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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Positive Obligations of a State'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Johansson, Josefin. "Holding States Responsible for National Corporates’ Extraterritorial Human Rights Violations: Possibility or Absurdity?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384811.

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Almost four decades have passed since the European Court of Human Rights introduced the concept of positive obligations. Positive obligations mean that the member states must take affirmative action in order to secure the rights and freedoms provided for by the European Convention on Human Rights. Since then, the scope of positive obligations has extended tremendously, and today all substantive rights generally contain positive obligations. The reason behind the development is to maintain the full effectiveness of human rights enforcement within the European context, and it has been enabled, i

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2

Glazewski, Anna. "Les « obligations structurelles » de l’État au regard du droit international des droits de l’homme : recherche sur une nouvelle catégorie juridique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020093.

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Le développement du droit international des droits de l’homme conduit le droit international public à réenvisager la question étatique. Loin de n’être que le relai fonctionnel permettant l’application effective du droit international, l’État devient en effet, par l’intermédiaire de son « appareil interne », un véritable objet de celui-ci. Se développe ainsi, par le biais de cette branche du droit international qu’est le droit international des droits de l’homme, un droit international de l’organisation de l’État. L’obligation structurelle est l’un des outils juridiques permettant cette évoluti

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3

Erman, Ayla. "Staters positiva förpliktelser och due diligence gällande våld mot kvinnor i hemmet : En kritisk analys av staters upprätthållande av kvinnors mänskliga rättigheter utifrån ett genusrättsvetenskapligt perspektiv." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323535.

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Although women’s rights have been widely recognized in the international agenda, violence against women in the private sphere does not seem to decrease. Women are still suffering today from not enjoying the most basic human rights. States fail often to recognize domestic violence as a human rights violation because it is committed in the private sphere by non-states actors. Because of this the European Court of Human Rights decided to develop the due diligence standard in 2008 to combat violence against women. This thesis examines the European Convention on Human Rights law regarding domestic

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4

Papanikolaou, Chryssi. "Le principe de l'État social : étude sur les limites de l'activité législative en droit comparé français et hellénique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D029.

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La Constitution française consacre la « République sociale » et la Constitution hellénique reconnaît « l’État de droit social ». Si le principe de l’État social a jusqu’à aujourd’hui été amplement appréhendé par les études doctrinales dans les deux États analysés en tant que principe indéterminé au « contenu normatif faible », l’intérêt de l’étude porte sur la possibilité de l’envisager autrement. Étudié́ dans le cadre du normativisme, qui nous impose d’envisager toutes les normes en tant que normes obligatoires, il convient de ne plus contester la force normative du principe en question mais

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5

Xenos, Dimitris. "Taking the state's positive obligations seriously." Thesis, Durham University, 2009. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2027/.

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In the supranational system of the European Convention of Human Rights, the state's liability is defined in terms of positive obligations when human rights have to be actively protected. In addition to the traditional negative obligation of non-interference, the state must also guarantee the enjoyment of human rights to all individuals within its jurisdiction. Individuals have to be actively protected against acts of interference from private parties and, where appropriate, to be assisted if they are not able to enjoy human rights due to their own circumstances of personal vulnerability. The l

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6

Duymaz, Erkan. "L'"effet horizontal" de la convention européenne des droits de l'homme." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30025.

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L’effet horizontal implique l’application de la Convention EDH dans les relations interindividuelles. Justifiée par la théorie des obligations positives, cette construction jurisprudentielle permet la mise en jeu de la responsabilité internationale de l’État lorsque celui-ci ne prend pas les mesures nécessaires pour prévenir et réprimer les violations de la Convention commises par les personnes privées. La reconnaissance de l’effet horizontal par le juge européen a pour conséquence la prolifération des obligations substantielles et procédurales de l’État. La transposition de celles-ci dans l’o

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7

Lumaret, Coraline. "L'effet horizontal de la Charte des droit fondamentaux de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020004.

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La Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’Union européenne a acquis une force juridique contraignante depuis l’entrée en vigueur du traité de Lisbonne. Les institutions européennes et les Etats membres lorsqu’ils mettent en oeuvre le droit de l’Union européenne sont donc liés par ses dispositions. Mais les autorités publiques ne devraient pas être les seules à être soumises au respect des droits et libertés qu’elle garantit. En effet, les particuliers, parce qu’ils peuvent, à l’instar des pouvoirs publics, attenter aux droits primordiaux de leurs semblables, devraient également être tenus de resp

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8

Fahy, Patrick. "State obligations to prevent breaches of Article 3 by non-state actors." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.673848.

