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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Positive well being

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Academic literature on the topic 'Positive well being'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Positive well being"

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Houghton, Stephen, Lisa Wood, Ida Marais, Michael Rosenberg, Renee Ferguson, and Simone Pettigrew. "Positive Mental Well-Being." Assessment 24, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191115609995.

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This study presents a Rasch-derived short form of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale for use as a screening tool in the general population. Data from 2,005 18- to 69-year-olds revealed problematic discrimination at specific thresholds. Estimation of model fit also deviated from Rasch model expectations. Following deletion of 4 items, the 10 remaining items indicated the data fitted the model. No items showed differential item functioning, thereby making comparisons of overall positive mental well-being for the different age, gender, and income groups valid and accurate. Cronbach’s alpha and Rasch Person Separation Index indicated a strong degree of reliability. Overall, the 10-item scale challenges researchers and clinicians to reconsider the assessment of positive mental well-being.

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Bech, Per. "Subjective positive well-being." World Psychiatry 11, no. 2 (June 2012): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wpsyc.2012.05.021.

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Roberts, Robert E. "Positive well-being and sleep." Journal of Psychosomatic Research 64, no. 4 (April 2008): 417–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.02.025.

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Kelloway, E. Kevin, Heidi Weigand, Margaret C. McKee, and Hari Das. "Positive Leadership and Employee Well-Being." Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 20, no. 1 (November 21, 2012): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1548051812465892.

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Rostosky, Sharon Scales, Robert D. Cardom, Joseph H. Hammer, and Ellen D. B. Riggle. "LGB positive identity and psychological well-being." Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity 5, no. 4 (December 2018): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000298.

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Greenglass, Esther R., and Lisa Fiksenbaum. "Proactive Coping, Positive Affect, and Well-Being." European Psychologist 14, no. 1 (January 2009): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.14.1.29.

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Traditionally, psychological research has focused on negative states, their determinants, and consequences. Theoretical conceptions of coping focus on strategies used to diminish distress. This approach is derived from the perspective that coping is mainly reactive, a strategy used once stress has been experienced. In contrast, proactive coping involves goal setting, having efficacious beliefs, and is associated with resources for self-improvement, including social support. In the present research, a theoretical model was developed in which coping and social support were seen in a synergistic relationship and were associated with a positive state that, in turn, was expected to relate to better psychological functioning. The general theoretical model was tested in three different samples: First year university students coping with depression (n = 68), rehabilitation patients mastering independent functioning following major surgery (n = 151), and employee absenteeism (n = 313). Results of path analyses showed that proactive coping was a partial mediator of social support on positive affect and that positive affect was associated with better psychological functioning. In students only, positive affect mediated the relationship between proactive coping and depression. This research represents a contribution within the field of positive psychology by empirically demonstrating how positive constructs contribute to improved psychological functioning. Theoretical and applied implications of the results are discussed.

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Kubzansky, Laura D., Jeff C. Huffman, Julia K. Boehm, Rosalba Hernandez, Eric S. Kim, Hayami K. Koga, Emily H. Feig, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Martin E. P. Seligman, and Darwin R. Labarthe. "Positive Psychological Well-Being and Cardiovascular Disease." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 72, no. 12 (September 2018): 1382–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.042.

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Ryff, Carol D., Burton H. Singer, and Gayle Dienberg Love. "Positive health: connecting well–being with biology." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, no. 1449 (September 29, 2004): 1383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1521.

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Two key types of well–being, eudaimonic and hedonic, are reviewed. The first addresses ideas of self–development, personal growth and purposeful engagement, while the second is concerned with positive feelings such as happiness and contentment. How well–being varies by age and socio–economic standing is briefly summarized, followed by examination of its biological correlates (neuroendocrine, immune, cardiovascular, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep). Preliminary findings on a sample of ageing women showed that those with higher levels of eudaimonic well–being had lower levels of daily salivary cortisol, pro–inflammatory cytokines, cardiovascular risk, and longer duration REM sleep compared with those showing lower levels of eudaimonic well–being. Hedonic well–being, however, showed minimal linkage to biomarker assessments. Future research directions building on these initial findings are discussed.

