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1
Jose Paul, Neha Itty. "Critical Analysis of Slum Tourism: A Retrospective on Bangalore." Atna - Journal of Tourism Studies 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.12727/ajts.16.6.
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Slum tourism is a relatively unknown and controversial niche tourism segment. This form of tourism is mainly found in small pockets around the so-called third world. Slum tourism is famous in the Kibera slum in Nairobi and the Rochina slum in Rio de Janeiro. The largest slum in Asia, the Dharavi slum, became popular notably through the release of the Oscar-winning movie “Slumdog Millionaire” which highlighted the slum in Mumbai and thus brought the much-needed limelight on slum tourism otherwise known as poverty tourism. Slum tourism is the act of visiting low-income settlements also known as Favelas or simply as slums. Slum tourism has received mixed reviews of both a positive and negative character. A negative approach due to the very reason of it being seen as a means of showcasing the poor for the benefit of inquisitive tourists and critics say this form of tourism is voyeuristic and leads to the ill-treatment of slum dwellers. However, slum tourism can also lead to positive outcomes if managed in a sustainable manner it can develop employment opportunities for the slum dwellers. This paper deals with whether or not slum tourism has the potential of being developed in Bangalore, to find out if the much hype about slum tourism in Mumbai has created any demand for this niche market in Bangalore. A quantitative research methodology is used to investigate the matter. A survey and correlation analysis were conducted to delve into slum tours perspective of customers and travel agents of Bangalore. Findings of the study reveal that the potential customers or tourists are keen on taking such tours where as travel agents do not conduct slum tours as the profit margins are low.
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Hussain, Touseef, and Zou Wei. "NET BENEFITS OF URBAN SLUMS REDEVELOPMENT POLICIES ON THE VALUE OF ADJACENT RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 25, no. 3 (April 13, 2021): 228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2021.14570.
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Over time, the government of Pakistan introduced several strategies to deal with the issue of slums in its capital city, Islamabad. Contrary to the traditional strategies that primarily focus on the tenure security of occupants, the strategy of slum redevelopment is more composite. It involves the up-gradation of slums in their existing sites as well as the demolition of slums from the posh areas. The present study is first to empirically investigates the outcomes of the slums redevelopment policies on the value of adjacent residential properties. Using a rental valuation based hedonic price model, the study examined the spillover effects of an urban slum up-gradation and eviction projects on the nearby housing values. The results show that the redevelopment of slums reduces the adverse effects on residential value. It is essential for the urban planners to cautiously include the slum redevelopment projects spillover effects on the adjacent property value in different geographical locations, to maximize the net positive effects of improvements on the neighborhood.
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Macchia, Alejandro, Daniel Ferrante, Gabriel Battistella, Javier Mariani, and Fernán González Bernaldo de Quirós. "COVID-19 among the inhabitants of the slums in the city of Buenos Aires: a population-based study." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e044592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044592.
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ObjectiveTo summarise the unfolding of the COVID-19 epidemic among slum dwellers and different social strata in the city of Buenos Aires during the first 20 weeks after the first reported case.DesignObservational study using a time-series analysis. Natural experiment in a big city.SettingPopulation of the city of Buenos Aires and the integrated health reporting system records of positive RT-PCR for COVID-19 tests.ParticipantsRecords from the Argentine Integrated Health Reporting System for all persons with suspected and RT-PCR-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 between 31 January and 14 July 2020.OutcomesTo estimate the effects of living in a slum on the standardised incidence rate of COVID-19, corrected Poisson regression models were used. Additionally, the impact of socioeconomic status was performed using an ecological analysis at the community level.ResultsA total of 114 052 people were tested for symptoms related with COVID-19. Of these, 39 039 (34.2%) were RT-PCR positive. The incidence rates for COVID-19 towards the end of the 20th week were 160 (155 to 165) per 100 000 people among the inhabitants who did not reside in the slums (n=2 841 997) and 708 (674 to 642) among slums dwellers (n=233 749). Compared with the better-off socioeconomic quintile (1.00), there was a linear gradient on incidence rates: 1.36 (1.25 to 1.46), 1.61 (1.49 to 1.74), 1.86 (1.72 to 2.01), 2.94 (2.74 to 3.16) from Q2 to Q5, respectively. Slum dwellers were associated with an incidence rate of 14.3 (13.4 to 15.4).ConclusionsThe distribution of the epidemic is socially conditioned. Slum dwellers are at a much higher risk than the rest of the community. Slum dwellers should not be considered just another risk category but an entirely different reality that requires policies tailored to their needs.
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Elrayies, Ghada Mohammad. "Rethinking Slums: An Approach for Slums Development towards Sustainability." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 6 (November 30, 2016): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n6p225.
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<p class="textt">Slums have become an unavoidable reality in many countries of the world, particularly the developing world. Although there are various slums upgrading models and approaches to address the urban poverty in developing countries, the number of slum dwellers has actually grown and the problem is expected to become worse. Other public policies have to eradicate slums and didn't take into account the resources and the potentials that slums offer. This refers to the need to change the procedures followed in the development processes. Along with the human-related problems associated with slums, slums cause serious impacts on the environment and natural resources. In this context, sustainable development is the main outlet to achieve a real boom of the developing world that consequently confirms the need to develop slums in an integrated manner. So, this paper adopts a concept of investing the positive aspects of the slums' community in conjunction with developing a thorough framework based on the three pillars of sustainability, economy, society, and environment. From this vein, the research is guided by a set of successful practices of many of developing countries through an approach grounded on the three pillars of sustainability. The objectives of this paper are; 1) shedding light on the positive human power of slum dwellers, 2) disseminating best practices on sustainable approaches, from which it can be developed and adapted to fit in the context of the urban slums of developing countries, and 3) providing a comprehensive framework for developing sustainable slums.</p>
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Herrero Amo, María Dolores, Chandana (Chandi) Jayawardena, and Salomé Laloum Gaultier. "What is the host community perception of slum tourism in Colombia?" Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 11, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-12-2018-0086.
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Purpose This paper aims to find answers to two research questions: What is the perception of the Moravia community on tourism in their neighbourhood? What are the conditions under which they can accept slum tourism? Design/methodology/approach The foundation of this paper was laid during a field trip to Medellin, Colombia, in March 2018. More than three weeks were spent in the neighbourhood of Moravia, one of Medellin’s “barrios” or slums, where a qualitative study was led. Semi-structured interviews with the local community were done around the neighbourhood. Findings The main finding of this research is the positive perception of slum tourism within the Moravia community. The researchers found that the locals are proud when outsiders visit to see their neighbourhood. The locals felt that, it breaks the prejudice surrounding their homes, and tourists are seen as spokespeople for the barrio. There are visible improvements made to the barrio owing to tourism. This research drew attention to the conditions under which this type of tourism can be accepted in the neighbourhood: community participation, interaction between hosts and tourists, education and respect of tourists and the visible improvements to the neighbourhood. Originality/value Slum tourism is an understudied topic in Colombia, especially in Medellin. By researching on the host perception on slum tourism, this paper contributes to literature on slum tourism from a new angle.
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P, RICHARD M., and Dr S. ARUL PRASAD. "Life Skills Of Youth In Chennai Slums." Think India 22, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 432–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8273.
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Slums are universal in character and no country is able to get rid of them. Large-scale migration to the cities due to employment opportunities and other community facilities, an income level which is inadequate to maintain decent standards of living are some of the major contributory factors responsible for the growth of slums especially in Chennai as per Tamilnadu slum clearance board. Life Skills have been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as psychosocial abilities for adaptive and positive behavior that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life. The youth from slums due to lack of effective utilization of their skills are still in a lower level jobs and have not climbed to great ladders. The youth pursuing their graduation or pursuing their post graduation belonging to the age group between eighteen to twenty four years of age from Zone 8 slum recognized by the slum clearance board alone are the respondents. Strength of thirty samples by using simple random sampling method was used for the research. A majority 73.3% of the respondents were in poor condition level in self awareness dimension, while 26.7% of them were in average level. It is inferred that the respondents various life skills from different dimensions namely interpersonal relationship, critical thinking, decision making, problem solving and coping with emotions do differ with regard to their gender. It is observed that there is strong and significant association between various dimensions of life skills namely Interpersonal relationship (X2-4.562,df-1), Effective communication (X2-1.425,df-1) and Critical thinking (X2-4.124,df-1). The research suggests the need for bettering the life skill education among the youth from slums at the time of their academics itself
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Abubakar, Aisha, Ombretta Romice, and Ashraf M. Salama. "Slums and prosperity: a complex, dynamic pathway of intervention." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 13, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 314–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-02-2019-0041.
