Academic literature on the topic 'Positivism – History'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Positivism – History.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Positivism – History"
1
Nottelmann, Nikolaj. "Om positivisme og objektivisme i samfundsvidenskaberne." Dansk Sociologi 28, no. 3 (2017): 9–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v28i3.5640.
Full textAbstract:
”Positivisme” hører til de mest kontroversielle og mangetydige termer i moderne debatter om samfundsvidenskabelig metode. Bredt anvendte lærebøger er på én gang ofte uklare og voldsomt indbyrdes uenige angående positivismens metafysiske, erkendelsmæssige og ideologiske forpligtelser. Denne artikel leverer en receptionshistorisk behandling af positivismen fra dens dobbelte udspring i det 19. århundredes franske og tyske filosofi frem til i dag. Hermed kortlægges en række væsentlige historiske omforståelser og misforståelser som baggrund for nutidens begrebsforvirring. Det påvises efterfølgende, at forskellige positivistiske retningers forhold til videnskabelig objektivisme er en temmelig kompleks og varieret affære. Det er således ufrugtbart at behandle samfundsvidenskabelig positivisme og objektivisme under ét, sådan som det ofte gøres.
 
 
 ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
 
 Nikolaj Nottelmann: On positivism and objectivism in thesocial sciences
 
 “Positivism” ranks among the most controversial and polysemous terms in
 modern social scientific methodological discourses. Widely used textbooks in
 the social sciences are often unclear and mutually inconsistent in their mapping
 of positivism’s metaphysical, epistemological, and ideological commitments.
 This article offers a reception history, tracing positivism from its dual
 roots in 19th century French and German philosophy of science to the present
 day. The article points out several eventful historical reinterpretations and
 misinterpretations responsible for the current conceptual confusion. Then
 the article explains how various positivistic currents have very different and
 complex relations to scientific objectivism. Thus, despite common practice,
 it is unfruitful to treat social scientific positivism and objectivism under one
 heading.
 
 Keywords: Positivism; Objectivism; Phenomenalism; Logical Empiricism;
 Critical Theory
2
Artyukh, Vyacheslav. "Elements of positivism in the Ukrainian philosophy and culture of the second half of the 19th century." Studia Historiae Scientiarum 16 (December 18, 2017): 269–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543702xshs.17.011.7712.
Full textAbstract:
This article addresses the appropriation of positivist thought by Ukrainian intellectuals in the second half of the nineteenth century, in particular in the field of philosophy of history. By discussing elements of positivist thought in the works of Mykhailo Drahomanov, Ivan Franko and Pantaleimon Kulish, the author argues that all three were under direct influence of positivist thought, but none of them was a blind adherent of positivism. Positivism particularly influenced their thinking about history and the issue of determinism. Importantly, it was not the French positivism of Auguste Comte whose ideas were adopted, but rather the English positivism of Henry Thomas Buckle and John Stuart Mill.
3
Soares, Mozart Pereira. "A Influência de Augusto Comte no Pensamento Brasileiro." Episteme – Filosofia e História das Ciências em Revista 3, no. 6 (1998): 144–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6528636.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>RESUMO: </strong>Este trabalho apresenta uma visão condensada dos três temas que seguem: 1. Positivismo: uma revolução filosófica, científica e religiosa; 2. A Filosofia da História segundo Comte; 3. Um breve exame da vida, época e obra de Augusto Comte. Serão enfatizados os seguintes aspectos da história do Positivismo no Brasil: 4. A influência das idéias de Comte no pensamento brasileiro através do pensamento e ensino de alguns de seus discípulos diretos, como Nísia Floresta e Justiniano Gomes; 5. O Positivismo Religioso no Brasil: o trabalho de Miguel Lemos e de Teixeira Mendes, e o Templo da Humanidade no Rio de Janeiro. 6. Luiz Pereira Barreto e o Positivismo Científico em São Paulo. 7. Positivismo no Rio Grande do Sul: suas características, o pensamento político de Júlio de Castilho e de seus sucessores, a Capela Positivista e a “Escola de Engenharia”. <strong><em>Palavras-chave</em></strong>: Augusto Comte; Positivismo no Brasil; Positivistas Brasileiros; Positivismo e Positivistas no Rio Grande do Sul. <strong>THE INFLUENCE OF AUGUSTE COMTE ON THE BRAZILIAN WAY OF THINKING </strong> <strong>Abstract: </strong>This paper presents a short view of the following three themes: 1. Positivism: a philosophical, scientific, and religious revolution; 2. The Philosophy of History according to Comte; 3. A brief examination of life and works of Auguste Comte, and his historical context. There will be an emphasis on the history of Positivism in Brazil focusing on: 4. The influence of Comte’s ideas on the Brazilian way of thinking, through the work of some of Comte’s direct disciples, like Nísia Floresta and Justiniano Gomes; 5. The Religious Positivism in Brazil: the work of Miguel Lemos and Teixeira Mendes, and the <em>Temple of Mankind </em>in Rio de Janeiro; 6. Luiz Pereira Barreto and the Scientific Positivism in São Paulo; 7. Positivism in Rio Grande do Sul: its characteristics, the political thought of Julio de Castilhos and his followers, the <em>Positivistic Chapel</em>, and the “School of Engineering”. <strong><em>Keywords</em></strong>: Auguste Comte; Positivism; Positivism in Brazil; Brazilian Positivists; Positivism and Positivists in Rio Grande do Sul
4
Hogan, Robert. "Positivism Is History." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 33, no. 1 (1988): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/025267.
Full text
5
Barolsky, Paul. "ART HISTORY AND POSITIVISM." Source: Notes in the History of Art 18, no. 1 (1998): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/sou.18.1.23205032.
Full text
6
Choi, Naomi. "Interpretivism in Jurisprudence: What Difference Does the Philosophy of History Make to the Philosophy of Law?" Journal of the Philosophy of History 1, no. 3 (2007): 365–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187226307x229399.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTo answer the question of what difference the philosophy of history makes to the philosophy of law this paper begins by calling attention to the way that Ronald Dworkin's interpretive theory of law is supposed to upend legal positivism. My analysis shows how divergent theories about what law and the basis of legal authority is are supported by divergent points of view about what concepts are, how they operate within social practices, and how we might best give account of such meanings. Such issues are widely debated in the philosophy of history but are often overlooked in jurisprudential circles. When the legal positivist approach to meanings is contrasted with Dworkin's interpretivism it is clear that what is needed is an alternative to both, in the form of what we might call "historical meanings" and "historical interpretation". While Dworkin's interpretivism gets it right that legal positivism is an inadequate philosophy of law to the extent that it is committed to a "criterial semantics" view of concepts, this paper argues that post-positivism in the philosophy of law need not entail a normative jurisprudence, as Dworkin would have it.
7
Zammito, John H. "The “Last Dogma” of Positivism: Historicist Naturalism and the Fact/Value Dichotomy." Journal of the Philosophy of History 6, no. 3 (2012): 305–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18722636-12341235.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Has the emergence of post-positivism in philosophy of science changed the terms of the “is/ought” dichotomy? If it has demonstrated convincingly that there are no “facts” apart from the theoretical frames and evaluative standards constructing them, can such a cordon sanitaire really be upheld between “facts” and values? The point I wish to stress is that philosophy of science has had a central role in constituting and imposing the fact/value dichotomy and a revolution in the philosophy of science should not leave the dichotomy unaffected. The connection between post-positivism and naturalism will be my guiding thread in considering this “last dogma of positivism.” First this essay will specify the sense of naturalism that it will take to be essential to the post-positivist philosophy of science: the deflation of the notion of the “purity” of scientific knowledge. Then it will turn to the question of the implications that follow for the “autonomy” of ethics, including the danger posed by a new form of scientistic reductionism.
