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1
Casellas-Grau, Anna. "Positive psychology in breast cancer." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392691.
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RESUM
La present tesi doctoral té l’objectiu d’explorar la relació entre la nova branca de la psicologia anomenada psicologia positiva i l’experiència de passar per un càncer de mama. Aquesta relació és estudiada tan des d’un punt de vista teòric com pràctic. Així, des del punt de vista teòric, proporciona informació sobre quins constructes de la psicologia positiva han estat trobats com a estar significativament relacionats amb viure un càncer de mama. També s’estudia quines variables sociodemogràfiques, mèdiques i psicosocials fomenten l’aparició d’aquestes respostes positives en aquest tipus de població. Aquestes dues àrees teòriques van ser explorades a partir de la metodologia de la revisió sistemàtica, i els resultats van mostrar que les respostes més estudiades i relacionades amb el càncer de mama són el creixement posttraumàtic, el benestar, el sentit i la troballa de beneficis. A més, aquelles dones que tenen unes característiques sociodemogràfiques i mèdiques relacionades amb una percepció més estressant de la malaltia (com, per exemple, menor edat o tractaments més agressius) tendeixen a desenvolupar és respostes positives. D’altra banda, també es va trobar com a rellevant el paper de reducció de l’estrès de variables psicosocials com el suport social o les creences religioses, derivant en majors nivells de funcionament psicològic positiu en les dones.
Pel què fa al punt de vista pràctic, es van explorar aquelles intervencions derivades de la psicologia positiva que havien estat aplicades en dones amb càncer de pit. La metodologia emprada va ser, també, la revisió sistemàtica, i els resultats mostraren que hi ha poques teràpies de la psicologia positiva aplicades en aquest tipus de població, i que aquestes teràpies són heterogènies. Es van distingir cinc grups d’intervencions: intervencions basades en el mindfulness, teràpies promotores del sentit, teràpies psicoespirituals, intervencions basades en l’escriptura d’emocions positives i una teràpia per promoure l’esperança. Donada l’escassetat trobada, es va considerar necessària l’avaluació empírica de l’eficàcia d’una psicoteràpia positiva per a supervivents de càncer amb alts nivells de malestar. Els objectius de la teràpia eren la reducció de símptomes d’estrès a partir de l’augment del creixement posttraumàtic. Els resultats, efectivament, van mostrar que la teràpia complia els seus objectius. En relació al creixement posttraumàtic, també és discutida la seva autenticitat, abordant les dades empíriques en relació a la corroboració per part dels familiars del creixement posttraumàtic dels supervivents de càncer. Realment, els familiars dels supervivents van corroborar el creixement posttraumàtic reportat per aquests.This thesis is aimed at the study of the relationship between the new branch named positive psychology and the experience of undergoing a breast cancer. It is studied from a theoretical, but also a practical perspective. Therefore, from a theoretical point of view, it provides data about which constructs of positive psychology have been studied and found among women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer. Also, it is explored which sociodemographical, medical and psychosocial variables can promote the emergence of these positive responses among the cited population. These two areas were studied using the systematic review methodology, and results showed that the most studied and found positive responses from the experience of undergoing a breast cancer are posttraumatic growth, well-being, benefit finding and meaning. In addition, those women who had sociodemographical and medical characteristics related with a higher stressful perception of their illness (e.g. younger age, more aggressive treatments) tent to later develop more positive responses. The stress-absorbing role of psychosocial variables like social support and having religious beliefs was also explored and found to be relevant in the latter women’s positive psychological functioning. In regards to the practical point of view, those positive psychology interventions that had been applied on women with breast cancer were searched and analyzed. The used methodology was also a systematic review, and results showed that there were few and heterogeneous positive psychotherapies used among this type of population. Five groups of positive psychotherapies could be distinguished: mindfulness-based psychotherapies, meaning-making interventions, writing about positive emotions, psycho-spiritual interventions, and a hope therapy. Therefore, the empirical exploration of the efficacy of a positive psychotherapy on cancer survivors was found to be necessary. This psychotherapy was aimed at reducing stress symptoms through the promotion of posttraumatic growth in distressed cancer survivors. Results showed that the psychotherapy was capable of both promoting posttraumatic growth and reducing stress symptoms. In regards to posttraumatic growth, it is also discussed about its authenticity. Empirical data showed that the relatives of those who had undergone cancer corroborated the posttraumatic growth reported by the cancer survivors.
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Rana, Shabbir Ahmad. "The positive psychology of music." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31234.
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This thesis concerns the importance, uses and effects of music in everyday life. The first study investigated the importance of music for 1000 Pakistani students. Results indicated that the great majority enjoyed listening to music, which was preferred to most of the other indoor and outdoor activities considered, and listening to and playing music had different perceived benefits. The second study used a variant of the experience sampling method to investigate the uses and experiences of music in the course of everyday life among 200 Pakistanis. Results indicate that the importance of several functions of music depends particularly upon with whom the participant was with and the place where the music was heard. The third study investigated the relationship between listening to music, health and happiness among 301 British and 594 Pakistani students. Results indicated that there were significant positive relationships between time spent listening to music and each of health and happiness. The fourth study investigated the effect of religious music on mental health among 175 Pakistanis hospitalized with psychotic depression. The results indicated that, relative to other types of psychosocial support materials, religious music led to the greatest decrease in depression levels. A fifth study used qualitative methods to investigate the musical peak experiences of six white British and six Pakistani participants. Several similarities were noted in the musical peak experiences of these two groups, suggesting that musical peak experiences may be a universal phenomenon. The sixth study investigated the relationship between musical peak experiences and the general health and level of happiness among 105 British and 115 Pakistani students. Results indicate that peak experiences of music were related positively to health and happiness and that these effects were not mediated by ethnicity.
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Kelber, Jeanne M. "Using Positive Psychology Interventions to Combat Cyberbullying." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/495.
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The "always on" aspect of social media creates a complex zone of self-expression for children and adolescents. The relentless quality of the potential for interaction encourages impulsive communication and response, a primary feature of what we think of as "bullying" in social media. In addition, social media creates a forum for people to connect within a community larger and more extensive than the physical. Different social media outlets even connect with each other to create an even larger sense of community. Increased understanding of the psychology of these dynamics may contribute to successful interventions to educate and reach out to young social media users. Application of positive psychological principles can help elicit emotions such as empathy in order to help resolve conflicts and curb online bullying. While social media receives a great deal of criticism for the platform it provides bullying, social media outlets can also provide an effective platform for promoting positive social change by playing into the psychology of inclusion to combat exclusion through the internet.
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Corrêa, Andréa Perez. "Capital psicológico positivo: um estudo sobre a psicologia positiva no contexto organizacional." Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3985.
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Ainda é perceptível nos tempos atuais uma ausência de foco nos aspectos positivos dos indivíduos e uma atenção ainda concentrada numa modelagem de liderança voltada para saneamento de déficits de competências. Nesse contexto, as pesquisas da Psicologia Positiva surgem com seus métodos cientificamente rigorosos, aprofundando o estudo dos aspectos positivos das pessoas e sobre uma vida mais significativa e com maior bem-estar. Diante disso, a área do comportamento organizacional constata a possibilidade de migrar para seu arcabouço teórico as descobertas sobre os benefícios comprovados pela Psicologia Positiva e constrói a modelagem do Comportamento Organizacional Positivo, onde o capital psicológico positivo - PsyCap, com seus quatro componentes – esperança, otimismo, autoeficácia e resiliência- surgem como um desdobramento dos capitais do ambiente organizacional, colaborando com uma abordagem mais positiva no contexto do trabalho. Nesse cenário, o objetivo geral desse estudo é, no contexto organizacional brasileiro, mais especificamente na instituição pública Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear – CNEN, identificar qual a opinião dos servidores e terceirizados – líderes ou liderados - sobre os possíveis benefícios, que uma postura voltada para o foco e o desenvolvimento do PsyCap pode trazer para o trabalho, verificando se a teoria sobre o tema se confirma ou diverge ao final deste estudo. Para o atingimento deste objetivo, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa exploratória, levando-se em consideração a embrionária aplicação do tema capital psicológico positivo no Brasil, o que permitiu uma análise do fenômeno de forma mais investigativa. Por meio de uma pesquisa on line, sugerida com participação voluntária ao universo de 2.959 servidores e terceirizados de todas as unidades da CNEN, foi aplicado questionário de pesquisa com perguntas elaboradas com base na revisão da literatura, tendo sido alcançada uma amostra de 232 respondentes. Os dados estatísticos permitiram chegar a resultados generalizáveis de que há uma percepção positiva por parte dos respondentes sobre a aplicabilidade do PsyCap, no que tange aos benefícios que podem trazer ao trabalho, sobre a geração de benefícios com a aplicação de uma intervenção/treinamento com essa temática e sobre a aptidão de lideres no trato de uma abordagem com PsyCap. Além disso, foram identificados os componentes individuais e do trabalho que podem favorecer o aumento dos índices do Psycap e como o índice de PsyCap dos líderes pode favorecer e em que termos o ambiente de trabalho em algumas variáveis. O presente estudo traz enorme contribuição para: uma possível aplicabilidade de iniciativas no ambiente organizacional da CNEN e provavelmente em outras instituições com perfil similar; conhecimento para a construção de um modelo de intervenção/treinamento customizada aos ambientes do serviço público federal que possam vir a ser generalizáveis em outras empresas com configuração distinta; a geração de novos conhecimentos sobre o PsyCap no contexto nacional e incentivo a novas pesquisas acadêmicas com a temática do PsyCap no Brasil.