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Purpose Slums have existed as long as cities have and are a growing context in the developing world. The challenge is in their efficient, effective and inclusive management. The purpose of this paper is to frame slums in the broad aim of urban development and the pursuit of prosperity, as active players and positive contributors in every right – a slum-prosperity framework. First, however, they need to be comprehensively defined in a non-exclusive, structured, dynamic and heuristic way; a previous publication was set to resolve this challenge. Design/methodology/approach Guided by a synthesized operative model for prosperity, such a definition for slums is used to precisely relate their characters to the pursuit of prosperity through a mapping process, whereby these characters are linked to potentials for prosperity, improvement goals, resources and intervention plans. Findings Both slums and prosperity are fuzzy, complex and variable terms; the only possibility to deal with them both is to break them down into simple and manageable yet operative units and establish the most influential and effective links between them to organize intervention according to patterns of change in both slums and city. Research limitations/implications An intervention agenda like the one proposed here, that gives room for contextual and temporal urban complexities, has the potential to augment urban practice and help curb the slum phenomenon. A final paper (forthcoming) will illustrate the application of both the comprehensive definition of slum and the implementation of a pathway toward prosperity. Originality/value The proposal in this paper is derived as part of research conducted for the award of a PhD at the University of Strathclyde Glasgow. This was in general set to contribute to the proactive and inclusive improvement of slums and cities. The proposal is further derived from the authors’ involvement and personal interest in developing regions and is designed on local experience and on wider expertise in urban renewal.
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Surya, Batara, Syafri Syafri, Hadijah Hadijah, Baharuddin Baharuddin, Andi Tenri Fitriyah, and Harry Hardian Sakti. "Management of Slum-Based Urban Farming and Economic Empowerment of the Community of Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 7, 2020): 7324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187324.
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The handling of slums based on urban farming and community empowerment is oriented toward improving the welfare and independence of the community. This study aimed to (1) analyze the influence of business motivation, human resource capacity, community participation, and economic business management on the economic empowerment in the handling of slums; (2) analyze the direct and indirect effects of urban farming, community capacity, and capital support efforts to improve the welfare and independence of the community; and (3) formulate a sustainability model for community-based slum management in the Metro Tanjung Bunga area. The research approach used was a sequential explanatory design, which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative research, and data were obtained through observation, surveys, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research findings show that business motivation, human resource capacity, community participation, and economic business management have a significant effect on economic empowerment. The direct influence of urban farming increases the welfare of the community by 27.66%, strengthens the capacity of the community to increase welfare by 55.95%, and provides business capital support to improve community welfare by 36.72%. Urban farming, community capacity-building, and business capital support provide a positive effect on improving the welfare and independence of the community in slums. Sustainability in slum settlements includes infrastructure, developing economic potential, and community participation.
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Katukiza, A. Y., H. Temanu, J. W. Chung, J. W. A. Foppen, and P. N. L. Lens. "Genomic copy concentrations of selected waterborne viruses in a slum environment in Kampala, Uganda." Journal of Water and Health 11, no. 2 (April 19, 2013): 358–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2013.184.
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The presence of viruses in a slum environment where sanitation is poor is a major concern. However, little is known of their occurrence and genomic copy concentration in the slum environment. The main objective of this study was to determine the genomic copy concentrations of human adenoviruses F and G, Rotavirus (RV), Hepatitis A virus (HAV), Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and human adenovirus species A,C,D,E, and F (HAdV-ACDEF) in Bwaise III, a typical slum in Kampala, Uganda. Forty-one samples from surface water, grey water and ground water were collected from 30 sampling locations. The virus particles were recovered by glass wool filtration with elution using beef extract. DNA and RNA viruses were detected by the real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the reverse transcription-qPCR (RT-qPCR), respectively. HAdV-F and G were detected in 70.7% of the samples with concentrations up to 2.65 × 101 genomic copies per mL (gc mL−1). RV and HAV were detected in 60.9% and 17.1% of the samples, respectively. The maximum concentration of RV was 1.87 × 102gc mL−1. In addition, 78% of the samples tested positive for the HAdV-ACDEF, but all samples tested negative for HEV. These new data are essential for quantitative microbial risk assessment, and for understanding the effects of environmental pollution in slums.
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George, Carolin Elizabeth, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Shon Rajukutty, and Luc P. de Witte. "Challenges, experience and coping of health professionals in delivering healthcare in an urban slum in India during the first 40 days of COVID-19 crisis: a mixed method study." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e042171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042171.
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ObjectivesTo describe the initial dilemmas, mental stress, adaptive measures implemented and how the healthcare team collectively coped while providing healthcare services in a large slum in India, during the COVID-19 pandemic.SettingCommunity Health Division, Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bangalore.Study designWe used mixed methods research with a quantitative (QUAN) paradigm nested in the primary qualitative (QUAL) design. QUAL methods included ethnography research methods, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.ParticipantsA healthcare team of doctors, nurses, paramedical and support staff. Out of 87 staff, 42 participated in the QUAL methods and 64 participated in the QUAN survey.ResultsBeing cognizant of the extreme vulnerability of the slums, the health team struggled with conflicting thoughts of self-preservation and their moral obligation to the marginalised section of society. Majority (75%) of the staff experienced fear at some point in time. Distracting themselves with hobbies (20.3%) and spending more time with family (39.1%) were cited as a means of emotional regulation by the participants in the QUAN survey. In the QUAL interviews, fear of death, the guilt of disease transmission to their loved ones, anxiety about probable violence and stigma in the slums and exhaustion emerged as the major themes causing stress among healthcare professionals. With positive cognitive reappraisal, the health team collectively designed and implemented adaptive interventions to ensure continuity of care. They dealt with the new demands by positive reframing, peer support, distancing, information seeking, response efficacy, self-efficacy, existential goal pursuit, value adherence and religious coping.ConclusionThe novel threat of the COVID-19 pandemic threw insurmountable challenges potentiating disastrous consequences; slums becoming a threat to themselves, threat to the health providers and a threat for all. Perhaps, a lesson we could learn from this pandemic is to incorporate ‘slum health’ within universal healthcare.
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Naeem, Mehek, Naeem Zafar, Atia-ur Rehman, and Waseem Akram. "Understanding the Context of Education in an Urban Slum: A Case of Babu Sabu, Lahore." UMT Education Review 4, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/uer.41.02.
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Article 25 A of the Constitution of Pakistan stipulates that free and compulsory education must be given to all children between the ages of 5 and 16. However, there are gaps in its implementation leaving out pockets such as children in slums. Non-government organizations (NGOs) play an essential part in bridging the said gaps. This study explored the context of education in a slum area located at Babu Sabu Interchange, Lahore where an NGO PAHCHAAN (Protection and Help of Children against Abuse and Neglect)is providing non-formal education to children via community engagement. The current study explored the context of education in a slum where intervention is already implemented through/using the case study method. A survey from all the households in this area (N=26) and a focus group discussion from six mothers were conducted. The results showed a positive attitude of the mothers towards the education of their children, as 65.4% of the participants strongly agreed that it is essential to get children enrolled in schools. The findings from the focus group discussion highlighted several challenges such as the lack of financial resources, distance of school from the slum area, lack of acceptance of over-aged children and a difficult admission procedure. Bullying and cursing were, however, the leading cause of dropping out of regular schools. This preliminary study highlights the importance of taking a strategic approach towards “education for all,” looking at deep-rooted issues so that no child is left behind.
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Naeem, Mehek, Naeem Zafar, Atia-ur Rehman, and Waseem Akram. "Understanding the Context of Education in an Urban Slum: A Case of Babu Sabu, Lahore." UMT Education Review 4, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/https://doi.org/10.32350/uer.41.02.
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Article 25 A of the Constitution of Pakistan stipulates that free and compulsory education must be given to all children between the ages of 5 and 16. However, there are gaps in its implementation leaving out pockets such as children in slums. Non-government organizations (NGOs) play an essential part in bridging the said gaps. This study explored the context of education in a slum area located at Babu Sabu Interchange, Lahore where an NGO PAHCHAAN (Protection and Help of Children against Abuse and Neglect)is providing non-formal education to children via community engagement. The current study explored the context of education in a slum where intervention is already implemented through/using the case study method. A survey from all the households in this area (N=26) and a focus group discussion from six mothers were conducted. The results showed a positive attitude of the mothers towards the education of their children, as 65.4% of the participants strongly agreed that it is essential to get children enrolled in schools. The findings from the focus group discussion highlighted several challenges such as the lack of financial resources, distance of school from the slum area, lack of acceptance of over-aged children and a difficult admission procedure. Bullying and cursing were, however, the leading cause of dropping out of regular schools. This preliminary study highlights the importance of taking a strategic approach towards “education for all,” looking at deep-rooted issues so that no child is left behind.
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Aruan, Rita Vinolia, and Nelly Marina Rawaty. "Internalisasi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Permukiman Kumuh di Kota Madya Pematang Siantar." Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 3, no. 2 (December 2, 2020): 761–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v3i2.365.
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Slums are considered as parts of the town were very unproductive, dirty, do not have the potential, not efficient and unobtrusive aesthetics and beauty, where slums are often regarded as the emergence of a variety of deviant behavior, such as crime and other social ills sources. But behind it all, let us look at some areas that initially slum turned into a environmentally friendly, clean, and beautiful.Various programs have been implemented properly, people are still expectedto perform management and maintenance of the environment through pure consciousness in various forms of participation. Enterprises utilizing, foster, and preserve the natural surroundings is a positive effort in improving the quality of housing environment, because if not so then the environment will be back to slum areas.The community empowerment must still be done to maintain, improve, in order to perform maintenance of environmental quality at least equal, or, if feasible quality increases with the active participation of citizens. The success of community empowerment in the management and maintenance of settlements can be seen from the efforts undertaken, such as optimizing the function and role of institutions of formal and non-formal, define and regulate the rights, obligations and responsibilities of citizens, organize and menyelenggaranan allocation, use, supply, maintenance of land and water, and the potential of the natural environment in improving the quality of settlement environment.
