Academic literature on the topic 'Positivism in literature'
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Journal articles on the topic "Positivism in literature"
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Ferreira, Sónia Mairos. "Dos processos aos produtos de investigação: três propostas de avaliação de estudos científicos não positivistas." Revista Pesquisa Qualitativa 6, no. 12 (December 24, 2018): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.33361/rpq.2018.v.6.n.12.165.
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Resumo: O presente artigo constitui uma reflexão crítica acerca dos desafios e possibilidades que se colocam, na contemporaneidade, à avaliação da qualidade de investigação científica, quando esta se desenvolve segundo orientações de matriz não positivista. No âmbito da prossecução deste propósito a primeira rubrica contém uma breve síntese das (in)suficiências, reportadas na literatura, no que respeita ao positivismo e, também, às propostas alternativas defendidas pelos/as seus/suas críticos/as. A rubrica seguinte sintetiza três tendências de apreciação da qualidade de estudos científicos não positivistas, apontando as particularidades que assumem, assim como as divergências que possuem, em relação ao positivismo e, igualmente, entre si.Palavras-chave: Conhecimento científico; Investigação (não) positivista; Avaliação. From processes to research products: three proposals of evaluation of non-positivistic scientific studiesAbstract: This article is a critical reflection on the challenges and opportunities that arise, in contemporaneity, to the evaluation of the quality of scientific research, when it develops accordingly to non-positivist guidelines. In pursuing this purpose the first rubric contains a brief overview of the (in)sufficiencies, reported in the literature, regarding positivism and, also, to alternative proposals advocated by its critics. The following rubric synthesizes three trends of assessing the quality of non-positivist scientific studies, pointing out the particularities they assume, as well as the major differences from positivism and from each other.Keywords:
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Milán López, Juan Alfonso. "Justo Sierra : del romanticismo al positivismo, su reflejo en la poesía." Estudios: filosofía, historia, letras 21, no. 145 (2023): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5347/01856383.0145.000308861.
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With the rise of national literature during the Restored Republic, Justo Sierra adhered to the romantic and liberal guidelines propagated by Altamirano in such publications as El Renacimiento. However, with the arrival of Porfirio Díaz to power, Sierra’s literature turned to positivism. In this article, the change from the "romantic" Sierra into the "positivist" Sierra is analyzed.
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Junjie, Ma, and Ma Yingxin. "The Discussions of Positivism and Interpretivism." Global Academic Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/gajhss.2022.v04i01.002.
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This paper aims to explore the philosophical theoretical foundations of two basic research paradigms, namely positivism and interpretivism. In the discussion process, literature in the relevant fields including academic papers and books is reviewed and used as support for the analysis. Firstly, the paper explores the differences between the positivist and interpretivist paradigms in terms of ontology and epistemology. The paper then goes on to critically analyze the shortcomings of interpretivism, including nihilism, susceptibility to bias, and neglect of ideological influences. Finally, this paper adopts the credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability theories to support the interpretivist perspective on research methods, i.e., qualitative research methods, from the educational field. This research will help researchers to better understand the differences between positivist and interpretivist paradigms and to choose the applicable research methods according to the research field.
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Mikhailov, Anton Mikhailovich. "Understanding the Rule of Law in the Positivist Doctrine of J. Times." Право и политика, no. 9 (September 2022): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2022.9.38771.
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The subject of the present paper is the interpretation of the doctrine of the rule of law in the teaching of the leading representative of exclusive legal positivism, Joseph Raz (1939 - 2022). The importance of analysing the doctrine of the rule of law in this perspective lies in the fact that such a study is able to identify the fundamental ideas of the positivist understanding of law and the rule of law from the standpoint of the post-Hartian stage of its evolution. The article reveals two main approaches to understanding the rule of law in modern British legal literature - material and formal concepts. Raz's views on the rule of law are compared with the classical ideas of A.V. Dicey, the principles of the "inner morality" of law by L.L. Fuller and the position of F.A. von Hayek. The scientific novelty of the article is that for the first time in the Russian legal literature an attempt has been made to reveal the differences between formal and material concepts of the rule of law in British jurisprudence. Raz's arguments about the nature and goals of the rule of law are not generally accepted in English constituional doctrine, but are quite indicative of the position of post-Hartian legal positivism on the problem of building a stable and predictable legal order. On the one hand, the principles of the rule of law revealed in the teachings of Raz relate exclusively to the legal form, which is generally characteristic of the neo-positivism of the XX century. On the other hand, sociological attitudes can also be distinguished in Raz's teaching, which allows to assert that post-Hartian legal positivism combines a number of ideas of "classical" and "sociological" positivism.
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Mikhailov, Anton Mikhailovich. "Understanding the Rule of Law in Joseph Raz's Positivist Doctrine." Политика и Общество, no. 1 (January 2023): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0684.2023.1.43806.
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The subject of the present paper is the interpretation of the doctrine of the rule of law in the teaching of the leading representative of exclusive legal positivism, Joseph Raz (1939–2022). The importance of analyzing the doctrine of the rule of law from this perspective lies in the fact that such a study is able to identify the fundamental ideas of the positivist understanding of the law and the rule of law from the standpoint of the post-Hartian stage of its evolution. The article reveals two main approaches to understanding the rule of law in modern British legal literature: material and formal concepts. Raz's views on the rule of law are compared with the classical ideas of Albert Venn Dicey, the principles of the "inner morality" of law by Lon L. Fuller, and the position of Friedrich August von Hayek. The scientific novelty of the article is that, for the first time, an attempt has been made to reveal the differences between formal and material concepts of the rule of law in British jurisprudence in Russian legal literature. Raz's arguments about the nature and goals of the rule of law are not generally accepted in English constitutional doctrine but are quite indicative of the position of post-Hartian legal positivism on the problem of building a stable and predictable legal order. On the one hand, the principles of the rule of law revealed in Raz's teachings relate exclusively to the legal form, which is generally characteristic of the neo-positivism of the twentieth century. On the other hand, sociological attitudes can also be distinguished in Raz's teaching, which allows us to assert that post-Hartian legal positivism combines a number of ideas of "classical" and "sociological" positivism.
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Pieper, Vincenz. "Literary Appreciation in the Framework of Positivism." Journal of Literary Theory 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 76–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlt-2020-0005.
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AbstractSome literary scholars assume that appreciation, if it is to take a central position in literary studies, must be defined as a complement to value-neutral understanding. It is often claimed that positivists are unable to do justice to literary value since their engagement with works of literature is restricted to historical inquiry. They can only do the preparatory work for the proper goal of literary interpretation, i. e. aesthetic appreciation. On this basis, a distinction is introduced between historical scholarship and criticism. The former is supposedly concerned with factual questions, while the latter is concerned with aesthetic qualities. I argue that this picture of literary studies is fundamentally misguided. My central thesis is that positivists, though committed to value-neutrality, can nonetheless recognise the qualities that make a work of literature effective or rewarding. Literary appreciation is a form of understanding that involves evaluative terms. But if these terms are duly relativised to the interests of the historical agents, they can be used to articulate empirically testable statements about the work in question.In the first section, I set out some principles to define a positivist philosophy of the humanities. I use the term ›positivism‹ to designate an approach exemplified by Otto Neurath, who systematically opposes the reification of meanings and values in the humanities. While some scholars in the analytical tradition call into question positivism by invoking Wittgenstein, I will suggest that his later philosophy is for the most part compatible with Neurath’s mindset. The following sections attempt to spell out a positivist account of literary appreciation. I develop this account by examining the philosophy of criticism proposed by Stein Haugom Olsen and Peter Lamarque, the most prominent advocates of the idea that appreciation goes beyond mere understanding. In discussing their misappropriation of Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language, it will become apparent that they tend to idealise literary practice and its rules. Their description of the institution of literature mixes factual questions with personal value judgements. Positivists, by contrast, seek to distinguish factual matters from subjective judgements and to limit the study of literature as far as possible to the former. They advise critics to approach works of literature in the spirit of scientific inquiry. This does not mean, however, that there is no place for emotional experience and evaluative behaviour in the framework of positivism. To account for these aspects of literary scholarship, a theory of historical empathy is needed that clarifies the function of evaluative expressions in the explanation of literature. I will argue that value terms are used not solely or primarily to articulate what makes the work under consideration pleasurable for the scholar who uses them; their principal function is to indicate what makes a work satisfying from the perspective of the writer or from the perspectives of the groups the author seeks to impress. Empathy is exhibited in the willingness to use evaluative language to make sense of the writer’s behaviour, regardless of whether one finds the work personally rewarding or not.