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Macleod, Andrew K., and Richard Moore. "Positive thinking revisited: positive cognitions, well-being and mental health." Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 7, no. 1 (February 2000): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0879(200002)7:1<1::aid-cpp228>3.0.co;2-s.

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Hunter, Simon C., Stephen Houghton, and Lisa Wood. "Positive Mental Well-being in Australian Adolescents: Evaluating the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 32, no. 2 (September 18, 2015): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/edp.2015.12.

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While there is increasing recognition of the need to go beyond measures of mental ill health, there is a relative dearth of validated tools for assessing mental well-being among adolescents. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) is a promising tool for use in this context, and this study evaluated its use in an Australian context. The WEMWBS was completed by 829 Western Australian adolescents, aged from 13 to 16 years old, drawn from Grades 8, 9 and 10 in seven separate high schools. Using confirmatory factor analytic techniques, the utility of the full 14-item scale was not supported, but good fit for a previously validated seven-item short version (SWEMWBS) was supported. Strong measurement invariance was demonstrated across age, and weak measurement invariance was demonstrated across gender. The scale has good internal reliability. There were no differences in SWEMWBS scores across Grades 8 to 10. Overall, the SWEMWBS represents a useful tool for educational, developmental, and school psychologists investigating positive mental wellbeing in younger adolescents.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Positive well being"

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Morrison, Diane. "Promoting positive well-being in primary school age children." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10076/.

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Lin, Bing C. "Do Recovery Experiences during Lunch Breaks Impact Worker Well-Being?" Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1245903545.

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Noad, Rupert Francis. "The importance of positive cognitive processes in psychological well-being." Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273324.

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Van, Dusen John Patrick. "Relationships amongst Gratitude, Well-Being and Depression." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1403109455.

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Jones, Kelly. "A positive future-focused intervention to increase individuals' subjective well-being." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521899.

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Moe, Krista. "FACTORS INFLUENCING WOMEN’S PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING WITHIN A POSITIVE FUNCTIONING FRAMEWORK." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/edp_etds/3.

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Women suffer a high prevalence rate of several mental disorders. National U.S. data (N = 9,282) shows that 23.4% of women meet the criteria for an anxiety disorder, 8.6% for depression, and 11.6% for a mood disorder (Kessler et al., 2005). Compared to men, women are two times more likely to be depressed (Lewinsohn, Rhode, Seeley, & Baldwin, 2001) and two to three times more likely to suffer from anxiety disorders such as panic disorders, phobias, obsessive compulsive disorders, and Posttraumatic Stress (Kessler et al., 2005). Due to experiencing a high number of mental disorders, women’s psychological well-being (PWB) has been questioned (OWH, 2009). Considerable research describes the negative influence psychological distress has on women’s lives, but little is understood of what constitutes PWB. Ryff (1989) proposed that existing models of mental health too often focus on illness and disorders, neglecting important aspects of positive functioning. This study was based on Ryff’s (1989) conceptualization that improved PWB would reflect the perception of functioning well in life (Ryff, 1989). The purpose of the present study was to identify factors important in women’s PWB. Factors included: age, household income, education, marital status, race/ethnicity, perceived social support, psychological distress, and PWB. The design of the study was a secondary data analysis based on an existing study, “The Psychological Well-Being of Women Pre- and Post- a Breast Cancer Diagnosis.” Women recalled for a diagnostic mammogram, but not diagnosed, were included in the study (N = 2,746). Measures used included: a demographic questionnaire, Scales of psychological well-being (Ryff, 1989); Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995); and a Visual Analog Scale of Perceived Social Support. Findings showed that income, education, and perceived social support showed statistically significant different PWB scores in the positive direction. Married women scored higher PWB scores than women of other types of marital status, but neither age nor race/ethnicity showed differences in outcome scores. Psychological distress and PWB were strongly and inversely correlated, suggesting that the constructs are more directly related than previously identified. Implications for therapeutic practice and future research are discussed.

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Cheung, Hung-kei, and 張鴻驥. "The role of positive emotions in well-being : an exploratory study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209541.

