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1

Malla, Ashok K., Ross M. G. Norman, and Peter Williamson. "Stability of Positive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 38, no. 9 (1993): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379303800910.

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Fifty-nine DSM-III-R schizophrenic outpatients were assessed for positive and negative symptoms using Andreasen's Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Reevaluation of these patients 12 months later revealed a moderate degree of stability for both SAPS and SANS total scores and most of their subscales. Only the subscale scores for apathy and bizarre behaviour failed to show a significant correlation in stability in 12 months. The results are discussed in the context of the reported literature.
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2

Nguyen, Hang T. M., and Hoang V. Nguyen. "Positive and Negative Emotions and Nonattachment in Vietnamese Buddhists." Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 3, no. 1 (2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v3i1.324.

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Several research has shown that nonattachment, a Buddhist practice, could reduce negative emotions and improve positive emotions (Sahdra & Shaver, 2013; Sahdra, Shaver, & Brown, 2010; Wang, Wong, & Yeh, 2016; Wendling, 2012). We aimed to explore such influences in a sample of Vietnamese Buddhists (N = 472). Our methods included the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger et al., 1983), the Nonattachment Scale (NAS; Sahdra et al., 2010), and a demographic and religious questionnaire. Results showed that positive emotion scores (M = 2.89, SD = .502) of participants were significantly higher than that of their negative emotion scores (M = 2.10, SD = .587, p < .001). People with strong religious commitment such as monks, lay-people who practiced at pagoda, and lay-people who practiced with sangha had higher positive emotion scores and less negative emotion scores than those whose religious commitment were weak. Nonattachment was positively correlated with positive emotions (r = .47, p < .01) and negatively correlated with negative emotions (r = -.37, p < .01). Nonattachment could also explain 21.7% positive emotions variance (p < .001) and 12.4% negative emotions variance (p < .001). Nonattachment and religious commitment could, therefore, influence greatly positive emotions in Buddhists. This result suggested a discussion about applying nonattachment to prevent emotional problems and improve psychological well-being.
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3

Vautier, Stéphane, and Eric Raufaste. "Measuring Dynamic Bipolarity in Positive and Negative Activation." Assessment 10, no. 1 (2003): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191102250338.

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The dynamic bipolarity of the positive and negative affective activation, measured with the PANAS scales, was studied using a pre-post design with an intervening experiment. The correlations between (a) the initial positive and negative constructs and (b) the respective change scores were estimated, random and systematic error being removed owing to a convenient structural equation modeling technique. Results demonstrated that a moderate perturbation may induce a medium correlation between latent change scores. Both strict dynamic independence and bipolarity were rejected. This result highlights the importance of individual differences in the way people perceive their affective changes. It is concluded that the PANAS two-factor model of affect provides only an approximate view of the structure and dynamics of mood.
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4

Kølbæk, Pernille, David Dines, Tine Holm, et al. "Clinical validation of ratings on the six-item Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale obtained via the Simplified Negative and Positive Symptoms Interview." Journal of Psychopharmacology 35, no. 9 (2021): 1081–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881121996890.

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Background: The six-item version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-6) has shown promise as a brief measure of the severity of core symptoms of schizophrenia. However, since all prior analyses of the PANSS-6 were based on data extracted from studies using the full 30-item PANSS (PANSS-30), it remains unknown whether it is possible to obtain valid information for the PANSS-6 ratings via a brief interview, such as the Simplified Negative and Positive Symptoms Interview (SNAPSI). Aims: We aimed to validate the PANSS-6 ratings obtained via the SNAPSI using the PANSS-6 scores extracted from the PANSS-30 ratings obtained via the comprehensive Structured Clinical Interview for PANSS (SCI-PANSS) as the gold-standard reference. Methods: The PANSS-6 ratings based on the SNAPSI and the PANSS-30 ratings based on the SCI-PANSS were conducted by independent raters with established inter-rater reliability. Results: Seventy-seven inpatients with schizophrenia ( Mage = 35.1 ± 11.7 years; males = 57%; paranoid schizophrenia = 75%) participated in the study. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the PANSS-6 total scores obtained using the SNAPSI and the PANSS-30-derived PANSS-6 total scores via the SCI-PANSS was 0.77 ( p < 0.001). The ICC for the PANSS-6 total score and the PANSS-30-derived PANSS-8 (Andreasen’s remission criteria) was 0.75 ( p < 0.001). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for changes in PANSS-6 total scores via the SNAPSI and changes in PANSS-30-derived PANSS-6 total scores was 0.70 ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: Using the SNAPSI to rate the PANSS-6 enables a focused and brief assessment of the severity of core symptoms of schizophrenia, which facilitates measurement-based care and clinical decision making in the treatment of schizophrenia.
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5

Yelsma, Paul, Alan J. Hovestadt, Johanna E. Nilsson, and Brian D. Paul. "Clients' Positive and Negative Expressiveness within Their Families and Alexithymia." Psychological Reports 82, no. 2 (1998): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.2.563.

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49 prospective clients from a midwestern urban community, who sought counseling at a university training clinic, completed the Self-expressiveness in the Family Questionnaire and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. As predicted, the positive self-expressiveness scores were significantly negatively correlated —.52 with scores on alexithymia, and the negative self-expressiveness scores were significantly positively correlated .34 with alexithymia. These results support the premise that mental health clients' self-reported lack of positive expressiveness and abundance of negative expressiveness within their family context may be attributes associated with their tendency to be alexithymic.
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6

Vodanovich, Stephen J., Kathryn M. Verner, and Thomas V. Gilbride. "Boredom Proneness: Its Relationship to Positive and Negative Affect." Psychological Reports 69, no. 3_suppl (1991): 1139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3f.1139.

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170 undergraduate students completed the Boredom Proneness Scale by Farmer and Sundberg and the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist by Zuckerman and Lubin. Significant negative relationships were found between boredom proneness and negative affect scores (i.e., Depression, Hostility, Anxiety). Significant positive correlations also obtained between boredom proneness and positive affect (i.e., Positive Affect, Sensation Seeking). The correlations between boredom proneness “subscales” and positive and negative affect were congruent with those obtained using total boredom proneness scores. Implications for counseling are discussed.
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7

Johnson, Patrick B., Lewis A. Opler, Paul M. Ramirez, and Robert Malgady. "Relationship between Neuroleptic Dose and Positive and Negative Symptoms." Psychological Reports 74, no. 2 (1994): 481–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.74.2.481.

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The present study explored possible connections between neuroleptic dose and the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients. Zero-order correlations between medication dose as measured in CPZ equivalent units and standardized assessments of positive (hallucinations, delusions) and negative (blunted affect, poor rapport) symptoms were carried out on 28 hospitalized schizophrenics. While dose was positively related to over-all negative symptom scores as well as specific negative symptoms, no relation was found with positive scores. The discussion focused on the possibility that negative symptoms might represent medication-induced side effects and the need for further research.
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8

Mortimer, A. M., C. E. Lund, and P. J. McKenna. "The Positive: Negative Dichotomy in Schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 157, no. 1 (1990): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.1.41.