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POCHEBUT, STANISLAV. "MODERN APPROACHES TO THE CRITIQUE OF POSITIVISM." Studia Humanitatis 12, no. 1 (June 2019): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j12.art.2019.3362.
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Modern epistemology of science has carried out a strong criticism of the domi-nant views of the positivist and neo-positivist model of knowledge and actual-ly undermined its authority. At the turn of several centuries, the positivist posi-tion has been experiencing significant theoretical and methodological difficul-ties in explaining the nature of social life and the prospects for socio-historical development. Because of this, the study of modern approaches to criticism of such areas as positivism, with a special indication of the importance of social and humanitarian knowledge for understanding the processes taking place in modern society, is of particular importance. The present research is based on the accepted in social philosophy analysis methods of primary sources and re-search literature. Over a long period of time, the predominance of the mecha-nistic, materialistic and deterministic view of the world, the introduction of cal-culation, measurement and accuracy as the basic methodological principles of science, armed with the postulation of quantitatively defined entities, formed no less characteristic social ethics. Abstract schemes, formalist methods, uni-versal ideas and concepts subordinated all to the identical logic of the Autono-mous subjective mind and its basic predicate – the intellectualist will to power. The twenty-first century, together with its strong criticism of positivism in many of its manifestations, clearly proves to us, through a profound analysis of positivist approaches, that the reality around us is much closer to chaos than to space. Thus, the result of the study is the designation of the special im-portance of social and humanitarian knowledge in the XXI century for the study of the processes taking place in society, while recognizing the inability of the exact Sciences to describe social actions. Being opposite in the method of approaches to the study of society, they coincide in the goal, which is to achieve a state of non-duality – the lack of separation into the subject and the object of the exhaustion of self. The author considers such experience to be the limit for human existence simultaneously with the statement of its chaotic and non-deterministic nature in development.
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Guastini, Riccardo. "Legal Realism as a Positivistic Theory of Law." Isonomía - Revista de teoría y filosofía del derecho, no. 53 (October 31, 2020): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5347/isonomia.v0i53.452.
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Since the Sixties, following Norberto Bobbio, everyone is (or should be) used to distinguish among methodological, theoretical, and ideological legal positivism (LP). By the way, in Italian legal-philosophical literature, LP is often opposed to legal realism (LR). One has to wonder, however: what kind of LP and what kind of LR are we talking about? (i) As to LR, those scholars who oppose realism and positivism have in mind most of all Scandinavian Realism, especially Olivecrona and Ross. (ii) As to LP, those scholars who oppose realism and positivism have in mind either the 19th century prevailing theory of law or Kelsen’s pure theory. The opposition between LR and the pure theory is sound. Nonetheless, such an opposition does not arise from a supposed anti-positivistic stance of LR. It depends on two non-positivistic theses endorsed by Kelsen: the concept of validity as binding force, and the normative theory of legal science, conceived of a set of deontic (non-factual) sentences echoing valid (i.e., binding) norms. The opposition between LR and 19th century LP is equally sound, but does not hold when referred to contemporary LP, which is mainly conceived of as a methodological (Benthamite) attitude towards the law. LR is an openly positivistic view about the law. To be sure, not all positivist legal scholars are realist, but all realists are (“hard”) positivists.
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Kaesnube, Yohanes, and Armada Riyanto. "Positivisme Hukum dalam Mengatasi Konflik Hukum Perkawinan Beda Agama." Borneo Review 2, no. 2 (December 21, 2023): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52075/br.v2i2.221.
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The focus of this study is that interfaith marriages often cause legal conflicts due to religious differences between husband and wife. This legal conflict can be related to various matters such as child custody, distribution of assets, and determination of the child's religion. This becomes complex because each religion has its own rules regarding marriage and family. The purpose of this scientific work is to find out how the legal view of legal positivism in interfaith marriages. Legal positivism is a legal view that emphasizes the importance of written legal rules as the only source of applicable law. In the context of interfaith marriages, legal positivism can play an important role in overcoming legal conflicts that arise. The method used in this scientific paper is a comparative study and literature. There are three findings from this study: First, legal positivism can help parties involved in interfaith marriages to understand the applicable legal rules. Second, legal positivism can help resolve legal conflicts through appropriate legal channels. Third, legal positivism can help ensure legal protection for parties involved in interfaith marriages.
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Bystrov, A. S., and S. V. Vinogradov. "The “Hart-Dworkin” Debate: Critical Capacity for Russian Legal Theory." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 4 (June 20, 2023): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2023.104.4.079-090.
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This article is devoted to an analysis of the early arguments within the Anglo-American philosophical and legal discussion, known in the academic literature as the “Hart-Dworkin” debate. The key theses attributed by R. Dworkin to the legal positivism of H. Hart and his proponents are examined: the pedigree thesis, the discretion thesis, the obligation thesis and the separability thesis. R. Dworkin’s criticism of these theses, on the basis of legal positivists’ undervaluing of the role of legal principles, as well as the capacity of these arguments for reconsideration of the key assumptions of mainstream Russian legal theory, is characterized. The central statements of the exclusive (hard) and inclusive (soft) legal positivism as two strategies of reaction to R. Dworkin’s critique are analysed. The separability thesis is discussed through the framework of J. Coleman’s distinction between positive and negative versions of the positivist legal theory. The conclusion that the nature of the nexus between moral and legal norms has not been properly problematised in contemporary Russian legal theory and that the arguments in the Hart-Dworkin debate have critical capacity to challenge dogmatism on this issue is justified.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Positivism in literature"
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Ghirardi, José Garcez. "Important, unimportant: a critical anticipation of the assumptions of legal positivism in Alice in wonderland." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116127.