8
Koval, Sofya V. "The History and Foundations of Criticism of H.L.A. Hart’s Legal Positivism in R. Dworkin’s Philosophy of Law." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 62, no. 7 (2019): 124–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2019-62-7-124-142.
Full textAbstract:
The paper discusses the Anglo-American philosophy of law of the 20th century, more specifically the philosophy of law of Ronald Myles Dworkin and his criticism of the legal positivism of Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart. The author presents the history of the criticism of legal positivism in Ronald Dworkin’s philosophy of law and distinguishes historical stages. The subject of the study is the critique of legal positivism but not the Hart-Dworkin debate itself, well known in Western philosophy of law. The reason is that the discussion was conducted between Dworkin and Hart’s supporters but not between Dworkin and Hart by himself. The latter responded to the criticism only after twenty seven years. The article explains why Dworkin chose for his criticism Herbert Hart’s version of legal positivism. This is due to the fact that Dworkin highly appreciated Hart’s positivist theory of law and characterized it as the “most clear.” The article presents the methodological foundations of criticism of Hart’s legal positivism in Dworkin’s philosophy of law. It reveals a methodological divergence between the two legal theories, which directly affects the understanding of the concept of law and its content. Therefore, we can assume that the legal theories of Hart and Dworkin are two competing models of law: Dworkin’s model considers law as a set of rules and principles and Hart’s model acknowledges only rules and court decisions as a source of law. The article also presents the key principles of positivism criticized by Dworkin. These principles, firstly, interpret law as a set of legal rules determined through a special legal criterion, secondly, provide the judge with an opportunity to make a decision “at his own discretion” in a situation not regulated by law, and, thirdly, recognize only legal rights and obligations enshrined in legal regulations. It is important to note that in this article the author describes criticism as an independent phenomenon of legal philosophy with a particular focus on the history and foundations of this phenomenon.
9
Fouraux, Carolina, Márcio Santos, Elisabete Freire, Sandra Ortiz, and Graciele Rodrigues. "Physical education and positivism: some considerations in this scenario." Concilium 24, no. 8 (2024): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-3293-24h15.
Full textAbstract:
In the historic process of breaking with the aristocracy and the clergy, giving way to the republic, industrialization and the bourgeoisie, Comtean positivism arose with the intention of legitimizing this new social structure, subordinating imagination to observation. In different movements in Physical Education, the presence of positivism is legitimized. The aim of this theoretical essay is to bring up some considerations about the marks of positivist thinking in Physical Education. Physical Education has undergone several transformations, but the biologicist, technicist and experimental character remains part of its essence, whether in professional practice or in research. Through the courses of this social practice, we see the "tool-body" inside and outside the school, the result of restricted perceptions of its possibilities, being the object of political manipulation equated in history. From its inception to its scientific flights, Physical Education emanates the consecrated vestiges of positivism, neglecting its reactive possibilities for understanding the humanized body.
10
Pérez, Marcelo. "Una aproximación a Jorge Lagarrigue y Miguel Lemos: El apostolado sociológico de la Religión de la Humanidad en Sudamérica." Revista Grafía- Cuaderno de trabajo de los profesores de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Universidad Autónoma de Colombia 10, no. 2 (2013): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.26564/16926250.501.
Full textAbstract:
ResumenLa siguiente propuesta trata de una aproximación al aporte de Jorge Lagarrigue y Miguel Lemos de Chile y Brasil. Sus carreras representan la forma apostólica de la “Religión de la Humanidad”, un particular positivismo que incluye el ejercicio de un sacerdocio sociológico. Durante la década de 1880, Lagarrigue y Lemos fundarán iglesias y apostolados positivistas, mantendrán una intensa actividad editorial y de relaciones internacionales que se suma a sus producciones personales. Mi propósito es alentar la exploración de estas relaciones y poner en marcha el estudio de la sociología de estos autores.Palabras clave: Positivismo religioso, comtismo, historia de la sociología, redes intelectuales***********************************************An approach to Jorge Lagarrigue and Miguel Lenos: the sociologic ministery of the Humanity religion in South America.AbstractThis proposal deals about an approach to the Jorge Lagarrigue and Miguel Lemos contributions of Chile and Brazil. Their careers represent an apostolate way of the Humaniy Religion, a particular positivism that includes the exercise of a sociologic ministry. During the 1880 decade, Lagarrigue and Lemos would found churches and positivist ministries, they would maintain an intensive publishing activity and international relationships added to the personal productions. My goal is to encourage the exploration of these relationships and to implement the study of their sociology.Keywords: Religious positivism, comteism, sociology history, intellectual network*************************************************Uma aproximação a Jorge Lagarrigue e Miguel Lemos: O apostolado sociológico da Religião da Humanidade em Sul-AméricaResumoA seguinte proposta trata de uma aproximação ao aporte de Jorge Lagarrigue e Miguel Lemos de Chile e Brasil. Seus percursos representam a forma apostólica da “Religião da Humanidade”, um particular positivismo que inclui o exercício de um sacerdócio sociológico. Durante a década de 1880, Lagarrigue e Lemos fundaram igrejas e apostolados positivistas, mantiveram uma intensa atividade editorial e de relações internacionais que se soma às suas produções pessoais. Meu propósito é alentar a exploração destas relações e colocar em marcha o estudo da sociologia desses autores.Palavras-chave: Positivismo religioso, comtismo, história da sociologia, redes intelectuais
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Positivism – History"
1
Barbosa, Mohana Ribeiro. "Revolução científica e nascimento da ciência experimental em Alexandre Koyré." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/3031.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2014-09-08T13:42:22Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertacao Mohana R Barbosa.pdf: 539532 bytes, checksum: 57beaeb1d45ba9a4985699e40a245922 (MD5)
license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-08T13:42:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertacao Mohana R Barbosa.pdf: 539532 bytes, checksum: 57beaeb1d45ba9a4985699e40a245922 (MD5)
license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013-08-30<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>This work aims to understand the definition given by Alexandre Koyré for the
experimental science of the seventeenth century, exploring the importance of this
concept within the historiography of science. Assuming that the opposition made by
Koyré of Auguste Comte’s positivism, theoretical conception dominant in the history
and philosophy of sciences in the first half of the twentieth century, engenders a new
meaning for science and its course. In his work as a historian of science, developed
primarily between 1930 and 1961, Koyré formulates precise concepts for various
elements considered essential to the history and philosophy of sciences, such as:
scientific revolution, experimentation, tools and instruments. I intend to demonstrate the
intellectual trajectory and epistemological debates present in the formation of these
concepts.<br>Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender a definição atribuída por Alexandre
Koyré à ciência experimental do século XVII, explorando a importância deste conceito
no interior da historiografia das ciências. Entende-se que a oposição feita por Koyré ao
positivismo de Auguste Comte, concepção teórica dominante na história e filosofia das
ciências na primeira metade do século XX, engendra um novo significado para a ciência
e seu curso. Em seus trabalhos como historiador das ciências, desenvolvido
fundamentalmente entre 1930 e 1961, Koyré formula conceitos precisos para vários
elementos considerados essenciais para a história e filosofia das ciências, tais como:
revolução científica, experimentação, instrumentos e ferramentas. Procuro demonstrar a
trajetória intelectual e os debates epistemológicos presentes na formação desses
conceitos.