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Two studies are reported. In the first, of 62 schizophrenic patients, no correlation between negative symptom scores (rated blindly) and any measure of positive symptoms was found. This independence was confirmed by factor and cluster analyses, which left the question of a third ‘disorganisation’ class of schizophrenic symptoms open. In the second study, of 80 patients, formal thought disorder separated unequivocally into ‘positive formal thought disorder’ and ‘alogia’ syndromes on the basis of correlations with positive and negative symptoms. Catatonic motor disorder also showed evidence of a corresponding positive: negative division, although this only emerged when severity or chronicity of illness was controlled for. Cognitive impairment showed a broad range of affiliations and its particular correlation with negative symptoms was perhaps artefactual.
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9

Morris, Neil, and Martin P. Johnson. "Apocalyptic Thinking, Autonomy, and Sociotropy." Psychological Reports 90, no. 3_suppl (2002): 1069–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.90.3c.1069.

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As the millennium approached there was a unique opportunity to examine beliefs about impending apocalyptic events. In March, 1998 60 English participants, 20 to 35 years of age, including 20 Jehovah's Witnesses, 20 Roman Catholics, and 20 Methodists, completed a four-dimension scale of Positive and Negative Autonomy and Positive and Negative Sociotropy and a questionnaire, Apocalyptic Thinking, on the millennium containing questions on apocalyptic beliefs. The aim of the study was to investigate the apocalyptic beliefs of a number of Christian denominations and examine the relationship between scores on apocalyptic thinking about the millennium and group cohesion. Jehovah's Witnesses scored highest on all scales except Positive Autonomy, and the Catholics had higher Negative Sociotropy and Apocalyptic Thinking scores than the Methodists. Negative Sociotropy scores correlated positively with Apocalyptic Thinking scores for all groups. These data suggest significant positive relationship between these Christian endorsements of the likelihood of apocalyptic events at the millennium and the extent to which they perceive nonmembers of their denomination as ‘outsiders’.
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10

Morris, Neil, and Martin P. Johnson. "Apocalyptic Thinking, Autonomy, and Sociotropy." Psychological Reports 90, no. 3_part_2 (2002): 1069–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003329410209000303.2.

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As the millennium approached there was a unique opportunity to examine beliefs about impending apocalyptic events. In March, 1998 60 English participants, 20 to 35 years of age, including 20 Jehovah's Witnesses, 20 Roman Catholics, and 20 Methodists, completed a four-dimension scale of Positive and Negative Autonomy and Positive and Negative Sociotropy and a questionnaire, Apocalyptic Thinking, on the millennium containing questions on apocalyptic beliefs. The aim of the study was to investigate the apocalyptic beliefs of a number of Christian denominations and examine the relationship between scores on apocalyptic thinking about the millennium and group cohesion. Jehovah's Witnesses scored highest on all scales except Positive Autonomy, and the Catholics had higher Negative Sociotropy and Apocalyptic Thinking scores than the Methodists. Negative Sociotropy scores correlated positively with Apocalyptic Thinking scores for all groups. These data suggest significant positive relationship between these Christian endorsements of the likelihood of apocalyptic events at the millennium and the extent to which they perceive nonmembers of their denomination as ‘outsiders’.
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11

van Erp, Theo G. M., Adrian Preda, Dana Nguyen, et al. "Converting positive and negative symptom scores between PANSS and SAPS/SANS." Schizophrenia Research 152, no. 1 (2014): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.11.013.

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12

Salavera, Carlos, and Pablo Usán. "The Mediating Role of Affects between Mind-Wandering and Happiness." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (2020): 5139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125139.

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The aim of this study was to assess the mediating role of affects between mind-wandering and happiness. The study was conducted with a sample comprising 270 university students—133 men (49.26%) and 137 women (50.74%)—who filled out the Mind-Wandering Questionnaire (MWQ), the Positive and Negative Affect Questionnaire (PANAS), and the SHS subjective happiness scale. Mind-wandering was found to be negatively correlated with happiness and positive effects. Higher mind-wandering-related scores went hand in hand with scores related to both lower happiness and positive affects. Approximately half the participants yielded low mind-wandering and negative affect scores and above-average happiness and positive affects scores. In addition, one in four scored above average in terms of mind-wandering and low in terms of happiness and positive effects. Finally, the mediating role played by affects was examined. It can be concluded that although in principle mind-wandering has no direct effect on happiness, some influence can be attested when affects, both positive and negative, are taken into consideration.
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13

INTRIERI, R., and Paige Goodwin. "Positive and Negative Affect influences Attitudes Toward Aging." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2314.

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Abstract The Aging Semantic Differential (ASD; Rosencranz & McNevin, 1969) is one of the most widely used measures in the aging literature to measure attitudes rather than knowledge or beliefs about aging. Originally 32-items the ASD has been reduced through careful factor analysis to 20-items representing 4 factors representing: Instrumentality, Autonomy, Acceptability, and Integrity. Latent summary scores were created for each factor, with lower scores representing more positive attitude toward older adults. Despite its widespread use there are no published studies that examine the relationships between the four ASD factors and Positive and Negative affect. Positive and Negative affect are related to and represent the core aspects of Extraversion and Neuroticism. The prime objective of this study was to assess the relationships between Positive and Negative affect and the four ASD factors. The sample comprises 1189 undergraduate participants with a mean age of 22.02 (SD=6.27). The sample included 611 men and 578 women. Results showed the path model fitted the data well (CFI = 953, TLI = .944, RMSEA = 0.066, SRMR = 0.035). Positive affect was significantly related to Instrumentality, Acceptability, and Integrity (β= -0.073, (SE= 0.034); p=0.034; β= --0.141 (SE= 0.033), p=0.0001; β= -0.146 (SE= 0.032), p=0.0001). These results show that higher positive affect was related to more positive beliefs about Instrumentality, Acceptability, and Integrity. Negative affect was significantly related to Integrity (β= 0.079, (SE= 0.032); p=0.012) indicating that greater negative affect was related to more negative beliefs about bodily integrity.
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14

Voruganti, LNP, RJ Heslegrave, and AG Awad. "Neurocognitive Correlates of Positive and Negative Syndromes in Schizophrenia." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 42, no. 10 (1997): 1066–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379704201008.