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Almost a full century separates Alice in Wonderland (1865) of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson(who will be referred by his pseudonym, Lewis Carroll) and the second, lengthier and more elaborate edition of Hans Kelsen’s Pure Theory of Law (1960; first edition published in 1934). And yet, it is possible to argue that the former anticipates and critically addresses many of the philosophical assumptions that underlie and are elemental to the argument of the latter. Both texts, with the illuminating differences that arise from their disparate genre, have as one of their key themes norms and their functioning. Wonderland, as Alice soon finds out, is a world beset by rules of all kinds: from the etiquette rituals of the mad tea-party to the changing setting for the croquet game to the procedural insanity of the trial with which the novel ends. Pure Theory of Law, as Kelsen emphatically stresses, has the Grundnorm as the cornerstone upon which the whole theoretical edifice rests (see Green, 2003; Posner, 2005).This paper discusses some of the assumptions underlying Kelsen’s argument as an instance of the modern worldview that Lewis satirically scrutinizes. The first section («Sleepy and stupid») discusses Lewis’ critique of the idea that, to correctly apprehend an object (in the case of Kelsen’s study, law), one has to free it from its alien elements. The second section («Do bats eat cats?») discusses the notion of systemic coherence and its impact on modern ways of thinking about truth, law and society. The third section («Off with their heads!») explores the connections between readings of systems as neutral entities and the perpetuation of political power. The fourth and final section («Important, Unimportant») explains the sense in which a «critical anticipation» is both possible and useful to discuss the philosophical assumptions structuring some positivist arguments. It also discusses the reasons for choosing to focus on Kelsen’s work, rather than on that of Lewis’ contemporary John Austin, whose The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (published in 1832) remains influential in legal debates today.Casi un siglo entero separa a Alicia en el país de las Maravillas (1865) de Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (a quien nos referiremos por su seudónimo, Lewis Carroll) y a la segunda, más larga y más elaborada edición de la Teoría pura del derecho (1960) de Hans Kelsen —cuya primera edición fue publicada en 1934—. Y, sin embargo, es posible argumentar que la primera obra anticipa y trata en forma crítica a muchos de los supuestos filosóficos que fundamentan y son elementales en los razonamientos sobre la última. Ambos textos, con las diferencias iluminadoras que surgen de sus géneros dispares, tienen como uno de sus temas clave las normas y su funcionamiento. El país de las maravillas, como Alicia pronto descubre, es un mundo sitiado por regulaciones de todo tipo: desde los rituales de etiqueta de la merienda de locos hasta los arreglos cambiantes para el juego de croquet y la insensatez procesal del juicio con el que termina la novela. La Teoría Pura del derecho, como enfáticamente recalca Kelsen, tiene a la Grundnorm (norma fundamental) como la piedra angular sobre la que reside todo el edificio teórico (véanse Green, 2003; Posner, 2005).Este trabajo discute algunos de los supuestos en los que se basa el razonamiento de Kelsen como un ejemplo de la moderna visión del mundo a la que satíricamente analiza Carroll. La primera sección («Somnolienta y atontada») discute la crítica de Carroll a la idea de que, para comprender un objeto (en el caso del estudio de Kelsen, el derecho), uno tiene que liberarlo de sus elementos ajenos. La segunda sección («¿Comen murciélagos los gatos?») discute la noción de coherencia sistémica y su impacto sobre las formas modernas de pensamiento sobre la verdad, el derecho y la sociedad. La tercera sección («¡Que les corten la cabeza!») explora las conexiones entre las lecturas de sistemas como entidades neutrales y la perpetuación del poder político. La cuarta y última sección («Importante, No importante») explica el sentido en el que una «anticipación crítica» es tanto posible como útil para discutir los supuestos filosóficos que estructuran algunos argumentos positivistas. Esta sección también discute las razones para elegir concentrarse en el trabajo de Kelsen, más que en el del contemporáneo de Carroll John Austin, cuya obra La provincia de la jurisprudencia determinada (publicada en 1832) continúa influyendo hoy en los debates legales.
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Rosenqvist, Mathias. "Waiting for “the black flower of civilization to bloom” : Shades of Modernity in J. M. Coetzee’s Waiting for the Barbarians." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8233.
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O'Neil, Megan. "Indigenista Heroes and Femmes Fatales: Myth-Making in Latin American Literature and Film." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/hisp_etds/29.
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This dissertation explores myth-making in Latin America by focusing specifically upon four Amerindian and mestizo figures: Doña Bárbara, mestiza protagonist of Rómulo Gallegos’ 1929 novel; Anacaona and Hatuey, Taíno caciques who first appeared in Bartolomé de las Casas’ Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias (1552); and Andrés Chiliquinga, indigenous protagonist of Jorge Icaza’s Huasipungo (1934). The present analysis examines the evolution of these myths from their original appearance to literary and film versions throughout the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries in the Caribbean and Andean regions. The project focuses upon the ways in which artists have interpreted these myths, their embedding in society’s collective memory, and their mythical functions in anti- and postcolonial discourse. By breaking down each myth into its most basic structure, this project identifies the core connotations contained within that reveal each myth’s function as a cultural foundation in Latin America. It also examines how the versions of a myth depart from one another, thus underscoring possible critiques of the myth. Finally, it examines the ways in which some of these myths have become commodities, particularly in contemporary popular culture. By examining these figures as cultural myths—bridging past and present—, this research argues that a mythic-interpretive model proves effective as it leads us to a deeper understanding of the universal connotations contained not only within the stories chosen here, but the Latin American narrative as a whole.
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Tavares, Eva Volite Coelho. "Ciência e literatura em Lima Barreto." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13304.
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This work analyses Brazilian writer Lima Barreto with focus on his scientific view, as shown in his work, and investigates the relationship between Literature and History of Science. It took Triste fim de Policarpo Quaresma (Sad end of Policarpo Quaresma) as a reference, as well as chronicles and other author's productions, regarding the recognition of a dialogue between reality and fiction. It also investigated the writer s passage through the Polytechnic School of Rio de Janeiro and his readings and reflections on certain aspects of the scientific knowledge in vogue, motivated by intellectual sharing with literate men of his time. The analyzed period, between the end of the XIXth and the early XXth century, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, shows a context marked by a belief in progress and appreciation of science that had a profound influence on the creation of the author s characters. However, being a dissonant voice of his time, Lima Barreto reveled a distrust on the modernization discourse at the time and positioned himself critically towards the Republican regime based on positivist ideas
Este trabalho aborda a visão científica do escritor brasileiro Lima Barreto presente em sua obra e procura, com base nela, investigar a relação entre Literatura e História da Ciência. Para essa abordagem, tomou-se como referência Triste Fim de Policarpo Quaresma, bem como crônicas e outras produções do autor, com vistas ao reconhecimento de um diálogo entre realidade e ficção. Investigou-se também a passagem do escritor pela Escola Politécnica do Rio de Janeiro e suas leituras e reflexões sobre determinados aspectos do conhecimento científico em voga, motivadas pelo compartilhamento intelectual com homens letrados de seu tempo. O período abordado, situado entre o final do século XIX e o início do século XX, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, mostra um contexto que foi marcado pela crença no progresso e valorização da ciência e exerceu profunda influência na caracterização dos personagens do autor. Porém, sendo uma voz dissonante de seu tempo, Lima Barreto evidenciou em sua obra uma desconfiança acerca do discurso de modernização vigente na época e posicionou-se de forma crítica diante do regime republicano apoiado em ideias positivistas
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Silva, Vinicius Ferrasso da. "O devido garantismo processual e a efetiva tutela dos interessados no interrogatório penal: a abertura da escuta alienada dos juristas para a continuidade do romance em cadeia dworkiniano." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5598.
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O presente trabalho visa apresentar as bases para a construção de uma intepretação íntegra do artigo 212 do CPP, mas não fica adstrito ao referido artigo processual penal. Muito pelo contrário, inicia-se com uma análise histórica da evolução dos sistemas inquisitório (direct examinatio) e acusatório (cross-examination) no Direito estrangeiro, demonstrando a diferença de atuação do magistrado nos modelo anglo-saxão, nos estados europeus e estados latino-americanos, apontando para a mudança paradigmática que fora pretendida após a alteração dada pela Lei 11.690/2008, que inseriu o artigo 212 do CPP e os incisos I e II do artigo 156 do CPP. Em seguida, apresenta-se uma imbricação entre a comédia shakespeariana e a obra de Kantorowicz, demonstrando que a passagem do positivismo-exegético, da proibição de se interpretar, para o positivismo-normativista, produziu o fenômeno da discricionariedade do juiz, o dono da lei, que se movimenta dentro da moldura da norma kelseniana, o que Warat definiu de senso comum teórico dos juristas, demonstra a relação do juiz que inicia a inquirição no interrogatório com a busca da fictícia verdade real. Após a indicação do problema da discricionariedade, demonstram-se as estruturas da compreensão, juntamente com a crítica que Gadamer faz ao processo nefasto de interpretação por etapas. E, de modo a dar seguimento ao processo de compreensão gadameriana, destaca-se a teoria estruturante do direito do jurista alemão Friedrich Müller para que se possa identificar que, quando os juristas realizam a interpretação do artigo 212 do CPP, dada a abertura de produção de provas possibilitada pelos incisos I e II do artigo 156 do CPP, o intérprete olvida-se de realizar uma leitura atenta do artigo 212 do CPP, e por muitas vezes, equivocadamente, supera o conteúdo do texto normativo. Ao final, apresenta-se o caminho alternativo baseado na hermenêutica filosófica, com aportes da teoria do romance em cadeia dworkiniano, que garante compromissos do intérprete com a integridade, e, assim, leva o jurista a retirar-se da cilada kelseniana da mobilidade dentro da moldura da norma contida no positivismo-normativista, conduzindo à obtenção da máxima eficácia da justiça social, e, ao mesmo tempo, respeitando o teor do conteúdo do texto normativo do artigo 212 do CPP na linha da teoria estruturante da norma do jurista alemão Friedrich Müller, e não realizando intepretações por etapa, cindindo compreensão e aplicação, conforme adverte Georg-Hans Gadamer em sua respeitável crítica às três subtilitas, que ao fim e ao cabo, apresenta compromissos com o devido garantismo processual penal.