2
Tavares, Eva Volite Coelho. "Ciência e literatura em Lima Barreto." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13304.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Eva Volite Coelho Tavares.pdf: 558797 bytes, checksum: 19b140ee1e1d01c26180a6c6becf23bd (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2015-03-11<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This work analyses Brazilian writer Lima Barreto with focus on his scientific view, as shown in his work, and investigates the relationship between Literature and History of Science. It took Triste fim de Policarpo Quaresma (Sad end of Policarpo Quaresma) as a reference, as well as chronicles and other author's productions, regarding the recognition of a dialogue between reality and fiction. It also investigated the writer s passage through the Polytechnic School of Rio de Janeiro and his readings and reflections on certain aspects of the scientific knowledge in vogue, motivated by intellectual sharing with literate men of his time. The analyzed period, between the end of the XIXth and the early XXth century, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, shows a context marked by a belief in progress and appreciation of science that had a profound influence on the creation of the author s characters. However, being a dissonant voice of his time, Lima Barreto reveled a distrust on the modernization discourse at the time and positioned himself critically towards the Republican regime based on positivist ideas<br>Este trabalho aborda a visão científica do escritor brasileiro Lima Barreto presente em sua obra e procura, com base nela, investigar a relação entre Literatura e História da Ciência. Para essa abordagem, tomou-se como referência Triste Fim de Policarpo Quaresma, bem como crônicas e outras produções do autor, com vistas ao reconhecimento de um diálogo entre realidade e ficção. Investigou-se também a passagem do escritor pela Escola Politécnica do Rio de Janeiro e suas leituras e reflexões sobre determinados aspectos do conhecimento científico em voga, motivadas pelo compartilhamento intelectual com homens letrados de seu tempo. O período abordado, situado entre o final do século XIX e o início do século XX, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, mostra um contexto que foi marcado pela crença no progresso e valorização da ciência e exerceu profunda influência na caracterização dos personagens do autor. Porém, sendo uma voz dissonante de seu tempo, Lima Barreto evidenciou em sua obra uma desconfiança acerca do discurso de modernização vigente na época e posicionou-se de forma crítica diante do regime republicano apoiado em ideias positivistas
3
Tonobohn, Elisabete. "O ensino de ciências e a Escola Nova: análise de interfaces entre história da ciência e ensino." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13229.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Elisabete Tonobohn.pdf: 625167 bytes, checksum: a8c9dfb8832dd2ce84d63eb9ecc29275 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2010-10-15<br>The aim of this paper is to analyze the Pioneers Manifesto from the New School, some
of its assumptions and consequences in science teaching from 1930 until 1950. During
this period Brazil represented a new political, economical and social model where
Brazilian education would start to have a fundamental role in this new reorganization.
The model proposed by the pioneers from the new school featuring: Anísio Teixeira,
Lourenço Filho and Fernando de Azevedo, through the Pioneers Manifesto, showing
the democratic principles of education for the entire nation. The performance of these
three icons from the pioneers movement was based in the pragmatism philosophy of
John Dewey about experimental education. Although pragmatism was expressed in
the manifesto, we could identify in this model similar traces to the positivist ideas.
Another important aspect from this paper was to try to relate the two currents: the
positivism and the pragmatism in part of its conceptions. The approach possible to be
verified was the sense of progress which both of them brought in each proposal. Not
only the pragmatism but also the positivism had an idea of development, different
perspectives, but the approach was made in valuing the science as an object of
progress. These two currents presented importance when they dealt with education and
science as fundamental elements for a nation progress. Campos reform in the
beginning of the 30 s covered an ample part of the proposals presented by the
pioneers, from public education from the kindergarten to the university, secular and
democratic school. Science valorization or scientific knowledge as the beginning for
the development, and the model present in this proposal was the one from John
Dewey. Capanema reform changed secondary education in the country, but the
historical background was also changed to a totalitarian regime and therefore it would
not fit the defense of the movement principles, once the root of this movement was
based in a democratic education as the way to learning. Although positivism had been
the greatest influence in the end of XIX century and the beginning of the XX century,
it was also present in this context. This statement is made because it would not be
possible to have a sudden assimilation of another philosophy that influenced the
historical, social and mainly the educational characteristics from the country.
Having in mind the History of science we can consider an interface with teaching. It is
a possibility to analyze how the scientific knowledge was being assimilated and spread
through this process<br>O objetivo desta dissertação consiste em analisar o Manifesto dos Pioneiros da
Escola Nova alguns de seus pressupostos e decorrências no ensino de ciências entre
1930 a 1950. Situação no qual o Brasil apresentava um novo modelo político,
econômico e social em que a educação brasileira passaria a exerce papel fundamental
nesta nova reorganização.
O modelo proposto pelos pioneiros da escola nova em destaque: Anísio
Teixeira, Lourenço Filho e Fernando de Azevedo, por meio do Manifesto dos
Pioneiros, traduziram-se em ressaltar princípios democráticos de educação para toda a
nação. A atuação destes três ícones do movimento dos pioneiros pautava-se na
filosofia do pragmatismo de John Dewey sobre a educação experimental.
Embora o pragmatismo estivesse expresso no manifesto, pudemos identificar
neste modelo traços de semelhança com as idéias positivistas.
Outro aspecto relevante desse trabalho foi o de tentar relacionar as duas
correntes: do positivismo e do pragmatismo em parte de suas concepções. A
aproximação que se pode verificar foi sobre o sentido de progresso que ambas as
correntes traziam no bojo de suas propostas. Tanto o pragmatismo tinha uma idéia de
desenvolvimento como o positivismo também, perspectivas diferenciadas, mas a
aproximação se deu na valorização da ciência como objeto de progresso.
Estas duas correntes apresentavam relevância ao tratarem da educação e da
ciência como elementos fundamentais para o progresso de uma nação.
A reforma de Campos no começo de 30 abrangeu grande parte das propostas
apresentadas pelos pioneiros. Dos quais, educação pública do jardim de infância até a
universidade, escola laica e democrática. Valorização da ciência ou do conhecimento
científico como ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento e, o modelo incutido nesta
proposta era de John Dewey.
A reforma Capanema modificou o ensino secundário no país, porém o contexto
histórico também havia mudado para um regime totalitário e que por tanto não caberia
mais a defesa dos princípios do movimento nesta conjuntura, uma vez que, a raiz deste
movimento pautou-se numa educação democrática como caminho para a
aprendizagem.
Apesar de o positivismo ter tido sua maior influência no final do século XIX e
início do século XX, estava presente neste contexto.
Esta afirmação se dá em acreditar que não havia sido possível uma mudança tão
rápida na assimilação de outra filosofia que influenciasse as características históricas,
sociais e principalmente educacionais do país.
À luz da História da Ciência procuraremos considerar uma interface com o
ensino. Uma possibilidade de analisarmos como os conhecimentos científicos foram
sendo assimilados e difundidos ao longo desse processo
4
Machado, Claudia Urano de Carvalho. "A construção histórica do direito do trabalho como resistência à aplicação do pós-positivismo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-08042016-163831/.
Full textAbstract:
O advento da teoria pós-positivista de Robert Alexy teve seus efeitos sentidos no Direito do Trabalho, principalmente por passar a ser constantemente mencionada em decisões trabalhistas. O presente trabalho se propõe, então, a dois objetivos centrais: a partir da análise da principal obra de Robert Alexy, Teoria dos Direitos Fundamentais, em cotejo com a jurisprudência trabalhista, demonstrar que nessas decisões não há, de fato, a aplicação da teoria pós-positivista, tal qual construída pelo jurista alemão e, posteriormente, que, ainda que fosse aplicada corretamente, ela própria é de todo incompatível com o Direito do Trabalho, em virtude da construção histórica deste ramo.<br>The advent of the post-positivist theory of Robert Alexy had its consequences on Labor Law, especially for being often mentioned on Labor Court decisions. Thus, this dissertation focuses on two main objectives: to demonstrate, based on the analysis of the main work of Robert Alexy Theory of Fundamental Rights in confrontation with some Labour Court decisions, that such decisions do not, in fact, apply the post-positivist theory as it was formulated by the German jurist; and, moreover, even if it were to be applied accordingly, this theory would still be incompatible with Labor Law, due to the historical construction of this area.