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The thesis examines an area of human rights law where the author contends there is serious doctrinal imprecision and decisional inconsistency in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights; in the principles and practice applied in relation to the State's obligations under Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights to provide operational protection for At1icle 3 rights. The thesis relates this problem back to the failure of the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Osman v United Kingdom to sufficiently define the relationship between the notion of effectiveness a

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9

Turner, Ian David. "Human rights, positive obligations and the development of a right to security." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2016. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16597/.

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In this PhD by Published Work the author is advocating a right to security broadly grounded in ‘communitarian’ ideals. The ‘absolutist’ state theory of, say, Thomas Hobbes, to protect society from collapse, pays too little attention to genuine fears that the state can actually pose a threat to security; in giving the state significant powers of security, it can undermine the very values one is seeking to secure; and is there actual evidence that substantial gains in state power over the last fifteen years or so, since ‘9/11’, for example, have actually made nations more safe? But liberalism, a

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10

Dumberry, Patrick. "State succession to international responsibility /." Leiden : M. Nijhoff, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412862567.

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11

Féliz, De Jesús Ernesto José. "Obligations erga omnes as multilateral obligations in international law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:174ea3f0-a62b-448b-8675-266aa4f5684b.

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So-called obligations erga omnes, owed to the international community as a whole, including all States, now form part of positive international law. These obligations protect some of the most basic values of present-day international relations. Examples include the obligations not to commit genocide or torture, to uphold the most basic human rights, to respect the self-determination of peoples, and so on. However, there is little agreement as to what these obligations imply, how they have come about, and how to identify them. In the literature, at least, there is widespread agreement that obli

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12

Martzoukou, V. "Claims to resources and positive obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1472404/.

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This thesis investigates the question of what claims to resources and positive obligations are inherent in an effective respect for the rights protected by the ECHR. I advance my thesis first by way of a negative argument about where we cannot look for answers: in flawed categorizations and distinctions between different types of rights and duties and in formalistic or conventional interpretations of the ECHR. Instead, I treat this as an interpretive question that invites substantive moral arguments about what the content and extent of such claims may be in light of the principles and values u

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13

Craig, E. M. "Multilateral treaties and state obligations in relation to national minority education." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431581.

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14

Lammer-Heindel, Christoffer Spencer. "Does the state have moral duties? State duty-claims and the possibility of institutionally held moral obligations." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3330.

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We commonly attribute to states and other institutional organizations moral duties and obligations. For example, it is widely held that the state has a moral duty to protect its citizens from external threats and (more contentiously) it is claimed that it ought to positively promote the welfare of its members. When we focus on the surface grammar of such institutional duty-claims, we see that they seem to differ from individual duty-claims only with respect to the subject of the claim. Whereas an institutional duty-claim asserts that an institution (e.g., the state) has a duty to do some actio

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15

Okafor-Obasi, Obasi. "The enforcement of state obligations to respect and ensure human rights in international law." Universität Potsdam, 2003. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5133/.

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Content: I. The nature and form of international law 1. The acceptance of the existence of an international legal order 2. The legal position of the individual in international law II. Obligations of states in the protection of international human rights 1. Treaty-based human rights obligations 2. The nature of treaty-based human rights obligations 3. The ”absolute” and ”objective” character of human rights treaty obligations 4. Human rights conventions as self-contained regimes 5. The problem of characterisation of human rights obligations of states III. Human rights obligations aris

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16

Tang, Liyan. "Financial accountability of listed Chinese state-owned enterprises' unfunded pensions : including unreported pension obligations." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503805.

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17

Bloom, Tendayi. "The outsider within : obligations of a liberal democratic state towards noncitizens within its territory." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/3367.

