherine J. Christensen. "Adolescent Hope as a Mediator Between Parent-Child Connectedness and Adolescent Outcomes." Journal of Early Adolescence 31, no. 6 (September 2, 2010): 853–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431610376249.

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This study examines adolescent hope as a mediator between connectedness to mother and father, and positive and negative child outcomes. Participants included 489 adolescents aged 9 to 14 years ( M = 11.29; SD = 1.01) and their parents from the Flourishing Families Project, and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results suggested that hope mediated the relation between child-reported parent-child connectedness and adolescents’ prosocial behavior, school engagement, and internalizing behavior. Mother-and father-reported connectedness were not related to adolescent hope but were directly related to behavioral outcomes. This study highlights the importance of adolescents’ cognitive-motivational processes for both positive and negative outcomes and has important implications for prevention and intervention programs.

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Pölkki, Pirjo, Riitta Vornanen, and Riina Colliander. "Critical factors of intensive family work connected with positive outcomes for child welfare clients." European Journal of Social Work 19, no. 3-4 (February 5, 2016): 500–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2015.1137868.

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Chapman, Shelley, Cynthia Brumfield, Katharine Wenstrom, and Mary DuBard. "Pregnancy Outcomes Following False-Positive Multiple Marker Screening Tests." American Journal of Perinatology 14, no. 08 (September 1997): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-994183.

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Lunkenheimer, Erika S., Sheryl L. Olson, Tom Hollenstein, Arnold J. Sameroff, and Charlotte Winter. "Dyadic flexibility and positive affect in parent–child coregulation and the development of child behavior problems." Development and Psychopathology 23, no. 2 (April 18, 2011): 577–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457941100006x.

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AbstractParent–child dyadic rigidity and negative affect contribute to children's higher levels of externalizing problems. The present longitudinal study examined whether the opposite constructs of dyadic flexibility and positive affect predicted lower levels of externalizing behavior problems across the early childhood period. Mother–child (N = 163) and father–child (n = 94) dyads engaged in a challenging block design task at home when children were 3 years old. Dynamic systems methods were used to derive dyadic positive affect and three indicators of dyadic flexibility (range, dispersion, and transitions) from observational coding. We hypothesized that the interaction between dyadic flexibility and positive affect would predict lower levels of externalizing problems at age 5.5 years as rated by mothers and teachers, controlling for stability in externalizing problems, task time, child gender, and the child's effortful control. The hypothesis was supported in predicting teacher ratings of child externalizing from both mother–child and father–child interactions. There were also differential main effects for mothers and fathers: mother–child flexibility was detrimental and father–child flexibility was beneficial for child outcomes. Results support the inclusion of adaptive and dynamic parent–child coregulation processes in the study of children's early disruptive behavior.

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Gamette, Pius, Refiloe Jabari, and Sibusisiwe Bertha Muperere. "Parental Care on Under Five Child Health Outcomes in Zimbabwe." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v9i2.3594.

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This study examines the effect of parental care on child health outcomes (stunting, wasting and underweight) in Zimbabwe. The study uses data from the Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS) (1994-2015) by employing the Ordinary Least Method (OLS) regression approach. The results indicate that breastfeeding and vaccination on each count has a significant negative effect on under-five child health outcomes (stunting and wasting). On the contrary, child-size shows a significant positive effect on wasting and underweight among under-five children in Zimbabwe. Area of residence indicates an under five-child in an urban center is less likely to be wasting than its contemporary in a rural area. The individual effects of mothers’ education, wealth index, child’s sex and marital status show insignificant effects under-five child health outcomes. The policy implication is that health professionals should intensify education on early child suckling and succeeding dietary mix to obviate poor health outcomes. This study also implores the Ministry of Health and Child Care in Zimbabwe to review existing vaccination programmes by extending to households with poor child health outcomes found in inaccessible areas. As a contribution, this study provides a platform for deliberations on family care and child health care in African societies.

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Fagan, Jay, Yookyong Lee, Rob Palkovitz, and Natasha Cabrera. "Mediators of the Relationship Between Stable Nonresident Households and Toddler Outcomes." Journal of Family Issues 32, no. 11 (March 8, 2011): 1543–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x11400172.