5
Ängfors, Simon. "Rudolf Anderberg och den första professuren i Psykologi i Sverige! : En analys av Rudolf Anderbergs psykologiska skrifter som konkretion av den svenska psykologins inriktning från 1948." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för idé- och lärdomshistoria, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-420476.
Full textAbstract:
Uppsatsen analyserar Rudolf Anderbergs (1892-1955) skrifter med avseende på vetenskapsuppfattning, människosyn, syn på psykets natur samt vad gäller intellektuella och vetenskapliga traditioner han förhåller sig till. Anderbergs liv och verksamhet samt hans skrifter, förstås i relation till såväl ett vetenskapshistoriskt som ett vidare kulturellt sammanhang. Anderbergs vetenskapsuppfattning placeras i ett positivistiskt och naturvetenskapligt inriktat sammanhang och kopplas samman med positivismens betydande vetenskapliga och kulturella inflytande i hans samtid, liksom med moderniteten och den svenska välfärdsstatens utveckling. Hans skrifter ses som uttryck för i första hand psykofysik, differentiell psykologi, samt intelligensundersökningar. Hans människouppfattning uppfattas naturalistiskt. Tron på naturvetenskap och tekniks kulturella och vetenskapliga betydelse ses som karaktäristiskt för hans skrifter, liksom med betoningen på psykologins betydelse för att lösa konkreta problem i arbetslivet samt i samhället i stort. Anderbergs skrifter ses i ljuset av den sociala ingenjörskonsten, liksom dess mål, människouppfattning, vetenskapsuppfattning och metoder. Hans skrifter kopplas i någon mån ihop med Nikolas Rose och begrepp som ”biopolitik” och ”biomakt”. En diskussion förs slutligen där Anderbergs vetenskapsuppfattning och människosyn, liksom dess konkreta kulturella uttryck i hans samtid, kritiskt diskuteras. Slutligen betonas samspelet mellan vetenskap, politik, sociala frågor och ”biomakt” i Sverige under första hälften av 1900-talet, som möjlig utgångspunkt för vidare studier. Keywords: Rudolf Anderberg, Psykologi,
6
Atallah, Gianne Zanella. "Trajetórias musicais de alunas e professoras do Conservatório de Música de Rio Grande." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2824.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-04-20T21:37:50Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Trajetórias musicais de alunas e professoras do Conservatório de Música de Rio Grande.pdf: 3374201 bytes, checksum: 5bfbfb30275302479873b6eda271a01b (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-04-20T22:32:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Trajetórias musicais de alunas e professoras do Conservatório de Música de Rio Grande.pdf: 3374201 bytes, checksum: 5bfbfb30275302479873b6eda271a01b (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-20T22:32:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Trajetórias musicais de alunas e professoras do Conservatório de Música de Rio Grande.pdf: 3374201 bytes, checksum: 5bfbfb30275302479873b6eda271a01b (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011-03-30<br>Sem bolsa<br>O trabalho de pesquisa, intitulado Trajetórias Musicais de Alunas e Professoras do Conservatório de Música de Rio Grande que aqui será apresentado, buscou identificar as formas de representação das mulheres musicistas, a partir das memórias dos alunos e professoras do Conservatório de Música de Rio Grande. Tomou-se como recorte temporal do trabalho a década de 1940 até a primeira metade de 1950, tendo em vista o período de atuação das mulheres entrevistadas dentro do Conservatório de Música de Rio Grande. A partir das entrevistas orais, buscou-se identificar as influências familiares, a motivação para o estudo da música, a construção da carreira profissional e a dicotomia entre o ser concertista e o ser professora. Para melhor compreender o contexto social do período, abordaremos o contexto histórico e musical brasileiro entre os séculos XIX e XX, tendo como marco temporal a Proclamação da República até o final da primeira metade do século XX. Neste contexto, enfocaremos aspectos do pensamento positivista, que foram determinantes para o modelo de conduta estabelecido para a mulher no que tange especialmente ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem musical. A partir do contexto da cidade de Rio Grande, dirigimos nosso olhar para o Conservatório de Música de Rio Grande, enfocando sua trajetória e a presença feminina no acervo documental. Trabalharemos com os conceitos de gênero, representação e poder simbólico para compreendermos os diferentes papéis sociais femininos dentro da música, nos meios geradores aqui identificados como família, trabalho e carreira musical. A partir dos relatos orais, buscou-se compreender a vivência musical além do documento, trazendo memórias de sete mulheres que atuaram como professoras, diletantes e artistas. Além de perceber a representação direta que possuem cada um destes papéis, identificamos o processo de conquista do espaço musical pelas mulheres, configurando o Conservatório de Música como importante espaço de atuação feminina na esfera pública.<br>The research work, titled musical Trajectories Schoolgirls and Women of the Music Conservatory of Rio Grande that here will be presented, sought to identify the forms of representation of women musicians, from the memories of the students and teachers of the Music Conservatory of Rio Grande. He took up work as temporal clipping the 1940s until the first half of 1950, for the period of operation of the women interviewed inside the Music Conservatory of Rio Grande. From oral interviews, sought to identify the family influences, the motivation for the study of music, the construction of the professional career and the dichotomy between concert and be a teacher. To better understand the social context of the period, we will cover the Brazilian musical and historical context between the 19th and 20th centuries, with the timeframe the proclamation of the Republic until the end of the first half of the 20th century. In this context, shadow aspects of positivist thought, which were instrumental to the model of conduct established for women in especially the teaching-learning process. From the context of the Rio Grande, drove our look at the Music Conservatory
of Rio Grande, focusing on its trajectory and the female presence in documentary collection. We will work with the concepts of gender, representation and symbolic power to understand the different female social roles within the music, media generators here identified as family, work and career. From oral reports, sought to understand the musical experience in addition to the document, bringing memories of seven women who acted as teachers, amateurish and artists. In addition to realize direct representation with each of these roles, we identified the process of conquest of space music by women, setting up Conservatory of music as an important area of activity of women in the public sphere.
7
Filho, Omair Guilherme Tizzot. "Positivismo e educação na obra de José Feliciano de Oliveira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-26072018-112605/.