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This dissertation provides a way for liberal democratic theorists to discuss obligations towards noncitizens within a state’s borders, and argues that, in fact, there are such obligations. Current theories of justice, even those engaging directly with migration across state borders, have been unable successfully to explain a state’s obligations towards non-citizens who are within its territory. This has two problematic ramifications. First, it indicates that there is a problem with theories of justice in their current form. Second, it means that it is difficult to find a liberal vocabulary to

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18

Van, Ittersum Kyle W. "Flow as a positive state: antecedents and outcomes of flow states." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15839.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Psychological Sciences<br>Clive J. Fullagar<br>The field of Industrial/Organizational Psychology has begun to incorporate elements from the growing field of Positive Psychology which has been manifest in Positive Organizational Scholarship (POS) and Positive Organizational Behavior (POB). This study examined two POB constructs, Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and Flow in a lab-based virtual-world simulation while utilizing Fredrickson’s (2001) broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. It was hypothesized that PsyCap would predict flow experiences and that

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19

Valentin, Martina. "Women, violence and state responsibility : a closer look at Sweden´s obligations under international law." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-95808.

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20

Eriksson, Maria. "Defining rape emerging obligations for states under international law? /." Doctoral thesis, Kållared : Örebro Universitet, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-10590.

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21

May, Farid. "Positive sum reciprocal engagement between China's grassroots NGOs and the local state." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d086ba14-6db3-47cb-a506-0730a467e851.

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This thesis explores state-society relations in China by focusing on the interactions between grassroots NGOs and local government departments. It presents the notion of positive-sum reciprocal engagement as one form of relationship that can emerge between the state and social organizations. Such engagement can be characterized as a dynamic and interactive process implying proximity, communication, joint action, mutual influence, mutual benefit and mutual empowerment, resulting in added value for society. Drawing on fieldwork carried out in six rural or semi-rural Chinese localities, including

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22

Mutchler, Amanda C. "Positive Promotion: The Current State of Body Positivity in Women's Magazine Advertisements." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555441883374652.

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23

Plumb, Sarah. "A positive clinical psychology approach to developing resilience among state employed nurses." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018879.

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Nurses are confronted with numerous work-related stressors that can result in burnout. This can contribute to absenteeism and high turn-over rates in the nursing profession. A review of the literature indicated that psycho-educational interventions to increase resilience could be an effective way of addressing this problem. The study aimed to develop a positive clinical-psychology approach to increasing resilience in State employed nurses. The study used a mixed-method approach to determine the current psychological functioning of a sample of 87 nurses. Quantitative data on personality traits,

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24

Mockienė, Akvilė. "Is the insolvency of the State legitimate basis to suspend or repudiate on international financial obligations?" Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090730_144742-25837.

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The author of this thesis raised question if the insolvency of a State is the legitimate basis for suspension or repudiation on international financial obligations. Since there is no uniform way to deal with the issue, the attention is given to different practices and guidelines of court’s reasoning. In order to answer the legal question, prove or neglect the hypothesis and fulfill goals descriptive, analytical and comparative methods are used. The paper consists of four major parts and proceeds in the following order. Part one provides general understanding of State as subject of internation

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25

Gebremeskel, Wintana Kidane. "Sitting head of state immunity for crimes under international law : conflicting obligations of ICC member states?" University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5515.

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Magister Legum - LLM<br>Sitting head of state immunity for crimes under international law has been a very controversial issue in recent times. On the one hand, the debate bears that personal immunity has been renounced for crimes under international law. On the other hand, the advocates of personal immunity claim that the principle of immunity is still persisting under customary International law. Although the International Criminal Court (ICC) is a treaty based court, it is able to extend its jurisdiction to non-state parties to the Rome Statute through a referral by the United Nations Securi

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26

Ali, Jaffar. "Multiple positive solutions for classes of elliptic systems with combined nonlinear effects." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07082008-153843.

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27

Manasse, Brilaine Lisa. "The state’s obligation to realise the socioeconomic rights of vulnerable groups: A case study of children on the Cape Flats." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7030.

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Magister Legum - LLM<br>The Cape Flats is known for poverty, gangsterism, over population and a general lack of basic necessities. What is often overlooked is where this negative perception emanates from. Generational poverty is an existent issue and has been influential in shaping the Cape Flats to what it is today. What this study aims to do, is to provide a background on a possible theory for this typecast that accompanies the areas broadly known as the Cape Flats. The study will show how the Apartheid era created a ripple effect for future generations, and how this may be the cause of the

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Paniagua, Toni A. Stephens John D. "Burden or resource? the positive impact of immigration on the Italian welfare state /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2771.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 10, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department Political Science Trans-Atlantic Studies." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.