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Mamun, Muhammad, and Kaniz Fatima. "Slum Dwellers' perception about COVID-19: A Study in Dhaka Metropolis Slums." Technium Social Sciences Journal 21 (July 9, 2021): 728–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v21i1.3797.
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This research explored Dhaka slum dwellers’ (n=434 using convenience, quota, and judgmental sampling) view about COVID-19, its causes, preventive measures, potential high-risk groups, self-awareness, transmission prevention, orthodox beliefs, and vaccine effectiveness using 56 simple variables grouped in eight complex variables. The slum dwellers viewed COVID-19 as a fatal and chronic disease spread by Chinese. They perceive that direct contact with infected persons, cough and sneeze droplets, and physical proximity cause the disease. Regarding preventive measures, they think that they must wear masks, frequently wash hands, face, and feet, use soap or hand sanitizer to wash hands. They assume that hot water gargle, more lime/lemon intake, sunlight exposure, and physical activities can reduce the risk of infection. They also perceive that people of any age bear the risk of contagion; but asthmatic, heart and diabetic patients fall in the high-risk group. The slum people self-protect covering nose and mouth while sneeze and cough, take precaution if tested positive, and maintain social distance. They take this disease seriously, as such, they wear masks, avoid guests, friends, and mass transports. They subscribed that if affected they will be in self-quarantine and follow prescribed movement and lockdown decisions to prevent transmission. They believe that home quarantine is for the infected persons only. Slum residents are found to recognize preventive mechanism and self-awareness tactics; but they are carried away by some religious beliefs like the disease is Allah’s will, a curse from Allah, results of our misdeeds, and Allah will save COVID-affected people. Because of their doubt of vaccine effectiveness, they are not quite confident about taking vaccine. Overall, the respondents do not think that they are risk-free. It is found that some of their views are not factual, like COVID-19 is a chronic disease, spread by Chinese; sunrays, hot water gargle reduces risks; lime/lemon intake prevent the disease; or diabetic, asthmatic, and heart patients are at more risks. It is noted that most of the perceptional differences are observed with family types. Nuclear family respondents believe that cold weather causes it and perceive strongly that asthmatic patients are more susceptible to infection. They perceive similar risk of being affected if exposed to a diseased person; however, infected elderly people with comorbidities are more prone to serious illness. They blindly perceive that COVID-19 is all Allah’s will. Education wise, the participants differ in their opinion in almost all the variables. Female slum members firmly believe that Chinese has brought the disease; but males are noted to be more self-aware than females. Married slum residents strongly believe that sunlight exposure and physical activities can prevent the disease and hold the misconception that COVID-19 is a curse from Allah and results of all our misdeeds. Irrespective of their literacy level all respondents believe that Allah will save COVID-affected people. Further, occupation-wise slum dwellers have similar viewpoint about preventing the disease and curbing community transmission. Slum residents’ opinion related to causes of the disease and vaccination has no association with age and income. Older slum residents are found to be more self-aware and cautious in limiting disease transmission, although they possess stronger orthodox religious views and more dubious about vaccination. Slum dwellers’ perception to several aspects of COVID-19 are noticed to be weakly positively related with income, indicating that even when the relatively higher income groups retain views closer to reality, their tendency to be conscious and abide by protective mechanism to reduce risk and control spread of the disease is less as opposed to insolvent slum inhabitants. The factor analysis has found that the grouping variables and the factor variables are quite consistent. It is noted that “self-awareness” and “risk reduction” are the most important factors followed by perception regarding COVID-19 vaccine. In short, slum dwellers are not observed to have a very clear idea about COVID-19, its causes, prevention mechanism, etc. They are aware of some methods of self-protection and deterrence of transmission. However, it is to be ensured that they strictly follow the methods to protect themselves and avoid community spread of the disease.
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Suliyati, Titiek, Dewi Yuliati, Slamet Subekti, and Tri Handayani. "The Dynamics of the Community of Kampung Batik Semarang in Overcoming Slumness." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 09006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912509006.
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At the beginning of its growth, Kampung Batik developed rapidly as a center of batik production and as a residence for residents of Semarang and its surroundings. Kampung Batik then became a very crowded, slum village and became a hotbed of crime). The Kampung Batik in 2016 was designated as a Thematic Village by the Mayor of Semarang. This has aroused public awareness to improve the village, both physically and socially. Changes in Kampung Batik from slum villages to clean and beautiful villages deserve to be studied because of the large role of the community in managing the village environment. The problem examined in this article is how community management in Kampung Batik is carried out so that it can transform slums into beautiful villages. Because the study of this article discusses the process of change and development of Kampung Batik, the method used is the historical method, the stages of which are heuristics (source collection), criticism, interpretation, and writing facts). The conclusion is that the Semarang City Government program to create a Thematic Village has a positive value. Kampung Batik, which has been arranged, has become one of the tourist destinations in Semarang.
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Gholib, Agus. "Penataan Permukiman Di Kawasan Kampung Seng Kota Blitar." REVITALISASI 8, no. 1 (February 6, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/revitalisasi.v8i1.869.
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Arrangement of Slum in a dense residential neighborhood that tends to be slum must fulfill basic principles. First, legalization of ownership status on land and housing sites, Second, provision or improvement of technical services, such as clean water, waste and management of liquid waste, sanitation, electricity, road sidewalks, street lighting. Third, provision or improvement of social infrastructure such as schools, clinics, community centers, playgrounds, green areas. Fourth, the improvement of the physical environment, including the rehabilitation / improvement of Ineligible Houses. Fifth, if deemed necessary, the construction of new housing units is included in the up-grading scheme. Sixth, a redesign of the settlement development plan, including the harmony of buildings and road patterns in accordance with infrastructure needs. Seventh, a change in the policy or regulatory framework that is more in line with the needs and opportunities available to the urban community. However, the involvement of people who live in slum areas, from the planning process to the implementation of the arrangement and improvement of the quality of slum areas, is a must. So that in determining the priority of community activities will feel part of the improvement and development in the region. From the participation and empowerment, there will be a response from the residents' expectations of the living conditions in accordance with their needs and increased comfort.
For this reason, the paradigm from development to empowerment of the development and construction of settlements, requires the comfort of living to be a priority that is taken into consideration in the sustainable arrangement of settlements. Criteria for the comfort of living will be the standard of success in evaluating the results of structuring and improving the quality of slums. The success of the physical arrangement of settlements is not a benchmark for the usefulness and sustainability of an area, but a process of survival that will have a positive impact on changes in the quality of life for people who live in Kampung Seng Area Kerantil Settlements
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Pryer, Jane A., Stephen Rogers, and Ataur Rahman. "The epidemiology of good nutritional status among children from a population with a high prevalence of malnutrition." Public Health Nutrition 7, no. 2 (April 2004): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2003530.
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AbstractObjectives:To identify socio-economic demographic and environmental factors that predict better height-for-age for children under 5 years of age in a Dhaka slum population.Design:A panel survey, conducted between 1995 and 1997. A random sample of households was selected. Socio-economic, demographic and environmental variables were collected monthly by questionnaire and nutritional status was assessed.Setting:Dhaka slums in Bangladesh.Subjects:Three hundred and ninety-two children, surveyed in September–November 1996.Main outcome measures:Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) above −2.Results:Thirty-one per cent of children had HAZ <−2. Logistic regression adjusted for cluster sampling showed that better nourished children were more likely to have taller mothers, to be from female-headed households and from families with higher income, electricity in the home, better latrines, more floor space and living in Central Mohammadpur. Better nourished children were less likely to have fathers who have taken days off from work due to illness.Conclusions:Interest in ‘positive deviance’ is motivated by the recognition that a focus on the malnourished only – the bottom tail of the distribution – provides indications of how families fail, but not of how they succeed in maintaining child nutrition in the face of adversity. Our analysis provides an alternative perspective on nutrition and vulnerability in an urban slum setting.
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Aleemi, Abdur Rahman, Hina Khaliqui, and Asima Faisal. "Challenges and Patterns of Seeking Primary Health Care in Slums of Karachi: A Disaster Lurking in Urban Shadows." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 30, no. 5 (May 2, 2018): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539518772132.
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This study aimed to evaluate the challenges and patterns of seeking primary health care services in slums of Karachi, where about 60% of the population lives in various informal settlements. We surveyed 8 largest slums of the metropolitan, and analyzed the data both descriptively and inferentially to evaluate the factors associated with health care seeking behavior. Significantly positive association of quality health care seeking behavior and various socioeconomic indicators were found. In addition, substantial insights about the conditions of slum dwellers and health challenges of the population, such as low immunization and low vaccinations, among others, were reported. Thus, the role of policymakers is emphasized to strategize for the inclusion of these people in national health plans and to develop health infrastructure near these communities. Furthermore, there is a strong need to increase awareness of the population about hygiene practices, importance of immunization, and importance of utilizing appropriate health care services.