Full textAbstract:
O objeto da pesquisa é a vasta produção textual de José Feliciano de Oliveira, abolicionista, positivista e professor da Escola Normal de São Paulo no final do século XIX e início do XX. Os objetivos gerais do trabalho consistem na análise da vida e obra do autor de forma a situá-lo nos campos da instrução pública brasileira e do positivismo brasileiro e francês, além de esclarecer aspectos de sua atuação de forma a compreender seu pensamento educacional como um mestre de vocação positivista em ação na história republicana brasileira. Para a análise, o conjunto da obra foi categorizado conforme a classificação de gêneros textuais de Dolz e Schneuwly e dividido em três agrupamentos principais: construção da nacionalidade brasileira, doutrina positivista e educação. As fontes consultadas foram as obras bibliográficas, artigos para a imprensa, notadamente em O Estado de S. Paulo, e correspondência, tendo o autor se dedicado a escrever obras sobre personagens exemplares para a sociedade brasileira, como Tiradentes, Santos Dumont e José Bonifácio. Voltado à escrita de uma história de integração luso-brasileira, filiado a instituições como o IHGB, tratou de temas clássicos como o descobrimento do Brasil e a bandeira nacional. Nos escritos sobre o positivismo, abordou tanto os princípios da doutrina quanto as disputas que ele protagonizou no campo, notadamente com a liderança carioca da Igreja Positivista do Brasil e com a direção da Maison dAuguste Comte de Paulo Carneiro. Como educador, defendeu a regeneração social através do ensino, com a incorporação do negro, do índio e do proletariado, e a preparação adequada para a vida moral em sociedade, possibilitada pelo ensino integral. O professor deveria ser para ele um exemplo de comportamento voltado à pátria, que incentivasse os alunos a se comportarem com urbanidade a fim de que pudesse haver progresso. Como testemunha entusiasmada e protagonista na Escola Normal do início da República, preocupou-se também com a elaboração memorialística do que havia vivenciado na instituição. A inserção institucional de Feliciano, anterior à organização universitária brasileira, não foi suficiente para que sua obra fosse devidamente lembrada pelas gerações seguintes. O mestre paulista procurou o reconhecimento social de sua obra ao mesmo tempo em que precisava lidar com os limites impostos pela doutrina positivista que condenava a ênfase no individualismo.<br>The object of the research is the vast textual production of the abolitionist, positivist and teacher of the Normal School of São Paulo José Feliciano de Oliveira in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The general objectives of the work are to analyze the author\'s life and work in order to situate him in the fields of Brazilian public education and Brazilian and French positivism, as well as clarifying aspects of his work understanding his educational thinking as a master of positivist vocation during Brazilian republican history. For the analysis, the whole of the work was categorized according to the classification of textual genres of Dolz and Schneuwly being divided into three main groups: construction of Brazilian nationality, positivist doctrine and education. The sources consulted were bibliographical works, press articles notably in O Estado de S. Paulo and correspondence. Aimed at writing a history of Portuguese-Brazilian integration, affiliated with institutions such as the IHGB, he dealt with classical themes such as the discovery of Brazil and the national flag, devoting himself to writing works on exemplary characters for Brazilian society, such as Tiradentes, Santos Dumont and José Bonifácio. Considering his writings on positivism, he dealt with both the principles of doctrine and the disputes he played in the field, notably with the leadership of the Positivist Church in Brazil and with the direction of Maison d\'Auguste Comte by Paulo Carneiro. As an educator, he defended social regeneration through education, with the incorporation of the black, indigenous people and the proletariat, adequately preparing for moral life in society made possible by integral education. Furthermore, in his view, the teacher should be an example of behavior toward the homeland, which would encourage students to behave with civility so that progress could be made. During the Republics first years, he was witness and protagonist in the Normal School, posteriorly worring about the memorialistic elaboration of what he had experienced in the institution. The institutional insertion of Feliciano, prior to the Brazilian university organization, was not enough so that his work was properly remembered by the following generations. The São Paulo master sought the social recognition of his work while dealing with the limits imposed by the positivist doctrine that condemned the emphasis on individualism.
8
Jonsson, Kjell. "Vid vetandets gräns : om skiljelinjen mellan naturvetenskap och metafysik i svensk kulturdebatt 1870-1920." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Humanistiska fakulteten, 1987. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61928.
Full textAbstract:
The object of this dissertation is to describe the opinions about the limits of natural science in their social and cultural context There exist two antagonistic positions to this matter restrictionism and expansionism. Restrictionism assumes that the natural sciences have no influence on metaphysics. Expansionism, on die other hand, argues that the natural sciences can legitimise the positions of beliefs and values. During the 1870b a restrictionist attitude on scientific knowledge established itself among influential German and British scientists. Emil Du Bois-Reymond, Rudolf Virchow, Hermann von Helmholtz and Thomas Henry Huxley were some of the famous scientists who rejected attempts to adduce science in religious and metaphysical matter. This restrictionism was rejected by other scientists and philosophers who believed that the modern natural sciences constituted a complete Weltanschauung, hostile to obsolete Christianity and philosophy. The thesis primarily deals with the debate on the limits of scientific knowledge in Sweden. We follow the development of the discussion from the 1870's to the years after the First World War. At the end of the 19th century Swedish scientists freed themselves from dominant natural philosophy and natural theology. Restrictionism was later on supported, in different ways, by recognized scientists, theologians, conservative critics, and philosophers. At the turn of the centuiy the restrictionist view of science was turned against metaphysical materialism, monism, naturalism, and an emergent, radical counter-culture. The controversies continued as long as the mechanical world picture dominated the natural sciences. With social and cultural changes, and the new physics of Rutherford, Einstein, Bohr, and Heisenberg, the debate slowly faded.<br>digitalisering@umu
9
Schuman, Samuel A. "Representation, Narrative, and “Truth”: Literary and Historical Epistemology in 19th-Century France." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1621948796558803.
Full text
10
Avila, Róber Iturriet. "Do homem smithiano ao homo economicus : egoísmo e dissolução da moral." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/22665.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho se propõe a remontar a dissolução ocorrida no tempo em que a Economia Política buscava limitar seu campo de estudo, particularmente no que se refere a percepção sobre a conduta humana e a assunção de que os homens são intrinsecamente egoístas. Para tanto, é desenvolvida a visão do homem moralmente condicionado em Adam Smith e também as modificações subsequentes originadas nas diferentes concepções dos autores da escola clássica e da neoclássica. Sendo que estas mudanças enfatizam o egoísmo do agente econômico. Neste intento, é retraçado o caminho da consolidação do postulado do egoísmo, assim como os percalços, controvérsias e conflitos desta caracterização. São explorados os elementos que auxiliaram na transformação do homem smithiano em homo economicus, tais como a leitura descontextualizada de Smith, o individualismo, o utilitarismo, o individualismo metodológico, o positivismo e a própria necessidade de abstração teórica. Adicionalmente, é verificado que a confusão de conceitos presente nesta construção metodológica traz a referência de que a ciência econômica faz apologia ao egoísmo. Esta percepção é um subproduto do desenlace da economia com as questões morais.<br>This research is proposed to reassemble the dissolution occurred when the Political Economy sought to limit their field of study, particularly in the perception of humann behavior and the assumption that men are inherently selfish. To do that, it is developed the perception of Adam Smith about human behavior, and the subsequent changes resulting from different conceptions of classical and the neoclassical authors. These changes emphasize the selfishness of the economic agent. In this attempt, is showed the way of the consolidating of self-interest premise, the mishaps and controversies of this path. It explores the the elements that collaborated in the transformation of Smithian man in homo economicus, such as decontextualized reading of Smith, individualism, utilitarianism, methodological individualism, positivism and the very necessity of theoretical abstraction. Additionally, it is observed that the confusion of concepts present in this methodological construction suggests that economics salutes the egoism. This is a result of the distinction between moral and economic aspects.
Books on the topic "Positivism – History"
2
Barbara, Olaszek, Avtukhovich T. E, Vershinina N. L, and Uniwersytet Łódzki. Katedra Literatury i Kultury Rosyjskiej., eds. Idee pozytywizmu w piśmiennictwie rosyjskim =: Idei pozitivizma v russkoĭ slovesnosti : materiały międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej (Łódź, 18-19 września 2000 r.). Katedra Literatury i Kultury Rosyjskiej UŁ, 2000.
Find full text
4
Neyhouse, Teresa J. Positivism in criminological thought: A study in the history and use of ideas. LFB Scholarly Pub., 2002.
Find full text
5
Savorelli, Alessandro. Positivismo a Napoli: La metafisica critica di Andrea Angiulli. Morano, 1990.
Find full text
6
M, Ana Yasmín Pérez. Los conceptos de raza y herencia en la sociedad venezolana durante el período gomecista. Editorial AbreBrecha, 1991.