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Objective: To identify the neurocognitive correlates of positive and negative schizophrenic syndromes using a battery of information-processing measures as the principal method of evaluation. Method: Fifty-two treated, symptomatically stable, schizophrenic (DSM-III-R) patients and 24 age-matched, healthy volunteers were administered a computerized cognitive test battery (COGLAB). The battery included measures of preattentional, attentional, conceptual, and psychomotor performance. The patients' psychopathology was rated with the positive and negative syndromes scale (PANSS), which derived scores for positive symptoms, negative symptoms, general psychopathology, and insight. Results: Compared with controls, schizophrenic patients, as a group, showed significant deficits on all of the neurocognitive tasks. Impaired performance on the backward masking, span of apprehension, and Wisconsin card sorting tasks correlated significantly with negative symptoms (r = 0.27–0.40), general psychopathology (r = 0.29–0.42) and impaired insight (r = 0.34–0.52), but no clear association was found between positive symptom scores and neurocognitive deficits. Conclusions: Schizophrenic patients with predominantly negative symptoms and impaired insight seem to exhibit more severe neurocognitive deficits, which lends support to the evolving concept of schizophrenia subtypes and their distinctive neurobiological mechanisms.
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15

Rahul, Sandip Kumar, Meera Kumari, Ajay Kumar Jha, Bipin Kumar Singh, Rupesh Keshri, and Pallavi Suman. "Evaluation of RIPASA versus modified ALVARADO score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis." Yemen Journal of Medicine 3, no. 3 (2024): 218–24. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.yjom.2024.023.

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The diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis is mostly clinical through different scores; comparative assessment of Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis (RIPASA) score against modified ALVARADO score for the diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis would reveal the better score for clinical use.Evaluation of RIPASA score against modified ALVARADO score as a diagnostic score for Acute Appendicitis.A prospective study was conducted on all cases of suspected Appendicitis at a tertiary center from January 2021 to June 2022. Each patient was scored by both RIPASA and modified ALVARADO scores and Histopathological report for Appendicitis was taken as the gold standard. Both the scores were evaluated for their diagnostic ability.80 patients with suspected Acute Appendicitis with a mean age of 21.36years and with female predominance were scored by both RIPASA and modified ALVARADO scores. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive and Negative predictive values, Positive and Negative likelihood ratio, and area under ROC curve for RIPASA score (at 7.5 cutoff) were 94.74, 82.61, 93.10, 86.36, 5.45, 0.06 and 0.93; corresponding values for modified ALVARADO score (at 7.0 cutoff) were 59.65, 82.61, 89.47, 45.24, 3.43, 0.49 and 0.89 respectively. Both the scores had positive correlation when diagnosing an Acute appendicitis patient.RIPASA Score (at 7.5 cut-off) is a better diagnostic tool than modified ALVARADO Score (at 7 cut-off) due to better sensitivity, Positive and Negative predictive values, and higher area under the fitted ROC curve.
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16

Stroppiana, Daniela, G. Bordogna, M. Boschetti, P. Carrara, L. Boschetti, and P. A. Brivio. "Positive and Negative Information for Assessing and Revising Scores of Burn Evidence." IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 9, no. 3 (2012): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2011.2167953.

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17

Raghunath, Bindiya Lakshmi, Claudio Mulatti, Michelle Jin-Yee Neoh, Marc H. Bornstein, and Gianluca Esposito. "The Associations between Imageability of Positive and Negative Valence Words and Fear Reactivity." Psychiatry International 2, no. 1 (2021): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint2010003.

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This study investigated the associations of imageability with fear reactivity. Imageability ratings of four word classes: positive and negative (i) emotional and (ii) propriosensitive, neutral and negative (iii) theoretical and (iv) neutral concrete filler, and fear reactivity scores—degree of fearfulness towards different situations (Total Fear (TF) score) and total number of extreme fears and phobias (Extreme Fear (EF) score), were obtained from 171 participants. Correlations between imageability, TF and EF scores were tested to analyze how word categories and their valence were associated with fear reactivity. Imageability ratings were submitted to recursive partitioning. Participants with high TF and EF scores had higher imageability for negative emotional and negative theoretical words. The correlations between imageability of negative emotional words and negative theoretical words for EF score were significant. Males showed stronger correlations for imageability of negative emotional words for EF and TF scores. High imageability for positive emotional words was associated with lower fear reactivity in females. These findings were discussed with regard to negative attentional bias theory of anxiety, influence on emotional systems, and gender-specific coping styles. This study provides insight into cognitive functions involved in mental imagery, semantic competence for mental imagery in relation to fear reactivity, and a potential psycholinguistic instrument assessing fear reactivity.
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18

Campos, Alfredo. "Vividness of Imagery and Positive and Negative Values of Emotionality of Words." Perceptual and Motor Skills 67, no. 2 (1988): 433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.67.2.433.

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We estimated the correlations of scores on vividness of imagery of 122 undergraduates using Marks's imagery questionnaire with positive and negative emotionality values of words. We also studied the influence of imagery vividness (good and poor imagers) in emotionality. Analysis indicates a significant correlation for the 52 men and for the total group between imagery vividness and emotionality. The good imagers gave higher emotionality scores than poor imagers.
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19

Nemanick, Richard C., and David C. Munz. "Measuring the Poles of Negative and Positive Mood Using the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule and Activation Deactivation Adjective Check List." Psychological Reports 74, no. 1 (1994): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.74.1.195.

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The Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) has become one of the most widely used measures of mood. It was developed from research using responses to adjective checklists as empirical evidence for the two independent, bipolar factor model of mood. However, when scores on the PANAS were factor analyzed with those from another mood checklist, Thayer's Activation Deactivation Adjective Check List, the PANAS represented only half of the model proposed by Watson and Tellegen (1985) by not containing adjectives representing the lower poles of positive and negative affect.
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20

Yelsma, Paul. "Associations among Alexithymia, Positive and Negative Emotions, and Self-Defeating Personality." Psychological Reports 100, no. 2 (2007): 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.2.575-584.

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This study examined the associations among 210 college students' alexithymia scores and three emotional orientation scores. Students completed the following three self-report instruments: 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, 20-item Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and 24-item Self-defeating Personality Scale. As predicted, a linear regression model indicated that alexithymia was associated with negative emotional activation, self-defeating personality, and inversely associated with positive emotional activation. These three affect orientations accounted for 27% of the variance associated with subjects' cognitive-affective communication difficulties expressing their emotions. A second linear regression model indicated that negative emotion activation was significantly associated with self-defeating personality, and positive emotion activation was significantly inversely associated with self-defeating personality.
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21

Kumari, Meera, Ajay Kumar Jha, Bipin Kumar Singh, Rupesh Keshri, Pallavi Suman, and Sandip Kumar Rahul. "Evaluation of RIPASA versus modified ALVARADO score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis." Yemen Journal of Medicine 03, no. 03 (2024): 218–24. https://doi.org/10.63475/j.yjom.2024.023.