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APRIANI, DEASSY. "CAPABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF PAYING WASTE MANAGEMENT TOWARDS RUMID ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT IN PALEMBANG CITY GROWTH CENTER." SRIWIJAYA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS 3, no. 3 (October 20, 2019): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/sijdeb.v3i3.257-270.
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This research was carried out in the slum area located in the sub-district as the growth center of Palembang City, namely Ilir Timur II Subdistrict and secondary growth center, Ilir Barat District II. The analytical method used is the analysis of the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), and the data used are primary data and secondary data. Public perceptions of participatory waste management efforts to improve environmental quality in slums are relatively good. It can be seen that as much as 61 percent of respondents answered that the people responsible for waste management were the people themselves. The level of public acceptance of participatory waste management efforts to improve the quality of the environment in slums is quite good. 120 people or 80 percent of respondents are willing to pay for waste management. Of the 120 respondents, the amount of rupiah willing to be paid to manage waste is Rp. 1,358,000. With monthly waste management fees of IDR 5,000-10,000, - Factors that influence the amount of willingness to pay for waste management, namely waste volume has a positive and significant effect, while income, education level, and number of dependents have no significant effect. Likewise with gender, between men and women does not have a significant effect so there is no difference in influence. The types of jobs between formal and informal, locations according to the primary, secondary and tertiary growth center categories and slum characteristics also have different effects on willingness to pay for waste management. Keywords: Willingness to Pay, WTP, Environment, Growth Center
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Collins, William J., and Katharine L. Shester. "Slum Clearance and Urban Renewal in the United States." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 239–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.5.1.239.
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We study the local effects of a federal program that helped cities clear areas for redevelopment, rehabilitate structures, complete city plans, and enforce building codes. We use an instrumental variable strategy to estimate the program's effects on city-level measures of income, property values, employment and poverty rates, and population. The estimated effects on income, property values, and population are positive and economically significant. They are not driven by changes in demographic composition. Estimated effects on poverty reduction and employment are positive but imprecise. The results are consistent with a model in which local productivity is enhanced. (JEL I32, N32, N92, R23, R38, R58)
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Rokanuzzaman, M., MA Ali, MN Hossain, and MA Miah. "Study on Livelihood Status of Slum Dwellers in the North Dhaka City Corporation." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 6, no. 2 (February 11, 2015): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i2.22102.
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The study was undertaken to determine the livelihood status of slum dwellers in some selected areas of North Dhaka City Corporation and to explore the relationship between livelihood statuses of slum dwellers with the selected characteristics. Data were collected from 130 slum households by using interview schedule from July to October 2012 in following a stratified random sampling procedure. Majority (43.08%) of the respondents were young in the study area. Almost one half (43.07%) of the respondents was illiterate to could sign only. Majority of the slum people were found in the low annual income category, low media contact, low training exposure and medium environmental knowledge. Overall livelihood status of the slum people was found low and majorities (65.37%) of the respondents were found having high problems (such as lack of proper waste management system, lack of proper sanitation and drainage system, water crisis than necessary and lack of proper health facilities). Relationship among the variables was determined by using the Pearsons Product Moment correlation co-efficient (r). The computed value of correlation coefficient showed that education, annual income, media contact, training exposure, and knowledge about environment showed significant positive relationship at 0.01 level of probability with their livelihood status. On the other hand, age, family size and credit had no significant relationship with their livelihood status.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i2.22102 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(2): 89-95 2013
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Kakonge, Amb Dr John O. "Containing the High Incidence of COVID-19 in the Urban Slums of Nairobi: The Case of Kibera." Communication, Society and Media 3, no. 3 (July 23, 2020): p86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/csm.v3n3p86.
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Globally, urban slums (in most cases, informal settlements) have been hit badly by novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The reasons for this include the cramped living conditions that make social distancing impossible, and high levels of poverty and unemployment that make masks and clean water for hand washing unaffordable to many slum residents. This paper makes the case for upgrading Kibera, which is long overdue. The United Nations General Assembly endorsed the upgrading of urban slums as a priority Sustainable Development Goal in 2015. To win the war against coronavirus in Kibera, the Government should adopt a bottom-up approach, using the existing community leadership and youth groups, as opposed to a top-down approach. Given the increasing number of positive cases of coronavirus in Kibera, the Government must apply a selective lockdown, as it did in Eastleigh, Mandera and old town Mombasa. Winning the war in Kibera ultimately depends not only on Government efforts, but also on the commitments of local communities and individual residents.
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Bhuiyan, Mahbubur Rahman, Sk Akhtar Ahmad, Md Shahidullah, and Mahfuzur Rahman Bhuiyan. "Nutritional Status and Associated Factors among 24 to 59 Months old Urban Slum Children of Dhaka City." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v11i1.30660.
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Introduction: Malnutrition is one of the leading causes of disease in children. Prevention of under nutrition is one of the priority efforts to reduce childhood mortality. About 20% of the population is forced to reside in urban slum due to rapid urbanization. Lack of basic human necessities in the urban slum, adversely affects the nutritional status resulting in poor growth and development of the slum children.Objectives: To assess nutritional status and associated factors among 24 to 59 months old urban slum children of Dhaka city in Bangladesh.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted during the period of March 2009 to June 2009 among 24 to 59 months old children of Vashantek slum of Dhaka. A total of 207 children who were available along with their mother during data collection period, were included as the study participants. For data collection face to face interview of the mother was performed and to determine the nutritional status of children anthropometric measurement was carried out.Results: Among the total 207 children, 54.1% were male and 45.9% were female. The mean age± standard deviation of the children was 43.6±11.0 months. As per Z-score of National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference classification, 45.4% children were underweight, 48.3% were stunted and 28.1% were wasted. Majority of the malnourished children were within 46 months of age. There was a little difference in nutritional status between male and female children. As per immunization schedule, 85.0% of the children completed their immunization. A higher proportion of the underweight children (57.7%) were not exclusively breastfed in comparison to that of the wasted children (42.3%). Moreover, it was revealed that there was a positive association between incomplete immunization and underweight, stunting and wasting (p<0.05). The study also showed that there was an association between history of absence of exclusive breast feeding and underweight (p<0.005) and wasting (p<0.001) status of the children.Conclusion: The study revealed that none of the slum children had normal nutrition, all of them were suffering from malnutrition and majority of them had stunted growth or were underweight. As the slum children are a part of urban society and will be the future generation, it is expected that the finding of this study will sensitize the policy makers to formulate policy and undertake measures to prevent malnutrition amongst the slum children.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.11(1) 2015: 14-18
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De, Indranil, and Tirthankar Nag. "Deprivation in slums and child poverty: study on Kolkata." International Journal of Social Economics 43, no. 7 (July 11, 2016): 739–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-11-2014-0226.
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Purpose – The study attempts to look into the poverty and deprivation in slums across various social and religious groups and its bearing on the children. It not only analyses income poverty but also looks at derivation of access to basic services including water, sanitation and drainage. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the income and non-income deprivation of childbearing and non-childbearing households. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on a survey of 541 sample households selected from 23 slums of Kolkata, India. The authors have adopted a mixture of cluster sampling and systematic sampling technique. The slums of Kolkata have been segregated into three regions and further segregated by overlaying the population and average monthly income of slums. Slums have been selected randomly from these stratums. Households have been selected from the slums by systematic sampling method. Findings – The Muslim and backward caste households are more deprived with respect to income and access to basic services as compared to Hindu general (upper) caste. Deprivations with respect to income and basic services are more pronounced for households having child than for households not having child. Childbearing households are less likely to receive better water supply, sanitation and drainage services as compared to others due to their religious and residential identities. Slum children get affected by the complex political economy of basic service delivery. The study also finds that electoral competition has positive and political clientelism has negative impact on access to basic services. Research limitations/implications – The study is based on results obtained from survey in one city of India. Hence, these results cannot be generalized for India or for the developing countries taken together. Further studies across cities of developing countries are required to arrive at any generalized conclusion. Practical implications – The study suggests that public policies should attempt to disentangle minorities and children from the local political economy. Otherwise, deprivation and disparity even across low income households living in slums would persist. Deprivation of child bearing households would lead to a deteriorating future for the slum children. Social implications – This paper have pave the path for new generation public policy for the urban poor and minorities. Originality/value – This paper highlights the incidence of deprivation of minorities and childbearing households vis-à-vis other households in the slums. It contributes to the overall understanding on urban poverty.
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Muthigani, Edmund, Stephen Diang'a, and Wanyona Githae. "Assessment of the Social and Economic Impact of Innovative Construction in Housing in Slum Upgrading: A Case of Mathare Valley, Nairobi." International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering 11, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijsce.a3520.0911121.