Find full text
7
Nekrašas, Evaldas. The positive mind: Its development and impact on modernity and postmodernity. Central European University Press, 2015.
Find full text
8
Heres, Rafael Fernández. Rafael Villavicencio mas alla del positivismo. Academia Nacional de la Historia, 1989.
Find full text
9
Rovira, Mónica García-Salmones. The project of positivism in international law. Oxford University Press, 2013.
Find full text
10
Bruce, Caldwell. Beyond positivism: Economic methodology in the twentieth century. Routledge, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Positivism – History"
1
Gane, Mike. "Positivism." In The History of Evil in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351138406-20.
Full text
2
Laurendeau, Paul. "Positivism and neo-positivism in linguistics and language philosophy." In History of Linguistics 2002. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.110.12lau.
Full text
3
Palti, Elías José. "Positivism, Revolution, and History in Brazil." In The Worlds of Positivism. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65762-2_3.
Full text
4
Quin, Malcolm. "The Early History Of Positivism." In Memoirs of a Positivist. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003451792-5.
Full text
5
Pearce, Trevor. "Darwinism, Positivism, Materialism, Relativism." In The History and Philosophy of Materialism. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003118879-25.
Full text
6
Swingewood, Alan. "Critique of Positivism: I Durkheim." In A Short History of Sociological Thought. Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21642-0_4.
Full text
7
Fubini, Enrico. "Positivism and other Reactions to Romanticism." In The History of Music Aesthetics. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09689-3_13.
Full text
8
McCarthy, George E. "Rethinking Method: The Reflective Reconstruction of History." In Marx’ Critique of Science and Positivism. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2945-6_5.
Full text
9
Swingewood, Alan. "Critique of Positivism: II Social Action." In A Short History of Sociological Thought. Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21642-0_5.
Full text
10
Brzechczyn, Krzysztof. "Logical Empiricism and Logical Positivism." In A Companion to the Philosophy of History and Historiography. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444304916.ch37.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Positivism – History"
1
Soltanibahrehmand, Somayyeh. "Legal History and Theory of Law: Unraveling the Foundations of Jurisprudence." In Naděje právní vědy 2023. University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/zcu.nadeje.2023.632-638.
Full textAbstract:
This extensive academic paper takes a deep dive into the history and theory of law, unraveling the complex network of legal systems and intellectual frameworks that form the basis of our understanding of justice and governance. Starting from ancient legal systems and progressing through medieval and Renaissance legal thought to contemporary legal systems, the exploration traces the development of legal principles. The article then explores jurisprudential frameworks such as natural law, legal positivism, and critical legal studies, elucidating the theoretical foundations that shape modern legal thinking. It also discusses the challenges and future directions of law in the 21st century, considering factors like globalization, technological advancements, and evolving socio-political dynamics.
2
Gollob, Bernhard. "Austria and Artistic Freedom: A Troubled History?" In Mezinárodní konference doktorských studentů oboru právní historie a římského práva. Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0156-2022-9.
Full textAbstract:
Austria perceives itself as “cultural superpower”. Therefore, it seems fairly surprising that an own fundamental rights provision to protect the arts was positivised only in 1982. The socio-political situation in the perished Austrian Empire and the Weimar Constitution had a decisive impact on attempts to adopt a corresponding provision after World War One. Following the horrors of World War Two, the young Second Republic of Austria used arts and culture as tool to draw the picture of a peace-loving “Kulturnation” sui generis. In the following years a significant cleavage between the Austrian self-perception and the legal-political reality can be observed (also) in regard to Artistic Freedom. Neither Austria’s authoritarian past nor its Nazi past and related crimes had a significant impact on the legislative process.
3
Mutabdžija, Goran. "GEOPHILOSOPHY OF MODERN: PROLOGOMENA." In Book of Abstracts and Contributed Papers. Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijić" SASA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/csge5.291gm.
Full textAbstract:
This paper provides a methodological framework for the synthesis of geographical thinking during the century-long period of modern, which began with the introduction of regular university geography classes in the 1870s and ended with the announcement of the spatial turn in the social sciences in the 1970s. To offer an original solution in the field of research on contemporary geographical thinking, the author started from the analysis of reference works in this field. Based on the characteristics of the philosophy of basic geographical approaches (empiricist, positivist, humanist, and structuralist), the author singled out three dominant concepts: historical-geographical, philosophical-geographical, and political-geographical. Based on these examples and theoretically based on classification of scientific thinking, the author offered a post-structuralist account of the history of geographical thinking. It is based on two assumptions, that there was a strong reception of key ideas from other scientific disciplines (philosophy, social theory, and regional economy) and that geophilosophy can serve as a kind of amalgam that will offer a post-structuralist framework for presenting contemporary geographical thinking. Since a mere presentation of the historical development of modern geography would to a significant extent represent only a bibliographic-encyclopaedic presentation of the development of certain approaches (positivist, humanist, and structuralist), the author combined an evolutionary-historical presentation (analytical method) with an idiographic and nomothetic approach. Thus, a theoretical framework was created which will give this research a synthetic character and which will be applied to socio-geographical studies of the contemporary history of Sarajevo from the point of view of behavioural geography.
4
Neves, Júnia Franco de Oliveira, Ana Paula Brum Miranda Lopes, and Clécio Ênio Murta de Lucena. "Evaluation of the endometrium of women who used tamoxifen: correlation between ultrasonographic, hysteroscopic, and histological findings." In Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium 2024. Mastology, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942024v34s1037.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: Tamoxifen (TAM) has been increasingly used for an extended period, longer than 5 years. Secondary endometrial thickening is a common finding, unrelated to disease. The main objective was to evaluate the correlation between abnormal echographic and hysteroscopic findings of endometrial study with clinical manifestations and histological diagnosis in women with a history of breast cancer and the use of TAM. Methodology: This is a retrospective study in which medical records of women who underwent hysteroscopy due to endometrial alterations at ultrasonography (US) or abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), with a history of breast cancer and use of TAM, were reviewed. Patients on current or previous treatment for breast cancer and use of TAM, symptomatic or not, were also evaluated with US and referred to hysteroscopy if endometrial thickness ≥9 mm, intracavitary imaging, or AUB. For data analysis, only postmenopausal patients were included (n=50). A control group was formed by postmenopausal women without a history of breast cancer, with endometrial thickness ≥5 mm, intracavitary imaging, or AUB (n=47). It was approved by the ethics committee (CAAE=26397219.4.0000.5149). Results: US had good sensitivity in the case group (94.1%) and very unsatisfactory specificity (15.2%) in relation to the final histological result, with 63.6% of false-positives. Hysteroscopy had also high sensitivity (94.1%) and higher specificity than US (72.7%). The percentage of false-positives was 36.0%. Older age was related to altered anatomopathological findings (p=0.036). In the control group, US was also less effective compared with hysteroscopy, but with more cases with altered histopathology. Conclusion: The US correlation with the hysteroscopic image and histology in women using TAM is poor. Although hysteroscopy is more accurate, it should not be used as a screening method either. US and hysteroscopy showed similar results in the control group. Outpatient hysteroscopy was very tolerable, with or without biopsy.
5
Morais, Gabriela Lopes de, Manoella Guerra de Albuquerque Bueno, Guilherme Otero Brum, et al. "Anti-hu neuropathy as a paraneoplastic syndrome: the pursuit for the primary site." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.418.