A lack of focus on the positive aspects of individuals is still perceptible, and attention is still focused on leadership modeling, aimed at sanitizing skills deficits. In this context, Positive Psychology research emerges with its scientifically rigorous methods, deepening the study of positive aspects of people and a more meaningful and well-being life. Thus, the area of organizational behavior shows the possibility of migrating to its theoretical framework the findings about the benefits of Positive Psychology and builds the Positive Organizational Behavior modeling, where positive psychological capital - PsyCap, with its four components - hope, Optimism, self-efficacy, and resilience-emerged as an unfolding of the capitals of the organizational environment, collaborating with a more positive approach in the context of work. In this scenario, the general objective of this study is, in the Brazilian organizational context, more specifically in the public institution CNEN, to identify the opinion of the servers and outsourced - leaders or commanded - about the possible benefits that a posture focus and development of PsyCap can bring to the work, checking whether the theory on the topic is confirmed or diverges at the end of this study. To achieve this objective, an exploratory research was developed, taking into account the embryonic application of the positive psychological capital theme in Brazil, which allowed an analysis of the phenomenon in a more investigative way. Through an online survey, suggested with voluntary participation to the universe of 2,959 servers and outsourced of all the units of CNEN, a questionnaire of research was applied with questions elaborated based on the literature review, having been reached a sample of 232 respondents. The statistical data allowed us to reach generalizable results that there is a positive perception by the respondents about the applicability of PsyCap, regarding the benefits that can bring to work, about the generation of benefits with the application of an intervention / training with this And on the aptitude of leaders in dealing with a PsyCap approach. In addition, we identified the individual and work components that may favor the increase of the Psycap indexes and how the PsyCap index of the leaders can favor and in what terms the work environment in some variables. The present study presents a great help for: the possible applicability of initiatives in the organizational environment of CNEN and probably in other institutions with similar profile; Knowledge for the construction of a model of intervention / personalized training for the environments of the federal public service that can be generalizable in other companies with different configuration; The generation of new knowledge about PsyCap in the national context and the encouragement of new academic research with PsyCap in Brazil.
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Lake, J. "Positive Psychology and Second Language Motivation: Empirically Validating a Model of Positive L2 Self." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/357658.
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Teaching & LearningPh.D.
Positive psychology is rapidly developing as a field in psychology. Many constructs associated with positive psychology have been developed but relationships have not been demonstrated to second language (L2) learning or L2 learning motivation. The main purpose of this study was to explore empirically some core constructs of positive psychology and L2 learning motivation by testing a structural model of the causal relationships among levels of self-concept, and L2 proficiency. In order to do that, it was first necessary to validate measurable components of each of the levels. The self-concept constructs were: a global positive self-concept, a domain-specific positive L2 self, and L2 skill specific self-efficacy. The various self-constructs were organized into finer levels of specificity, from the global to L2 domain to L2 domain skills. A structural model was created from three latent variables that were in turn created from measured variables at each level of specificity. For the latent positive self-concept the measured variables consisted of flourishing, hope, and curiosity. For the latent variable of positive L2 self the measured variables consisted of an interested-in-L2 self, passion-for-L2-learning self, and L2 mastery goal orientation. For the latent motivational variable of L2 self-efficacy the measured variables were L2 speaking self-efficacy, L2 listening self-efficacy, and L2 reading self-efficacy. The measured variables were based on adapted or newly created self-reports. To demonstrate that the model holds beyond self-reports, objective L2 proficiency measures were also modeled with the latent variables of positive self-concept and positive L2 self. To demonstrate the generalizability of the self-model with L2 proficiency, a cross-validation study was done with two different objective measures of L2 proficiency, TOEIC and TOEIC Bridge. The results for the study were all positive for the creation of composite variables and fit to causal models. Latent variables were created for a composite positive self-concept, a composite positive L2 self, and a composite L2 motivation variable. The positive self-concept and positive L2 self also fit a model that included an objective measure of L2 proficiency. Finally, structural equation modeling confirmed causal relationships among positive self-concept, positive L2 self with both L2 motivation and with L2 proficiency. This study showed how constructs from the rapidly expanding field of positive psychology can be integrated with second language motivation. This study showed one way positive psychology can be applied to second language learning and suggests that positive psychology might invigorate future L2 motivation studies.
Temple University--Theses
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Denovan, Andrew Michael. "Investigating student stress from a positive psychology perspective." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2010. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20661/.
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This research project aimed to understand why some undergraduates cope better than others with stress. It adopted a positive psychology approach and a mixed methods research orientation which consisted of a quantitative and a qualitative element. The quantitative element included two studies. Study 1 assessed the contribution of psychological strengths and personality to stress levels, academic performance (assessed by Grade Point Average), and subjective well-being (SWB) using a sample of 306 undergraduates. Study 2 examined adjustment to university five months into the academic year, comparing this with the baseline data from Study 1 (N = 192). Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that across both studies strengths of optimism, self-efficacy, and positive affectivity were predictive of greater SWB. Stressor exposure had a negative relationship with strengths and SWB in both studies, as did emotion and avoidance coping. At time 1, emotional stability was positively associated with SWB, and extraversion was positively associated with SWB at time 2. In Study 1, lower stressor exposure and higher self-control were predictive of higher Grade Point Average (GPA). GPA was not significantly associated with the variables in Study 2. Self-efficacy, positive affect, and GPA significantly decreased over time; academic alienation significantly increased over time. In a follow-up qualitative study of 11 undergraduates using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, the transition, academic assessments, finances, employment, and housemate difficulty emerged as significant sources of stress. Strategies of social support, preparation, planning, positive reappraisal, and acceptance helped students cope with stress. Psychological strengths of self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and self-control facilitated adjustment and ability to cope. A positive psychology intervention was conducted, in which the Three Good Things exercise was applied to enhance SWB and reduce perceived stress (PS). The experimental and control group consisted of 63 and 49 first year undergraduates respectively. Mixed MANOVAs found no main effect of the intervention; however, SWB and PS levels significantly changed over time. Analysis with a PS cut-off showed undergraduates higher in stress had lower SWB over time. The changes in SWB and PS likely reflect heightened emotional reaction to the transition to university. Individual differences in strengths of optimism, self-efficacy, and positive affectivity, and differences in application of coping strategies and strength congruent behaviour are factors which help explain why some undergraduates cope better than others with stress. The results contribute to a limited body of knowledge on how strengths may facilitate coping, how stress affects SWB, and the utility of qualitative methods for positive psychology. The research also provides important recommendations for applying the Three Good Things exercise and is one of the first studies in the area.
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Parsons, Mickey. "Positive Psychology Coaching and Its Impact on Midlife Executives." Thesis, California Southern University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10283810.
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Scope of Study: This study was designed to investigate the lived experiences of middle to executive level leaders who participated in positive psychology coaching during midlife. Through personal interviews, participants shared comprehensive descriptions of their experiences in an effort to provide a deep understanding of the ways in which they benefited both personally and professionally while facing challenges typically associated with middle age.
Findings and Conclusions: This study generated three major findings that support this effort (1) participating in positive psychology executive coaching provides focus and confidence that facilitates personal and professional growth during midlife by helping clients identify and overcome real life and work challenges while pursuing their over-arching goals; (2) the coaching experience and associated results largely vary from participant to participant based on their wants, goals and aspirations for the future; and (3) the client’s perception of coaching impact was tied, at least in part to the length of coaching, the quality of their relationship with the coach and a perceived positive experience. These results support the employment of positive psychology interventions as part of an executive coaching engagement, showing that to do so with midlife clients not only supports their goal achievement, but also facilitates resolution of other work and life challenges over time and within a quality client-coach relationship.
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Hendricks, Kelly Cecile. "Expanding the understanding of positive organisational practices in positively deviant organisations: An online desk research review." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6941.