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The present study examined the associations between stable nonresidence among never married parents (compared with coresident parents) and outcomes for toddlers using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey–Birth Cohort. The authors found small to medium negative associations between stable nonresidence and toddlers’ positive social behavior and small negative associations between stable nonresidence and toddlers’ cognition. The associations between stable nonresidence and positive social behavior and cognition were explained by mothers’ supportiveness during interactions with the child. The findings suggest that toddlers in stable nonresident families are at greater risk for lowered school readiness because of diminished quality of maternal interactions with the child. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.

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Kochanska, Grazyna, Lea J. Boldt, Sanghag Kim, Jeung Eun Yoon, and Robert A. Philibert. "Developmental interplay between children's biobehavioral risk and the parenting environment from toddler to early school age: Prediction of socialization outcomes in preadolescence." Development and Psychopathology 27, no. 3 (August 26, 2014): 775–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579414000777.

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AbstractWe followed 100 community families from toddler age to preadolescence. Each mother– and father–child dyad was observed at 25, 38, 52, 67, and 80 months (10 hr/child) to assess positive and power-assertive parenting. At age 10 (N = 82), we obtained parent- and child-reported outcome measures of children's acceptance of parental socialization: cooperation with parental monitoring, negative attitude toward substance use, internalization of adult values, and callous–unemotional tendencies. Children who carried a short serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region gene (5-HTTLPR) allele and were highly anger prone, based on anger observed in laboratory from 25 to 80 months, were classified as high in biobehavioral risk. The remaining children were classified as low in biobehavioral risk. Biobehavioral risk moderated links between parenting history and outcomes. For low-risk children, parenting measures were unrelated to outcomes. For children high in biobehavioral risk, variations in positive parenting predicted cooperation with monitoring and negative attitude toward substance use, and variations in power-assertive parenting predicted internalization of adult values and callous–unemotional tendencies. Suboptimal parenting combined with high biobehavioral risk resulted in the poorest outcomes. The effect for attitude toward substance use supported differential susceptibility: children high in biobehavioral risk who received optimal parenting had a more adaptive outcome than their low-risk peers. The remaining effects were consistent with diathesis–stress.

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Seginer, Rachel, Ad Vermulst, and Jan Gerris. "Bringing up adolescent children: A longitudinal study of parents’ child-rearing stress." International Journal of Behavioral Development 26, no. 5 (September 2002): 410–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250143000355.

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This study presents a longitudinal child-rearing stress model for adolescents’ parents. The model depicts the indirect associations between parental antecedents (physical strain and perceived problematic child behaviour) and adolescent outcomes (emotional stability, positive outlook for the future, reported by adolescents), via adolescents’ perceptions of parent-adolescent positive relationship. Empirical estimates of the model were carried out by LISREL analyses of data collected from 369 Dutch families and their 208 adolescent daughters and 161 sons, at two time-points (T1, T2) five years apart. Analyses indicated a good fit between the theoretical model and its estimates for four family dyads (mother-girl, mother-boy, father-girl, father-boy). Parents’ sex differences were dependent on sex of child, and the empirical estimates explained a larger percentage of the variance of positive outlook for the future of girls than of boys. In addition, fathers’ reports regarding problematic child behaviour at T1 were directly linked to girls’ outcomes. Discussion focuses on the stability of child-rearing stress, the pivotal role of adolescent-parent relationship, and sex-of-parent by sex-of-adolescent-child differences.

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Faché, Willy. "Positieve jeugdontwikkelingsbenadering in jongerencentra en jeugdclubs." Pedagogiek 40, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 289–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ped2020.3.003.fach.

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Abstract Positive youth development outcomes of youth centers. International literature study. This article is about open access youth centers. Because these centers focus on the age group 14-25, a target group that is in the transition from child to adulthood, they must seek to maximize positive developmental outcomes for youth. After discussing the positive developmental approach, we describe how open access youth centers realize youth development in the world. This article is based on an analysis of Dutch, English, French and German language studies on the outcomes, objectives and functions of youth centers in Europe, USA, Canada and Australia. The positive development outcomes, which I found in the literature, have been brought together in fifteen functions. The aim of this article is to give inspiration for improvement and innovation of youth work practice in Flanders.