Full textAbstract:
A 53-year-old man with a history of smoking and recent weight loss presented with progressive weakness and difficulty walking. Physical exam evidenced dysmetria on finger-to-nose test, worsened with eyes closed, pseudoathetosis, absent deep tendon reflexes and a neuropathic pattern of hypoesthesia and hypopalesthesia. He was unable to stand due to the severity of the ataxia. Initial investigation was positive for syphilis, with no history of treatment, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed hyperproteinrachia with normal cell count. Despite adequate treatment with penicillin, symptoms continued to progress. Electroneuromyography was remarkable for axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy with sensitive predominance. A paraneoplastic panel was ordered and evidenced positivity to anti-Hu. The patient was then treated with high doses of methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis, with no improvement. An extensive search for malignancies was performed, and enlarged hilar lymph nodes were found on computed tomography scan. Positron Emission Tomography-scan showed pulmonary and mediastinal hypermetabolism. Tissue samples were acquired with no significant findings and tuberculosis, fungal infections and inflammatory granulomatous diseases, among other conditions, were ruled out. Due to the high suspicion for malignancy, the biopsies were reviewed by a pulmonary pathology specialist, submitted to additional immunohistochemical staining and, at last, the diagnosis of small cell lung carcinoma was made. Chemotherapy was initiated shortly after.
6
Andrade, MS, LP Silva, ABA Dias, et al. "THREE YEARS OF SARS-COV-2 PANDEMIC: THE HISTORY TOLD BY A BRAZILIAN DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY." In Resumos do 55º Congresso Brasileiro de Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s2.9388.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: In 2023 we complete three years of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic(1). In this period, our lab performed more than 1.8 million assays from samples collected in the Federal District (mainly) and other 12 Brazilian states. Here, we present an epidemiological study based on diagnostic data for respiratory infections from our laboratory. Methods: We used an in house python script to analyze the data stored in our server between March 2020 and February 8, 2023. Results for SARS-CoV-2, Flu-A, Flu-B and RSV are analyzed. Personal data has been de-characterized. Graphs are generated using matplotlib library. The number of SARS-CoV-2 positive detections observed over the past three years was 493,053 (26.35%). 54% of patients who took the tests were women and 46% were men, with similar positive rates (25.95% and 26.82%, respectively). The positivity rate for the years of 2020, 2021 and 2022 were 24.78%, 18.19% and 40.08%, respectively. The distribution of exams and positive results for SARS-CoV-2, Flu-A, RSV and Flu-B during the analyzed period reveals the existence of sparse waves in the years 2020 and 2021 and well-defined waves in the year 2021. The first wave of 2022 was the largest observed and coincides with the entry of the omicron variant. During this period, we have a good sampling of the other respiratory pathogens investigated. Thus, it was possible to observe an increase of Flu-A detections at the beginning of the rise in SARS-CoV-2 cases as well as several cases of co-detections. Interestingly, 16 triple detections (SARS-CoV-2, Flu-A and RSV) events were observed in January 2022. Furthermore, analyzing repetitions of positive results for the same individual, we observed that the most common intervals between possible reinfection events are approximately 150, 316 and 532 days. Conclusion: Although the sampling may be biased considering the profile of the Laboratory’s patients, they are a good representation of what happened in the DF and in Brazil during the last three years of the pandemic.
7
Barbui, T., S. Cortelazzo, M. Galli, F. Parazzini, E. Radici, and E. Rossi. "LUPUS ANTICOAGULANT AND REPEATED ABORTIONS: A CASE- CONTROL STUDY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643655.
Full textAbstract:
In the last few years a role of Lupus Anticoagulant (LAC) in the aetiology of repeated spontaneous abortions and intrauterine deaths has been repeatedly suggested. To quantify this association few da ta are available, since the published reports are generally based on uncontrolled and small clinical series. We have analyzed data from a case-control study conducted in Bergamo and Milan, two contiguous provinces in Lombardia, Italy. Cases were 63 women, mean age 30 years, range 23-40, with 2 or more "sine causa" spontaneous abortions (repeated abortions) admitted between March 1985 and December 1986 to the Ospedali Riuniti of Bergamo and Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento of Milan. Controls were 63 women, mean age 32 years, range 20-49, with 1 or more live births and without spon taneous abortions, admitted to the same Institutions for neither gynaecological nor cardiovascular acute conditions. Informations were collected on sociodemographic factors, gynaecological and obstetrical data and related medical history. LAC was diagnosed according to the Working Party reccomandations (1983) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) according to the revised criteria of ihe American Rheumatism Association (1982). 11 out of 63 cases (17%) (95% confidence interval ranging from 9.5% to 34% based on the Poisson's approximation) were LAC positive, whereas in none of 63 controls this inhibitor was detected (X2 1adjusted for age = 10.1, p= 0.02). Similarly SLE was diagnosed in 4 cases (all having a Lupus Anticoagulant) and in none control (x2 1adjusted for age= 4.17, p=0.02). These findings confirm that LAC is associated with a positive history of repeated abortions, being present in about 10% of the cases. Conclusive estimate of relative risk is prevented by the small control gr'oup size (i.e. lack of positivity for LAC in controls), but very elevated risk (many tenfold increase) is sugge. sted.
8
Silva, Bruno Vinícius Diniz e., Larissa Silva Magalhães, Kamila Cardoso dos Santos, et al. "Serological Profile and Risk Factors Associated with HIV Infection among Transgender Women in a Region Distant from the Epicenter of the Epidemic in Brazil." In XIV Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - X Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - V Congresso Latino Americano IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202335s1096.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), resulting from infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is a global health problem. According to recent data from the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2022 only, about 1.3 million people were infected with HIV, men over 15 years old accounted for more than half of new cases, and approximately 39.0 million people were living with HIV worldwide. In Brazil, in 2021, the country registered 40,880 new cases of HIV and 35,246 new cases of AIDS. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of HIV and its risk factors in transgender women residing or in transit in the metropolitan region of Goiânia and two towns in the state. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. From June 2018 to August 2019, 440 trans women were recruited using the Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) technique. All participants were interviewed through a structured questionnaire with questions about sociodemographic characteristics and sexual risk behavioral factors. The samples were submitted to viral detection of HIV-1/2 or antibodies through three laboratory tests, a rapid test (Abon HIV Tri-Line), and two immunoenzymatic assays (BIOLISA HIV 1/2/O and Bio-Rad Geenius™ HIV 1/2 Confirmatory Assay). Samples that were positive in at least two tests were considered positive. Results: The serological analysis for HIV-1/2 was positive in 143 (30.0%) of the samples. According to the univariate analysis, being over 30 years old, having a previous history of STIs, and a previous history of incarceration were statistically associated with positivity for HIV. In the multivariate analysis these factors remained associated. Conclusion: The results show a high seroprevalence of HIV-1/2 among transgender women in the state of Goiás. This denotes the need to generate information to support the adoption of public policies for prevention, health promotion, and assistance aimed at the trans population.
9
Machause López, Sonia, Gianni Gallello, David Quixal Santos, Agustín Diez Castillo, Consuelo Mata Parreño, and Iván Fumadó Ortega. "El método del caso como herramienta de aprendizaje activo en arqueología." In IN-RED 2021: VII Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inred2021.2021.13759.
Full textAbstract:
El estudio de casos, como otras metodologías que potencian la participación activa del estudiantado, favorece en gran medida el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Presentamos aquí el diseño, la aplicación y los resultados de los casos aplicados en dos asignaturas de Arqueología en el Grado de Historia de la Universitat de València. En el marco del Proyecto de Innovación Docente METARQ, se han puesto en práctica en seis grupos distintos: Metodología Arqueológica (3er curso-2º cuatrimestre, tres grupos) y Arqueología del Mediterráneo (4º curso-1er cuatrimestre, tres grupos). Tanto los resultados de aprendizaje, como la opinión general del estudiantado fueron muy positivos. Además, la aplicación de esta potente herramienta docente en cuatrimestres distintos y modalidades diversas y cambiantes (presencial, online y semipresencial) nos permitió mejorar y adaptar la herramienta a las necesidades detectadas.