This paper presents the basis for building a interpretation part of Article 212 of the CPP, but that is not attached to that criminal procedure article. On the contrary, we start with a historical analysis of the evolution of inquisitorial systems (direct examinatio) and accusatory (cross-examination) on foreign law, demonstrating the magistrate's action difference in the Anglo-Saxon model, in European states and Latin American states, pointing to the paradigm shift that was required after the change given by Law 11,690 / 2008, which inserted Article 212 of the CPP and the items I and II of Article 156 of the CPP. Then we present an overlap between the Shakespearean comedy, with the work of Kantorowicz, demonstrating that the passage of positivism-exegetical, the prohibition to interpret, to positivism-normative, produced the phenomenon of the judge's discretion, the owner of the law that moves within the frame of kelseniana standard, which Warat set of theoretical common sense of lawyers, we demonstrate the relationship of the judge who begins questioning the interrogation to the pursuit of fictitious real truth. After the statement of the problem of discretion, we demonstrate the understanding of structures, along with the criticism that Gadamer makes the nefarious process of interpretation in stages. And in order to continue the process of Gadamer's understanding, stand out the structural theory of the German Friedrich Müller Jurist right so that you can identify that when the lawyers perform the interpretation of Article 212 of the CPP, given the evidentiary opening enabled by sections I and II of Article 156 of the CPC, the interpreter forgets you perform a careful reading of Article 212 of the CPP, and often mistakenly exceeds the content of the regulatory text. In the end, then present, the alternate path based on philosophical hermeneutics, with contributions of the theory of the novel in dworkiniano chain, which guarantees interpreter's commitments with integrity, and thus takes the lawyer to withdraw from the kelseniana trap mobility within the Frame rule in positivism-normative, leading to the achievement of maximum effectiveness of social justice, while respecting the content of the regulatory text of the content of Article 212 of the CPP in line with the structural theory of rule of German jurist Friedrich Müller, and not realizing interpretations, by stage, splitting understanding and application, as Hans-Georg Gadamer warns in his respectable critical to the three subtilitas, that after the cable has commitments with proper criminal procedure garantismo.
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Schuman, Samuel A. "Representation, Narrative, and “Truth”: Literary and Historical Epistemology in 19th-Century France." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1621948796558803.
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Passera, Mark. "Theorizing new media : positivist, normative and post-modern approaches." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341477.
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Židonis, Giedrius. "Pozityvizmas ir lietuvių proza. XIX amžiaus antroji pusė." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090218_102702-13098.
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Disertacijoje pristatomi pozityvizmo filosofijos ir pasaulėžiūros pagrindai, nagrinėjama lietuviškojo pozityvizmo sklaida Lenkijoje ir Rusijoje vyravusio pozityvizmo kontekste, nuosekliai apžvelgiamas pozityvizmo paieškų ir interpretavimo kelias lietuvių grožinės literatūros kritinėje mintyje. Studijoje keliams klausimas, ar apskritai galima kalbėti apie literatūrinių modelių perimamumą (didaktika pozityvizmo literatūra), šalia pasirinktų skirtingų krypčių, skirtingo laikotarpio atraminių kūrinių (atstovaujančių lietuvių didaktinės literatūros pradžiai ir Atgimimo užuomazgoms; didaktinės literatūros brandai ir Atgimimo pradžiai; pozityvistinei literatūrai ir Atgimimui) aptariami ir spaudos draudimo laikotarpio pozityvistinių bruožų turintys kūriniai, aiškinamasi, kaip XIX a. pabaigos lietuvių literatūroje veikia personažai pozityvistai, kokioms jie priklauso profesinėms / socialinėms grupėms, rekonstruojama jų estetinė pozityvistinė programa.
Disertacija apie pozityvizmo sklaidą lietuvių XIX a. pabaigos prozoje yra pirmoji tokio pobūdžio studija lietuvių literatūrologijoje. Išsami pozityvistinės gyvenimo sampratos programa Lietuvoje nebuvo suformuluota, tačiau ją galima rekonstruoti iš teiginių ir minčių, išsisklaidžiusių literatūros ir kultūros darbuotojų publicistiniuose, kritiniuose, sociologiniuose darbuose, o šio tyrimo atveju – grožinės literatūros kūriniuose. Disertacijoje siekiama nuosekliai apžvelgti ir apibendrinti pavienius pasisakymus ir įžvalgas pozityvizmo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]This dissertation will attempt to present the foundations of the positivist philosophy and worldview. It will also attempt to show the spread of Lithuanian positivism in the context of the dominant positivism of Russia and Poland, and to thoroughly examine the exploration and interpretation of positivism in the mind of Lithuanian fictional literary criticism. This study raises the question as to whether one can in general speak of the adoption of certain models of literature from didactic literature to positivist literature. Aside from discussing different time periods and different literary styles of the nineteenth century (the beginning of Lithuanian didactic literature, while the Lithuanian Cultural Renaissance was still in its embryonic stage; the maturation of didactic literature and the beginning of the Lithuanian Cultural Renaissance; and positivist literature as well as Lithuania's Cultural Renaissance in full force) this work also discusses the pieces having the characteristics of the positivist literature written during the prohibition of the press. The work will also attempt to explain what positivist personalities were significant during the second half of the nineteenth century, and to what professional and social groups these people belonged, along with reconstructing their aesthetic positivist program. This dissertation about the spread of positivism in the prose from the end of the nineteenth century is the first of its kind done in Lithuanian literary... [to full text]
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Lima, Angela Silva de. "Os médicos e os embates do cientificismo na obra de Eça de Queirós (1875-1888)." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3172.
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Durante a segunda metade do século XIX, a atenção dada à ciência, que ganha então maior espaço na literatura, cresce muito. A Medicina estava em ascensão, e grande foi a sua importância no controle de enfermidades e redução do número de mortes prematuras. Além disso, os médicos ainda enfrentavam, apesar de tudo, dificuldades para se estabelecerem socialmente, uma vez que ainda existia o costume da busca de curandeiros, boticários e benzedeiras. Eça de Queirós, que, neste particular, traça um panorama diversificado e valioso da situação portuguesa, aborda o cientificismo, colocando-o em xeque, juntamente com o discurso religioso, ambos ainda com tanto prestígio na esfera dos assuntos públicos. Muitos estudiosos ainda veem na obra de Eça um caráter exclusivamente doutrinador, e no discurso científico percebem apenas um contraponto ao discurso religioso. A análise de três obras que trazem médicos como personagens secundários ou como protagonistas na trama mostra que não era somente este o papel do cientificismo queirosiano em O Primo Basílio, O Crime do Padre Amaro e Os Maias. Através dos médicos dos romances da fase mais marcadamente realista-naturalista de Eça (Julião, Dr. Gouveia e Carlos Eduardo) é possível perceber o quanto Eça avança de posições mais doutrinárias (da década de 70) para posições mais complexas e problematizadoras (da década de 80)Along the second half of the XIX century, the attention devoted to Science, which seemed to gain more space in Literature, grows considerably. Medicine was in ascension, and this has been of great importance in illness control, as well as in the reduction of premature deaths. Besides, doctors would still face, in spite of every effort, difficulties to establish socially, since people would still refer to healers, pharmacists and faith healers. Eça de Queirós, in this particular issue, portraits a diverse and valuable portrait of the Portuguese situation, taking into account Scientifics, putting it in discussion, together with the religious creed, both still with great prestige among the ordinary public at the time. A number of specialists see in Eças work a major doctrinaire trait, and, in scientific studies they perceive only a opposition to religious creed. The analysis of the three novels which present doctors as secondary characters or protagonists show that the role of Scientifics was not only that in O Primo Basílio, O Crime do Padre Amaro as well as in Os Maias. Through the doctors present in the novels of the remarkably realist-naturalist phase of Eça (Julião, Dr. Gouveia and Carlos Eduardo) it is possible to notice how much Eça develops from more doctrinaire positions (as from the seventies) to more complex and comprehensive ideas (as from the eighties)
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Santos, Cristian José Oliveira. "Padres, beatas e devotos : figuras do anticlericalismo na literatura naturalista brasileira." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2010. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/9162.