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Romero, Estrella, Laura López-Romero, Beatriz Domínguez-Álvarez, Paula Villar, and Jose Antonio Gómez-Fraguela. "Testing the Effects of COVID-19 Confinement in Spanish Children: The Role of Parents’ Distress, Emotional Problems and Specific Parenting." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (September 24, 2020): 6975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17196975.

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The present study aimed to examine the effects of the Spanish confinement derived from the COVID-19 crisis on children and their families, accounting for child’s age. A range of child negative (e.g., conduct problems) and positive outcomes (e.g., routine maintenance) were examined, along with a set of parent-related variables, including resilience, perceived distress, emotional problems, parenting distress and specific parenting practices (e.g., structured or avoidant parenting), which were modeled through path analysis to better understand child adjustment. Data were collected in April 2020, with information for the present study provided by 940 (89.6%) mothers, 102 (9.7%) fathers and 7 (0.7%) different caregivers, who informed on 1049 Spanish children (50.4% girls) aged 3 to 12 years (Mage = 7.29; SD = 2.39). The results suggested that, according to parents’ information, most children did not show important changes in behavior, although some increasing rates were observed for both negative and positive outcomes. Child adjustment was influenced by a chain of effects, derived from parents’ perceived distress and emotional response to the COVID-19 crisis, via parenting distress and specific parenting practices. While parenting distress in particular triggered child negative outcomes, specific parenting practices were more closely related to child positive outcomes. These findings may help to better inform, for potential future outbreaks, effective guidelines and prevention programs aimed at promoting the child’s well-being in the family.

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Fabiano, Gregory A., and Abigail Caserta. "Future Directions in Father Inclusion, Engagement, Retention, and Positive Outcomes in Child and Adolescent Research." Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 47, no. 5 (August 15, 2018): 847–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2018.1485106.

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Ernst, Amy A., Steven J. Weiss, Shannon Enright-Smith, and J. Paul Hansen. "Positive outcomes from an immediate and ongoing intervention for child witnesses of intimate partner violence." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 26, no. 4 (May 2008): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.06.018.

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Simonsen, Brandi, Lucille Eber, Anne C. Black, George Sugai, Holly Lewandowski, Barbara Sims, and Diane Myers. "Illinois Statewide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports." Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions 14, no. 1 (July 7, 2011): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098300711412601.

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More than 1,000 Illinois schools are implementing schoolwide positive behavior support (SWPBS) to enhance outcomes for students and staff. Consequently, Illinois established layered support structures to facilitate scaling up SWPBS. This paper describes the development of this infrastructure and presents the results of HLM analyses exploring the effects of implementing SWPBS, with and without fidelity across time, on student behavior and academic outcomes (office discipline referrals, suspensions, and state-wide test scores in reading and math) for a sample of 428 Illinois schools implementing SWPBS. Results indicate that (a) most schools implemented with fidelity and maintained or improved student performance across time and (b) implementation fidelity was associated with improved social outcomes and academic outcomes in math. Study limitations and implications are discussed.

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Majid, Hadia. "Increased Rural Connectivity and its Effects on Health Outcomes." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 18, Special Edition (September 1, 2013): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2013.v18.isp.a12.

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This paper examines the effects of increased connectivity in rural areas on child health outcomes. In particular, it studies whether improved access to markets for rural areas through an upgraded road network and greater openness, as measured by village electrification status, has had a positive impact on child health outcomes and awareness of health practices such as immunization and prenatal care. Using a 16-year panel dataset from rural Pakistan, we estimate two iterations of a probit model, where one examines the probability of child i being vaccinated and the second estimates the incidence of use of prenatal care. The results support the hypothesis that greater connectivity, as measured by road connectivity and electrification, improves health outcomes by increasing the likelihood of immunization and uptake of prenatal care.

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Smith, Brianna L., Sara Sara Zizzo, Anouk Amzel, Sarah Wiant, Molly C. Pezzulo, Sarah Konopka, Rachel Golin, and Alexandra C. Vrazo. "Systematic review of integration of neonatal and child health interventions with pediatric HIV interventions." International Journal of MCH and AIDS (IJMA) 7, no. 1 (November 10, 2018): 192–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijma.268.