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The broaden-and-build theory holds that positive emotions broadens our moment-to-moment thought-action repertoire which then triggers a upward spiral of building our personal resources in the long run. Under this theoretical framework, the current study examined 1.) whether retrieval of episodic memories involving positive and negative emotions is related to experience of emotions in daily life; and 2.) the role of positive emotions in well-being and personal resources. A total of 40 participants (11 male and 29 female) from the University of Hong Kong took part in the current study. They were asked to recall events in which they experienced positive and negative emotions respectively, and then filled in a set of questionnaires measuring their experience of positive and negative emotions, general well-being, and variables of personal resources. The results of the current study did not support retrieval of emotional episodic memories as a valid and reliable assessment of daily emotion experience. On the other hand, the results coming from regression analyses using psychometric measures suggested that experience of positive emotions predicted better well-being and more adaptive personal resources (i.e. higher level of optimism and more adaptive coping styles), while experience of negative emotions predicted poorer well-bring and more maladaptive personal resources (i.e. lower level of optimism and less adaptive coping styles). Preliminary evidence seemed to support the broaden-and-build theory. Limitations and future directions were discussed towards the end of this paper.
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Clinical Psychology
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Downey, Laura. "Well-being Technologies: Meditation Using Virtual Worlds." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/65.

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In a technologically overloaded world, is it possible to use technology to support well-being activities and enhance human flourishing? Proponents of positive technology and positive computing are striving to answer yes to that question. However, the impact of technology on well-being remains unresolved. Positive technology combines technology and positive psychology. Positive psychology focuses on well-being and the science of human flourishing. Positive computing includes an emphasis on designing with well-being in mind as a way to support human potential. User experience (UX) is critical to positive technology and positive computing. UX researchers and practitioners are advocating for experience-driven design and third wave human-computer interaction (HCI) that focuses on multi-dimensional, interpretive, situated, and phenomenological aspects. Third-wave HCI goes beyond cognition to include emotions, values, culture, and experience. This research investigated technology-supported meditation in a three-dimensional (3D) virtual world from a positive technology perspective to examine how technology can support engagement, self-empowerment, and well-being. Designing and evaluating technology for well-being support is complex and challenging. Further, although virtual worlds have been used in positive technology applications, little research exists that illuminates the experience of user engagement in virtual worlds. In this formative exploratory study, experienced meditators (N = 12) interacted with a virtual meditation world titled Sanctuarium that was developed for this research. Using a third wave HCI approach, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected to understand the nature of engagement with a virtual world and the experiential aspects of technology-supported meditation. Results supported using virtual worlds to produce restorative natural environments. Participants overwhelmingly reacted positively to the islandscape including both visual and sound elements. Findings indicated that Sanctuarium facilitated the meditation experience, similar to guided meditation – although participants remarked on the uniqueness of the experience. Aspects of facilitation centered on the concepts of non-distraction, focus, and simplicity of design and instructions. Participants also identified Sanctuarium as a good tool for helping those new to meditation. Meditators described positive effects of their meditation experience during interviews and also rated their experience as positive using the scale titled Effects of Meditation During Meditation. Phenomenological analysis provided a rich description of the nature of engagement while meditating with Sanctuarium. Meditators also rated engagement as high via an adapted User Engagement Scale. This interdisciplinary work drew from multiple fields and contributes to the HCI domain, virtual worlds’ literature, information systems research, and the nascent areas of positive technology and positive computing.

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Filozof, Eileen Emery. "Effect of Gratitude on Subjective Well-Being among Children." Marietta College / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=marietta1242657947.

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Ball, Sarah. "Internet social networks,psychological well- being and positive future thinking during adolescence." Thesis, University of London Institute in Paris, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529478.

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Books on the topic "Positive well being"

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Seligman, Martin E. P. Flourish: The new positive psychology and the search for well-being. New York: Free Press, 2011.

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Seligman, Martin E. P. Flourish: The new positive psychology and the search for well-being. New York: Free Press, 2011.