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Background: The diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis is mostly clinical through different scores; comparative assessment of Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis (RIPASA) score against modified ALVARADO score for the diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis would reveal the better score for clinical use. Aims and Objective: Evaluation of RIPASA score against modified ALVARADO score as a diagnostic score for Acute Appendicitis. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on all cases of suspected Appendicitis at a tertiary center from January 2021 to June 2022. Each patient was scored by both RIPASA and modified ALVARADO scores and Histopathological report for Appendicitis was taken as the gold standard. Both the scores were evaluated for their diagnostic ability. Results: 80 patients with suspected Acute Appendicitis with a mean age of 21.36years and with female predominance were scored by both RIPASA and modified ALVARADO scores. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive and Negative predictive values, Positive and Negative likelihood ratio, and area under ROC curve for RIPASA score (at 7.5 cutoff) were 94.74, 82.61, 93.10, 86.36, 5.45, 0.06 and 0.93; corresponding values for modified ALVARADO score (at 7.0 cutoff) were 59.65, 82.61, 89.47, 45.24, 3.43, 0.49 and 0.89 respectively. Both the scores had positive correlation when diagnosing an Acute appendicitis patient. Conclusion: RIPASA Score (at 7.5 cut-off) is a better diagnostic tool than modified ALVARADO Score (at 7 cut-off) due to better sensitivity, Positive and Negative predictive values, and higher area under the fitted ROC curve.
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22

Fawad, Ahmed. "Association of levels of c-reactive protein with positive and negative syndrome scale among patients with schizophrenia." International Journal of Biosciences (IJB) 24, no. 2 (2024): 175–81. https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/24.2.175-181.

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The research was done to explore the &ldquo;association of levels of CRP with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Score (PANSS) among patients of schizophrenia. This Cross-Sectional study comprised of a sample of 310 pre-diagnosed patients with Schizophrenia (diagnosed by psychiatrist as per the DSM V Criteria) of both gender with age range between 18 and 60 years with more than 6 months duration of illness. Patients were taken from Inpatient and Outpatient Department of Sir Cowasjee Jehangir Institute of Psychiatry, Hyderabad, chosen via non-probability consecutive sampling. An anonymous self-structured proforma which contained questions related to basic personal details, and particulars of disease (duration of illness and family history) and PANSS. Range of age in total patients in sample (n= 310) was 18-60 years with mean range of 32.88&plusmn;8.29 years. The mean PANSS Score was found to be 57.08 &plusmn; 11.88. The General Psychopathology Scale Score was found to be 15.16 &plusmn; 5.62. The Positive Scale Score was 12.50 &plusmn; 3.65 while Negative Scale Score was found to be 29.42 &plusmn; 9.62. Raised CRP levels were significantly associated with Negative Symptoms Scale Score. The results of our research study suggest that there is a positive association of raised CRP levels with negative symptoms scales scores of schizophrenia. Future research studies are the need of the time to explore the relationship of inflammation in schizophrenia patients. published by the <strong>International Journal of Biosciences (IJB)</strong>
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23

Emery, Lisa, Anne Sorrell, and Cassidy Miles. "Age Differences in Negative, but Not Positive, Rumination." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 1 (2019): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz109.

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Abstract Objectives The main objective of this study was to determine whether there are age differences in positive and negative repetitive thought (ie, rumination). Method Young adults (ages 19–39; n = 114) and older adults (ages 60–85; n = 88) completed measures of negative and positive rumination. Bayesian analyses were used to determine whether age differences were present for both negative (young &amp;gt; old) and positive (old &amp;gt; young) rumination. Results There was extremely strong evidence for age differences in negative rumination, with lower scores in older adults. In contrast, the evidence was in favor of the null hypothesis for positive rumination. Discussion Age-related positivity is better characterized as decreased dwelling on the meaning of negative moods, rather than increased attention to positive ones.
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Pourramzani, Ali, Seyedeh Sara Alyasin, and Sajjad Saadat. "Perfectionism in General Medicine Interns of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2021." Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences 30, no. 4 (2022): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jgums.30.4.1724.1.

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Background: Perfectionism has positive and negative aspects that can have different consequences for students' personal and academic background. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the Perfectionism score and the role of demographic factors in general medicine interns. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the statistical population of general medicine interns of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2020. 200 of them participated in this study using the convenience sampling method and they answered the demographic questionnaire and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale; FMPS. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used using SPSS-19 software. Results: The participation rate was 84.5% (169 people). The negative and positive perfectionism scores were (62.4±12.2) and (45.1±5.5). Students under the age of 25 had higher scores on the of concern over mistakes subscale (P=0.002). Male students had higher scores in the parental expectations (P=0.002) and personal standards (P=0.044). Married students scored higher in the parental expectations (P=0.031) and parental criticism (P=0.002) and lower scores in personal standards (P=0.002). Students with a history of physical illness had higher scores on the personal standards (P=0.006) and lower scores on the organization (P=0.045). In married students, more negative perfectionism (P=0.018) and less positive perfectionism (P=0.018) were reported. Conclusion: The results showed that the score of negative perfectionism is in the middle level and positive perfectionism is in the severe level and demographic factors such as young age, gender and marital status were effective on the components of perfectionism.
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Ladd, Ellen R., M. Cay Welsh, William F. Vitulli, Elise E. Labbé, and Joseph G. Law. "Narcissism and Causal Attribution." Psychological Reports 80, no. 1 (1997): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.1.171.

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This study examined the relationship between scores on narcissistic personality traits and causal attributions to positive and negative events. 119 undergraduate students in psychology as participants completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-40, the Attributional Style Questionnaire, and several Self-referencing Closed-ended Vignettes. Analyses indicated that men who scored higher on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-40 made more internal and stable attributions to positive events and more external and unstable attributions to negative events than did men who scored lower on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-40. Also scores on the Self-referencing Closed-ended Vignettes correlated significantly and positively with the Attributional Style Questionnaire, providing evidence for the validity of the vignettes.
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Paxton, Raheem, Chuong Bui, Rebecca Allen, and Edward Sazonov. "Dynamic Associations Between Lifestyle Factors and Positive and Negative Affect in Middle-Aged African Americans." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1405.

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Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the dynamic association between lifestyle factors and both positive and negative effect in middle-aged African Americans. Methods: Study participants (N = 69, Mean age=51 years, 80% female) were recruited from two African American churches in the Deep South. Participants completed daily surveys on positive and negative effect, physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet quality, and sleep quality daily for up to 10-days. Mixed-effect models were used to examine associations between the variables of interest. Results: On days that participants were more active, they experienced higher mean positive effect (P = .015) and lower mean negative effect (P = .028) scores. Conversely, more time spent sitting in lagged models (i.e., T-1) was associated with higher mean negative effect (P = .001) and lower mean positive effect (P = .040) scores. In lagged models, better sleep quality was associated with higher positive effects (P = .007) scores but reported lower negative effects (P &amp;lt; .0001) scores on the same day. Lastly, on days where diet quality was higher, positive effect scores were higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Association between diet quality and positive effect was moderated by age (P = .025). Conclusion: The data suggest that same and previous day health behaviors may have a significant impact on the health and well-being of middle-aged African Americans. More research is needed to determine whether these behaviors can be targeted in real-time as a means of improving mental health outcomes in this population.
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Henson, Heather N., and Edward C. Chang. "Locus of Control and the Fundamental Dimensions of Moods." Psychological Reports 82, no. 3_suppl (1998): 1335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.3c.1335.