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Background/Objectives: In the last decade, many strategies have called for integration of HIV and child survival platforms to reduce missed opportunities and improve child health outcomes. Countries with generalized HIV epidemics have been encouraged to optimize each clinical encounter to bend the HIV epidemic curve. This systematic review looks at integrated child health services and summarizes evidence on their health outcomes, service uptake, acceptability, and identified enablers and barriers. Methods: Databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed studies. Interventions of interest were HIV services integrated with: neonatal/child services for children <5 years, hospital care of children <5 years, immunizations, and nutrition services. Outcomes of interest were: health outcomes of children <5 years, integrated services uptake, acceptability, and enablers and barriers. PROSPERO ID CRD42017082444. Results: Twenty-eight articles were reviewed: 25 (89%) evaluated the integration of HIV services into child health platforms, while three articles (11%) investigated the integration of child health services into HIV platforms. Studies measured health outcomes of children (n=9); service uptake (n=18); acceptability of integrated services (n=8), and enablers and barriers to service integration (n=14). Service integration had positive effects on child health outcomes, HIV testing, and postnatal service uptake. Integrated services were generally acceptable, although confidentiality and stigma were concerns Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Each clinical “touch point” with infants and children is an opportunity to provide comprehensive health services. In the current era of flat funding levels, integration of HIV and child health services is an effective, acceptable way to achieve positive child health outcomes. Key words: Africa, HIV, PITC • Child health services • PMTCT, neonatal health • Literature review • Immunization program Copyright © 2018 Smith et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Hébert, Martine, Francine Lavoie, and Nathalie Parent. "An Assessment of Outcomes Following Parents’ Participation in a Child Abuse Prevention Program." Violence and Victims 17, no. 3 (June 2002): 355–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.17.3.355.33664.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes following participation in the ESPACE parents’ workshop. A group of 55 parents who participated in the program, implemented in elementary schools in the Quebec city region, was compared to a group of 217 parents who did not attend the prevention workshop. The results revealed that attending parents suggested more adequate interventions to the vignette depicting a hypothetical situation of sexual abuse compared to nonattending parents. Attending parents are found to be more likely to suggest interventions sustaining the child in her own problem-solving process, seek help from specialized agencies, and attempt to offer emotional support to the victim. Data also reveal that the parents workshop has a positive outcome on knowledge. While the workshop is associated with beneficial outcomes, attendance rates are low. The findings are discussed in the context of identifying means to foster parent involvement in the prevention of child abuse.

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Gartner, S., I. Lima, S. Rovira, I. de Mir, A. Torrent, I. Iglesias, M. Mayorga, T. Cueva, A. Diez, and A. Moreno. "P019 Inconclusive Cystic Fibrosis Positive Neonatal Screening (CFSPID): clinical outcomes." Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 20 (2021): S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01046-8.

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Stevens, Timothy P., Neil N. Finer, Waldemar A. Carlo, Peter G. Szilagyi, Dale L. Phelps, Michele C. Walsh, Marie G. Gantz, et al. "Respiratory Outcomes of the Surfactant Positive Pressure and Oximetry Randomized Trial (SUPPORT)." Journal of Pediatrics 165, no. 2 (August 2014): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.02.054.

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McMorrow, Aoife, Cameron Smirk, Peter G. Davis, and Lisa M. Fox. "Outcomes of preterm infants receiving positive pressure support at term corrected gestation." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 50, no. 2 (October 18, 2013): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12401.

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Skinner, Lindsey Anne, Deborah Stiffler, Nancy Swigonski, Kara Casavan, Ashley Irby, and Jack Edward Turman, Jr. "Grassroots Maternal Child Health Leadership Curriculum." ENGAGE! Co-created Knowledge Serving the City 1, no. 1 (May 23, 2019): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/22727.