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Boggs, Teresa. "The Effects of Social Validity on East Tennessee State University’s Positive Eating Program." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1505.

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30

Baeumler, Jelena. "The legal nature of WTO obligations: bilateral or collective?" Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4422_1380708069.

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31

Wagner, Sarah Annette. "Perinatal human immunodeficiency screening in Washington State." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2006/s%5Fwagner%5F041406.pdf.

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32

Kaf, Yasmine, and Norman Nine Karlsson. "Enforcing the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms through Positive Obligations : A Study of Domestic Violence and Human Trafficking." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-46129.

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33

Styers, Mary Koenig. "Maintaining a Positive Outlook: Developmental Differences in the Use of Subjective Temporal Distance." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10242007-181541/.

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Adults? use of subjective temporal distance, defined as a psychological distancing mechanism that allows individuals to maintain positive self-views by perceiving threatening events as being farther away in time and affirming events as being closer in time, has been the subject of extensive research attention in recent years. No research to date, however, has examined how children and adolescents utilize subjective temporal distance. This study investigated the extent to which older elementary and middle school students utilize subjective temporal distance as they remember positive and negativ

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34

Hameed, Usman. "Mandatory obligations under the international counter-terrorism and organised crime conventions to facilitate state cooperation in law enforcement." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5118/.

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The UN-sponsored international conventions on terrorism and organised crime deal with a specific type of criminality which spreads across national frontiers. The suppression of these crimes is possible through state cooperation in extradition and mutual legal assistance. Hence, the object of these conventions is to facilitate law enforcement cooperation. To achieve this aim, the conventions have established certain mandatory obligations in order to ensure harmony among the legal systems of states parties with a view to make them conducive to law enforcement cooperation. Harmony is needed to sa

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35

Noriega, David Enrique. "Stakeholders' perception of positive change in a state-operated district : the Paterson takeover experience /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1995. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/11791998.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1995.<br>Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Jonathan Hughes. Dissertation Committee: Frank Smith. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 385-399).

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36

Inamoto, Jun-ichi, and Junichi Inamoto. "Electrochemical Characterization of Surface-State of Positive Thin-Film Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/226784.

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Negus, Samuel David. "Render unto Caesar: Sovereignty, the Obligations of Citizenship, and the Diplomatic History of the American Civil War." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_theses/5.

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In scholarship on the Civil War there is generally a lack of emphasis placed upon the significance of transatlantic diplomacy. However, much of the literature that is devoted to this subject does little to draw the importance of diplomatic and domestic histories together. This thesis uses British Foreign Office papers to discuss the role of Her majesty’s consuls, and the importance of resident persons of British nativity, especially within the Confederacy, during the war. It argues that the struggle between the Union and the new Confederacy affected diplomatic relations not only in the geo-pol

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38

Kahssay, Jihan [Verfasser]. "When NGOs Fulfill State Obligations : How NGO Laws in Africa Can Interfere with Social Rights of Beneficaries / Jihan Kahssay." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212395468/34.

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Khalfan, Ashfaq. "State obligations beyond borders relating to economic, social and cultural rights : legal basis, extent and implications for development cooperation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669753.

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Kolliniati, Maria-Artemis [Verfasser]. "Human Rights and Positive Obligations to Healthcare : Reading the European Convention on Human Rights through Joseph Raz's Theory of Rights / Maria-Artemis Kolliniati." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1192102681/34.

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Martino, Orsolina I. "The role of biological rhythms and blood glucose levels in maintaining a positive mood state." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/68593.

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Although the effects of both the menstrual and circadian cycles on mood have been well documented, the question of whether the two interact to influence mood has not yet been addressed, despite evidence for such an interaction on other variables. Blood sugar level is a major contributor to the mediation of mood and is easily regulated by dietary intervention; there is also evidence that it is influenced by both the menstrual and circadian cycles. The present research takes a positive psychological approach to managing mood; the aims were to identify where natural variations in mood occur in re

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Sherlock, Olivia. "The effect of a positive mood induction on state paranoia in a nonclinical student sample." Thesis, University of London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.583316.