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The present study examined the association between locus of control and positive and negative moods in 253 college students. Using the PANAS-X, designed by Watson and Clark, individuals scoring high on internal locus of control also scored higher across different dimensions of positive mood. Conversely, individuals scoring high on external locus of control had higher scores across different dimensions of negative mood.
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Philpot, Vincent D., and Jay W. Bamburg. "Rehearsal of Positive Self-Statements and Restructured Negative Self-Statements to Increase Self-Esteem and Decrease Depression." Psychological Reports 79, no. 1 (1996): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.79.1.83.

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Rehearsal of self-statements was used to modify scores on self-esteem and depression of 60 undergraduates low in self-esteem. Subjects in the rehearsal group were instructed to read 15 self-statements to themselves three times a day for two weeks. These self-statements were derived from a combination of the most frequently occurring negative thoughts and least frequently occurring positive thoughts given by the subject on the Automatic Thought Questionnaire-Revised. Negative thoughts endorsed by subjects on the questionnaire were restructured into more adaptive self-statements, and endorsed positive thoughts were modified into self-statements which accentuated the positive aspect of the thought. This procedure significantly increased scores on self-esteem and decreased depression scores. The questionnaire was effective in identifying positive and negative self-statements which were significantly related to scores on self-esteem and depression after 2 weeks.
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Miyano, Takuya, Masakazu Hirouchi, Naoki Yoshimura, Kotaro Hattori, Tsuyoshi Mikkaichi, and Naoki Kiyosawa. "Plasma microRNAs Associate Positive, Negative, and Cognitive Symptoms with Inflammation in Schizophrenia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 24 (2024): 13522. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413522.

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Schizophrenia is a complex and heterogenous psychiatric disorder characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Our previous study identified three subgroups of schizophrenia patients based on plasma microRNA (miRNA) profiles. The present study aims to (1) verify the reproducibility of the miRNA-based patient stratification and (2) explore the pathophysiological pathways linked to the symptoms using plasma miRNAs. We measured levels of 376 miRNAs in plasma samples of schizophrenia patients and obtained their Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) scores. The plasma miRNA profiles identified similar subgroups of patients as in the previous study, suggesting miRNA-based patient stratification is potentially reproducible. Our multivariate analysis identified optimal combinations of miRNAs to estimate the PANSS positive and negative subscales and BACS composite scores. Those miRNAs consistently enriched ‘inflammation’ and ‘NFκB1′ according to miRNA set enrichment analysis. Our literature-based text mining and survey confirmed that those miRNAs were associated with IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα, suggesting that exacerbated positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms are associated with high inflammation. In conclusion, miRNAs are a potential biomarker to identify patient subgroups reflecting pathophysiological conditions and to investigate symptom-related molecular mechanisms in schizophrenia.
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Grot, Stéphanie, Charles–Édouard Giguère, Salima Smine, et al. "Converting scores between the PANSS and SAPS/SANS beyond the positive/negative dichotomy." Psychiatry Research 305 (November 2021): 114199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114199.

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Martín, Miriam, Carolina Gonzálvez, María Vicent, Ricardo Sanmartín, Aitana Fernández-Sogorb, and José M. García-Fernández. "School Refusal Behavior Profiles, Optimism/Pessimism, and Personality Traits in Spanish Children." Education Sciences 11, no. 9 (2021): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11090524.

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The relationship between school refusal behavior (SRB) profiles and personality traits has received little attention from investigators. Identifying the profiles of students with school attendance problems may improve the understanding of the characteristics defining these students. The aim of this study was to identify different SRB profiles and analyze the relationship between these profiles, and optimism/pessimism and personality traits. The School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised, the Youth Life Orientation Test, and the Big Five Questionnaire were administrated to 739 Spanish students aged 8–11 (Mage = 9.92; SD = 1.12). Pearson’s correlation coefficients revealed a significant association between personality dimensions and SRB. Three distinct profiles were identified: (1) SRB by negative reinforcement (high scores on avoiding school-related stimuli provoking negative affectivity), (2) SRB by positive reinforcement (high scores on pursuing positive tangible reinforcement outside of school), and (3) Low SRB. The SRB profile by positive reinforcement scored higher on Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness, and Optimism, whereas the SRB profile by negative reinforcement scored higher on Neuroticism and Pessimism. More statically significant differences were found between the negative and positive reinforcement profiles. The role of negative personality traits and pessimism as risk factors for students who are truant or refuse to attend school are discussed.
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Novovic, Zdenka, Aleksandra Kovac, Veljko Djuric, and Miklos Biro. "Positive and negative affect in illusion of control." Psihologija 45, no. 4 (2012): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi1204395n.

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Research regarding the illusion of control was dominated by the studies examining the effect of depressive affect on the overestimation of control over uncontrollable events. However, the relative contributions of high Negative Affect (NA) and low Positive Affect (PA), as underlying dimensions of depressive states, has remained unclear. This study researched how both PA and NA had affected the illusion of control. Two weeks before illusion induction, trait PA and NA of 54 first-year university students were assessed, and just before and after illusion induction task their state forms were estimated. The induction consisted of solving unsolvable tasks and obtaining positive feedback for all the answers. The illusion of control was significantly correlated with all three PA scores, and none of the NA. After controlling for trait measures, the PA after illusion induction remained the only significant predictor of illusion. The relation of positive affect and illusory judgement in maintaining mental health were discussed.
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Viciana, J., E. M. Cervelló, and J. Ramírez-Lechuga. "Effect of Manipulating Positive and Negative Feedback on Goal Orientations, Perceived Motivational Climate, Satisfaction, Task Choice, Perception of Ability, and Attitude toward Physical Education Lessons." Perceptual and Motor Skills 105, no. 1 (2007): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.105.1.67-82.

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This study examined the effect of different types of feedback on goal orientation, perception of motivational climate, satisfaction, and boredom in physical education (PE) classes, pupils' preferences for challenging versus easy tasks, pupils' attitudes towards PE lessons, and perception of gymnastic ability. 95 subjects in three treatment conditions (positive feedback, negative feedback, and both feedback types) participated in 14 lessons and completed pre- and postintervention measures. Results showed that subjects in the positive feedback group had significantly higher scores on learning-oriented motivational climate and enjoyment than the subjects of the negative feedback group. The negative feedback group reported higher scores on performance-oriented motivational climate than the positive feedback group. Results also showed that subjects in the group receiving both types of feedback had lower scores on learning-oriented motivational climate, higher scores on enjoyment than the negative feedback group, and lower scores on boredom than the positive feedback group. The effects of feedback on physical education students' motivation are discussed.
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Petersen, Niels Bjørn G. "Whoever Has Will be Given More: The Effect of Performance Information on Frontline Employees’ Support for Managerial Policy Initiatives." Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 30, no. 4 (2020): 533–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaa008.