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In the United States, Indiana ranks 43rdfor its infant mortality rate. Twenty-nine (of the 988) Indiana zip codes account for 27% of infant deaths. There is a need to train and mentor community members to lead local maternal and child health (MCH) efforts that address the priorities of community members as related to poor birth outcomes and facilitate the community’s solution strategies to this important public health problem. This community-centered approach coupled with local healthcare delivery helps thoroughly address local adverse birth outcomes. A comprehensive grassroots MCH leadership curriculum is needed for this training process. To meet this need we developed and solicited feedback on a curriculum designed to train community members situated in Indiana’s high-risk zip codes to be grassroots maternal child health leader (GMCHLs). The curriculum teaches GMCHLs the knowledge and skills to become self-reflective leaders who understand the causes and effects of adverse and inequitable birth outcomes, the negative health effects of chronic stress, and the protective power of the community. These GMCHLs will become skilled in the use of storytelling, Photovoice, policy development/advocacy and EvaluLead to build the capacity of their local community to support positive maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes.

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Hambrick, Erin P., Thomas W. Brawner, and Bruce D. Perry. "Examining Developmental Adversity and Connectedness in Child Welfare-Involved Children." Children Australia 43, no. 2 (June 2018): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2018.21.

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Identifying optimal out-of-home placements for child welfare-involved youth is challenging. Examples of youth recovering within each “out-of-home” placement type (foster, relative, residential) are evident, as are examples of youth who are deteriorating. The heterogeneity in developmental history and current functioning of youth makes blanket policies regarding placement unwise. Examination of developmental heterogeneity and functioning of youth in the welfare system can provide insights about factors influencing outcomes, thereby informing practice, program and policy. We explore whether current relational health (connectedness) promotes positive outcomes for child welfare-involved youth while controlling for developmental risk (history of adverse, and lack of relationally positive, experiences). Clinicians at 19 organisations serving child welfare-involved youth used a neurodevelopmentally informed approach to intervention, the Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics (NMT), which includes metrics to assess the developmental timing of children's risk, “connectedness” and neurodevelopmental functioning (e.g., sleep, arousal, cortical control). Data-driven statistical techniques were used to produce stable, generalisable estimates. Risk during the perinatal (0–2 months) period significantly predicted children's functioning; current relational health predicted outcomes more strongly. Although early life developmental risk has a persistent effect on functioning, relationally supportive contexts may mitigate this risk. Improving relational contexts of child welfare-involved youth, regardless of placement type, is key.

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Jones, Steven, Rachel Calam, Matthew Sanders, Peter J. Diggle, Robert Dempsey, and Vaneeta Sadhnani. "A Pilot Web Based Positive Parenting Intervention to Help Bipolar Parents to Improve Perceived Parenting Skills and Child Outcomes." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 42, no. 3 (April 2, 2013): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135246581300009x.

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Background: Children of bipolar parents are at elevated risk for psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder. Helping bipolar parents to optimize parenting skills may improve their children's mental health outcomes. Clear evidence exists for benefits of behavioural parenting programmes, including those for depressed mothers. However, no studies have explored web-based self-directed parenting interventions for bipolar parents. Aims: The aim of this research was to conduct a pilot study of a web-based parenting intervention based on the Triple P-Positive Parenting Programme. Method: Thirty-nine self-diagnosed bipolar parents were randomly allocated to the web-based intervention or a waiting list control condition. Parents reported on their index child (entry criterion age 4–10 years old). Perceived parenting behaviour and child behaviour problems (internalizing and externalizing) were assessed at inception and 10 weeks later (at course completion). Fifteen participants (4 control group and 11 intervention group) did not provide follow-up data. Results: Levels of child behaviour problems (parent rated; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) were above clinical thresholds at baseline, and problematic perceived parenting (self-rated; Parenting Scale) was at similar levels to those in previous studies of children with clinically significant emotional and behavioural problems. Parents in the intervention group reported improvements in child behaviour problems and problematic perceived parenting compared to controls. Conclusions: A web-based positive parenting intervention may have benefits for bipolar parents and their children. Initial results support improvement in child behaviour and perceived parenting. A more definitive study addressing the limitations of the current work is now called for.

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Demers, Lauren A., Elizabeth D. Handley, Ruskin H. Hunt, Fred A. Rogosch, Sheree L. Toth, Kathleen M. Thomas, and Dante Cicchetti. "Childhood Maltreatment Disrupts Brain-Mediated Pathways Between Adolescent Maternal Relationship Quality and Positive Adult Outcomes." Child Maltreatment 24, no. 4 (May 13, 2019): 424–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559519847770.