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Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom(IPS)Positive organisational practices are actions performed by employees within the workplace that enhance worker and organisational wellness. In identifying positively deviant organisations, specific positive practices within the organisation were studied as an online desk research. This study is based on a backdrop of a study by Cameron et al. (2011) where the authors theorise about certain positive practices, but do not stipulate actual practices. In understanding what these positive practices look like, the study used the interpretive paradigm. Through qualitative inquiry, thematic analysis was used to expand the understanding of manifest positive practices in organisations. The researcher used two significant ways of gathering the data, both through the internet; looking up "top" and "happiest" companies to work for as well as looking at the International Positive Psychology Association (IPPA) Network online resources and Michigan Ross School of Business online page. All of the data gathered (150 pieces) was from secondary internet / online sources. The results generated 13 themes, of which five stood out as most salient: social interactions at work, inclusivity of all differences, mindfulness, transparent/open communication and creativity/innovation. The study concludes by identifying similarities between Cameron et al. (2011) and the study results, and proposes a link between 11 of the themes. Furthermore, the results suggest that seven of the study’s practices coincide with one particular practice from Cameron et al. (2011): ‘inspiring’ others in the workplace. The significance of the study includes the expanded understanding of positive organisational (manifest) practices that take place in positively deviant organisations. By comparing and contrasting these practices with the Cameron et al. (2011) positive practices, similarities were found. Recommendations for future research are offered.
2020-08-31
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Chasle, Laura Fay. "Parenting a child with cancer : positive psychology and coping." Thesis, University of Hull, 2008. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:1365.
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This portfolio has three parts. Part one comprises a systematic literature review, in which the empirical literature relating to coping of parents of children with cancer is reviewed. Twelve studies were included in the review and from these studies, the coping strategies that parents rated as most useful or most frequently used were synthesised into a bi-dimensional taxonomy of coping. Due to the many and varied measures and conceptualisations of coping the dimensions of approach-avoidance coping and emotion-focused and problem-focused coping were used to organise results into a more coherent and meaningful structure. The reviewed papers were also quality checked and the outcome of the checklist was taken into consideration when outlining results of eachstudy.Part two comprises a qualitative study, using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) methodology to explore the experiences of parents of children who have been diagnosed with cancer in the previous five years. IPA as a methodology is primarily concerned with the participant’s lived experience of an event. There is an assumption that a person makes sense of their experience through the process of interpretation. Through semi-structured interviews with participants, their interpretations of their experiences were collected. The researcher, through the process of analysis, interprets the participant’s own interpretation; this is known as a ‘double-hermeneutic’. Different levels of analysis of transcripts leads to drawing out of a number of themes from across participants. In this study, positive psychology literature was used as a theoretical guide to focus interviews. Positive psychology is concerned with the study of positive emotions or characteristics, positive relationships and positive organisations, and how people may draw strength from these. It was hoped that by using positive psychology as a lens through which to explore the experiences of parents of children with cancer, a better understanding may be gained of what may drive or be ‘behind’ behaviours and strategies so frequently observed in coping literature.Part three comprises appendixes. These include a reflective statement on the process of conducting the research; the challenges faced and the lessons learnt. In addition, a reflexive statement regarding the researcher’s own beliefs, experiences and perceptions that may have impacted upon the research process is included. A worked example of IPA using a section of a transcript is also presented to illustrate the IPA process.
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Gulliford, Elizabeth Zoë. "An interdisciplinary evaluation and theological enrichment of positive psychology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609764.
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Gomes, Carla Alexandra Pereira Ferreira. "Esperança e a adesão terapêutica em adultos hospitalizados e não hospitalizados: estudo exploratório." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/1437.
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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia, especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde.A Esperança e a Adesão terapêutica são variáveis que reflectem, por um lado, uma natureza disposicional e uma natureza situacional. A esperança tem adquirido uma atenção especial quanto ao papel que desempenha na construção de um desenvolvimento humano positivo e a adesão tem vindo cada vez mais a ser foco de interesse, profissional, económico, social e político. Tendo como base as especificidades e potencialidades destas variáveis, consideramos avaliar a relação entre as duas. O objectivo deste estudo exploratório é avaliar a esperança e a adesão aos tratamentos em população hospitalizada e não hospitalizada. Participaram 100 indivíduos que constituíram uma amostra de conveniência, com idades compreendidas entre 18 e os 88 anos de idade (M= 51,92 anos; DP= 14,57); 59% (n= 100) dos quais do sexo feminino. Considerando a situação hospitalar, 34% (n=100) dos participantes estavam hospitalizados e os restantes 66% (n= 100) não hospitalizados (consulta externa) no Centro Hospitalar Médio Ave E.P.E.. Os participantes responderam à “Escala sobre a Esperança” e à “Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos” (MAT). Os resultados mostram que não se verificam diferenças entre homens e mulheres quanto aos níveis de esperança (t (98) = 1,09; p > 0,278) e de adesão (t (98) = -0,55; p >0,578); verificam-se diferenças significativas entre indivíduos com/sem doença crónica quanto à esperança (t (96) = -2,59; p <0,011) e à adesão (t (96) = 3,17; p <0,002); há uma correlação significativa, negativa e baixa, entre as variáveis idade e esperança (r.=0,37; p <0,0001) e correlação positiva e baixa, entre a idade e a adesão (r = 0,25; p <0,012). Não se verifica uma correlação estatisticamente significativa entre os níveis de esperança e os níveis de adesão. Uma vez que indivíduos, não hospitalizados e sem doença crónica apresentam maiores níveis de esperança e adesão, poderá ser indicador que a população com doença crónica e hospitalizada necessite de intervenção, por parte dos diversos técnicos, de forma a promover a esperança e a aumentar os níveis de adesão. Hope and adherence are variables that reflect the one hand, a dispositional nature and a situational nature. Hope has gained special attention as its role in building a positive human development and adhesion has been increasingly be the focus of interest, professional, economic, social and political. Based on the characteristics and capabilities of these variables, consider evaluating the relationship between the two. The aim of this study is to examine hope and adherence to treatments in hospitalized and not hospitalized people. Participants were 100 individuals who comprised a convenience sample, aged between 18 and 88 years of age (M = 51,92 years, SD = 14,57); 59% (n = 100) were female. Concerning the hospitalar condition, 34% (n = 100) of participants were hospitalized and the remaining 66% (n = 100) outpatients at the Centro Hospitalar Médio Ave, E.P.E.. Participants answered to “Escala sobre a Esperança” and “Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos” (MAT). The results show that there is no differences between men and women, the levels of hope (t (98) = 1,09; p> 0,278) and adhesion (t (98) = -0,55; p> 0,578); there are significant differences between individuals with / without chronic illness and hope (t.(96) = -2,59; p< 0,011) and among individuals with / without chronic illness and adherence (t (96) = 3,17; p<0,002); exists a negative and low correlation between the variables age and hope (r = 0,37, p< 0,0001) and, a positive and low correlation between age and adherence (r = 0,25, p < 0,012 ). There is no statistically significant correlation between levels of hope and levels of adhesion. To individuals, who are outpatients and without chronic disease had higher levels of hope and adherence, may this will be an indicator that people with chronic illness and were hospitalized, require intervention to promote hope and increase levels of adhesion. L'espoir et l'adhésion, sont des variables qui reflètent dune part, une nature dispositionnelle et nature de la situation. Espoir a acquis une attention particulière, de son rôle dans la construction un développement humain positif et l’adhésion a été de plus en plus le centre de intérêt, professionnel, économique, social et politique. Basée sur les caractéristiques et les capacités de ces variables, envisager évaluer la relation entre les deux. Le objectif de cette étude est examiner l'espoir et l’adhesion en population hospitalisé et non hospitalisés. Participé 100 personnes qui constituaient un échantillon de commodité, avec 18 et 88 ans (M = 51,92; ÉT = 14,57); 59% (n = 100) femmes. Consideránt que, 34% (n = 100) des participants ont été hospitalisés et les 66% restants (n = 100) patients ambulatoires, du Centro Hospitalar Médio Ave, E.P.E.. Les matériaux utilisés étaient "Escala sobre a esprança" et "Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos" (MAT). Les résultats montrent que il n’y a pas de différence entre les hommes et les femmes, les niveaux de l’espoir (t (98) = 1,09; p> 0,278) et de l’adhérence (t (98) = -0,55; p> 0,578), il existe des différences significatives entre les sujets avec ou sans maladie chronique et de l’espoir (t (96) = -2,59; p<0,011) et chez les individus avec ou sans maladie chronique et l’adhésion (t (96) = 3,17; p <0,002). Il y a corrélation, négative et bas entre les variables âge et espoir (r = 0,37; p <0,0001) et une corrélation bas et positive entre âge et adhésion (r = 0,25; p <0,012). N’exist pas une corrélation statistiquement significative entre les niveaux d'espoir et de niveaux adhésion. Alors que les individus, patients ambulatoires et sans maladie chronique avaient des niveaux plus élevés de l'espoir et l’adhésion mai être un indicateur que, les patients hospitalisés et atteintes de maladie chronique, mai besoin dune intervention, pour promouvoir l’espérance et augmenter les niveaux d’adhésion.
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Peñalver, González Jonatan. "Happy and Productive Groups: A compendium of multimethod studies on group positive affect from Positive Psychology." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668535.