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Abstract Research has demonstrated how policy changes are bound to fail without the support of frontline employees. This study examines how performance information influences frontline employees’ support for managerial policy initiatives. We develop hypotheses stating that the exposure to positive and negative organizational performance scores compared to average scores increases frontline employees’ support for managerial policy initiatives and thus facilitate policy change. To test our hypotheses, we conduct a survey experiment on more than 1,500 social caseworkers working in Danish employment agencies. The results show that while the provision of positive organizational scores increases caseworkers’ support for managerial policy initiatives, there is no direct effect following the exposure of negative performance scores. However, additional exploratory analysis reveals that the caseworkers’ experienced work pressure moderates the effect of positive and negative performance information. Specifically, caseworkers that experience a high work pressure are more inclined to support managerial policy initiatives following positive and negative performance scores. Furthermore, the explorative analysis indicates that the caseworkers tend to ignore negative performance information, which strongly suggests that poor performance scores trigger identity-protective cognition. Overall, the study advances our understanding of the link between performance information and support of policy changes on the frontline of public services by showing how different performance scores influence employees’ support for managerial policy initiatives.
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Yao, Sai-Nan, Jean Cottraux, Evelyne Mollard, et al. "THE FRENCH VERSION OF THE SOCIAL INTERACTION SELF-STATEMENT TEST (SISST): A VALIDATION AND SENSITIVITY STUDY IN SOCIAL PHOBICS." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 26, no. 3 (1998): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465898000265.

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The French version of the Social Interaction Self-Statement Test (SISST) was studied in 95 social phobia and 87 non-clinical subjects. Total scores on both positive and negative scales significantly discriminated social phobics from non-clinical control subjects. Social phobics had higher scores than controls on negative statements and lower scores on positive statements. The positive and negative subscales of the SISST for social phobic patients were correlated with anxiety, depression and avoidant behaviours. The negative subscale was significantly sensitive to change in patients with social phobia receiving cognitive behavioural therapy. Our findings showed good convergent and discriminant validity of the SISST and the sensitivity of the negative sub-scale to improvement after cognitive behavioural therapy.
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Wenze, Susan J., and Kathleen C. Gunthert. "Affective Forecasting Bias: Liability or Protective Factor?" Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 32, no. 4 (2018): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.32.4.263.

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We examined whether affective forecasting biases prospectively predict depression and anxiety symptoms in the context of life stress. Participants (n = 72) completed– baseline measures of depression, anxiety, and mood predictions, followed by one week of ecological momentary assessments of mood. Three months later, they completed measures of depression, anxiety, and life stress. Neither positive nor negative mood prediction biases at baseline were associated with follow-up anxiety scores. Positive mood prediction biases were not associated with follow-up depression scores. However, the interaction between negative mood prediction bias and life stress predicted follow-up depression scores. Under conditions of greater life stress, stronger negative mood prediction biases predicted lower follow-up depression scores. Under conditions of positive life change, stronger negative mood prediction biases predicted higher follow-up depression scores. Negative mood prediction bias might serve as a protective or liability factor, depending on levels of stress. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
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Zwahlen, Helmut T., and Nimesh Kothari. "Effects of Positive and Negative Image Polarity VDT Screens." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 2 (1986): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603000215.

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Eight experienced typists worked two full days in a VDT workstation using either a hard copy-screen or split screen data presentation and a light or dark character CRT display. Each of the four conditions was run one half day, using a data entry and a file maintenance task. An Applied Science Laboratory 1998 computer controlled eye monitoring system collected eye scanning and pupil diameter data. Keystrokes per minute and errors per file were monitored by an Apple II computer which was also driving the IBM 3101 VDT (with glare filter). At the beginning and end of each 90 minute work session (separated by a 15 minute rest break or a 45 minute lunch break), the subjects answered 9 ocular and 9 musculoskeletal comfort/discomfort questions displayed on the screen. The results of this study show that the percentages of time, the number of dwells per minute, the dwell times of the subjects looking at different areas of the VDT workstation (screen, document, keyboard, outside), and the typing performance are closely the same for both screen polarities and there is no evidence that screen polarity affects any of these measures in a practically and statistically significant manner. There are also no practically and statistically significant differences for the pupil diameters. However, there appears to be a small but consistent trend which indicates slightly smaller pupil diameters when the dark characters with the light (green) background CRT display was used. The subjective discomfort questionnaire results do not reveal any significant differences in either ocular or musculoskeletal discomfort scores while using either the light or the dark character CRT display. Therefore, one might use either a light or a dark character CRT display and can expect very similar VDT operator eye scanning behavior, typing performance, discomfort scores and pupil diameters as long as a sufficient character-background luminance contrast is provided. If one wants to consider engineering factors such as longer tube life one should specify the use of light characters on a dark background VDT screen (negative polarity).
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Uyan, Tugce Taskin, Mehmet Baltacioglu, and Cicek Hocaoglu. "Relationships between childhood trauma and dissociative, psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: a case–control study." General Psychiatry 35, no. 1 (2022): e100659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2021-100659.

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BackgroundChildhood trauma (CT) is an important risk factor in the emergence and clinical course of psychiatric disorders. In the latest literature, an association exists between CT and patients with schizophrenia. There is also a strong relationship between the dissociative symptoms of schizophrenia and the presence of CT.AimsThe aim of this study is to examine the relationship between CT and dissociative, positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsOne hundred patients with schizophrenia and 100 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The Sociodemographic Data Form, Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were administered to all participants.ResultsThe CTQ and DES scores of the schizophrenia group were significantly higher than those of the control group. In patients with schizophrenia, a positive association was found between positive symptoms and DES scores. In terms of negative symptoms, a positive association was found between apathetic social withdrawal and CTQ-emotional neglect (EN), CTQ-physical neglect (PN) and CTQ total scores. There was a significant positive correlation between CTQ-EN scores and negative symptoms and PANSS scores. No significant relationship was found between negative symptoms and DES scores.ConclusionsHigh rates of CT and dissociative symptoms are seen in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, the findings of the relationship between CT and dissociative, positive and negative symptoms are also noteworthy. Therefore, it may be important for clinicians to assess trauma history during the psychiatric evaluation of patients with schizophrenia.
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De Francesco, Davide, Alan Winston, Jonathan Underwood, et al. "Cognitive function, depressive symptoms and syphilis in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals." International Journal of STD & AIDS 30, no. 5 (2019): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462418817612.