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The quality of early caregiving may partially shape brain structure and circuits involved in regulating emotions, including the frontal cortex, affecting vulnerability to the development of psychopathology and maladaptation. Given the profound impact of child maltreatment (CM) on psychological and neural development, we tested whether CM alters the pathways linking mother–adolescent relationship, frontal cortex, and adult outcomes. We used structural equation modeling to investigate whether CM history affected the association between mother–child relationship quality during early adolescence, frontal lobe volume in adulthood, and adult internalizing and externalizing symptomatology and competence. Participants from a longitudinal high-risk, low-income sample included 48 adults with a history of CM and 40 adults without such history ( M = 30.0 years). Results showed that greater frontal lobe volume predicted higher levels of adult adaptive functioning and fewer adult internalizing symptoms but showed no relation to adult externalizing symptoms. Frontal lobe volume significantly mediated the effect of adolescent maternal relationship quality on both adult internalizing symptoms and adult adaptive functioning, but only for individuals with no maltreatment history. Given the observed relationship between frontal lobe volume and healthy adult functioning across the full sample, it will be important to identify protective factors in maltreated individuals that foster frontal lobe development.

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Moser, Richard P., and Theodore Jacob. "Parental and Sibling Effects in Adolescent Outcomes." Psychological Reports 91, no. 2 (October 2002): 463–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.2.463.

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This study examined the differential effects of parenting and sibling influences (and the interaction between the two) in predicting adolescents' problem behaviors. The reliability and validity of the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire was also assessed. Subjects were 99 intact families from the San Francisco Bay area, all of whom contained both parents and at least one target child between 10 and 18 years of age still living in the home. Analysis indicated that sibling behavior was a significant predictor of deviant behavior, as measured by the Child Behavior Checklist, even when parenting effects were statistically controlled. Parenting effects had a separate effect on adolescents' positive behaviors. The analysis of the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire indicated adequate test-retest and internal consistency reliability, and construct validity. Findings are discussed in terms of the larger literature on socialization on the different ways that siblings and parents influence adolescent outcomes.

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Kim, Leslie, C. Ellis Wisely, Shana Lucius, Jori Weingarten, and Edward Eugene Dodson. "Positive Outcomes and Surgical Strategies for Bilateral Cochlear Implantation in a Child With X-Linked Deafness." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 125, no. 2 (September 7, 2015): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489415604167.

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Kim, Sanghag, Lea J. Boldt, and Grazyna Kochanska. "From parent–child mutuality to security to socialization outcomes: developmental cascade toward positive adaptation in preadolescence." Attachment & Human Development 17, no. 5 (August 10, 2015): 472–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2015.1072832.

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Kim, Leslie, Clayton E. Wisely, Shana Lucius, Jori Weingarten, and Edward E. Dodson. "Positive Outcomes and Surgical Strategies for Bilateral Cochlear Implantation in a Child with X-Linked Deafness." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 151, no. 1_suppl (September 2014): P223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599814541629a272.

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Love, Sarah C., Constance A. Mara, Anne E. Kalomiris, and Natoshia R. Cunningham. "The Influence of Caregiver Distress and Child Anxiety in Predicting Child Somatization in Youth with Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders." Children 6, no. 12 (December 3, 2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children6120134.