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Background: Adequate descent housing is a universal human rights integral component. Resources’ costs and intensified rural-urban migration increase demand for sustainable housing. Modern knowledge-based-economy uses innovation. Construction industry uses product and process innovation to provide adequate and descent low-cost housing. Kenya adopted innovation practices of slum upgrading that uses cost effective locally available building materials. This study looked at the outcomes; social and economic impacts of innovative construction in housing in the Mathare Valley Slum upgrading project Methods: This post occupancy study used exploratorydescriptive research design. Random sampling was used to sample 384 users of low-cost housing projects in Mathare Valley, Nairobi County. Research instruments included semi-structured questionnaires and interview guides. Pilot study, validity and reliability tests ensured quality of study. Ethical considerations included university approval and consent. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 21 was applied to compute the descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: Slum-upgrading had significant-positive outcome on improved houses and community. Social impacts included communal facilities; assurance of security of tenure; and retained frameworks of establishments. Economic impacts included employment; affordable and durable units (p values <0.05). Upgrading process did not influence rent fees, was corrupt and led to displacement of residents. Conclusion: Slum upgrading process affected positively. Similar projects should consider residents in decision-making.
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Supriyatno, Budi. "Synergy Model of the Role of Local Government and Community in the Relocation of Slums in Jakarta Indonesia." Asian Social Science 17, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v17n2p1.
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The problem of slum areas along the river in Jakarta Indonesia does not only cover housing problems, but also social and economic problems for people living in slum areas. As city dwellers, they are entitled to a place to live and earn a living without breaking the rules. However, the DKI Jakarta Government has been taking issue with its citizens who have always refused to evict and relocate their citizens for a better life. In fact, the DKI Jakarta Government wants to arrange slum settlements along the river, which is done in stages with. Therefore, a synergy role model is needed to be built, among others, through direct public deliberations with its citizens which can be used as a good structuring pattern and can become a forum for communication between the Regional Government and the community. The steps that need to be taken are government efforts so that citizens can change their views to a more positive direction in assessing the policies of the DKI Jakarta Regional Government and how Regional Government policies can optimally implement the people's aspirations. To understand these problems, it is necessary to conduct research that examines the problems of slum settlements in Jakarta which are expected to produce solutions that can solve existing problems. This study aims to examine the perceptions, motivations and attitudes of the people of Jakarta towards local government policies. The goal is to be able to develop role models for the DKI Jakarta Regional Government and communities in slum settlements according to the aspirations and socio-economic conditions of the local community.
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Bhartiya, Shibal, and Nishant Kumar. "Acceptability of a second lockdown in Western India: anniversary of lockdown one." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 2630. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211915.
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Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of the inhabitants of the urban slums in Mumbai, Maharashtra, regarding re-imposition of a lockdown.Methods: This cross-sectional, voluntary, questionnaire-based study was conducted in an urban slum in October, 2020. Questions were designed to elicit responses about COVID-19 awareness, acceptability of lockdown, including travel restrictions, closure of schools, colleges, and places of worship. Median and range were calculated for continuous variables, while categorical variables were represented as frequency and percentages. P value<0.05 was statistically significant.Results: A total of 1342 adult respondents (710 females, 632 males), were included in this questionnaire-based analysis. Most respondents believed awareness about COVID-19 was adequate, the younger population more in agreement with statement. 77.4% of the respondents believed that authorities should restrict travel to and from COVID-19 hotspot areas, while 81% said colleges and schools should be closed. Interestingly, 80.5% of the respondents supported closure of temples and mosques, while 75.7% supported a citywide lockdown with cases rising, and 7.6% were against it. The significant positive associations for lockdown included younger age, higher education, higher and income. Retired people were least likely to agree with the restrictions of a lockdown.Conclusions: While majority of urban slum inhabitants in Mumbai agree with the need for a lockdown in case of increase in COVID-19 cases, it is important to continue culturally targeted risk communication, along with implementation of social justice-oriented policies.
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Asterix, Ekky Fiorentina, Antun Mardiyanta, and Erna Setijaningrum. "OVERCOMING SLUM SETTLEMENTS: LESSON LEARNED FROM IMPLEMENTATION OF UNINHABITABLE HOUSE SOCIAL REHABILITATION PROGRAM IN SURABAYA." dia 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/dia.v19i1.4619.
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Slum areas can generate bad impacts on health and the environment. Thus, the government of Surabaya city arranges TAHU PANAS innovation through a social rehabilitation program for unfit for habitation to overcome. The program has achieved good output. This is evidenced by an increase in program beneficiaries every year, a decrease in the percentage of slum areas, and an award from the Ministry of PANRB as an outstanding innovation. This research aimed to determine and describe the success of the implementation process of this program in overcoming slum settlements in Surabaya city. The success of this implementation can be understood by the theory of policy implementation by Hill & Hupe as an analysis tool. We used qualitative methods through document analysis to discuss these issues. The results showed that the implementation process seen from the characteristics of the policy was optimal because the level of ambiguity and conflict was low; policy formation is adequate in terms of policy objectives, policy standards or targets, human and financial resources as well as incentive policies; the policy transfer process is quite clear and detailed; the effect of the implementor response is quite optimal both in terms of disposition and behavior; horizontal relations between organizations are adequate; positive target group response; and the policy environment that has supported the running of the policy. The implementation process in this program to tackle slum settlements in the city of Surabaya is optimal enough, thus, successful implementation can be achieved.
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Ferdausi, Munira, Fatema Ashraf, Nourin Rahman, Zara Rahman, and Fahima Mustanzid. "Cervical Cancer Screening On 1000 Healthy Asymptomatic Women Residing In Slum of Rajshahi City of Bangladesh." Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College 7, no. 1 (March 7, 2017): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v7i1.31784.
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Background: Cervical carcinoma is an important cause of mortality among adult women.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to detect the pre-cancerous condition of cervix in women.Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the OPD of a tertiary care hospital of Rajshahi City in Bangladesh during the year June 2010 to August 2011. Healthy asymptomatic women residing in slum of Rajshahi city with a marital age of 8 years and above were included as study population. VIA test was performed in all women. The VIA positive cases were invited for colposcopy and directed biopsies were obtained from women who were colposcopically positive.Result: A total number of 1000 women were studied. Among them 80(8%) women were VIA positive. These positive cases were also referred for colposcopy. Out of the 80 cases, 26 (32%) were colposcopically normal and 50(63%) were CIN-1 and 4(5%) women were CIN II. Directed biopsy was done among colposcopically positive group. Histopathological examination shows 44 (82%) were CIN-1 and 4(7%) were CIN- II and 6(11%) were chronic cervicities.Conclusion: Cervical screening of the slum area women shows an important number of women suffering from precancerous condition of which CIN-l is the most common.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2015; 7(1):14-17
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Kanani, Shubhada, and Kamal Popat. "Growing Normally in an Urban Environment: Positive Deviance among Slum Children of Vadodara, India." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 79, no. 5 (January 5, 2012): 606–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-011-0612-9.
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Nahar, Jhunu Shamsun, Monami Haque, Nafia Farzana Chowdhury, M. M. A. Shalauddin Qusar, Wasima Rahman, Hafizur Rahman Chowdhury, Monirul Islam, and Mohammad Ahraful Siddike Pathan. "Psychiatric morbidity among rural and slum female population: A comparative study." Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 6, no. 2 (August 4, 2016): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v6i2.29131.
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<p><strong>Background:</strong> Psychiatric disorders are more prevalent among women than men worldwide. The lifetime risk of depression and dysthymia are twice as common in women as men. Rural women usually undergoes more stressful situations and also scores more on stress scale than that of urban and slum population. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> The research objectives of this study are: 1) To find out the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among the study population. 2) To compare the disorders among the rural and slum female population. 3) To find out the influence of existing socio-demographic factors on psychiatric disorders. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Method:</strong> This is a community-based study, which is also cross sectional and descriptive in nature. The sample for the main study constituted 366 randomly selected respondents. A two-staged screening procedure was carried in the study. First, the total population was studied by screening test-Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) to divide the sample into 'screen positive' and 'screen negative' subjects. In the second stage, full assessment of a mixture of all 'screen positive' and 25% 'screen negative' was carried out by structured clinical interview for diagnosis (SCID-NP). Later SCID filled by the respondents was assessed by consultant psychiatrists by using DSMIV in order to put exact clinical diagnosis. Stress was scored according to Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale (PSLE). The total duration of the study was from July 2010 to June 2011. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Higher prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was found among rural sample (22.8%) than slum (10.90%) population. Regarding pattern of psychiatric disorders among rural sample (22.8%) than slum (10.9%) population.</p><p>See the PDF for the rest of the abstract.</p>
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Gazi, Md Amran, Subhasish Das, Mustafa Mahfuz, Md Mehedi Hasan, Md Shabab Hossain, Shah Mohammad Fahim, Md Ashraful Alam, et al. "Screening for coeliac disease in children and adults living in a slum of Dhaka, Bangladesh." BMJ Open Gastroenterology 6, no. 1 (April 2019): e000294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgast-2019-000294.