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Takeda, Sōun. Pojitibu no kyōkasho: Jibun mo mawari no hito mo kōun taishitsu ni naru mittsu no kihon to jūichi no hōsoku. Tōkyō: Shufu no tomo sha, 2013.

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Slee, Phillip T., and Grace Skrzypiec. Well-Being, Positive Peer Relations and Bullying in School Settings. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43039-3.

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Beyond well-being: Spirituality and human flourishing. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Pub., 2012.

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The power of positive fitness: Maximizing physical, mental & spiritual health. Abilene, Tex: Leafwood Publishers, 2011.

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The best within us: Positive psychology perspectives on eudaimonia. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2013.

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Seligman, Martin E. P. Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. New York: Free Press, 2012.

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Lansbury, Angela. Angela Lansbury's positive moves: My personal plan for fitness and well-being. New York: Delacorte Press, 1990.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. The Human Pursuit of Well-Being: A Cultural Approach. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Positive well being"

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Heintzelman, Samantha J., and Louis Tay. "Subjective Well-Being." In Positive Psychology, 7–28. New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Frontiers of social psychology: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315106304-2.

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Witvliet, Charlotte vanOyen, and Lindsey Root Luna. "Forgiveness and Well-Being." In Positive Psychology, 131–52. New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Frontiers of social psychology: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315106304-9.

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Lucas, Richard E., Ed Diener, and Randy J. Larsen. "Measuring Positive Emotions." In Assessing Well-Being, 139–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_7.

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Le Nguyen, Khoa D., and Barbara L. Fredrickson. "Positive Emotions and Well-Being." In Positive Psychology, 29–45. New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Frontiers of social psychology: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315106304-3.

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Bouchard, Laura C., Charles S. Carver, Maria G. Mens, and Michael F. Scheier. "Optimism, Health, and Well-Being." In Positive Psychology, 112–30. New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Frontiers of social psychology: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315106304-8.

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Moneta, Giovanni B. "Positive Emotions and Well-Being." In Positive Psychology, 19–56. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-36823-2_2.

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Flynn, Victoria, and Erick Messias. "Professional Well-Being." In Positive Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychology, 59–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33264-8_6.

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Henry, Jane. "Positive Psychology and the Development of Well-Being." In Well-Being, 25–40. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230287624_2.

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Oades, Lindsay G., Hanchao Hou, Jacqueline J. Francis, Lisa M. Baker, and Lanxi Huang. "Well-being Literacy." In Handbook of Positive Psychology in Schools, 91–103. 3rd ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003013778-8.

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Sagiv, Lilach, Sonia Roccas, and Shani Oppenheim-Weller. "Values and Well-Being." In Positive Psychology in Practice, 103–20. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118996874.ch7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Positive well being"

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Banos, R., G. Garcia-Soriano, C. Botella, E. Oliver, E. Etchemendy, J. Breton, and M. Alcaniz. "Positive mood induction and well being." In 2009 2nd Conference on Human System Interactions (HSI). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hsi.2009.5091032.

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Porfírio, Catarina, Sónia Andrea, Elisabete Sousa, Letícia Sousa, Paula Camilo, and Palmira Oliveira. "Well-Being Literacy in the Ambulatory Surgery Unit and Central Operating Room." In International Meeting on Literacy and Positive Mental Health. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/msf2022016002.

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SERDIUK, Liudmyla. "THE POSITIVE APPROACH TO AN INDIVIDUAL’S PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING ACHIEVEMENT." In Happiness And Contemporary Society : Conference Proceedings Volume. SPOLOM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2020.62.

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Yan, Xinxin, and Ndapa Nakashole. "A Grounded Well-being Conversational Agent with Multiple Interaction Modes: Preliminary Results." In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on NLP for Positive Impact. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.nlp4posimpact-1.16.

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Henderson, Grace Phan-Athiroj. "POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY: A PATHWAY TO FLOURISH EMPLOYEE WELL-BEING AND PRODUCTIVITY." In 40th International Academic Conference, Stockholm. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2018.040.024.

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YAVORSKA–VETROVA, Iryna. "AN INDIVIDUAL’S PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN THE PARADIGM OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY." In Happiness And Contemporary Society : Conference Proceedings Volume. SPOLOM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2020.80.