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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas, 2010.Submitted by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza (jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2011-08-08T13:36:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_CristianJoseOliveiraSantos_Parcial.pdf: 242506 bytes, checksum: 3b4b39a360e1e3a7a42d25b05a0a9385 (MD5)
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Analisa as formas de representação de personagens religiosos na literatura brasileira. Tendo como corpus três obras reconhecidamente naturalistas - O Mulato (1881), de Aluísio Azevedo; O Homem (1887), também de autoria de Azevedo e Morbus: romance patológico (1898), de Faria Neves Sobrinho - buscou-se analisar os elementos simbólicos configuradores destes personagens, tanto no plano físico, psíquico e coletivo. Como referencial teórico recorreu-se ao pensamento filosófico de Michel Foucault, particularmente sua concepção de corpo, em diálogo com a contribuição de Erwin Goffman, Pierre Bourdieu, Max Weber, Auguste Comte, Pierre Laffite, além dos textos médicos produzidos no curso do século XIX. Observa-se que o processo de estigmatização dos personagens em questão se dá dentro da lógica positivista e racionalista, de forte oposição à teologia e a metafísica enquanto sistemas de pensamento, além de expressar as circunstâncias históricas do Brasil oitocentista, período marcado por grande resistência à monarquia e à Igreja Católica. Desse modo, padres, beatas e devotos são representados enquanto figuras anacrônicas, possuidores de uma corporeidade doentia ou desordeira, manifestações claras do retrocesso da ordem social que representam. Conclui-se que a literatura naturalista do país, apropriando-se do caráter cientificista de que a escola literária em questão se revestia, imprimiu um tom racional ao seu discurso, particularmente manifesto na configuração dos personagens religiosos, evidenciando, assim, o seu compromisso militante e reformista. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The present work makes an analysis of the forms of representation of religious figures in Brazilian literature. It has as its corpus three well known naturalists works — The Mulatto (1881), by Aluísio Azevedo; The Man (1887), also written by Azevedo, and Morbus: pathologic novel (1898), by Faria Neves Sobrinho — the main intention of these works was to examine the configuration of elements of these symbolic characters, in the physical, psychological and collective aspects. As a theoretical resource we based this work on the thoughts of the philosopher Michel Foucault, particularly in his conception of the body, together with the contributions of Erwin Goffman, Pierre Bourdieu, Max Weber, Auguste Comte, Pierre Laffite, and medical texts produced in the course of the nineteenth century. We observe that the process of stigmatization of these characters, within the positivist and rationalist logic, strengthened the opposition of theology and metaphysics as systems of thought, besides expressing the historical circumstances of nineteenth-century in Brazil, a period marked by a great resistance to the monarchy as well as to the Catholic Church. Thus, priests, devotees and devout figures are represented as anachronistic, having a sick or unproper corporeality, clear expressions of the retrogression of the social order that they represent. At last, we conclude that the naturalistic literature of the country, while appropriating the scientific character in which the literary school was qualified, gave a rational tone to its speech, particularly manifested in the setting of religious characters, thereby demonstrating its militant and reformer commitment. _________________________________________________________________________________ RÉSUMÉ
Il analyse les formes de représentation des figures religieuses dans la littérature brésilienne. Le corpus est constitué par trois oeuvres les plus connues des naturalistes: Le mulâtre (1881), par Aluisio Azevedo, L'Homme (1887), également conçue par Azevedo et Morbus: roman pathologique (1898), de Faria Neves Sobrinho. Ils ont cherché à examiner les éléments qui ont contribué à réaliser les personnages symboliques qui visent les aspects à la fois de la santé physique, psychologique et collective. Comme recours théorique pour le philosophe Michel Foucault, en particulier sa conception du corps dans le dialogue avec la contribution de Erwin Goffman, Pierre Bourdieu, Max Weber, Auguste Comte, Pierre Laffite, en plus de textes médicaux produits au cours du XIXe siècle. Il est observé que le processus de stigmatisation des personnes en question donne à la logique positiviste et rationaliste, fermement opposés à la théologie et la métaphysique comme des systèmes de pensée et exprime les circonstances historiques du XIXe siècle au Brésil, une période marquée par une grande résistance à la monarchie et à l’Église catholique. Ainsi les prêtres, les bigotes et les dévots sont représentés comme anachronique, d'une corporéité de malades ou d’indisciplinés, des expressions claires de régression de l'ordre social qu'y les représentent. Nous concluons que la littérature naturaliste du pays, en s'appropriant le caractère scientiste de l'école littéraire concerné et qualifié, imprime un ton rationnel de son discours, particulièrement manifesté dans la création de personnages religieux, démontrant ainsi son engagement et son militantisme réformateur. _________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMEN
Analiza las formas de representación de figuras religiosas en la literatura brasileña. El corpus está constituido de tres obras reconocidamente naturalistas — El Mulato (1881), de Aluísio Azevedo, El Hombre (1887), también de autoria de Azevedo y Morbus: novela patológica (1898), de Faria Neves Sobrinho — en las cuales trata de examinar los elementos constitutivos de estos personajes simbólicos, tanto el físico y psicológico como el colectivo. Como teórico recurrió al filósofo Michel Foucault, en particular a su concepción del cuerpo, en diálogo con las aportaciones de Erwin Goffman, Pierre Bourdieu, Max Weber, Auguste Comte, Pierre Laffite, además de textos médicos producidos en el transcurso del siglo XIX. Se observa que el proceso de estigmatización de las personas en cuestión por la lógica positivista y racionalista, se opuso firmemente a la teología y a la metafísica como sistemas de pensamiento, y expresa también las circunstancias históricas del siglo XIX en Brasil, un período marcado por una gran resistencia a la monarquía y a la Iglesia Católica. De ahí que los sacerdotes, los devotos y figuras devotas sean representadas como anacrónicas y se revistan de cierta corporalidad enferma o como indisciplinados, expresiones claras del retroceso del orden social que representan. Se concluye que la literatura naturalista del país, apropiándose del carácter cientificista que la erudición literaria en cuestión llevaba impreso, dé un tono racional a su discurso, especialmente evidente en la creación de personajes religiosos, demostrando así su compromiso militante y reformista.
Books on the topic "Positivism in literature"
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Barbara, Olaszek, Avtukhovich T. E, Vershinina N. L, and Uniwersytet Łódzki. Katedra Literatury i Kultury Rosyjskiej., eds. Idee pozytywizmu w piśmiennictwie rosyjskim =: Idei pozitivizma v russkoĭ slovesnosti : materiały międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej (Łódź, 18-19 września 2000 r.). Łódź: Katedra Literatury i Kultury Rosyjskiej UŁ, 2000.