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Background and objectiveSerological screening with a confirmation through biopsy has improved the understanding of coeliac disease (CD) epidemiology worldwide. Prevalence of CD in Bangladesh is not yet explored and therefore, we aimed to assess the seroprevalence of CD in slum-dwelling malnourished children and adults in Dhaka.MethodsSerum samples were collected from three different cohorts: stunted (length-for-age Z-scores (LAZ) <−2) and at risk of stunting children (LAZ <−1 to −2) and malnourished adults (body mass index <18.5 kg/m2). Samples from all the participants were assessed for anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG-IgA) and total serum IgA by ELISA. Positive tTG-IgA and randomly selected low IgA values were reconfirmed using anti-tTG-IgG and gliadin IgG ELISA. CD was diagnosed when second screening tests were found positive and the participants were further investigated by small bowel biopsy.ResultsA total of 818 participants (240 stunted, 272 at risk of stunting children and 306 malnourished adults) were enrolled in the study. Overall, anti-tTG-IgA was positive in 5/818 (0.6%; 95% CI 0.25% to 1.46%). Of the five positive cases, anti-tTG-IgG and gliadin IgG were found positive in only one participant. Duodenal biopsy of positive participant revealed characteristic lesions of CD. Randomly selected low IgA values were found negative in tTG-IgG and gliadin IgG for all the participants. No participant was found total IgA deficient.ConclusionThe incidence of coeliac autoimmunity is low in malnourished slum dwellers regardless of age in Bangladesh. It is important to investigate the nationwide prevalence to reveal the definite picture.
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Angel, Martha Olivera, Paula Ristow, Albert Icksang Ko, and Cecilia Di–Lorenzo. "Serological trail of Brucella infection in an urban slum population in Brazil." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 6, no. 09 (September 17, 2012): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2347.
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Introduction: Brucellosis is a re-emerging zoonosis with new cases reported each year in many Latin American countries, but it is mostly under-recognized. This study presents a serological investigation of infection with Brucella abortus and Brucella canis in a poor urban community in the city of Salvador, Brazil. Methodology: Human sera (n = 180) were randomly selected from 3,171 samples taken from healthy individuals during 2003-2004 and tested with C-ELISA for B. abortus and I-ELISA for B. canis. Results: Thirteen percent (24/180) of the individuals were positive for B. abortus and 4.6 % (8/174) were positive for B. canis. Among the variables studied only age (older than 45 years) appeared to be a risk factor for the detection of Brucella antibodies. Conclusion: These results indicate the presence of Brucella infection in this settlement and highlight the need to understand the epidemiology of infection under these circumstances to establish the necessary measures for surveillance and control.
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Putra, EkaVidya. "Literation Movement From Tanah Ombak’s Community." SHS Web of Conferences 42 (2018): 00109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184200109.
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Nowadays, Character education becomes the attention of many parties. The key to character education is the availability of a positive character environment. Because character building is not enough just to provide knowledge about which is good attitude and what is bad as taught in school. This misunderstanding of school is the cause of character education and failure. Intended for character building requires a character environment that provides good examples to its members. The problem is that there are many character environments that do not support the building of good characters. Bad character environments can be seen in slum area. Slums, identical to poverty, low levels of education, many criminal acts, promiscuity and other negative behaviors. By using a new institutional approach . Data collection is done by qualitative method, through observation, interview and literature study. The success of the Tanah Ombak Community manipulates the institutional environment can not be separated from two things. First, there are actor who become key figures. Second, there in collectively shared values that drives ideas. How the environment is manipulated can be seen from the three aspects, regulative, normative and cognitive. Regulatively, many emergence of positive rules for character development. Normatively, bad old habits are replaced by positive new habits for character building. Finally, cognitively new knowledge emerges for the new characters building.
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Zulkarnaini, Wilko Rahmad, Elfindri Elfindri, and Delfia Tanjung Sari. "Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Permukiman Kumuh di Kota Bukittinggi." Jurnal Planologi 16, no. 2 (October 9, 2019): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jpsa.v16i2.5047.
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ABSTRACTCities are spatial plans on the surface (land) with administrative boundaries that have been determined where there is concentration of the population in it along with various economic, social and political activities. The city is a residential spatial structure with a large number of people on limited urban land, which is generally non-agrarian. The development of the city does not always have a positive impact, but it has a negative impact including the emergence of slum areas around the city center. Around the city center there are various centers of activity including tourism, health, education and trade as well as services in the city, provincial and national levels. The five activities are developing quite rapidly which has resulted in the development of residential areas around the city center and the poor development of slums in these locationsThe purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the development of slums. The research location is in the city of Bukittinggi, West Sumatra Province. This study uses primary data by distributing questionnaires to households throughout the City of Bukittinggi. The analysis used is logistic regression analysis. The results showed the factors that influence the development of slums including the Quality of Dwelling, Building Density, Education and Road Accessibility. These influencing factors can be used as a reference for alleviating slums in Bukittinggi City.Keywords: cities, households, slum areas. ABSTRAKKota merupakan suatu tempat pemusatan berbagai kegiatan manusia baik dari kegiatan sosial, kegiatan ekonomi, maupun kegiatan politik dimana berkonsentrasi pada satu tata ruang di atas permuakaan (darat) yang memiliki batas-batas wilayah administrasi yang sudah ditetapkan. Kota merupakan suatu tata ruang permukiman berpenduduk dengan jumlah yang banyak di atas lahan perkotaan yang terbatas, yang pada umumnya bersifat non agraris. Perkembangan kota tidak selalu menimbulkan dampak positif, namun memiliki dampak negatif diantaranya munculnya kawasan permukiman kumuh di sekitar pusat kota. Di sekitar pusat kota memiliki berbagai pusat kegiatan diantaranya pariwisata, kesehatan, pendidikan dan perdagangan serta jasa baik di lingkup kota, provinsi maupun nasional. Kelima kegiatan tersebut berkembang dengan cukup pesat yang mengakibatkan berkembang kawasan permukiman di sekitar pusat kota dan buruknya berkembang permukiman kumuh di lokasi tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan permukiman kumuh. Lokasi penelitian berada di Kota Bukittinggi Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dengan menyebarkan kuesioner ke rumah tangga se-Kota Bukittinggi. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan permukiman kumuh diantaranya Kualitas Hunian, Kepadatan Bangunan, Pendidikan dan Aksesibilitas Jalan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ini dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan guna pengentasan permukiman kumuh di Kota Bukittinggi.Kata kunci: kota, rumah tangga, permukiman kumuh.
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Saketi, Laras, Ngalimun Ngalimun, and Denok Kurniasih. "Implementasi Program Kota Tanpa Kumuh (KOTAKU) Di Kelurahan Purbalingga Kidul Kecamatan Purbalingga Kabupaten Purbalingga." Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara ASIAN (Asosiasi Ilmuwan Administrasi Negara) 8, no. 01 (March 3, 2020): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47828/jianaasian.v8i01.26.
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Policy implementation is the implementation of a policy so that the objectives of the policy can be achieved. Implementation in terms of reducing slum area is one of the problems in Indonesia. The problem in this study was motivated by the lack of fulfillment of clean water needs, the people who participated less in the implementation of the KOTAKU program, and the absence of policies that supported the KOTAKU Program in the Purbalingga Kidul Village. This study aims to determine how much influence the idealized policy, target group, implementing organization and environmental factors have on the successful implementation of the No Slum City Program (KOTAKU) in the Purbalingga Kidul Village. The research method used was quantitative associative with a sample of 116 respondents and the sampling technique used the census method or total sampling. The analytical method used is Kendall Tau-c Correlation, Kendall W Concordance Coefficient and Ordinal Regression Analysis. The results of the study show that: (1) There is a positive and significant influence between the idealized policy on the success of the implementation and the regression coefficient of 0.608. (2) There is a positive and significant influence between the target group on the success of the implementation with a regression coefficient of 0.413. (3) There is a positive and significant influence between implementing organization on the success of implementation with a regression coefficient of 0.645. (4) There is a positive and significant influence between the environmental factors on the success of the implementation with a regression coefficient of 0.706. (5) There is a positive and significant influence between idealized policy, target group, implementing organization and environmental factors on the success of implementation with a regression coefficient of 0.824.
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Phadke, A. "ACCESSIBILITY ASSESSMENT: TRAINING THE SLUM RESIDENTS IN SCALING THE ‘ACCESSIBILITY’." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5 (November 19, 2018): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-129-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> With almost half of the developing world turning ‘urban’, it becomes a major challenge for the local self-governments to assure availability and accessibility of basic infrastructural facilities to citizens at affordable rates. The issues of accessibility become especially complicated in the cities of Global South as ‘accessibility’ is highly politicized and governed by various forces that shape social, cultural and economic hierarchies. The city space not only experiences spatial segregation but also a peculiarly linked social segregation that runs along ethnic identities creating conditions of social and economic polarization at not only macro level as well as at micro levels within slums that house lower income groups (LIG) and economically weaker sections (EWS). The conditions of inaccessibility decisively affect the wellbeing of these groups leading to erosion of social and mental wellbeing. The effective implementation of various welfare schemes also mostly remains inadequate due to the highly complicated nature of ‘inaccessibility’ and lack of transparency.</p><p>For effective implementation of various welfare schemes, the government has already moved towards ‘e-governance’. Ironically, the use of ‘smart’ technology remains restricted to higher income groups and the LIG and EWS gets excluded again due to lack of knowledge. In fact, these sections of urban population who suffer absolutely due to conditions of ‘inaccessibility’ need to be trained and involved in measuring the levels of accessibility and improving access to various basic infrastructural facilities. The paper will attempt at introducing a module that is based in simpler technologies like ODK (open data kit) and Quantum GIS to train the slum residents in mapping the accessibility vis-à-vis basic infrastructural facilities and improve the accessibility through positive deliberations with the local selfgovernments.</p>
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Girmay, Aderajew Mekonnen, Sirak Robele Gari, Azage Gebreyohannes Gebremariam, Bezatu Mengistie Alemu, Martin R. Evans, and Gebreab Teklebirhan Gessew. "Longitudinal study of microbial load of drinking water and seasonal variation of water quality at the point of use in food establishments of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 4 (October 8, 2020): 969–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.186.