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Paranoia has frequently been identified as common and distressing. The current study has two main aims: I) to replicate and extend the experimental paradigm previously found to induce state paranoia in students and 2) to determine whether, once activated, . state paranoia can be effectively alleviated by a mood induction intervention. The paradigm involved participants being exposed to an environment of high self-awareness manipulated by application of video camera and television screen and received failure feedback on their performance of a task. Participants were subsequently randomised to e

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Lor, Hing-hung Louis, and 羅慶鴻. "Rethinking the Hong Kong government housing policy: an illusion of a positive non-interventionist state." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45012477.

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Leshem, Ela A. "The state as a moral person and the problem of transgenerational binding." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:52a5b68f-a55c-41e9-8c31-4cc1285a7c85.

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Modern states are committed to the implicit assumption that one generation has the normative power to bind later generations through laws and contracts. My dissertation explores this assumption through two case studies: constitutions and sovereign debt contracts. I show that in both cases the assumption of transgenerational binding shapes the legal practices and doctrines of modern states. It informs, for instance, the ratification of eternity clauses, the interpretation of constitutions, and the doctrines of sovereign immunity and odious debt. But although these practices of transgenerational

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Nazemi, Shahriar. "Revocation of Citizenship in Canada: A Criminological Reading of a Tension Between Rights and Obligations in Conceptions of Citizenship." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38999.

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This research explores the political debates surrounding changes in the law regulating citizenship revocation in Canada and how they reflect the tensions in the meaning of citizenship for dual national citizens. Borrowing from citizenship studies and critical criminology, the main argument in this thesis is that Bill C-24 seems to be an attempt on part of the Conservative Party to recalibrate the meaning of citizenship from a more liberal understanding (based on civic rights) to one that is more republican (based on civic duty). This research also demonstrates how this recalibration in the con

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46

Arey, George Arthur. "Positive or negative : a study of expectations and experiences of students living in substance-free university housing at Ball State University." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1230608.

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This study was designed to collect data that would provide evidence as to what students' expectations of the environment were along with whether these expectations were actually being experienced by students living in the substance-free environment. A systematic sample of 139 students were surveyed who lived in the Students Uniting to Remain Free (SURF) substance-free living environment at Ball State University during the Fall semester of 2001 academic year. Data collection consisted of a survey instrument that had eight three-part questions, 10 demographic characteristic questions, and six s

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Hayashi, Miyako Jun-ko. "The Effects of Positive Illusions on Perceived Racism." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5088.

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This study investigated the effects of selfesteem, controllability, and optimism, the constructs inherent in positive illusions, on perceived racism. The perceived racism scale in this study was found to contain two dimensions, Equal Opportunity (EO) racism and Authority (AUT) racism. Thirty-seven AfricanAmerican, 64 Asian-American and 100 White-American students at Portland States University {101 females, 100 males and mean age of 25 years) served as subjects. The findings revealed that both African- and AsianAmerican students perceived a racist atmosphere from peer students {EO racism) signi

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Tonkin, Hannah Jane. "States' international obligations to control private military & security companies in armed conflict." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1658758a-481a-4f1c-83c0-2ef269a78778.

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Tens of thousands of contractors work for private military and security companies (PMSCs) in armed conflicts around the world, often hired by states to fulfil functions that were once the exclusive domain of the armed forces. In this context, PMSCs have performed a wide range of activities including offensive combat, prisoner interrogation, military advice and training, armed security, intelligence and logistics. The proliferation of PMSCs during the past two decades has challenged conventional conceptions of the state as the primary holder of coercive power in the international arena. Nonethe

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49

McAninch, Cecile Burford. "Effects of Mood State on Memory for Positive, Negative, Neutral, and Humorous Phrases in College Students." W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625558.

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50

Le, Bonniec Nina. "La procéduralisation des droits substantiels par la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme : Réflexion sur le contrôle juridictionnel du respect des droits garantis par la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD013.

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La procéduralisation des droits substantiels est un phénomène désormais incontournable du système conventionnel qui ne cesse de se développer et de s’étendre. Néologisme d’origine doctrinale, cette notion semble pourtant difficilement saisissable. La procéduralisation des droits substantiels appelle en ce sens différentes interrogations liées tant à sa définition qu’à sesimplications pour le mécanisme conventionnel. Que désigne cette notion complexe et hétérogène ? Comment le juge a-t-il réussi à la mettre en place alors que ce procédé était initialement totalement absent du texte de la Conven

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