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Pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) are associated with adverse outcomes including increased somatization (e.g., heightened physiological sensations that include gastroenterological and non-gastroenterological symptoms) and increased functional disability. Caregiver distress and child anxiety are separately associated with the adverse outcomes of pediatric FAPD. However, the cumulative role of caregiver (i.e., stress, anxiety, and depression) and child psychological functioning (anxiety) in relation to adverse outcomes associated with FAPD, and particularly somatization, is unclear. Thus, the present investigation sought to examine the role of caregiver distress and child anxiety in relation to pain-related functioning (i.e., somatization, pain intensity, functional disability) in youth with FAPD. Data were gathered as part of a larger study examining a psychological treatment for youth with FAPD. Participants (ages 9–14) with FAPD completed measures of child anxiety, pain, and pain-related functioning. Caregivers completed a measure of caregiver distress (e.g., stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms). Pearson correlations revealed significant positive associations between child anxiety and child functional disability. Additionally, caregiver anxiety, child anxiety, and child somatization were all significantly and positively correlated with one another. Therefore, we assessed whether child anxiety may potentially mediate the relationship between caregiver anxiety and child somatization in this cross-sectional study. The indirect association between caregiver anxiety and child somatization via child anxiety was not significant. Future research including longitudinal designs to further understand the relationship between caregiver anxiety, child anxiety, and child pain-related functioning, would enhance understanding of how these potentially modifiable psychological factors may impact adverse outcomes of FAPD.

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Burstein, Dina, Chloe Yang, Kay Johnson, Jeff Linkenbach, and Robert Sege. "Transforming Practice with HOPE (Healthy Outcomes from Positive Experiences)." Maternal and Child Health Journal 25, no. 7 (May 5, 2021): 1019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-021-03173-9.

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Alampay, Liane Peña, Jennifer Godwin, Jennifer E. Lansford, Anna Silvia Bombi, Marc H. Bornstein, Lei Chang, Kirby Deater-Deckard, et al. "Severity and justness do not moderate the relation between corporal punishment and negative child outcomes." International Journal of Behavioral Development 41, no. 4 (June 9, 2017): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025417697852.

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There is strong evidence of a positive association between corporal punishment and negative child outcomes, but previous studies have suggested that the manner in which parents implement corporal punishment moderates the effects of its use. This study investigated whether severity and justness in the use of corporal punishment moderate the associations between frequency of corporal punishment and child externalizing and internalizing behaviors. This question was examined using a multicultural sample from eight countries and two waves of data collected one year apart. Interviews were conducted with 998 children aged 7–10 years, and their mothers and fathers, from China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Thailand, and the United States. Mothers and fathers responded to questions on the frequency, severity, and justness of their use of corporal punishment; they also reported on the externalizing and internalizing behavior of their child. Children reported on their aggression. Multigroup path models revealed that across cultural groups, and as reported by mothers and fathers, there is a positive relation between the frequency of corporal punishment and externalizing child behaviors. Mother-reported severity and father-reported justness were associated with child-reported aggression. Neither severity nor justness moderated the relation between frequency of corporal punishment and child problem behavior. The null result suggests that more use of corporal punishment is harmful to children regardless of how it is implemented, but requires further substantiation as the study is unable to definitively conclude that there is no true interaction effect.

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Flynn, Erin, Alexandra G. Zoller, Megan K. Mueller, and Kevin N. Morris. "Human-Animal-Environment Interactions as a Context for Child and Adolescent Growth." Journal of Youth Development 14, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 144–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2019.839.

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Human-animal-environment interaction (HAEI) is increasingly used in special education. While most research of HAEIs has identified effects that broadly support positive special education outcomes, further research of HAEI-based interventions in these environments is needed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 teaching staff at a special education school that utilizes a range of HAEIs. The teachers are responsible for implementing evidence-based interventions to facilitate social-emotional learning (SEL), so assessing their unique perspectives on the impacts of HAEIs on student SEL outcomes is imperative. Phenomenological coding of the interviews identified 9 major themes that represented positive impacts as well as barriers and challenges experienced by students during HAEIs.

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Moraka, Natasha Onalenna, Sikhulile Moyo, Maryanne Ibrahim, Gloria Mayondi, Jean Leidner, Kathleen Powis, Adam R. Cassidy, et al. "2529. Child HIV Exposure and CMV Seroprevalence in Botswana: No Associations with 24-Month Growth and Neurodevelopment." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2207.