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The main aim of this dissertation is to improve our current understanding of the group positive affect in the working context. In order to complete this objective, three research challenges are carried out which attend to both academic and professional needs. A series of chapters have been developed (integrative review and empirical studies) by using different samples (university students, employees), different assessors (employees, supervisors) and different statistical methods (structural equation models, hierarchical models, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis). The results suggest theoretical and practical implications, as well as new lines of research at different levels of an organization.El principal objetivo de la presente tesis doctoral es avanzar en la comprensión del afecto positivo grupal en el contexto laboral. Para cumplir con este objetivo se plantean tres retos de investigación que atienden a necesidades tanto académicas como profesionales. Haciendo uso de diferentes muestras (estudiantes universitarios, empleados), diferentes evaluadores (empleados, supervisores) y diferentes métodos estadísticos (modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, modelos jerárquicos, análisis clúster, análisis discriminantes) se han elaborado una serie de capítulos (revisión integrativa y estudios empíricos). Los resultados suscitan implicaciones teóricas, implicaciones prácticas, así como nuevas líneas de investigación en los diferentes niveles de una organización.
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Chang, Edward C., Christina A. Downey, Jameson K. Hirsch, and Natalie J. Lin. "Positive Psychology in Racial and Ethnic Groups: Theory, Research, and Practice." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://www.amzn.com/1433821486.
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Positive psychology has become a vibrant, well-regarded field of study, and a powerful tool for clinicians. But, for many years, the research in areas relevant to positive psychology, such as happiness, subjective well-being, and emotional intelligence, has been based on findings from largely White samples and has rarely taken the concerns of the ethnic community into consideration. Now, for the first time, leaders in the field have come together to provide a comprehensive reference that focuses specifically on how a culturally-informed approach to positive psychology can help capitalize on the strengths of racial minority groups and have a greater potential to positively impact their psychological well-being.
Acting as a bridge between positive psychology theory and research—largely based on an essentialist view of human behavior—and the realities of practice and assessment in diverse groups, Positive Psychology in Racial and Ethnic Groups focuses on four main ethnic groups: Asian Americans, Latin Americans, African Americans, and American Indians.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1133/thumbnail.jpg
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Ha, Yo Sang. "The Influence of Components of Positive Psychology on Student Development." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5233.
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Considering a wide range of student's delinquencies and problems, preventive intervention in school is strongly required for healthy student development. American School counselor Association (ASCA) has focused on three areas, academic development, career development, and personal/social development to provide various skills and learning opportunities for the successful life of students. During the past 50 years, psychologists have concentrated on the disease treatment model. However, unlike this psychological trend, positive psychology has paid attention to prevent school violence and delinquency. Further, Positive psychologists have discovered not only to prevent problems but also to facilitate human strengths and virtues to live successful and happy life. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between components of positive psychology and student development. More specifically this research examined the influence of hope, optimism, and self-regulation on student's academic achievement, career development, and social development. This quantitative study included 507 6th grade elementary school students and their parents living in Seoul, South Korea. Four conceptual models were developed to investigate the best fit model to examine the causal relationship between hope, optimism, and self-regulation and student's academic achievement, career development, and social development. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the data. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to explore measurement model and Path Analysis was engaged in to discover structure model. The results of SEM analysis provided major findings. There was a causal relationship between hope and student's academic achievement, career development, and social development. However, it was not confirmed the causal relationship between optimism and student's academic achievement, career development, and social development and between self-regulation and student's academic achievement, career development, and social development. Further, a structural model on the causal relationship between hope, optimism, self-regulation and student's academic achievement, career development, and social development was not statistically significant. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.ID: 031001437; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Edward H. Robinson III.; Title from PDF title page (viewed June 26, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 217-235).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Education and Human Performance
Education; Counselor Education
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Walsh, Sophie Marie. "Development of an online intervention using positive psychology for depression." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/31871.
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Background: Increasingly, it is recommended that to improve access to depression treatment, low-intensity psychological interventions should be developed and investigated. To date, resource-oriented approaches, such as positive psychology, that focus on patients' strengths and positive feelings have not been systematically developed and evaluated, despite evidence of potential effectiveness. This thesis aimed to systematically develop a theoretically sound online intervention using positive psychology and investigate its acceptability. Methods: The intervention's conceptual model was based on evidence synthesised from a systematic review, which identified commonly applied positive psychology components, and a qualitative study with 18 patients and 5 clinicians on the potential acceptability of online positive psychology. The intervention was tested in a feasibility study with 103 participants with depression, to identify the feasibility of study procedures and the acceptability and potential outcomes of the intervention. Intervention acceptability was further explored qualitatively with twenty-three purposively selected participants. Results: Six positive psychology components were included in the intervention to promote positive affect, strengths, and social connections. Half of the sample used the intervention minimally, a third used it moderately, and one fifth used it regularly. The intervention was rated as helpful by a fifth of the overall sample. Participants reported improved symptoms of depression. The qualitative evidence suggested that intervention acceptability could be explained by the extent to which the positive psychology components were perceived as relevant to participants' depression and how empowering they found a low-intensity website. Conclusions: A low-intensity online positive psychology intervention is acceptable and potentially beneficial to some patients with depression. Future research is needed to establish whether online positive psychology is attractive to a distinct population. If so, the developed intervention should be refined and evaluated for effectiveness. However, if there are people who generally prefer online treatments for depression, research should focus on developing the best-evidenced approach.
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Russell, Emily Brooke Nilsson Johanna E. "Couples in therapy a positive psychology investigation of similarity, personality, positive affect, life satisfaction, and relationship problems /." Diss., UMK access, 2007.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Education. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2007."A dissertation in counseling psychology." Advisor: Johanna E. Nilsson. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Jan. 24, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-113 ). Online version of the print edition.
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Miano, Pamela Wanjiru. "Positive psychology interventions in a student counselling centre: an exploratory study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11702.
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University students in South Africa today face a variety of issues with academic and relationship problems, career development issues, depression and anxiety being the most common. This negatively impacts their pass rates and personal success. Research into positive psychology has increased considerably over the past few years. Seligman‟s PERMA model has played a pivotal role in assisting in the understanding of what constitutes a flourishing life. The proposed study aimed to explore and describe the impact of five interventions, based on each of the aspects of the PERMA model, on Student Counselling clients. The research sample consisted of 10 participants seeking Student Counselling, Career and Development Centre Services at NMMU. Purposive sampling was uses to source participants. The researcher facilitated a six-week group programme which was developed by the researcher. In this programme, the participants were introduced to the aspects of the PERMA model. The participants implemented interventions in between sessions and journals of their experiences provided qualitative data on their experiences. The Beck Depression Inventory II and the Satisfaction With Life Scale were utilized as pre and post intervention measure. ATLAS.ti software programme and descriptive statistics were utilized for qualitative and quantitative data analysis respectively. Key findings included benefits such as an overall decrease in depressive symptoms and an increase in life satisfaction following the interventions. The negative impact of academic concerns on life satisfaction was also noted. Moreover, participants reported that they enjoyed both the content and the interactive nature of the group sessions. In conclusion, implementing positive psychology group interventions on students is promoted as a result of the emerging benefits.
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Critchley, Hannah. "Enhancing efficacy beliefs within a school community : can positive psychology help?" Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1815.
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A study was undertaken using a quasi-experimental design to investigate the effects of a Positive Psychology intervention, on the self and collective efficacy beliefs of staff within a mainstream primary school community. Efficacy beliefs were selected as the topic of study due to their powerful and significant influence upon behaviour, such as effort and persistence; and protective factors such as resilience, personal well-being and achievement (Bandura, 1997). Positive Psychology was selected on the basis that within the UK it has received little attention to date, and since it offers a focus on the positive aspects of human experience, it could be useful in affecting positive change in relation to efficacy beliefs. A qualitative planning-phase enabled the generation of themes relating to areas of low efficacy within the experimental school; which formed the basis of a 14 item questionnaire designed to elicit views in relation to the themes. Baseline data was established through administration of questionnaires in the intervention and comparison groups. Accompanying qualitative data was also obtained from the intervention group. Preparatory activities preceded a brief Positive Psychology intervention for the intervention group; following which post-intervention data collection was undertaken (as with the baseline). Questionnaire data was analysed statistically and thematic analysis was employed with the qualitative data. Findings suggested that participants' efficacy beliefs had been enhanced in the experimental group, whereas this was not the case in the comparison group. Enhanced efficacy beliefs corresponded to the themes investigated, and significant positive differences were noted in relation to teaching and non-teaching support staff. Areas highlighted by participants related to the four sources of efficacy beliefs (Bandura, 1997) and to school structure and culture. Implications and limitations of the study were discussed along with possible areas for future research.
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Blain, Rachel Catherine. "The Role of Attentional Bias Modification in a Positive Psychology Exercise." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1556749693757742.
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Mitchell, Sarah Josephine. "Positive psychology and sleep : the influence of an internet-based exercise." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1128/.