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We evaluated associations between history of syphilis infection and both cognitive function and depressive symptoms in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and comparable HIV-negative controls. Syphilis serological tests, cognitive function and depression were assessed in PLHIV and controls participating in the Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Observations in People Over Fifty study. Cognitive test scores were converted to demographically adjusted T-scores (mean = 50, SD = 10) and then averaged to obtain a global T-score. Severity of depressive symptoms was assessed via the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Associations of syphilis with global T-scores and depression were assessed using median regression. The 623 PLHIV and 246 HIV-negative controls were predominantly male (89.3% and 66.5%) with median age (interquartile range [IQR]) of 57 (53–63) and 58 (53–63) years, respectively. PLHIV had lower global cognitive T-scores (median [IQR] 48.7 [45.1, 52.1] versus 50.5 [47.0, 53.9], p &lt; 0.001), more severe depressive symptoms (median [IQR] 4 [1, 10] versus 1 [0, 3], p &lt; 0.001) and were more likely to report history of syphilis infection (22.0% versus 8.1%) than controls. There was no significant association between history of syphilis and global cognitive function in either PLHIV (p = 0.69) or controls (p = 0.10). Participants with a history of syphilis had more severe depressive symptoms (median [IQR] 4 [1, 9] versus 2 [0, 8], p = 0.03); however, the association became non-significant (p = 0.62) after adjusting for HIV status and potential confounders. Despite the higher prevalence of syphilis infection in PLHIV, there was no evidence of an association between history of syphilis infection and impaired cognitive function nor depressive symptoms after accounting for potential confounders.
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López-Benítez, Raúl, Tao Coll-Martín, Hugo Carretero-Dios, Juan Lupiáñez, and Alberto Acosta. "Trait cheerfulness sensitivity to positive and negative affective states." HUMOR 33, no. 3 (2020): 467–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2018-0028.

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AbstractRecent research suggests that trait cheerfulness triggers larger state cheerfulness variations after facing amusing and sad clips. The present study aimed at replicating and extending these effects. A sample of 80 psychology students (68 women) was selected depending on their scores in trait cheerfulness. Participants watched a set of positive and negative pictures, which was accompanied by statements, and were asked to report their affective states before and after watching them. The results showed that high versus low trait cheerfulness participants reported a larger increase in state cheerfulness, valence, and joy measures after the positive induction and a larger decrease in state cheerfulness after the negative induction. The results replicate and extend previous findings and support the idea that high trait cheerfulness people are more sensitive to the affective environment.
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Tarricone, Ilaria, Morven Leese, George I. Szmukler, Mariano Bassi, and Domenico Berardi. "The experience of carers of patients with severe mental illness: a comparison between London and Bologna." European Psychiatry 21, no. 2 (2006): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.09.012.

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AbstractPurpose.The experience of care giving inventory (ECI) is a self-reported measure of the caregiving experience as seen by the carer of a person with a serious mental illness. It comprises eight negative subscales and two positive subscales; positive and negative scores are obtained from these (ECI total positive and ECI total negative). This study aims to assess the validity and the reliability of the Italian version of the ECI and to compare the experience of carers in London and Bologna as measured by the ECI.Method.The sample consisted of 95 Bologna carers and 69 London carers of patients suffering from a functional psychotic disorder. The internal consistency of the Italian ECI and correlation between the Italian ECI total negative and the GHQ-12 (external validity) were estimated. Independent t-tests and chi-squared tests were used to compare sample characteristics and mean ECI scores. Regression analyses were used to control for confounders.Results.Internal consistency and validity of the Italian ECI were similar to these previously found. The Bologna caregivers had a higher ECI total negative than London carers; this difference was partially explained by worse patients' functioning and by a higher proportion of parents in Bologna. Bologna carers scored significantly lower on ECI total positive after controlling for relationship and patient functioning.Conclusions.The Italian ECI is a well-accepted and valid instrument to describe caregiving experiences. The similar scores in ECI total negative between London and Bologna underline a cross-cultural consistency of negative experience of caregiving and re-emphasise the importance of patients functioning in different cultural contexts. The differences found for ECI total positive suggest area for further research.
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Kvaal, Steven A., and Shobhana Patodia. "Relations among Positive Affect, Negative Affect, and Somatic Symptoms in a Medically Ill Patient Sample." Psychological Reports 87, no. 1 (2000): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.87.1.227.

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The Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), a brief measure of Positive and Negative Affect, may be useful in assessing mood of medical patients because it does not include somatic items frequently confounded with medical conditions. In previous research Positive and Negative Affect have been independent and uncorrelated, and Negative Affect but not Positive Affect has been positively correlated with somatic symptoms. However, relationships between variables may vary in different populations, and there is relatively little information on Positive and Negative Affect in medical patients. In the current study, the PANAS was used to assess the relationships among Positive Affect, Negative Affect, and somatic symptoms and pain in a medically ill hospital population. Positive and Negative Affect scores were positively correlated and for patients reporting pain, Positive Affect scores were positively correlated with pain intensity. Results from this and other studies indicate that Positive and Negative Affect are independent but in some populations may be correlated; positive affects such as hopefulness may co-occur with both somatic complaints and psychological distress.
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Lewis, Christopher Alan, Paddy McCollam, and Stephen Joseph. "Convergent Validity of the Depression–Happiness Scale with the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness." Psychological Reports 88, no. 2 (2001): 471–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.88.2.471.

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The Depression–Happiness Scale and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness were administered to 52 Northern Irish university students. Higher scores on the Depression–Happiness Scale were significantly associated with higher scores on the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale and the subscale scores of Positive Affect and Positive Experiences and with lower scores on Negative Affect and Negative Experiences. These data provide further support for the convergent validity of the Depression–Happiness Scale.
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BOONE, KYLE BRAUER, BRUCE L. MILLER, RANDOLPH SWARTZ, PO LU, and ALISON LEE. "Relationship between positive and negative symptoms and neuropsychological scores in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 9, no. 5 (2003): 698–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561770395003x.

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Patients with dementia, particularly those with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), are reported to display marked negative symptoms, including apathy, lack of initiative, and flattened affect, similar to those observed in schizophrenic patients. However, negative symptoms have yet to be formally quantified in an FTD population. Twenty-seven patients with FTD (11 primarily right-sided, 8 primarily left-sided, and 4 symmetric) and 7 patients with Alzheimer's disease were rated on the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and the Emotional Blunting scale. The FTD patients registered significantly more negative symptoms than the Alzheimer's patients, averaging a threefold increase; groups did not significantly differ in positive symptoms. Negative symptom scale scores were negatively correlated with nonverbal executive skills (23–44% shared variance), verbal executive skills (up to 25% shared variance) and verbal memory (up to 20% shared variance), but were unrelated to measures of attention, verbal and nonverbal information processing, nonverbal memory, language, and constructional skill. In contrast, positive symptoms were positively correlated with constructional skill (19% shared variance) and attentional scores (15% shared variance). These findings add to the existing literature relating negative symptoms to anterior cerebral hypofunction, and suggest that positive symptoms, at least in this population, may be tied to increased posterior activation. (JINS, 2003, 9, 698–709.)
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Cummings, Kyla G., Clarissa D. Morales, Dejania Cotton-Samuel, et al. "36 Regional Amyloid and Memory in Amyloid Positive and Negative Older Adults." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (2023): 346–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723004721.