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Rzymkowska, Ewa. Publicystyka programowa pozytywizmu warszawskiego: Zarys problematyki oraz wybór tekstów źródłowych. Poznań: Sorus, 2014.
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Horton, David M. Pioneering perspectives in criminology: The literature of 19th century criminological positivism. Incline Village, Nev.]: Copperhouse, 2000.
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Stanisław, Fita, ed. Publicystyka okresu pozytywizmu 1860-1900: Antologia. Warszawa: Instytut Badań Literackich Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2002.
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Birgit, Griesecke, ed. Werkstätten des Möglichen, 1930-1936: L. Fleck, E. Husserl, R. Musil, L. Wittgenstein. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2008.
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Baczewski, Antoni. W kręgu myśli pozytywistycznej: Niektóre aspekty wymowy filozoficznej dzieł literatury polskiej po powstaniu styczniowym. Rzeszów: Wydawn. Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogicznej, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Positivism in literature"
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Rousselle, Elizabeth Smith. "Religion, Race, Class, and Gender in the Age of Positivism." In Gender and Modernity in Spanish Literature, 85–99. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137439888_5.
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Sharman, Adam. "Modernismo, Positivism, and (Dis)inheritance in the Discourse of Literary History." In Tradition and Modernity in Spanish American Literature, 67–83. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230601413_4.
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Jones, Tiffany. "Intersex Euphorias! Positive Experiences of Intersex Variations on and After Diagnoses." In Euphorias in Gender, Sex and Sexuality Variations, 149–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23756-0_7.
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AbstractPeople with intersex variations are mostly framed within conservative psycho-medical research challenging their autonomy, or critical empowerment Intersex Studies literature noting discrimination. Resisting deficit-based framings, this chapter uses the concept ‘euphoria’ to investigate when, why and how 272 Australian online survey participants (aged 16-87yrs) had positive experiences of their intersex variations. Upon diagnosis, under one fifth described what this piece calls Category Validation, Difference Legitimisation, Knowledge Integration, Medical Sense-making or Sudden Hope euphorias. Post-diagnosis euphorias were more common, most often Body Positivity euphoria. Also, Acceptance, Autonomous Control, Relative Gains, or Fitness Edge euphorias emerged. Euphorias had different feelings, stimuli, processes, and impacts. Body Positivity euphoria was most connected and conducive to other euphorias, and has external stimuli which could be invested in further.
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"6. Realism and Positivism." In A History of Polish Literature, 256–305. Academic Studies Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9798887192789-009.
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"The positivist alternative." In Race, Citizenship, and Law in American Literature, 131–82. Cambridge University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511485473.005.
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Glarou, Despoina. "Literature." In The Impact of Naturalistic and Legal Positivist Doctrines on the Implementation of International Human Rights Treaty Law, 353–72. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845278421-353.
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Friedman, Jeffrey. "The Pathological Pressure to Predict." In Power without Knowledge, 181–229. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877170.003.0005.
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The premier technocrats of our age, neoclassical economists, are poorly equipped to balance homogenizing forces against heterogeneous ideas, as economists altogether ignore agents’ ideas. They do so by attributing to agents the automatic ability to act optimally, effacing the agents’ need to interpret their circumstances and thus the possibility that the ideas on which their interpretations are based will be mistaken. An error-free agent—meaning, for practical purposes, one whose interpretation of her circumstances matches that of the economist—is an agent whose actions the economist can conveniently predict. Similarly, attempts by economists of information and behavioral economists to render economics more realistic overlook ideational heterogeneity and the fact that ideas must form interpretations before they can guide actions. Thus, the agent depicted by these types of economist remains predictable despite the information asymmetries and putative irrationality identified in these literature. Even the recent shift toward empiricism in economics relies on an undertheorized positivism that, again, ignores the causal force of ideational heterogeneity. Nontechnocratic research in social psychology, however, suggests that the neglect of people’s ideas is not unique to economists, posing a wider cultural problem for technocracy—but also the hope that ideational changes might lead to a judicious form of technocratic governance.
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"EL HORIZONTE POSITIVISTA:." In Para una teoría de la literatura: (40 años de Historia), 203–26. Marcial Pons, ediciones jurídicas y sociales, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10rr8wv.10.
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"EL HORIZONTE POSITIVISTA:." In Para una teoría de la literatura: (40 años de Historia), 161–84. Marcial Pons, ediciones jurídicas y sociales, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10rr8wv.8.
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"EL POSITIVISMO EN SENTIDO ESTRICTO." In Para una teoría de la literatura: (40 años de Historia), 185–200. Marcial Pons, ediciones jurídicas y sociales, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10rr8wv.9.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Positivism in literature"
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Shakirova, Nailya, and Albina Garifullina. "LITERARY INTERPRETATION OF THE IDEAS OF POSITIVISM IN D. STEINBECK'S WORKS." In World literature Cultural Codes. Baskir State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/kkml-2021-11-19.24.
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Rašan, Dora, and Kristina Pilko. "Typology of Social Paradigm: Literature Review of Tourist’s Gastronomic Experience." In 8th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.s.p.2022.107.
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In an examination of the tourist’s gastronomic experience, scien- tific experts approach it in different ways, depending on the research para- digm to which they belong. In scientific literature, there are paradigms such as positivism, constructivism, criticism, postmodernism, and transmodern- ism. The purpose of this study was to analyze 55 scientific articles on the tourist’s gastronomic experience according to key terms (ontology, epistemology, and methodology) and thus determine their affiliation to the appropriate paradigm. The empirical research results indicate that there are no studies of postmodernism and transmodernism, but there are studies of positivist (70.91%), critical (18.18%), and constructivist (10.91%) research views. Therefore, in future research, scientists should direct their gaze pre- cisely in the direction of these paradigms. Further research findings indicate that the largest number of analyzed studies published in the last three years is in Asia (40%), North America (34.55%), and Europe (18.18%) where the au- thors predominantly apply a quantitative research approach (69.09%). The contribution of this research is reflected in the improved theoretical knowledge of the researched issues as well as the application of the same in determining the papers with regard to the type of paradigm to which the authors of selected papers belong. Also, this study is the first in conducting a paradigmatic analysis of gastronomic tourism studies.
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Sunkanmi Adeyemi, Benjamen, Clinton Aigbavboa, and Wellington D Thwala. "Legal Factors in the Nigerian Construction Industry." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002361.
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The purpose of this study was to review literature on various legal factors in the Nigerian construction industry (NCI). This research utilised various sources of information from previous studies on conference papers, articles in journals, and so on. Various keywords were utilised to search for the information related to the subject matter of this study. Moreover, some of the legal factors revealed from literature are regulations regarding the environment, professional codes of practices, health and safety regulations, permit, tax and insurance, interpretation of contractual documents, fiduciary relations, misrepresentation, incapability of procurement system, right of clients to change design, avoidance of responsibility, and ambiguity of work legislation. The study likewise discusses legal theories such as natural legal and legal positivism theory. Thereafter, the legal principles in the NCI were discussed. However, this study increases the knowledge of construction stakeholders. It is highly recommended that all factors that can result to legal issues should be avoided, in order to improve the efficiency of the NCI.
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Góes, Érica Cavalcante vieira de, LUCIANA GESIELLI RODRIGUES ROCHA, EDILAYNE SILVA DE ALMEIDA, MARIA EDUARDA BARBOSA CAMILO DE LIMA, and DÉBORA FELIX DO NASCIMENTO. "MULHERES HIV POSITIVAS E AMAMENTAÇÃO: IMPACTO NO SISTEMA IMUNOLÓGICO DA CRIANÇA." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/ii-conbrai/6318.