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Associations between psychopathology and poor sleep have been well established by previous research. This has been motivated by the drive to uncover and undo pathology. An alternative approach offered by positive psychology considers whether those who have good sleep quality (SQ) show high levels of subjective well-being (SWB). Evidence is limited, but recent findings have linked good sleep with constructs that are central to SWB, including trait gratitude; how orientated people are to the positive things around them. Aims: The main aim of this thesis is to examine the effect of a gratitude intervention on SQ. A secondary aim is to explore the relationships between SQ, SWB and pre-sleep cognitions. Design: A total of 300 participants took part in the cross-sectional study. These were classified as having high (n = 138) and low SQ (n = 162) according to the Sleep Impairment Index (SII). Groups were compared on measures of Satisfaction With Life (SWLS), gratitude (GQ-6) and pre-sleep cognitions (SST:60). Hypotheses were guided by the one piece of research that has previously explored these constructs. Individuals with low SQ were then invited to participate in a novel intervention study (N = 51). Participants were randomized into a self-guided Three Good Things in Life gratitude intervention (n = 25) or events listing control intervention condition (n = 26) that ran across 7 days. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess change in SQ and pre-sleep cognitions between baseline and follow-up. Hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) was used to explore daily measurements of sleep and affect. Results: Results supported previous work in finding positive relationships between high SQ and measures of SWB, including trait gratitude. Those completing the gratitude intervention reported significantly improved SQ according to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), compared to the control condition. A higher proportion of participants in the gratitude intervention fell on or below the clinical threshold of >5 on the PSQI after the intervention (n = 11), compared to those in the control intervention condition (n = 3). The effect of intervention on presleep cognitions between baseline and follow-up was approaching significance. No significant mediational influences were found using HLM. Conclusions: This research demonstrates the relationship between SWB and gratitude in relation to SQ and the outcome of the intervention suggests that it could be employed to improve public health in relation to sleep.
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Mak, Winfred. "The positive psychology of Chinese students learning English at UK universities." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15516/.
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The main aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between positive psychology (PP) variables, namely, self-regulation, mindset, psychological well-being and psychological adjustment, in a sample of Chinese master’s students studying in the UK on the one hand, and the English language learning activities in social and educational settings that they reported using to improve their English language proficiency on the other hand; and how the scores on the variables and the relationships between the variables changed between the beginning of the academic year (time 1) and mid-way through the academic year (time 2). A mixed-method research approach was adopted. Questionnaire and interview data were collected at time 1 (T1) and time 2 (T2). 152 and 167 participants completed questionnaires at T1 and T2 respectively, and face-to-face interviews were conducted concurrently with sixteen and fourteen participants at T1 and T2 respectively. SPSS and NVivo were the statistical tools used for questionnaire and interview data analyses. Analyses of the data indicated that there was a significant decrease in growth mindset and psychological adjustment scores (p<0.01) between T1 and T2. Concerning English language learning activities, there was a significant increase in scores of ‘I join social activities where English is used’; and a significant decrease in scores of ‘I keep a notebook of new vocabulary that I have learned’ between T1 and T2. Regarding perceived language proficiency, however, there were no significant score changes between T1 and T2. In terms of the relationship between scores of PP variables and English language learning activities, more correlations (≧0.2) were found at T2 than T1. Similarly, more correlations (≧0.2) were found between scores of PP variables and perceived language proficiency at T2 than that at T1. In conclusion, this study contributes to our understanding of the complex relationship between PP variables and language learning activities.
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Rhodes, Ruth Hilton. "Evaluating Positive Psychology Curriculum Among Nontraditional Students in a Foundational Course." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2871.
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Positive psychology emphasizes growth, adaptive functioning, and human potential. The present study contributes to this literature by examining the impact of exposure to a positive psychology curriculum among nontraditional students taking foundational courses in a career college. Mixed methods were utilized to assess changes in student well-being and goal setting quantitatively through pre- and post-tests of the Authentic Happiness Survey and the Satisfaction with Life Scale as well as identifying emergent themes from qualitative analysis of student reflections and written assignments over a 9-week term. Twenty-five students participated in foundational courses, which placed an emphasis on positive psychology. Paired samples t tests, Cohen's d, thematic analysis, and a researcher-designed Likert-scale assessed changes from the beginning of the course to the end among the quantitative and qualitative measures of overall well-being and goal attainment. Some of the notable findings included significantly positive changes in students' reports of authentic happiness, and 76% of students reporting that they had attained an academic, social, and personal goal over the course of the 9-week curriculum. Change in self-reported satisfaction with life approached, but it was not statistically significant. Thus, the implementation of a positive psychology curriculum in a nontraditional student population created positive social change in this particular sector of academia and was associated with increased overall well-being and attainment of goals.
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Hughes, Megan E. "RESPONSES TO POSITIVE AFFECT: AN EXAMINATION OF POSITIVE RUMINATION AND DAMPENING." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/16993.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Recently, Feldman, Joorman, and Johnson (in press) proposed that differences in the ways individuals respond to positive affect (PA) might impact the length and intensity of PA episodes, perhaps leading to changes in long-term mental and physical health. Feldman et al. (in press) suggested that "positive rumination," repetitive positive self- and symptom-focused responses to positive mood, should enhance PA, whereas "dampening" responses should diminish PA. The Response to Positive Affect Scale (RPA; Feldman et al., in press) was created to measure these constructs. Preliminary research has found that measures of positive rumination and dampening help predict mania and depression symptoms. The current study examined the convergent and predictive criterion validity, and reliability of the constructs of positive rumination and dampening through a combination cross-sectional, experimental, and naturalistic follow-up design. Temple University undergraduates (Phase I N = 1,281, Phase II N = 181, Phase III N = 154) participated in a three-phase study. In Phase I, participants completed the RPA along with a series of positive and negative health and cognition measures. In Phase II, participants were randomly assigned to one of three mood induction groups (negative, neutral, or positive) and completed a series of affect reports over time. One month later, Phase II participants were asked to report on their affect, physical health, mental health, and intervening life events during Phase III. As expected, positive rumination and dampening demonstrated convergent and divergent validity. However, the predictive criterion validity results were mixed, with the constructs predicting some, but not all, responses to mood inductions. The naturalistic follow-up demonstrated that positive rumination interacted with positive life events to predict hypothesized changes in psychological health, but not physical health. The test-retest reliability of the RPA was not acceptable for a trait measure. These results suggest that positive rumination and dampening are important constructs involved in both mental health and illness. Future research should consider alternative strategies for measuring responses to PA, including more realistic experimental paradigms.
Temple University--Theses
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Job, Sarah A., and Stacey L. Williams. "Translating Online Positive Psychology Interventions to the LGBTQ+ Population: A Systematic Review." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8037.
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Stallard, Anna. "Increasing the positive effects of negative feedback /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18539.pdf.
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Relvas, Luís Miguel Monte Machado. "Qualidade de vida promotora de psycap?: Estudo acerca da percepção da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos como promotora de psycap." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/19018.
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Os conceitos de Qualidade de Vida e Psycap tem vindo a ganhar popularidade nas últimas décadas. Vários têm sido os fatores que têm contribuído para este crescente interesse nas questões que envolvem estes dois conceitos. Por um lado, temos a qualidade de vida e a sua importância para o desenvolvimento da sociedade e por outro, o psycap e todas as vantagens que traz o seu desenvolvimento nos indivíduos. Partindo da importância que a qualidade de vida tem para o individuo pretendeu-se com este trabalho compreender de que forma esta poderá fomentar o desenvolvimento de psycap nos indivíduos. Utilizando a amostra do estudo "Os Melhores Municípios para Viver", estudou-se de que forma as perceções de qualidade de vida dos indivíduos fomentam o surgimento de psycap. A análise dos resultados revelou que o psycap dos indivíduos é explicado, ainda que de uma forma moderada, pelos indicadores da qualidade de vida urbana. /ABSTRACT: The concepts of Quality of Life and PsyCap has gained popularity in the recent decades. There have been several factors that have contributed to this growing interest in issues surrounding these two concepts. On one hand, we have quality of life and its importance to the development of society and secondly, PsyCap and all the benefits it brings to their development on individuals. Starting from the importance that quality of life has for the individual, the goal of this research was to understand how quality of life can encourage the development of PsyCap individuals. Using the sample of the study "Os Melhores Municípios para Viver", we studied how the perceptions of quality of life of individuals foster the emergence of PsyCap on them. The results showed that the PsyCap of individuals is explained, although in a moderate way by the indicators of quality of urban life.
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Brennan, Erin Ann. "Stigmatization of HIV positive individuals." Click here for download, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1574154001&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Salcin, Erna, and Fllanza Selaci. "Hälsoutbildningens påverkan på psykologiska resurser hos chefer och anställda." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8964.