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Sathyapriya, Sarah, Loh Chow Chin, and Wan Hazabbah Wan Hitam. "Presumed Ocular Tuberculosis – Challenges in Diagnosis." In 2nd International Conference on Public Health and Well-being. iConferences (Pvt) Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32789/publichealth.2021.1010.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a large spectrum of extra-pulmonary manifestations, and ocular tuberculosis is one of them. Diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis is often presumptive due to its extreme variability of ocular manifestations and difficulty isolating the organism through biopsy or culture. We report three cases of primary ocular tuberculosis with varied clinical presentations, namely neuroretintis, panuveitis, and occlusive vasculitis. Patients were aged 23 to 45 presented with symptoms of blurring of vision from 3 days to one week prior to presentation. Visual acuity ranged from 6/18 to 2/60. For all three cases, chest X-ray and serological investigation for infective causes were normal. Mantoux test and TB Quantiferon test were negative, and ESR was raised for the first two cases. Mantoux was positive, and ESR was not raised for the third case. Patients were diagnosed to have Presumed Ocular Tuberculosis. An anti-tubercular therapy was administered. There was significant improvement at post-initiation of medication. A high index of clinical suspicion is crucial due to the diverse clinical presentations of ocular tuberculosis. Early initiation of anti-tubercular therapy is vital for successful treatment.

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Dissanayake, Malathie, Shanmukh Kamble, and Appasaheb Patil. "BELIEFS ABOUT EMOTIONS: THE ROLE OF VALUING POSITIVE EMOTIONS IN PERSONAL WELL-BEING." In International Conference on Social Sciences. The International Institute of Knowledge Management - TIIKM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/2357268x.2018.5102.

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Fu, Peng. "An Empirical Study of Undergraduates’ Relationship Between Positive Personality and Psychological Well-being." In 7th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210519.051.

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Roy, Mr Mrinmoy, and Dr Mohit Jamwal. "The Advent of Artificial Intelligence in Diabetes Diagnosis: Current Practices and Building Blocks for Future Prospects." In 2nd International Conference on Public Health and Well-being. iConferences (Pvt) Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32789/publichealth.2021.1008.

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India has the highest proportion of diabetes patients, and it is estimated that there will be 134 Million diabetics in India by 2045 as per IDF. Also, the disease burden is increasing to the young population between ages 25-40 as more of them are diagnosed positive according to JAMA recently. Moreover, there are only 4.8 Doctors per 10,000 population, and in villages, the ratio is the lowest possible in this country, according to the Indian Journal of Public Health. Therefore, screening & predicting Diabetes at an early stage remains a priority for clinicians. It reduces the risk of major complications and improves patients' quality of life with diabetes, and builds resilience and well-being amongst other citizens. With the advancement of Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence, it is now possible to predict diabetes and other such diseases through applying deep learning algorithms in high-quality data sets. This helps in a more accurate and faster diagnosis of Pre-diabetes, Diabetes & diabetes-related progressive eye diseases. In this study, a systematic review of the Pubmed repository for current practices to diagnose Diabetes based on AI intervention in the Indian context is carried out. Also, a critical analysis was done on various pioneered companies currently offering AI-based Diabetes diagnostic services in India. The study represents different concepts of AI tools used to predict the diseases currently available in India. Although most of the studies were carried out on Diabetic Retinopathy screening, future opportunities can be in several other areas such as Clinical Decision Support, Predictive Population Risk Stratification and Patient Self-Management Tools.

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Reports on the topic "Positive well being"

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Domínguez, Patricio, and Krista Ruffini. Research Insights: How Do Longer School Days Affect Students' Economic Well-Being in Adulthood? Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003284.

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Many Latin American countries and cities have substantially lengthened the school day over the past generation. Chile, for example, increased the school day by 30 percent between 1997 and 2010. While evidence on lengthening these additional instructional resources points to positive effects in the short term, we know little about whether these reforms affect students long-term economic outcomes once they enter the labor market. This project finds longer elementary and secondary school days substantially improve economic well-being by increasing educational attainment, delaying childbearing, and increasing earnings in young adulthood.