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Abstract The study aimed to determine the status of microbial load of drinking water and seasonal variation of water quality. An institution-based longitudinal study was conducted. 1,141 food establishments were divided into slum and non-slum areas based on their location. Moreover, they were categorized as large and small food establishments. Then, 125 food outlets were selected using a simple random sampling technique. From the selected food outlets, 250 drinking water samples were collected directly from the drinking water storage in the rainy and the dry seasons. Data analysis was conducted using a repeated-measure ANOVA statistical model. The finding indicated that, 26.4% and 10.7% of the food establishments' drinking water was positive for Escherichia coli in the wet and the dry season, respectively. Moreover, 3.2% and 1.6% of the food establishments' drinking water had very high health risk to customers during the wet and the dry season, respectively. The drinking water at the point of use was found to be vulnerable to microbiological contamination and had a serious health risk. Therefore, good sanitation and proper handling of drinking water, and effective drinking water treatment, such as disinfection and filtration, should be practiced in all food establishments.
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Sari, Sri Yusnita Irda, M. Ersyad Hamda, Adi Imam Cahyadi Cahyadi, Jasmine Maulinda Utami, Mogenes Ravichandran, and Ardini Raksanagara. "Detection of Entamoeba sp. and Helmith Eggs From Water Sources in Urban Slum Area in Bandung Municipality." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Andalas 11, no. 1 (September 1, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24893/jkma.11.1.26-32.2016.
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Diarrhea is a waterborne disease due to consumption of contaminated food/water. People in urban slum area have highest risk to get diarrhea because of poor hygiene and sanitation as well as limited access to uncontaminated water. This study aimed to identify contamination in watersources by Entamoeba Sp and helmint eggs (Anchylostoma duodenale, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichuria) in one of urban slum area in Bandung municipality. Samples were taken from 123 watersources (74 tap water, 21 borehole, 22 dugwell and 6 spring water) which was randomly selected in 10 RW along the Cikapundung river basin in Tamansari subdistrict during period of July-September 2015. Water samples were examined by PCR to detect Entamoeba Sp and microscopic identification for helminth eggs. 90 out of 123 samples were positive for Entamoeba Sp (59 tap water, 16 dugwell, 11 borehole and 4 spring water). Helminth egg of Ascaris lumbricoides was detected from unimproved common dugwell which had very high risk of contamination. Appropriate of water treatment prior to consumption is vastly important. Physical improvement to construct improved dugwell should be done to prevent contamination from helminth eggs in watersources.
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Sari, Sri Yusnita Irda, M. Ersyad Hamda, Adi Imam Cahyadi Cahyadi, Jasmine Maulinda Utami, Mogenes Ravichandran, and Ardini Raksanagara. "Detection of Entamoeba sp. and Helmith Eggs From Water Sources in Urban Slum Area in Bandung Municipality." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Andalas 11, no. 1 (September 1, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24893/jkma.v11i1.216.
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Diarrhea is a waterborne disease due to consumption of contaminated food/water. People in urban slum area have highest risk to get diarrhea because of poor hygiene and sanitation as well as limited access to uncontaminated water. This study aimed to identify contamination in watersources by Entamoeba Sp and helmint eggs (Anchylostoma duodenale, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichuria) in one of urban slum area in Bandung municipality. Samples were taken from 123 watersources (74 tap water, 21 borehole, 22 dugwell and 6 spring water) which was randomly selected in 10 RW along the Cikapundung river basin in Tamansari subdistrict during period of July-September 2015. Water samples were examined by PCR to detect Entamoeba Sp and microscopic identification for helminth eggs. 90 out of 123 samples were positive for Entamoeba Sp (59 tap water, 16 dugwell, 11 borehole and 4 spring water). Helminth egg of Ascaris lumbricoides was detected from unimproved common dugwell which had very high risk of contamination. Appropriate of water treatment prior to consumption is vastly important. Physical improvement to construct improved dugwell should be done to prevent contamination from helminth eggs in watersources.
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Amodu, Olukemi K., Adesola O. Olumide, Obioma C. Uchendu, Folakemi A. Amodu, and Olayemi O. Omotade. "Differences in the Malariometric Indices of Asymptomatic Carriers in Three Communities in Ibadan, Nigeria." Advances in Preventive Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/509236.
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This study was conducted to determine the malariometric indices of children in three different settings in Ibadan, Nigeria. Children were recruited from an urban slum (Oloomi) and a periurban (Sasa) and a rural community (Igbanda) in Ibadan. Children aged between 2 and 10 years were randomly selected from primary schools in the urban and periurban areas. In the rural community, children were recruited from the centre of the village. A total of 670 (55.0%) out of 1218 children recruited were positive for malaria parasitaemia. The urban population had the highest proportion of children with malaria parasitaemia. Splenomegaly was present in 31.5%, hepatomegaly in 41.5%, hepatosplenomegaly in 27.5%, and anaemia in 25.2% of the children. The parasite density was not significantly different among children in the three communities. Children in the rural community had the highest mean PCV of 34.2% and the lowest rates of splenomegaly (6.1%), hepatomegaly (7.6%), and hepatosplenomegaly (4.6%). The spleen rates, liver rates, and presence of hepatosplenomegaly and anaemia were similar in the urban and periurban communities. The malariometric indices among the asymptomatic carriers were high, especially in the urban slum. This stresses the need for intensified efforts at controlling the disease in the study area.
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Idham, Noor Cholis. "RIVERBANK SETTLEMENT AND HUMANITARIAN ARCHITECTURE, THE CASE OF MANGUNWIJAYA’S DWELLINGS AND 25 YEARS AFTER, CODE RIVER, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 42, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jau.2018.6900.
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Code riverbank has drawn worldwide attention since 90’s when Architect Mangunwijaya involved in the dispute of urban riverside settlement in Yogyakarta. Struggling for the slum between the municipality and the dwellers gradually dwindled, and one of most significant causes was his humanitarian dwelling self-help scheme on Kampung Code. The project, which was later recognized by Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 1992, was not only purposed for reducing the tension but also promoting appropriate social order by considering the natural environment vulnerability. One of the poorest and most crook riverbank zones of the city had transformed to be a better environment with positive atmosphere afterward. Unfortunately, the project was hardly followed by other dwelling construction either in the site or other parts of the bank. This paper studies how the architecture could cure the social problems as well as resolve the environmental challenges and its sustainability. The social approaches done by Mangunwijaya and how he captured the high-risk of riverbank nature to the dwelling concepts were accessed. The results indicate that in spite of the riverside’s slum controversies, the architecture should be considered as a remedy both for social and natural problems.
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Dhari, Leonardus Fasiusta. "Area Development Strategy to Overcome the Slumps in RW 3 and RW 5, Polehan Village, Blimbing, Malang, Using IFAS and EFAS Matrix Analysis." Journal of International Conference Proceedings 3, no. 4 (January 26, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v3i4.1006.
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The purpose of this study is determining significant factors to overcome slum areas using IFAS and EFAS matrix. IFAS (Internal Factor Analysis Summary) matrix was used to analyze internal factors, including strengths and weaknesses, and EFAS (External Factor Analysis Summary) matrix was used to analyze external factors in the research area. The methodological approach in this study was qualitative which is descriptive redundant. The research was conducted at slum area of RW III and RW V, Polehan Village, Blimbing District, Malang City. The data were collected by field observations, in-depth interviews, documentation and data triangulation. The results of the analysis showed that there was a reduction in the strength and weakness values which are -1.883 (negative) and the opportunity and threat values are 0.333 (positive). These values are in quadrant II of room D in the form of selective maintenance strategy. The formulated strategy is to improve the quality of human resources (HR) in handcrafting sector by increasing the intensity of training and adding home industries, joint fund management, savings and loans as capital for households to develop Small and Medium Enterprises and increase community participation in supporting planning activities as well as institutional activities.
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Bhatia, Shivangi, and Seema Singh. "Empowering Women Through Financial Inclusion: A Study of Urban Slum." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 44, no. 4 (December 2019): 182–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919897809.
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Executive Summary Financial Inclusion is considered to be a critical indicator for development and well-being of the society around the globe. Providing inclusive financial services, that is, financial services affordable for all, has become a basic priority in many countries including India. G-20 Nations have emphasized on financial inclusion as a facilitator for achieving gender equality and other sustainable development goals. Women empowerment is a radical approach concerned with transforming power relations in favour of female gender and considered essential for global progress. Thus, an inclusive financial model is being adopted in developing nations to achieve fundamental to formative objectives. The current article investigates the dimensions of women empowerment, that is, social, political, and economic. It also undertakes a test to see if the dimensions change with financial inclusion. The authors draw upon literature to develop a structured questionnaire on women empowerment and financial inclusion through schemes like Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), Pradhan Mantri Jivan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY), Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY), and Atal Pension Yojana (APY) on women living in urban slums in the industrial town of Ludhiana, Punjab. The data were collected from 737 females living in urban slums with PMJDY bank accounts. The result indicated that PMJDY scheme has been quite successful especially in case of women in slums and has a positive influence on social, political, and economic dimensions of women empowerment. The study contributes to existing literature by advancing the debate on women in urban slums and identifies the substantial need for the development of formal financial system to enhance the scale of financial inclusion.