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This study is a quantitative study designed to examine whether training in health issues may have contributed to the increase in head managers' psychological capital (PsyCap). Construction consists of the following components: self confidence, hope, optimism and resilience. A high PsyCap considered beneficial in organizational change and steer towards the positive development and helps individuals in stressful situations. The results show an increase of characteristics such as hope and optimism among managers (N = 15) who have undergone training in health issues compared with managers who have not undergone training. However, the tests show no significant difference in head managers' attitudes to health breaks, not the severity of granting health breaks in the groups as a result of training. It was further examined the relationship between PsyCap and the propensity to grant health breaks. The test showed no significant difference between the groups. The psychological capital has been measured even among workers who use health breaks and those who do not, that to see if any spillover effects on other work. The results showed no significant difference. The psychological capital of the workforce as measured by t-test, does not differ between the investigated groups with employees who have managers with the training and the group who do not.Denna studie är kvantitativ, vars syfte är att undersöka om utbildningen i hälsofrågor kan ha bidragit till en ökning av chefernas psykologiska kapital (PsyCap).Konstruktet utgörs av följande delar: tillit till den egna förmågan, hopp, optimism och återhämtningsförmåga. Ett högt PsyCap anses fördelaktig vid organisatoriska förändringar och kan styra mot en positiv utveckling samt kan underlätta för individen i stressande situationer. Resultatet visar en ökning av egenskaper som hopp och optimism hos cheferna (N=15) som genomgått utbildningen jämfört med cheferna som inte har genomgått utbildningen. Däremot visar testerna ingen signifikant skillnad i chefernas attityd till hälsopauser och inte heller i svårighetsgraden att bevilja hälsopauser i grupperna till följd av utbildningen.Vidare undersöktes sambandet mellan PsyCap och benägenheten att bevilja hälsopauser. Testet visade ingen signifikant skillnad mellan grupperna. Det psykologiska kapitalet mäts även bland anställda som använder sig av hälsopauser och de som inte gör det, detta för att se om några spridningseffekter finns på det övriga arbetet. Resultatet visade ingen signifikant skillnad. Det psykologiska kapitalet hos de anställda som mättes genom T-test, skiljer sig inte mellan de undersökta grupperna med anställda som har chefer som har genomgått utbildning och de som inte har.
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Job, Sarah. "Identity-Specific Positive Psychology Intervention for Sexual Minorities: A Randomized Control Trial." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3891.
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Sexual minorities experience mental and physical health disparities in comparison to heterosexual individuals due to minority stress (Branstrom et al., 2016; Kerridge et al., 2017; Meyer, 2003). Positive psychology interventions have improved mental and physical health (Antoine et al., 2018; Lambert D'raven et al., 2015), and therefore these interventions have potential to address health disparities. The current study tested an identity-specific intervention (n = 30) to a general positive psychology intervention (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30) among sexual minorities. This built on a recent pilot study which tested the efficacy of an identity-specific intervention designed for sexual minorities and showed significant improvements in depressive and anxiety symptoms. Thus, I hypothesized that individuals in intervention conditions would have better mental health, physical health, and substance use outcomes than the control group. Additionally, outcomes of the identity-specific condition were compared to those of the general positive psychology intervention. Participants included 91 sexual minority adults that completed three surveys (baseline, one week after the intervention, one month follow-up) including outcomes measures (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, problematic drinking, problems associated with drug use, well-being, and self-rated health), potential covariates (anticipated stigma, internalized stigma, concealment) and manipulation checks (self-compassion, forgiveness, optimism, coping using humor, social support seeking). Fifty-three participants completed interventions featuring five intervention tasks eliciting self-compassion, optimism, forgiveness, humor, and social support seeking. Analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and multilevel modeling. Compared to the control condition, results showed significantly greater improvements in well-being (b = .40, p = .013), self-rated health (b = -.42, p = .006), and problems associated with drug use (b = -.97, p = .004) among participants in the intervention conditions. No significant differences emerged for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, or problematic drinking. Limitations include lack of power for analyses examining extended follow-up and comparing intervention types, as well as a number of history effects. Despite these limitations, the current study has potential to improve health outcomes and aid clinical practices. More research on positive psychology interventions with sexual minorities is needed.
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Hirsch, Jameson K. "Positive Biotechnology: Homo Positivus and Self-Actualization in the Age of Technology." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5488.
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With the rise of modern humanism and its psychological progeny, humanistic psychology, an emphasis on self-actualization has been de rigueur across many fields of scientific exploration. In the last several decades, Positive Psychology, with its focus on eudamonia, or the factors contributing to a meaningful and fulfilling life, has assumed responsibility for propagating this line of thought. Indeed, it might be argued that positive psychology, as a modern philosophy of human aspiration, has permeated a broader range of techno-scientific pursuits than similar, past ideological stances, spawning a sub-culture of positive, yet sometimes anti-positivistic, endeavors.
With cult-like status, positive psychological principles have been applied toward exploring mental (e.g., positive suicidology; positive psychiatry) and physical health (e.g., positive health psychology), understanding the brain (e.g., positive neuropsychology), and enhancing the outcome quality of human-technology interactions (e.g., positive computing; positive technology). Yet, criticisms of the evolution of homo positivus abound; for example, a singular focus on positive emotionality, a componential rather than wholistic perspective, a positivist-scientism emphasis, and adherence to Eurocentric cultural perspectives, are among the issues debated. Possibilities available to humankind. This warrants the question, as we move toward greater integration of man and machine.
Can, and should, the growth-focused and resiliency-promoting tenets of positive psychology be applied to biotechnology, or will our Übermensch strivings have unintended consequences, such as biotechnological enhancements that allow transcendence of the existential concerns defining our humanity? A post-modern “Positive Biotechnology” paradigm is proposed, which integrates the evolving perspectives of Positive Psychology 2.0 and the rapidly-emerging transhuman biotechnological possibilities available to humankind.
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Wiebe, Sabrina. "Understanding irony in negative and positive situations." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18434.
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Irony abounds in conversation yet little is known about the cognitive processing that enables its comprehension. Two experiments investigated irony compared to literal language comprehension, potential comprehension differences between irony as it is used in negative and positive situations, and whether individual differences in WM or propensity to use sarcastic or indirect language were related to irony comprehension. Results showed that irony was processed slower than literal statements (p < .05) and irony in negative situations received more sensible judgments than irony in positive situations (p < .05). Ironic statements that received nonsensical judgments took longer to reject than their anomalous counterparts. Individual differences were correlated with facilitated irony comprehension and increased difficulty in rejecting ironic statements. These findings suggest that an ironic interpretation is generated slower than a literal interpretation and that even when it is rejected, some activation of the meaning occurs, which is mediated by individual differences.L'ironie abonde dans les conversations mais la façon dont elle est procédée est encore énigmatique. Deux expériences ont été menées pour comparer l'ironie au langage littérale, pour étudier les différences entre des situations positives et négatives, et pour voir si des caractéristiques individuelles sont liées à un traitement accéléré de l'ironie. Les résultats ont montrés que l'ironie est traitée plus lentement que la langage littérale (p < .05). L'ironie est perçue comme étant plus vraisemblable dans des situations négatives que positives (p < .05). Les déclarations anormales sont moins longues à rejeter que celles ironiques. L'utilisation du sarcasme et la mémoire sont corrélés à une accélération du traitement de l'ironie et une plus grande difficulté à la rejeter. Ces conclusions suggèrent qu'une interprétation ironique est activée plus lentement qu'une interprétation littérale, et que lorsqu'une déclaration est rejetée, une activation de la signification de celle-ci est arbitrée par des différences individuelles.
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Marini, Nadia. "Positive emotions in psychotherapy: an exploratory study." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106280.