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Starkey, Alicia. Relational Thriving in Context: Examining the Roles of Gratitude, Affectionate Touch, and Positive Affective Variability in Health and Well-Being. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6690.

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Matsuo, Hideko, and Koen Matthijs. The life course and subjective well-being across generations – an analysis based on cross-national surveys (2002–2016). Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.res4.2.

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This paper identifies subjective well-being trajectories through happiness measures as influenced by time, socio-economic, demographic and behavioural determinants. Hierarchical age-period-cohort models are applied to European Social Survey (2002–2016) data on the population aged 30 and older in 10 countries. A U-shaped relationship between age and happiness is found for some countries, but a rather flat pattern and considerable diversity beyond age 80 are detected for other countries. Lower happiness levels are found for baby boomers (1945–1964) than for preboomers and post-boomers, and also for late boomers (1955–1964) than for early boomers (1945–1954). Women, highly educated and native people are shown to have higher happiness levels than men, less educated and non-native people, respectively. Moreover, a positive assessment of income, having a partner, and being a parent, in good health, employed and socially active are all found to have a positive impact on happiness levels. We find evidence of gaps in happiness levels due to differences in socio-economic characteristics over the life course in some, but not in all of the countries analysed.

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Swannack, Robyn, Alys Young, and Claudine Storbeck. A scoping review of deaf sign language users’ perceptions and experiences of well-being in South Africa. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0082.

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Background: This scoping review concerns deaf adult sign language users from any country (e.g. users of South African Sign Language (SASL), British Sign Language (BSL), American Sign Language (ASL) and so forth). It concerns well-being understood to include subjective well-being and following the WHO’s (2001) definition of well-being as “mental health as a state of well-being in which every individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.” Well-being has three components (Steptoe, Deaton, and Stone, 2015; Stewart-Brown, Tennant, Tennant, Platt, Parkinson and Weich, 2009): (i) Live evaluation, also referred to life satisfaction, which concerns an individual’s evaluation of their life and their satisfaction with its quality and how good they feel about it; (ii) hedonic well-being which refers to everyday feelings or moods and focuses on affective components (feeling happy); (iii) eudaimonic well-being, which emphasises action, agency and self-actualisation (e.g. sense of control, personal growth, feelings of purpose and belonging) that includes judgments about the meaning of one’s life. Well-being is not defined as the absence of mental illness but rather as a positive state of flourishing that encompasses these three components. The review is not concerned with evidence concerning mental illness or psychiatric conditions amongst deaf signers. A specific concern is deaf sign language users’ perceptions and experiences of well-being.

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Feng, Ningning, Jianbin Guan, Xing Yu, Wenhao Li, Tao Liu, Guozheng Jiang, Kaitan Yang, Yongdong Yang, and He Zhao. Jintiange Capsule May Have a Positive Effect in OVCF Patients with percutaneous vertebral augmentation: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0038.

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Review question / Objective: We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of the effects of JTG capsules on patients with OVCF underwent PVA surgery, focusing on clinical outcomes and drug safety. Condition being studied: This meta-analysis aims to systematic evaluation of clinical efficacy and adverse effects of JTG with PVA in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).Our current evidence suggests that JTG capsule may relieve pain in OVCF patients who underwent PVA surgery, improve functional activity, and increase BMD, particularly in patients under the age of 70, as well as increase BGP levels.However, considering the unsatisfactory quality of the included trials, more high-quality trials are needed to prove this issue.

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Baek, Carolyn, and Naomi Rutenberg. Addressing the family planning needs of HIV-positive PMTCT clients: Baseline findings from an operations research study. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv14.1000.