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Gupta, Indrani, Abhaysinh Salunkhe, and Rakesh Kumar. "Source Apportionment of PM10by Positive Matrix Factorization in Urban Area of Mumbai, India." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/585791.
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Particulate Matter (PM10) has been one of the main air pollutants exceeding the ambient standards in most of the major cities in India. During last few years, receptor models such as Chemical Mass Balance, Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), PCA–APCS and UNMIX have been used to provide solutions to the source identification and contributions which are accepted for developing effective and efficient air quality management plans. Each site poses different complexities while resolving PM10contributions. This paper reports the variability of four sites within Mumbai city using PMF. Industrial area of Mahul showed sources such as residual oil combustion and paved road dust (27%), traffic (20%), coal fired boiler (17%), nitrate (15%). Residential area of Khar showed sources such as residual oil combustion and construction (25%), motor vehicles (23%), marine aerosol and nitrate (19%), paved road dust (18%) compared to construction and natural dust (27%), motor vehicles and smelting work (25%), nitrate (16%) and biomass burning and paved road dust (15%) in Dharavi, a low income slum residential area. The major contributors of PM10at Colaba were marine aerosol, wood burning and ammonium sulphate (24%), motor vehicles and smelting work (22%), Natural soil (19%), nitrate and oil burning (18%).
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Silva, Maria Teresa Nascimento, José Valfrido Santana, Gérson Bragagnoli, Alexandre Magno da Nóbrega Marinho, and Elizabeth Malagueño. "PREVALENCE OF Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar IN THE CITY OF CAMPINA GRANDE, IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 56, no. 5 (September 2014): 451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652014000500015.
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There is a clear need to perform epidemiological studies to find the true prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica around the world. The evaluation of this prevalence has been hindered by the existence of two different species which are morphologically identical, but genetically different, namely E. histolytica, which causes amebiasis, and E. dispar, which is non-pathogenic. In Brazil, the E. dispar has been detected in communities in the Southeastern (SE) and Northeastern (NE) regions with poor sanitation. However, individuals infected with E. histolytica have been identified in other regions. There is an absence of reports on the prevalence of these parasites in the state of Paraíba, which also has areas with poor sanitary conditions where a high prevalence of the E. histolytica/E. dispar complex has been detected in children from urban slums. The present study evaluated the prevalence of E. histolytica and E. dispar in 1,195 asymptomatic children between two and 10 years of age, living in a sprawling urban slum in Campina Grande, in the state of Paraíba, in Northeastern Brazil. These children were examined and their feces samples were analyzed microscopically. A total of 553 children tested positive for the E. histolytica/E. dispar complex, and 456 of the positive samples were tested with the E. histolytica II® ELISA kit. All 456 samples were negative for the presence of the adhesin E. histolytica specific antigen. The evidence suggests that in this community E. histolytica is absent and E. dispar is the dominant species.
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Average, Chigwenya. "Low income housing problems and low-income housing solutions: opportunities and challenges in Bulawayo." Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 34, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 927–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10901-019-09676-w.
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Abstract The provision of housing for the low-income has been a major problem in many countries and the developing world has been hard hit. This inability has been the chief cause of the burgeoning slum settlement in cities of the globe where one billion people live in slum areas. The solution to the housing problem lies in the opening up of stakeholders’ participation in the provision of housing, where government, non-governmental organisation, multilateral agencies and the community can play a critical role. Critical in the whole process is the participation of urban poor in the provision of housing for the poor, where they are critical actors in defining housing programmes that best suit the urban poor. This research seeks to analyse the initiatives that have been taken by the urban poor in the city of Bulawayo in providing housing for the poor. The research made use both qualitative and quantitative methodologies in investigating the matter. Questionnaire was the main instrument to collect quantitative data and interviews and field observations were used to collect qualitative data. The research showed that there are a lot positive initiatives by the urban poor in the city of Bulawayo to provide house for the urban poor and these initiatives appear appealing to the poor as they are giving them a roof over their heads, which was never a dream in their lives. Though they appear noble they however fall far too short to provide sustainable housing to the poor as they appear to be a potential health hazard for the city. There is need for city authorities or any interested stakeholder to provide more support to such initiatives so that they can provide more sustainable housing for the poor. This will produce a housing scheme that will contribute to reduction of slum dwellers as called by the Millennium Development Goals.
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Gumelar, Gumgum, Ayuza Vania, and Herdiyan Maulana. "Do Cultural Styles Predict Pro-Environment Behaviour among Slum-area Resident of Jakarta?" E3S Web of Conferences 68 (2018): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186802003.
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Promoting pro-environmental behavior is essential to ensure the sustainable living environment was preserved. The cultural aspect is considered one of the critical determinant in predicting pro-environmental behavior. However, the interplay between these aspects was still open for further discussion, particularly in Indonesia. This study was aimed to examine the effect of individualism-collectivistic cultures on pro-environmental tendency among Jakarta's slum area resident. We classified cultural style into four different types; Horizontal Individualism (HI), Vertical Individualism (VI), Horizontal Collectivism (HC), and Vertical Collectivism (VC). While pro-environmental behavior was divided into two broad tendencies (positive and negative). Non-probability sampling technique with a purposive sampling approach was subjected to data collection. 196 Jakarta's residents were voluntary participated in this study. The study finding indicates that there were differences in pro-environmental tendencies based on cultural style variation.
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Khopkar, Sushama, Sangita Kulathinal, Suvi M. Virtanen, and Minna Säävälä. "Age at menarche and diet among adolescents in slums of Nashik, India." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 27, no. 4 (November 1, 2015): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2014-0056.
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Abstract Background and aim: The role of dietary patterns in determining age at menarche is insufficiently understood in low-income countries. The relationship between dietary patterns, particularly the consumption of oil, and age at menarche in a slum-dwelling adolescent population in India is examined. Methods: Data were derived from a cross-sectional baseline survey and anthropometric measurements among 10- to 19-year-old adolescents (n=545, female respondents 272, of whom 160 were post-menarcheal) and a household survey in two slums in the city of Nashik, Western India. By using mixed effects linear regression models, the association between age at menarche and household-wise use of sources of animal protein and oil and fat is examined. Results: Age at menarche (mean 13.7 years) in the slums studied was relatively high according to Indian standards. Age at menarche and the consumption of dairy products, meat, fish and eggs were not associated. The household per capita consumption of vegetable oil had an inverse association with a girl’s age at menarche, and there was an indication of a positive association between use of ghee (clarified butter) and age at menarche. These associations did not disappear when controlling for anthropometric status and socio-economic characteristics. Conclusion: Intake of fats and foods that are important sources of protein among underprivileged households in India is low and reflected in the relatively late age at menarche. The potential differences in the association between various types of fatty acids, energy intake and age at menarche in conditions of undernutrition requires further prospective study.
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Kar, Sonali, Ipsa Mohapatra, and Amrita Konar. "Epidemiologic Correlates of Chronic Respiratory Infections in Adults an Urban Slum of Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 4 (August 4, 2016): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n4p64.
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<p><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> Urbanization is marked by emergence of slum areas, wherein migrants from the nearby villages stay in temporary establishments for seeking avenues of employment. These dwellings lack most of the essential living conditions like safe water, healthy living conditions and access to health services. This population is also vulnerable to social evils like alcohol and tobacco addiction. KIMS, a medical college in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India has an Urban Health Training Centre (UHTC) that caters to a slum population of nearly 12,000 population for their primary health needs. Out of the monthly average of 200 patients /day, it is observed that respiratory symptoms complaints were highest both among the young and adults. Hence the study was conceived with the following objectives.</p><p><strong>AIMS & OBJECTIVES:</strong> To assess the cumulative prevalence of Chronic Respiratory Infections and prevalence of specific respiratory symptoms in urban slum population along with a gender break up.</p><p>To assess the association between the living conditions, tobacco use with the respiratory manifestations if any.</p><p><strong>METHODOLOGY:</strong> A house to house survey was done wherein all population aged 20-64years were interviewed using a pretested predesigned questionnaire adapted from questionnaire used in International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (IUATLD) study. Given the prevalence of nearly 4%, with 95% CI and a relative error of 20%, the optimum sample is considered to be nearly 400. For the study Chronic Respiratory Infections (CRI) was defined as reporting of 3 or more episodes of some specific common respiratory symptoms in last one year or a diagnosed case of asthma/COPD, warranting medical treatment.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The cumulative prevalence for CRI was seen as 11.7%, dry cough being the most common complaint ie 23.25% in both sexes. Smoking (both men and women), overcrowding and history of TB were seen as positive predictors of the disease. Use of wood or kerosene in case of women gave an OR of 6.1 times for manifestation of the disease.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Chronic Respiratory Illness is a major burden for slum dwellers and they should be educated against the risk factors and take appropriate precautions to safeguard against the illness. </p>