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Emotion and emotional processing are recognized as important change processes across therapeutic modalities but positive emotional experiences have rarely been studied in therapy. In her Broaden-and-Build model of positive emotions, Barbara Fredrickson (2001) theorized that positive emotions momentarily broaden thinking by expanding the range of thoughts and potential action. This study explored positive emotions and broadening in therapy. The primary objective was to examine what happens in therapy when clients experience positive emotion, using a discovery-oriented, exploratory methodology. Task analysis, a qualitative method that identifies components of moment-by-moment therapeutic change, and a series of exploratory analyses were used to study therapy sessions. Clients were students enrolled in an undergraduate counselling course who volunteered for therapy with first-year Master's student therapists. Brief-structured recall interviews were conducted with 12 clients to report how they experienced positive emotion and to locate the experiences in the sessions. Interviews were subjected to a phenomenological analysis and the resulting data was used to validate the task analytic data. Two groups of emotion episodes were compared: one group containing a new performance (i.e., understanding, insight, or emotional experience) and one group where clients had no new performance. While the results of the task analysis per se were inconclusive, the series of exploratory analyses had several findings that related positive emotions and broadening. Preceding and following positive emotion, clients engaged in broadened cognitive processing. The emotion episodes containing a new performance had a greater number of process codes and demonstrated more differentiated broadening compared to those with no new performance. Differentiated broadening preceded new performance, while no pattern between positive emotion and new performance was found. No specific positive emotion distinguished new performance and no new performance cases. The phenomenological analysis of client interviews validated the finding that positive emotion helped clients to be more open and willing to explore, more motivated to work on goals, and more confident and energized. Overall, the findings begin to illustrate the clinical phenomenology of positive emotions in therapy. Actively attending to positive emotions can potentially generate productive therapeutic processes. Research implications include selecting instruments that measure clients' cognitive processing.Les émotions et le traitement des émotions sont considérés comme d'importants processus de changement en vertu de nombreuses modalités thérapeutiques, mais l'expérience d'émotions positives a rarement été étudiée dans un cadre thérapeutique. Dans son modèle broaden-and-build (élargissement et construction), Barbara Fredrickson (2001) avance que les émotions positives suscitent un élargissement momentané de la pensée par l'expansion du champ cognitif et des actions possibles. La présente étude portait sur les émotions positives et l'élargissement dans un cadre thérapeutique. L'objectif principal de cette étude fondée sur une méthodologie exploratoire axée sur la découverte était de déterminer l'issue d'une thérapie lorsque les clients faisaient l'expérience d'émotions positives. Les séances de thérapies ont été soumises à une analyse des tâches (une méthode qualitative visant à décomposer le changement thérapeutique étape par étape) et à une série d'analyses exploratoires. Les clients étaient des étudiants au premier cycle inscrits à un cours de counseling qui se sont portés volontaires pour suivre une thérapie auprès d'étudiants de première année à la maîtrise en psychothérapie. Dans le cadre de brèves entrevues rétrospectives, douze clients ont été invités à rendre compte de leur expérience d'émotions positives et à préciser les moments où sont survenues ces émotions au cours de la séance. Les entrevues ont été soumises à une analyse phénoménologique dont les résultats ont servi à valider les données de l'analyse des tâches. Deux ensembles d'épisodes émotionnels ont été comparés : un ensemble comportant l'expérience d'un nouvel accomplissement par le client (c.-à-d. une expérience émotionnelle, de compréhension ou de perspective intérieure) et un ensemble n'en comportant aucun. Les résultats de l'analyse des tâches n'ont pas été concluants, mais la série d'analyses exploratoires s'est traduite par de nombreux résultats probants en lien avec les émotions positives et l'élargissement. Ainsi, avant et après les émotions positives, les clients ont connu un élargissement du traitement cognitif. En outre, les épisodes émotionnels comportant un nouvel accomplissement étaient associés à un nombre supérieur de codes de processus et à un élargissement plus étoffé comparativement aux épisodes qui n'en comportaient aucun. Aucune émotion spécifique ne caractérisait les cas comportant un nouvel accomplissement par rapport aux autres. Un élargissement étoffé précédait le nouvel accomplissement, tandis qu'aucune relation entre émotion positive et nouvel accomplissement n'a été établie. L'analyse phénoménologique des entrevues avec les clients a permis de valider les résultats, c'est-à-dire que les émotions positives ont favorisé la bonne disposition du client à l'égard de sa démarche exploratoire, stimulé sa motivation à travailler en vue d'atteindre ses objectifs et augmenté sa confiance et son enthousiasme. Globalement, les résultats commencent à démontrer l'utilité de la phénoménologie clinique des émotions positives dans un cadre thérapeutique. Porter attention aux émotions positives pourrait favoriser des processus thérapeutiques fructueux. La sélection d'outils d'évaluation du traitement cognitif des clients fait partie des implications pour la recherche.
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Plumb, Sarah. "A positive clinical psychology approach to developing resilience among state employed nurses." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018879.
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Nurses are confronted with numerous work-related stressors that can result in burnout. This can contribute to absenteeism and high turn-over rates in the nursing profession. A review of the literature indicated that psycho-educational interventions to increase resilience could be an effective way of addressing this problem. The study aimed to develop a positive clinical-psychology approach to increasing resilience in State employed nurses. The study used a mixed-method approach to determine the current psychological functioning of a sample of 87 nurses. Quantitative data on personality traits, character strengths and levels of resilience were obtained, using the NEO PI-R, VIA – IS, and Resilience Scale. Qualitative data on the coping responses of nurses were obtained through the thematic analysis of focus groups. These data were integrated to create a positive clinical psychology conceptualisation of resilience and to develop therapeutic guidelines for a group psycho-educational intervention. The results of the study indicated a struggling psychological profile. This was defined as the ability to deal with work-related stressors – but with the potential risk of developing symptoms of burnout. The moderate levels of resilience were attributed to elevated character strengths in the sample. The distribution of personality traits indicated that the nurses in the sample were at risk of developing burnout; and this prevented them from flourishing. These data were synthesised to create therapeutic guidelines for developing resilience aimed: (1) increasing emotional stability and invulnerability; (2) increasing agreeableness; and (3) increasing conscientiousness. These guidelines were based on the personality traits that were deemed to negatively impact the resilience of the nurses. These personality traits were correlated with several character strengths that displayed strong relationships with resilience. This indicated that resilience could be developed through the cultivation of the following character strengths: perspective; perseverance; fairness; forgiveness; leadership; love; zest; hope; curiosity; and appreciation of beauty and excellence. These character strengths were identified to facilitate the positive adaptation of the personality traits identified in the therapeutic guidelines. A group psycho-educational intervention was developed, using the positive clinical psychology conceptualisation of resilience. The literature was reviewed to identify techniques to cultivate the ten character strengths specified in the therapeutic guidelines. These techniques were adapted to create experiential learning processes for the intervention. This psycho-educational programme can be applied as a secondary and tertiary intervention. It can be used to increase resilience to prevent burnout among nurses. It can also be used to psychologically empower nurses that have existing symptoms of burnout.
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Loulopoulou, Angela Ioanna. "Positive psychology and the refugee experience : shifting perceptions and attitudes towards refugees." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528855.
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Darabi, Mitra. "Character strength and stress management in academic staff : a positive psychology perspective." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2013. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20654/.
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This research programme aimed to explore why some academics cope with stress better than others and so preserve their well-being and mental health. A positive psychology perspective was adopted. Mixed methods were applied, with a quantitative study and two qualitative studies. Study 1 focused on the relationship between character strengths, stress, subjective well-being (SWB), and mental health (GHQ) in a sample of 216 academics. Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that psychological strengths of gratitude and hope agency were predictive of SWB and mental health. Stress had a negative relationship with character strengths, satisfaction with life, positive affect, and mental health and a positive relationship with negative affect. Tests of interactions between stress and character strengths with subjective well-being and mental health revealed that higher levels of optimism had a buffering effect on mental health (GHQ) when the levels of stress were higher. Sense of coherence as a work coping variable negatively predicted stress at work. Problem-focused coping negatively predicted stress while denial coping positively predicted stress. In a follow-up qualitative study of 31 academics, the following sources of stress were identified: the increased number of students, heavy workloads and administrative burdens, poor management, funding cuts, job insecurity, and threats from the government on the pension scheme. Support from colleagues and time management were identified as the most positive coping sources. Teaching and research were the most valuable elements of academic work and administration was less valued. A positive psychology intervention (the Three Good Things) was conducted in a sample of five academics. The aim was to evaluate the experience of participating in the intervention. The data from research diaries and a focus group discussion showed that colleagues, friends and family, presenting at a conference, and data collection and analysis were the most positive experiences among academics. Academics believed that the positive psychology intervention was useful in shifting their attentions from negative to positive thoughts. A non-parametric statistic was used to analyse the data from pre-assessment, post-assessment, and two week follow-up measures of stress, subjective well-being, mental health, and gratitude in Study 3. The Friedman test found no main effect on the intervention; however, satisfaction with life was the only variable that significantly changed over time in the intervention. The results of this research programme contribute to a limited body of knowledge on how psychological strengths, coping strategies and work coping variables may reduce stress and increase well-being and mental health. The research also provides recommendations for future research.
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Carleton, Erica Leigh. "Happiness at work : using positive psychology interventions to increase worker well-being /." Halifax, N.S. : Saint Mary's University, 2009. http://library.smu.ca:2048/login?url=.
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Thesis (M.Sc.)--Saint Mary's University, 2009.Running head: Interventions to increase worker happiness. Includes abstract and appendices. Supervisor: Kevin Kelloway. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-55).
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Rabon, Jessica Kelliher, Edward C. Chang, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Positive Psychology and Suicide Prevention: an Introduction and Overview of the Literature." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5547.
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Book Summary: This inspiring resource presents theories, findings, and interventions from Positive Suicidology, an emerging strengths-based approach to suicide prevention. Its synthesis of positive psychology and suicidology theories offers a science-based framework for promoting wellbeing to complement or, if appropriate, replace traditional deficit-driven theories and therapies used in reducing suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Coverage reviews interpersonal, intrapersonal, and societal risk factors for suicide, and identifies protective factors, such as hope and resilience, that can be enhanced in therapy. From there, chapters detail a palette of approaches and applications of Positive Suicidology, from the powerful motivating forces described in Self-Determination Theory to meaning-building physical and social activities.
Among the topics covered: Future-oriented constructs and their role in suicidal ideation and enactment. Gratitude as a protective factor for suicidal ideation and behavior: theory and evidence. Considering race and ethnicity in the use of positive psychological approaches to suicide. The Six R’s framework as mindfulness for suicide prevention. Community-based participatory research and empowerment for suicide prevention. Applied resiliency and suicide prevention: a strengths-based, risk-reduction framework.
Psychotherapists, counselors, social workers, psychiatrists, and health psychologists, as well as educators, clergy and healthcare professionals, will find A Positive Psychological Approach to Suicide an invaluable source of contemporary evidence-based strategies for their prevention and intervention efforts with suicidal clients.