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Preventing unintended pregnancy among HIV-positive women is an effective approach to reducing pediatric HIV infection and vital to meeting HIV-positive women’s sexual and reproductive health needs. Although contraceptive services for HIV-positive women is one of the cornerstones of a comprehensive program for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), a review of PMTCT programs found that implementers have not prioritized family planning (FP). While there is increasing awareness about the importance of FP and HIV integration, data about FP from PMTCT clients are lacking. The Horizons Program is conducting an operations research study testing several community-based strategies to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV in a densely settled urban slum in Nairobi, Kenya. Strategies being piloted include moving PMTCT services closer to the population via a mobile clinic and increasing psychosocial support for HIV-positive women. This research update presents key findings about FP at PMTCT sites, including the interaction between providers and clients as well as HIV-positive women’s fertility desires and demand for contraceptives, from the baseline cross-sectional survey and qualitative interviews with postpartum women.

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Riederer, Bernhard, Nina-Sophie Fritsch, and Lena Seewann. Singles in the city: happily ever after? Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.res3.2.

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More people than ever are living in cities, and in these cities, more and more people are living alone. Using the example of Vienna, this paper investigates the subjective well-being of single households in the city. Previous research has identified positive and negative aspects of living alone (e.g., increased freedom vs. missing social embeddedness). We compare single households with other household types using data from the Viennese Quality of Life Survey (1995–2018). In our analysis, we consider overall life satisfaction as well as selected dimensions of subjective wellbeing (i.e., housing, financial situation, main activity, family, social contacts, leisure time). Our findings show that the subjective well-being of single households in Vienna is high and quite stable over time. While single households are found to have lower life satisfaction than two-adult households, this result is mainly explained by singles reporting lower satisfaction with family life. Compared to households with children, singles are more satisfied with their financial situation, leisure time and housing, which helps to offset the negative consequences of missing family ties (in particular with regard to single parents).

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Sniedze-Gregory, Shani, Rachel Felgate, Elizabeth O'Grady, Sarah Buckley, and Petra Lietz. What Australian students say about transition to secondary school. Final report. Australian Council for Educational Research, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-644-4.

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Life Education Australia's Being Healthy Being Active project involved the collection of student voice related to the concept of school transition and the move from primary to secondary school. Students from around Australia participated in 82 focus groups, or student forums, to discuss their own positive experiences, as well as perceived needs and challenges related to their move to secondary school. Section One of this report is a literature review and environmental scan on student transition from primary to secondary school. Section Two describes the methods used to design and administer the Student Forums. This includes a description of the target population and sampling methods as well as the details of the achieved sample: 82 forums with 444 students across 15 schools. Section Three outlines the findings of the Student Forums. Section Four offers conclusions and recommendations to inform the next stage of the project, designing a suite of resources and training for teachers aimed at assisting students with the transition from primary to secondary school.

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Oh, Ju Sun, Yoo Jin Choo, and Min Cheol Chang. Effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on Motor Recovery After Stroke: A Systematic Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0084.

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Review question / Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of SSRIs in improving motor outcomes after stroke. Condition being studied: Stroke is a major cause of disability, and motor weakness is one of the most disabling and common complications of stroke. It impairs patients’ ability to perform daily activities independently and deteriorates their quality of life. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been reported to have a positive effect on motor recovery after stroke, as well as on the prevention or management of post-stroke depression. In contrast, some previous studies have revealed no positive therapeutic effects of SSRIs on motor recovery after stroke. In the current study, to accurately determine the effectiveness of SSRIs for improving motor outcomes after stroke, we only included studies in which SSRIs were administered to patients in the recovery phase after stroke (<6 months after stroke onset).

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Knapp, Carolyn. HIV and partner violence: What are the implications for voluntary counseling and testing? Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2001.1011.

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Millions of women around the world face two great threats to their health and well-being: HIV/AIDS and violence by an intimate partner. One of the strongest associations between the two is the role that violence and the threat of violence play in limiting a woman’s ability to negotiate safer sex with a partner. A similar fear of violence also discourages women who receive HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) from telling partners about test results. This study explored the links between HIV infection, serostatus disclosure, and partner violence among women attending a VCT clinic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Researchers began with a qualitative research phase with VCT clients at the Muhimbili Health Information Center. In the second phase, researchers interviewed women who had been tested and counseled three months earlier. The details in this brief show that while there is considerable fear of a partner’s reaction, there is little evidence from HIV-positive or HIV-negative women surveyed that serostatus disclosure frequently leads to physical violence.

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