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Introdução: O vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) é o ocasionador da progressão da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS). Gestantes soropositivas detém contraindicação para a lactação, pelo risco acrescido da transmissão vertical. A cessação da amamentação é crucial, visto que, embora o leite materno nutra diversos benefícios, tais como, anticorpos, células nucleadas e abundantes fontes de defesa e proteção aos neonatos, mulheres portadoras do vírus possuem o leite contaminado. Objetivo: identificar nas evidências científicas sobre mulheres HIV positivas e amamentação: uma revisão sobre o tema. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura que será realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Bases de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF) e Índice Bibliográfico Espanhol de Ciências da Saúde (IBECS) por meio do Portal da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), também será utilizado o banco de periódicos Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), através dos descritores hiv AND amamentação, gestantes soropositivas, nos idiomas português e inglês. Serão considerados critérios de inclusão: Artigos disponíveis em meio online, de livre acesso, nos idiomas inglês e português, entre os anos 2017 a 2022, que respondam à questão da pesquisa. Serão excluídos relatos de caso, revisões, monografia, dissertações, teses e editoriais. O instrumento de coleta conterá dados de autoria principal, o ano de publicação, periódico, idioma, local da realização de pesquisa, qualis do periódico, objetivo, método e análise das contraindicações da amamentação em gestantes soropositivas. A análise seguirá estrutura descritiva. Resultados: Verificou-se que, obstante dos neonatos nascerem saudáveis, por serem exclusos do aleitamento materno, os mesmos são desprotegidos a possíveis disfunções presentes nessa fase, tais como infecções sistêmicas devido ao enfraquecimento do sistema imunológico,por este motivo, torna-se indispensável o acompanhamento clínico com orientações referentes à saúde da criança. Conclusão: conclui-se que os bebês nascidos de mães soropositivas ao HIV, tem o sistema imunológico desfavorecido devido a não amamentação, buscando compensar a falta através da substituição por fórmulas semelhantes ao leite materno, visando amenizar o impacto causado no sistema imunológico devido a grande perca que é a não amamentação.
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Record Jr, Carlos R., Eduardo P. Petenasi, Carlos Eduardo Ribeiro, José R. Merlin, and Daniela F. Guilhermino Trindade. "Vidas Secas: Jogo Sério Para Ensino De Literatura." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbie.2023.233985.
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O interesse dos jovens pela literatura vem diminuindo ao longo do tempo, sendo substituído por outras formas de entretenimento. Com o objetivo de incentivar a leitura, foi desenvolvido um jogo sério educativo, adaptando uma obra importante da literatura brasileira, Vidas Secas. Para a construção do jogo, utilizou-se a metodologia de planejamento e desenvolvimento Design Thinking, envolvendo profissionais e usuários na aplicação do método. O protótipo final do jogo foi validado com uma turma de alunos do ensino médio, que constitui o público-alvo, e com professores de literatura. Os resultados, embora preliminares, foram positivos no sentido de agradar aos participantes.
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Souza, Franciely Alves de, Taciana Pontual Falcão, and Rafael Ferreira Mello. "O Ensino de Programação na Educação Básica: Uma Revisão da Literatura." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbie.2021.218461.
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A aprendizagem de programação envolve a compreensão de umasérie de teorias e práticas, que possibilitam o desenvolvimento de diversashabilidades. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o resultado de umarevisão da literatura referente a metodologias utilizadas e ferramentas queauxiliam no ensino de programação para crianças de forma lúdica, eenfatizando suas contribuições positivas para a educação básica e o ensinointerdisciplinar, onde os alunos se tornam aptos a resolver diferentes problemas por meio de conceitos computacionais.
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Dellal, A., Jean Jacques Boffa, Eric Rondeau, Pierre Yves Hatron, Christophe Deligny, Stephane Bally, Olivier Fain, Paul Coppo, and Arsène Mekinian. "AB0650 Thrombotic microangiopathy associated to anca-positives vasculitis: a french retrospective case control study and literature review." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2018, Amsterdam, 13–16 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.7467.
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Sevinç, Haktan, Eda Bozkurt, Serkan Künü, and Demet Eroğlu Sevinç. "Economic Growth-Migration Nexus: An Analysis Based on Developing Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01715.
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Relations between migration and economic growth have been shaped around both positivist and Non-positivist ideas in the economic literature. Approaches based on the Positivist argument mostly views the effect of migration on economic growth through the lens of human capital and brain drain while Non-positivist argument approaches the issue in terms of the negative effects of unqualified labor. On the other hand, increasing migration at the international level has been gaining importance since immigrants create socio-economic problems in both their native and destination countries. In this study, effects of migration, which constitutes and important problem both at the national and the international level, on economic growth were investigated in the light of these approaches. Relations between migration and economic growth in the developing countries were researched through panel data methods. According to the findings of the study, migration has a negative effect on economic growth. Therefore, it can be said that immigration of qualified human capital and brain drain has important consequences for the economic development of countries. This situation undoubtedly implies implementation of policies which directly affects the amount of investment to human capital.
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Menezes, Adalberto N., and Rodrigo D. Seabra. "Avaliação da Usabilidade de Ferramentas Educacionais Gamificadas: um Mapeamento Sistemático da Literatura." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbie.2023.234264.
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Esta pesquisa visa identificar métodos adotados na avaliação da usabilidade de ferramentas educacionais gamificadas por meio de um mapeamento sistemático da literatura. Os métodos mais utilizados foram escala SUS (System Usability Scale), teste com usuários e avaliação heurística. Embora as avaliações tenham sido positivas, pode-se destacar a importância desse procedimento em todos os estágios de desenvolvimento de software, visando garantir um produto com maior qualidade de uso. A principal contribuição do estudo consistiu na apresentação de um levantamento dos métodos utilizados na avaliação das ferramentas identificadas, podendo auxiliar pesquisadores na busca de procedimentos mais adequados às suas necessidades futuras no que tange à gamificação.
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Pereira, Eric, William Silva, Sandro Bezerra, and Josivaldo Araújo. "Análise de Métodos para o Tratamento de Arquivos Falso-Positivos a partir de Ferramentas de Recuperação de Dados Digitais: Uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura." In VIII Workshop de Forense Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wfc.2019.14018.
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O desenvolvimento da tecnologia tem gerado informações que precisam de armazenamento na forma de arquivos digitais, necessitando, assim, de dispositivos secundários. No entanto, esses arquivos podem ser deletados de forma intencional ou por acidente, motivando a sua recuperação. No processo de recuperação de dados em mídias digitais, além de recuperar os arquivos desejados, também são gerados arquivos denominados de falso-positivos. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar os resultados de uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura sobre a recuperação de dados digitais por meio de análise de ferramentas utilizadas nesse processo, bem como de técnicas e métodos usados no tratamento dos arquivos falso-positivos.
Reports on the topic "Positivism in literature"
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Levesque, Justine, Nathaniel Loranger, Carter Sehn, Shantel Johnson, and Jordan Babando. COVID-19 prevalence and infection control measures at homeless shelters and hostels in high-income countries: protocol for a scoping review. York University Libraries, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/10315/38513.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted people experiencing homelessness. Homeless shelters and hostels, as congregate living spaces for residents with many health vulnerabilities, are highly susceptible to outbreaks of COVID-19. A synthesis of the research-to-date can inform evidence-based practices for infection, prevention, and control strategies at these sites to reduce the prevalence of COVID-19 among both shelter/hostel residents and staff. Methods: A scoping review in accordance with Arksey and O’Malley’s framework will be conducted to identify literature reporting COVID-19 positivity rates among homeless shelter and hostel residents and staff, as well as infection control strategies to prevent outbreaks in these facilities. The focus will be on literature produced in high-income countries. Nine academic literature databases and 11 grey literature databases will be searched for literature from March 2020 to July 2021. Literature screening will be completed by two reviewers and facilitated by Covidence, a systematic review management platform. A third reviewer will be engaged to resolve disagreements and facilitate consensus. A narrative summary of the major themes identified in the literature, numerical counts of relevant data including the COVID-19 positivity rates, and recommendations for different infection control approaches will be produced. Discussion: The synthesis of the research generated on COVID-19 prevalence and prevention in homeless shelters and hostels will assist in establishing best practices to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and other airborne diseases at these facilities in high-income countries while identifying next steps to expand the existing evidence base.