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Le, Kimdy. "Do positive moods lead to a future orientation?" Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
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Castellnou, Ramírez Pol. "A Framework for the Application of Positive Psychology to the Strategy of Spanish Schools." St. Gallen, 2009. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/07600794001/$FILE/07600794001.pdf.
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Job, Sarah A., and Stacey L. Williams. "A Pilot and Feasibility Trial of a Sexual Minority-Specific Positive Psychology Intervention." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8038.
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Sexual minorities face unique stressors that contribute to worse mental health (Meyer, 2003). Positive psychology interventions may be able to ameliorate this. The current study pilot tested an identityspecific positive psychology intervention among 20 sexual minorities. Results suggest that the intervention reduced depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and anticipated discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. This implies that positive psychology interventions may be able to address health disparities among sexual minorities.
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Colborn, Robert Mark. "Adult Development of Positive Personality Traits Through Character Formation Mentoring." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2442.
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Positive psychologists have published hundreds of empirical studies correlating positive personality traits with improved outcomes in mental health, physical health, academic and career success, resilience, relationships, and personal happiness. But there remains a dearth of research on the emergence and development of positive personality traits. This grounded theory, qualitative research sought to discover whether positive personality traits can be developed in adult mentoring relationships. Sixteen participants responded in structured interviews about the benefits of their mentoring experiences, and in addition to performing coding analysis as described by Strauss and Corbin (1990), the researcher also compared the answers to Peterson and Seligman's taxonomy of positive traits (2004). Unprompted participant responses overwhelmingly asserted increase of positive traits, as well as five other benefit categories. Improved traits appeared across a wide range of mentee characteristics, and situations, including negative ones, as long as mentors communicated unconditional positive regard and possessed desirable competencies. Social considerations of this research include the possibility that, in combination with therapies to address negative aspects of a client situation, therapists using intentional positive trait development could support recovery, resilience, hope, wisdom, thriving, and all of the benefits positive psychology has correlated to the presence of positive personality traits. Future studies building on this research may include a longitudinal study to understand what situations and character types are most conducive for positive trait development, as well as questions regarding which traits appear in which mentoring situations.
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Crutchfield, Audra Louise Neumann Craig Stephen. "Negative affect and positive symptoms of psychosis." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12109.
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Mills, Kristin Michele. "Positive video self-modeling to decrease performance anxiety." Scholarly Commons, 1992. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2928.
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Anxiety is considered as having trait and state characteristics. The multidimensional theory of state anxiety separates this construct into cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of positive video self-modeling at reducing performance anxiety. I hypothesized that following positive video self-modeling athletes would experience: (a) decreased cognitive and somatic anxiety, (b) increased self-confidence, and (c) improved competitive performance. Nine male collegiate volleyball players were blocked into a low, medium, or high anxiety groups, and were then randomly assigned into either a: (a) positive video self-modeling group, (b) relaxation training group, or (c) no treatment control group. Positive video self-modeling participants each received five sessions of viewing their positively self-modeled videotape, relaxation group participants each received five sessions of respiratory relief training, and the control group remained in baseline. A graphical analysis of the dependent measures suggested that none of the hypotheses were supported.
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Porter, Ashley Elizabeth. "Discovering Solutions: How are Journalists Applying Solutions Journalism to Change the Way News is Reported and What Do They Hope to Accomplish?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404534/.
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Solutions journalism, rigorous reporting on responses to social problems, has gained great traction in the last decade. Using positive psychology theory, also known as the theory of well-being, this qualitative study examines the impact of reporting while using solutions journalism techniques. Applying the five pillars of positive psychology theory: positive emotion, engagement, positive relationships, meaning and accomplishment (PERMA), this study used interviews and content analysis to investigate how journalists are applying the tools of solutions journalism as well as what they hope to accomplish in the process. Findings revealed that the application of solutions journalism techniques produces hope and community engagement resulting in flourishing and positive change for individuals, communities and all involved in the reporting process.
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Belt, Emena. "POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS QUESTIONNAIRE-REVISED." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1596036578434634.
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Horwitz, Stanley Edwin. "Positive work-family spillover amongst white-collar employees." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5867.
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Gokaltun, Ayse Cici. "The impact of parental differentiation of self on positive family functioning." FIU Digital Commons, 2007. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3985.
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The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the impact of parental differentiation of self (less emotional reactivity, cutoff, fusion with others, and greater I position) on positive family functioning (family cohesion, adaptability, conflict and child attachment to mother). The participants included 47 mothers and their children between 5 and 13 years old who sought developmental assessment at the Youth and Family Developmental Program (YFDP) laboratory at Florida International University. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that less emotional reactivity predicted more family cohesion and adaptability, less emotional cutoff predicted more family cohesion, adaptability and less conflict, more fusion with others predicted more family cohesion and child attachment to mother, and greater I position predicted less family conflict. This study provides further support for parental influence on the family environment. Study results indicate that services for targeting families should target the parental differentiation of self as an influential factor for family functioning.
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Duell, Natasha Tahrgol. "Positive Risk Taking in Adolescence." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/513529.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Adolescents evince a more heightened propensity for risk taking than children and adults. This propensity can be directed toward negative (e.g., illegal or health-compromising) or positive (e.g., socially acceptable and beneficial) risk behaviors. Much existing research on adolescent risk behavior focuses on negative risk taking due to the public health implications of engaging in these behaviors. However, it is also important for society to promote youth engagement in positive risk behaviors that may benefit the well-being of adolescents and those around them. The present study explored positive risk taking in a sample of 164 American adolescents (45% female) ages 16-20 (M = 17.9; SD = .72). There were three central aims: (1) develop a reliable self-report measure of positive risk taking and examine its association with self-reports of negative risk taking and several behavioral measures of risk taking; (2) explore the extent to which previously established psychological correlates of negative risk taking are also associated with positive risk taking; (3) determine whether positive risk taking is associated with indicators of positive functioning, such as academic orientation, grit, and mental health. Results indicated that positive risk taking was associated with greater self-reported negative risk taking, and greater risk taking, feedback learning, and punishment sensitivity on experimental risk taking tasks. Although positive risk taking was not associated with grit or internalizing symptoms, positive risk taking was positively associated with stronger school engagement and better school performance. Future directions and applications to positive youth development programming are discussed.
Temple University--Theses
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Thewissen, Viviane Hubertine Marie. "Understanding the psychology of positive psychotic symptoms an epidemiological and momentary assessment approach /." [Maastricht] : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2007. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=9198.
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Grobler, Lindi. "An exploration of the use of positive psychology movies to enhance well-being." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9051.
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This study firstly explored whether individuals can identify character strengths (Peterson & Seligman, 2004) depicted by characters in positive psychology movies. Furthermore, the study investigated whether their existing character strengths and well-being are augmented or developed through viewing these films. A mixed method design exploratory qualitative approach with a phenomenological design was followed where quantitative data were obtained with a two-group pre- and post-testing design with a retention test. Participants were assigned to an experimental (n=15, mean age= 28.67, SD age = 8.79) and control group (n=15, mean age = 25.67, SD age = 9.28). A self-developed strength questionnaire and five standardized scales, namely Mental Health Continuum – Short Form (MHC-SF) (Keyes, 2006); the General Psychological Well-being Scale (GPWS) (Khumalo, Temane, & Wissing, 2010); the Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky, 2008); Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSE) (Chesney, Neilands, Chambers, Taylor, & Folkman, 2006) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (Kroenke & Spitzer, 2002), were administered to measure psychological well-being. Qualitative data were obtained through focus groups and questionnaires that were completed after the viewing of each film. Qualitative results suggest that participants were able to identify 22 of the 24 character strengths (Peterson & Seligman, 2004) as depicted by characters in the movies. Furthermore, participants were able to relate to the characters and report how they use the depicted strengths in their own lives. ANCOVA‘s revealed a medium increase (Cohen‘s d- value = 0.47 - 0.74) in the strengths: open-mindedness, zest, kindness, leadership and modesty immediately after the intervention and a large increase (Cohen‘s d-value = 0.9) in humour immediately and a month after the intervention. A medium to large (Cohen‘s d = 0.45 - 0.87) decrease was found on the strengths perspective and forgiveness immediately after the intervention, and in authenticity, love; appreciation of beauty and excellence, gratitude and hope a month after the intervention. Social intelligence showed a decrease (Cohen‘s d-value = 0.46; 0.51) immediately and a month after the intervention.
A medium increase (Cohen‘s d-value = 0.53 - 0.56) in general well-being and emotional well-being was found a month after intervention, while general coping efficacy and coping via support from friends and family showed this increase (Cohen‘s d-value = 0.53; 0.56) immediately after the intervention in the experimental group. A contradictory finding was, that social well-being showed a medium (Cohen‘s d-value = 0.72) decrease immediately after the intervention. Suggestions for further research include establishing preferable movies before intervention, the use of a standardized strength scale and another experimental group, with the absence of focus groups, so as to determine a more accurate effect of filmsThesis (MA (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.