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Objective:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology, including β-amyloid (Aβ), can be appreciated with molecular PET imaging. Among older adults, the distribution of Aβ standard uptake value ratios (SUVR) is typically bimodal and a diagnostic cut is applied to define those who are amyloid ‘positive’ and ‘negative’. However, it is unclear whether the dynamic range of SUVRs in amyloid positive and negative individuals is meaningful and associated with cognition. Previous work by Insel and colleagues (2020) used screening data from the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer’s (A4) trial to demonstrate subtle associations between a cortical summary SUVR and cognition, particularly on the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT). We followed up this study to determine the extent to which regional SUVR is associated with performance on the FCSRT in amyloid positive and negative participants screened for participation in the A4 study.Participants and Methods:We accessed regional Aβ SUVR, including anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, parietal, precuneus, temporal, and medial/orbital frontal regions, along with FCSRT15 and demographic data from 4492 A4 participants at screening. Participants were coded as amyloid positive (n=1329; 30%) or amyloid negative (n=3169; 70%) based on a summary SUVR of greater than or equal to 1.15. We used separate general linear models to examine the association of total or regional SUVR, amyloid positivity status, and the interaction of SUVR and amyloid status with FCSRT scores. We compared model fits across regions with the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). We ran post hoc correlational analyses examining the relationship between SUVR and FCSRT scores stratified by amyloid status in the case of significant interactions. Results were similar with and without demographic adjustment.Results:There was a significant interaction of summary and all regional SUVR with FCSRT scores in addition to main effects of amyloid positivity. In all models, there were small negative associations between SUVR and memory in amyloid positive individuals. For amyloid negative individuals, there was a significant and very small negative association between SUVR and FCSRT scores only in the parietal lobes and precuneus regions. Model fits were generally similar across the different analyses.Conclusions:In this sample of individuals screened for a secondary prevention trial of AD, there were consistent associations between Aβ SUVR in all regions and memory for those considered amyloid positive. However, for individuals considered amyloid negative, there were only very small associations between SUVR and memory in parietal and precuneus regions. We conclude that the dynamic range of amyloid may be relevant among those with diagnostic evidence of amyloidosis, but that subtle Aβ accumulation in posterior regions may relate to declining memory in “subthreshold” states.
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Mohr, Christine, Kerry Schofield, Ute Leonards, Marc S. Wilson, and Gina M. Grimshaw. "Psychiatric framing affects positive but not negative schizotypy scores in psychology and medical students." Psychiatry Research 266 (August 2018): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.028.

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AKSU, Hasan Suat, Abdullah ÇUHADAR, and Mustafa ARICI. "An Examination of Positive and Negative Reciprocity Norms as to Serious Leisure Activities and Demographic Variables." Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns 3, no. 2 (2022): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v3i2.45.

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Research conducted on positive and negative reciprocities mainly aims to determine the variables that impact this phenomenon. To this end, this study sought to ascertain the influence of participation in trekking and kickboxing as serious leisure activities along with several other variables on the positive and negative reciprocity attitudes. The study utilized a descriptive survey design and a random sampling method. The findings revealed a significant difference between the choice of serious leisure activities and demographic variables such as gender, age, and education level. Additionally, the mean scores of positive reciprocity attitudes increased proportionately to age and education level. Furthermore, the mean scores of positive reciprocity attitudes of the trekking participants were significantly higher than those of kickboxing participants.Keywords: Serious Leisure Activities, Positive and Negative Reciprocity, Kickboxing, Trekking
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Lai, Zhengwei. "The Effect of Mixed Emotional Stimuli on Associative Memory." Yixin Publisher 2, no. 4 (2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.59825/jet.2024.2.4.1.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of mixed emotional stimuli on associative memory. Emotional word pairs were chosen as the materials for the experiment, and the classical associative reconsideration paradigm was used to explore the effects of mixed emotional stimuli on associative memory under the condition of controlled arousal. Subjects were asked to learn different types of emotional word pairs in the learning phase, and associative recognition judgments were made on the word pairs in the recognition phase. It was found that the associative recognition scores (Pr) for mixed-emotion stimuli, positive-emotion stimuli, and negative-emotion stimuli were all significantly smaller than those for the neutral condition. The difference in associative recognition scores between mixed-emotion stimuli and positive-emotion stimuli was not significant. The association recognition scores for both mixed-emotion stimuli and positive-emotion stimuli were significantly higher than the association recognition scores for negative-emotion stimuli. The results suggest that mixed-emotion stimuli, positive-emotion stimuli, and negative-emotion stimuli impair associative memory compared to the neutral condition. Negative emotional stimuli impaired associative memory to the greatest extent, followed by mixed emotional stimuli and positive emotional stimuli.
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Vogel, Alecia C., Joshua J. Jackson, Deanna M. Barch, Rebecca Tillman, and Joan L. Luby. "Excitability and irritability in preschoolers predicts later psychopathology: The importance of positive and negative emotion dysregulation." Development and Psychopathology 31, no. 3 (2019): 1067–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419000609.

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Abstract:
AbstractEmotion dysregulation is a risk factor for the development of a variety of psychopathologic outcomes. In children, irritability, or dysregulated negative affect, has been the primary focus, as it predicts later negative outcomes even in very young children. However, dysregulation of positive emotion is increasingly recognized as a contributor to psychopathology. Here we used an exploratory factor analysis and defined four factors of emotion dysregulation: irritability, excitability, sadness, and anhedonia, in the preschool-age psychiatric assessment collected in a sample of 302 children ages 3–5 years enriched for early onset depression. The irritability and excitability factor scores defined in preschoolers predicted later diagnosis of mood and externalizing disorders when controlling for other factor scores, social adversity, maternal history of mood disorders, and externalizing diagnoses at baseline. The preschool excitability factor score predicted emotion lability in late childhood and early adolescence when controlling for other factor scores, social adversity, and maternal history. Both excitability and irritability factor scores in preschoolers predicted global functioning into the teen years and early adolescence, respectively. These findings underscore the importance of positive, as well as negative, affect dysregulation as early as the preschool years in predicting later psychopathology, which deserves both further study and clinical consideration.
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50

Liu, Wenyi. "Research on positive and negative sample sampling strategies in contrastive learning." Applied and Computational Engineering 101, no. 1 (2024): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/101/20241021.

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Abstract. Contrastive learning is an important technique in the field of machine learning for learning data representations. In the field of self-supervised visual representation learning, the strategy of positive and negative sample selection is key to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of model learning. Traditional self-supervised learning methods often employ random sampling strategies to select positive and negative samples, but this approach may result in uneven sample quality when dealing with complex datasets, thereby affecting the learning outcomes. To alleviate this problem, this study is dedicated to exploring more effective strategies for positive and negative sample selection and processing to optimize the self-supervised learning process. To this end, we propose an improved method of self-supervised learning called contrastive learning with enhanced diversity. On the one hand, this method utilizes the weight parameters of the DINO pre-trained model to initialize the feature extraction network of SimCLR, providing more accurate calculations of feature similarity. On the other hand, by setting a threshold on the feature similarity matrix and penalizing (subtracting 0.5 from) similarity scores that do not exceed this threshold, we reduce the excessive impact of high similarity scores on model training, thereby helping the model better distinguish between positive and negative samples. In downstream image classification tasks, we conducted detailed evaluations of the improved model, specifically including fine-tuning and linear evaluation aspects. Experiments show that the proposed approach improves the performance of the loss functions and improves the accuracy of the proposed SimCLR model.
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