10
"PATOLOGÍA DUAL Y CALIDAD DE VIDA EN PACIENTES INGRESADOS EN UN HOSPITAL GENERAL Y ATENDIDOS POR UN SERVICIO DE INTERCONSULTA DE ADICCIONES." In 23° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2021. SEPD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2021p022s.
Full textAbstract:
Introducción: El modelo de psiquiatría de interconsulta específica en adicciones es poco habitual existiendo mayoritariamente experiencias en EE.UU. y en Francia. Existe escasa bibliografía de la presencia de patología dual (PD) y calidad de vida en pacientes adictos que han requerido ingreso en un hospital general. Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de PD en pacientes atendidos por un servicio de interconsulta de adicciones, describiendo características clínicas y sociodemográficas y la calidad de vida autopercibida. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal que incluye pacientes ingresados por cualquier causa médico-quirúrgica (excepto infección por COVID-19) en el Hospital del Mar de Barcelona, entre enero a septiembre del 2020, que requirieron valoración por el servicio de adicciones. Se aplicó la Entrevista de cribado de diagnóstico dual (ECDD). Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, incluyendo la historia del consumo y el índice de calidad de vida de la OMS, y se compararon entre paciente con y sin PD mediante pruebas de chi-cuadrado y t de student. Resultados Se entrevistó un total de 68 pacientes (mujeres=13, edad media=50,6 años), de los cuales un 36,8% presentó un cribado positivo para PD siendo los principales diagnósticos la depresión y el trastorno de pánico (33,8 y 19,1% respectivamente). Las principales sustancias fueron alcohol y opiáceos sin diferencias entre grupos. Los pacientes con PD presentaron mayor porcentaje de serologías positivas para VIH (36% vs 9%, p=0,007), sin diferencias significativas en el índice de calidad de vida, ni en el resto de variables. Conclusiones: Existió una proporción elevada de PD en nuestra muestra con asociación a mayor proporción de serologías positivas para VIH y una tendencia de peores índices de calidad de vida en los pacientes con PD. Es necesario investigar en muestras de mayor tamaño para determinar la real magnitud de estas diferencias y optimizar el diagnóstico y manejo de estos pacientes.
Reports on the topic "Positivism – History"
1
Brongers, Michiel, Michael Rosenfeld, Cara Macrory, and Gery Wilkowski. PR-276-214503-R01 Causes of Crack Failures in Pipelines and Research Gap Analysis. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012212.
Full textAbstract:
This project details the methodologies used to collect and review crack failures, near misses and false positives, and how the available technologies are used in consideration of the CM-SRP pillars of crack (1) susceptibility, (2) inspection, (3) assessment and remediation, and (4) management. This project outcome enhances crack management by providing an independent review and understanding of the research gaps as they relate to cracking in pipelines, based on historic incidents, operator interviews, and subject matter expert opinions. The scope of work consisted of developing future research guideline suggestions through the following tasks: * Task 1 - Collection and review of publicly available reports, * Task 2 - Collection and review of PRCI member incident reports and operator interviews, * Task 3 - Compilation of root causes for historic crack-related pipeline incidents, * Task 4 - Categorization of root causes within the CM-SRP, and * Task 5 - Identification of research gaps in the CM-SRP. This report provides more details about the research suggestions, and cross-references them with the core priorities as outlined in CM-SRP report "Pathway to Achieving Efficient and Effective Crack Management," as well as the future research project ideas that have been submitted to PRCI four CM-SRP pillars. This report has a related Webinar.
2
Campos, Nicolás, and Manuel Urquidi. Políticas activas de mercado laboral en Bolivia: impacto del Programa de Apoyo al Empleo II. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012861.
Full textAbstract:
Las Políticas Activas de Mercado laboral son un conjunto de instrumentos de política pública que buscan fomentar la integración laboral, especialmente la de grupos con bajos niveles de empleabilidad e ingresos. La evidencia señala que estas políticas han sido efectivas en fomentar el acceso a empleos de calidad en Latinoamérica y el Caribe (Urzúa & Puentes, 2010; Card et al., 2010, 2018; Escudero, 2018; Escudero et al., 2019; Carranza & Mckenzie, 2023). El Programa de Apoyo al Empleo (PAE II), implementado por el Servicio Plurinacional de Empleo (SPE) bajo el Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Previsión Social (MTEPS) y apoyado por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) desde 2010, forma parte de este tipo de políticas. Analizamos el impacto del PAE II sobre el empleo, empleo en unidades económicas formales e ingresos mensuales en Bolivia. Optamos por un enfoque cuasi-experimental debido a la naturaleza no aleatoria de la asignación de participantes al programa: el acceso al programa es universal y la selección de candidatos desde las listas elaboradas por el SPE es discrecional por parte de las empresas. Para identificar el impacto causal del programa, combinamos datos de encuestas a beneficiarios y no beneficiarios, con una estrategia empírica que recurre a extensiones de los modelos de diferencias en diferencias. El uso de esta estrategia de estimación radica en que para ver si el programa realmente tiene un impacto sobre ingresos y empleo, no podemos simplemente comparar los ingresos o el empleo de quienes participaron en el PAE II con los que no lo hicieron, ya que puede haber muchas otras diferencias entre estos dos grupos que afecten los resultados. Aquí es donde necesitamos un contrafactual: una estimación de la historia laboral que habrían seguido los participantes del PAE en caso de que no hubieran participado en el programa. El modelo de diferencias en diferencias, bajo ciertos supuestos, nos permite estimar el contrafactual, y así poder identificar el impacto causal que tuvo el programa sobre quienes participaron en él. Encontramos que la participación en el PAE II que ofrece intermediación laboral, subsidio directo y capacitación en planta durante tres meses aumenta la probabilidad de obtener un empleo en 14 pp. siendo este efecto más fuerte en mujeres (14,8 pp.) en comparación con los hombres (14 pp.). En términos de empleo en unidades económicas formales, la tasa de empleo aumenta 14,9 pp. siendo mayor en mujeres (14,9 pp) que en hombres (14,3 pp.). Los ingresos mensuales de los beneficiarios activos aumentarán entre un 9,5 %. Este efecto es mayor en mujeres, con un aumento en los ingresos de un 11,7 % en comparación con un 8,1 % en hombres. El impacto del PAE II es especialmente fuerte en el corto plazo y decreciente en el tiempo, no obstante, tiene un impacto positivo y significativo tanto para empleo como ingresos hasta 24 meses después de haber iniciado el programa. Los resultados indican que el PAE II ha logrado reducir efectivamente las barreras de acceso al mercado laboral formal en Bolivia y ha mejorado la trayectoria de ingresos de los beneficiarios. Esto se manifiesta en un aumento en la probabilidad de conseguir empleo en unidades económicas formales y una mejora en los ingresos mensuales, lo que refleja un incremento en la productividad de los beneficiarios activos. Dicho aumento en productividad se alinea con el componente de capacitación en planta del programa. Estos hallazgos son coherentes con evaluaciones anteriores del programa que también sugieren impactos positivos en los beneficiarios, especialmente en empleo (Novella & Valencia, 2022). Nuestros hallazgos están en línea con la literatura que señala que los programas de capacitación bien diseñados, focalizados y con incentivos adecuados tienden a generar mejoras sostenibles en los resultados laborales, especialmente en grupos que tradicionalmente tienen restringido el acceso al mercado laboral.