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Abstract Background HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children are at increased risk for poorer growth outcomes compared with HIV-unexposed/uninfected (HUU) children. Mechanisms underlying the poorer growth and delays in development of HEU children compared HUU children are not fully understood. We sought to define the relationship between child CMV status and HIV− exposure status and determine if a correlation existed between CMV status and growth (and neurodevelopmental) outcomes by 24 months of age in Botswana. Methods We used existing data and samples from the observational Botswana Tshipidi study, pregnant women living with HIV (WLHIV) and those without HIV, as well as their infants were enrolled and followed prospectively through 2 years postpartum. We tested 18-month child plasma samples from all available children for anti-HCMV IgG. We evaluated the association between positive (vs. negative) child CMV status at 18 months, and child growth, using the World Health Organization’s Growth Standard adjusted for age and sex and neurodevelopment at 24 months of age, using the Bayley Scales of Child Development (BSID) III. Results Of 317 children tested for CMV IgG at 18 months, 215 (67.8%) tested positive. Significantly higher proportions of HUU children had positive CMV serology (82.6%) compared with HEU children (47.4%, P < 0.01); 96.7% of HUU vs. 10.5% of HEU children breastfed. Child CMV infection was not associated with head circumference, weight-for-age, weight-for-height, nor height-for-age z-scores at 24 months. BSID III scores in receptive and expressive language, fine and gross motor, and cognitive domains at 24 months of age also did not differ by child CMV status. Conclusion We observed high rates of CMV seropositivity in 18-month-old children in Botswana with significantly higher CMV seropositivity among HUU children likely owing to breastfeeding. Positive CMV serostatus was not associated with child growth or neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Moon, Deborah J., Jeri L. Damman, and Aly Romero. "The Effects of Primary Care–Based Parenting Interventions on Parenting and Child Behavioral Outcomes: A Systematic Review." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 21, no. 4 (July 31, 2018): 706–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838018774424.

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Behavioral parenting interventions can enhance positive parenting practice, which is crucial in preventing maltreatment and promoting child well-being. Primary care has been increasingly recognized as an underutilized platform to widely disseminate evidence-based parenting interventions, given parents’ ongoing access to primary care without stigma and the perceptions toward health-care providers as a trustworthy source of information about positive parenting. This study sought to explore the effects of primary care–based parenting interventions on parenting practice and child behavioral outcomes while examining the types of and the theories of change underlying these interventions. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. Randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies of interventions targeting caregivers of children aged between 1 and 17 were included in the review. Information sources included electronic databases, relevant government and private organizational websites, and expert consultations. The final sample included 17 studies focusing on 10 interventions. Positive results were found in knowledge gain, locus of control, monitoring, parent–child interactions, and negative discipline. Child behavior outcomes were inconsistent as most studies reported nonsignificant changes while one study reported significant intervention effects on various externalizing behaviors. A limited number of studies described the process of adapting, installing, and implementing the interventions in primary care. Future studies should examine the types, dosages, and delivery formats that are most suitable and sustainable in the context of primary care to maximize its utility in promoting child well-being while preventing maltreatment through integrated behavioral parenting interventions.

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D’haenens, Florence, Bart Van Rompaey, Eva Swinnen, Tinne Dilles, and Katrien Beeckman. "The effects of continuity of care on the health of mother and child in the postnatal period: a systematic review." European Journal of Public Health 30, no. 4 (May 23, 2019): 749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz082.

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Abstract Background Continuity of care (COC) is essential for high-quality patient care in the perinatal period. Insights in the effects of COC models on patient outcomes are important to direct perinatal healthcare organization. To our knowledge, no previous review has listed the effects of COC on the physical and mental health of mother and child in the postnatal period. Methods A search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Web of Knowledge, CENTRAL and CINAHL), from 2000 to 2018. Studies were included if: participants were healthy mothers or newborns with a gestational age between 37–42 weeks; they covered the perinatal period and aimed to measure breastfeeding or any outcome related to the maternal/newborn physical or mental health. At least one of the three COC types (management, informational and relationship) was identified in the intervention. The methodological quality was assessed. Results Ten articles were included. COC is mostly present in the identified care models. The effects of COC on the outcomes of mother and child in the postnatal period seem mostly to be positive, although not always significant. The relation between COC and the outcomes can be influenced by confounding factors, like the socio-economic status of the included population. Interventions with COC during pregnancy appear to be more effective for all the studied outcome factors. Conclusion COC as management, relational and informational continuity starting antenatal has the most impact on the postnatal outcomes of mother and child.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Positive child outcomes'

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