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Canto, Patricia, ed. ¿Qué servicios son, como la industria, motores del crecimiento? Universidad de Deusto, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/npxd8044.
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La “teoría de los tres sectores” sostenía que el crecimiento económico va estrechamente ligado al cambio en la composición sectorial de la economía, pero consideraba los servicios como un sector residual, compuesto por un conjunto muy heterogéneo de actividades. La aparición de definiciones positivas de los servicios y el desarrollo de clasificaciones de estos permitió superar la plena contraposición, conceptual y evolutiva, entre industria y servicios. El desarrollo de clasificaciones internacionales de actividades económicas, sucesivamente revisadas, permitió operacionalizar estas categorías y la comparativa internacional. A partir de una profunda revisión de la literatura teórica y empírica que ha tratado de estas cuestiones, este documento persigue identificar cuáles son las características que posibilitan que un sector económico desempeñe un papel de motor de crecimiento y qué tipo de servicios, al presentarlas, debían ser considerados como objetivo de las políticas industriales. De esa manera, la completa revisión y sistematización de la literatura llevada a cabo y la delimitación del nuevo perímetro industrial que se propone, además de ser relevante para la academia, presenta un interés y aplicación directa para las políticas públicas.
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Castillo, María José, Carlos Carpio, Ana R. Rios, Manuel García, and Juan M. Murguía. El Covid-19 y las innovaciones en sistemas agroalimentarios de América Latina y el Caribe. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005015.
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La cadena de suministro agroalimentaria de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) se destaca por su resiliencia a la pandemia de COVID-19, y se han realizado múltiples estudios para analizar los impactos diferenciales de la pandemia entre empresas y sectores. Se sabe menos sobre las estrategias implementadas para la continuidad del negocio durante este evento catastrófico. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar las respuestas hacia las innovaciones de la cadena de suministro agroalimentaria de ALC ante la emergencia sanitaria del COVID-19 utilizando datos recopilados de agronegocios de 22 países de ALC. El estudio contribuye a la literatura al analizar de manera integral las respuestas de las empresas a lo largo de las cadenas agroalimentarias de ALC, y también es una de las primeras evaluaciones cuantitativas a más largo plazo, ya que considera las respuestas del primer y segundo año de la pandemia. Los resultados de nuestras dos encuestas muestran que más del 70% de los agronegocios implementaron innovaciones, lo que revela reacciones positivas y rápidas de las empresas. Aunque la mayoría de las innovaciones fueron a más largo plazo, en muchos casos las innovaciones fueron solo temporales. Los análisis estadísticos sugieren que la probabilidad de implementar innovaciones a más largo plazo está asociada con el sector agroalimentario, el eslabón de la cadena, recibir apoyo público o privado continuo, tener acceso a crédito, y perspectivas futuras positivas sobre las condiciones comerciales.
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García Carpio, Juan Manuel. Estimación del impacto del uso de las TIC y de la inversión en I&D sobre la productividad de las empresas manufactureras en Perú. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004588.
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El trabajo estima el efecto del uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) y de la inversión en Investigación y Desarrollo (I&D) sobre la productividad total de factores (PTF) de las empresas de mayor tamaño en la industria manufacturera peruana entre 2016 y 2018, usando datos de panel de la Encuesta Económica Anual (EEA). Primero, se revisa aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos de la estimación de la PTF a nivel de empresas enfatizando los métodos econométricos modernos que enfrentan los problemas de endogeneidad que afectaban a los métodos tradicionales, y se analiza estimaciones previas de la PTF a nivel empresarial para Perú. También, se revisa la literatura, sobre todo empírica, relativa al impacto del uso de TIC sobre la productividad empresarial, y al efecto de la innovación mediante inversión en I&D, incluyendo la evidencia disponible para Perú. Luego, se estima el logaritmo de la PTF mediante distintos métodos, seleccionándose el método de Levinsohn y Petrin con corrección por atrittion (salida de empresas del panel). Se explora la relación entre esta PTF estimada y características de las empresas y el uso de las TIC. Posteriormente, se estima los efectos de la intensidad de la inversión en I&D y del uso de las TIC sobre la PTF utilizando el planteamiento del modelo estándar CDM. Para ello, se estima los determinantes de la inversión en I&D y de su nivel mediante un modelo de corrección del sesgo de selección (Heckman), y se predice la intensidad de esta inversión (valor entre monto de salarios). Respecto al uso de las TIC, se construye índices sintéticos mediante análisis factorial (por la correlación entre las variables disponibles). Además, la estimación incluye mark-up estimados para cada empresa. Los resultados indican que la inversión en I&D tendría un efecto positivo estadísticamente significativo sobre la PTF de las empresas manufactureras. En contraste, no se encuentra un efecto claro del uso de las TIC, aunque sí se halla efectos positivos estadísticamente significativos para variables específicas como el uso de extranet y, en menor medida, el uso de red local. Este tipo de hallazgos mixtos para las TIC podría deberse a que la muestra utilizada proviene de empresas de mayor tamaño. Por ello, resulta importante realizar estudios específicos del uso de distintas TIC enfocados en diferentes segmentos de empresas, a fin de generar evidencia rigurosa de su impacto según características heterogéneas, como el tamaño empresarial.
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Newman-Toker, David E., Susan M. Peterson, Shervin Badihian, Ahmed Hassoon, Najlla Nassery, Donna Parizadeh, Lisa M. Wilson, et al. Diagnostic Errors in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer258.
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Objectives. Diagnostic errors are a known patient safety concern across all clinical settings, including the emergency department (ED). We conducted a systematic review to determine the most frequent diseases and clinical presentations associated with diagnostic errors (and resulting harms) in the ED, measure error and harm frequency, as well as assess causal factors. Methods. We searched PubMed®, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL®), and Embase® from January 2000 through September 2021. We included research studies and targeted grey literature reporting diagnostic errors or misdiagnosis-related harms in EDs in the United States or other developed countries with ED care deemed comparable by a technical expert panel. We applied standard definitions for diagnostic errors, misdiagnosis-related harms (adverse events), and serious harms (permanent disability or death). Preventability was determined by original study authors or differences in harms across groups. Two reviewers independently screened search results for eligibility; serially extracted data regarding common diseases, error/harm rates, and causes/risk factors; and independently assessed risk of bias of included studies. We synthesized results for each question and extrapolated U.S. estimates. We present 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) or plausible range (PR) bounds, as appropriate. Results. We identified 19,127 citations and included 279 studies. The top 15 clinical conditions associated with serious misdiagnosis-related harms (accounting for 68% [95% CI 66 to 71] of serious harms) were (1) stroke, (2) myocardial infarction, (3) aortic aneurysm and dissection, (4) spinal cord compression and injury, (5) venous thromboembolism, (6/7 – tie) meningitis and encephalitis, (6/7 – tie) sepsis, (8) lung cancer, (9) traumatic brain injury and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, (10) arterial thromboembolism, (11) spinal and intracranial abscess, (12) cardiac arrhythmia, (13) pneumonia, (14) gastrointestinal perforation and rupture, and (15) intestinal obstruction. Average disease-specific error rates ranged from 1.5 percent (myocardial infarction) to 56 percent (spinal abscess), with additional variation by clinical presentation (e.g., missed stroke average 17%, but 4% for weakness and 40% for dizziness/vertigo). There was also wide, superimposed variation by hospital (e.g., missed myocardial infarction 0% to 29% across hospitals within a single study). An estimated 5.7 percent (95% CI 4.4 to 7.1) of all ED visits had at least one diagnostic error. Estimated preventable adverse event rates were as follows: any harm severity (2.0%, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6), any serious harms (0.3%, PR 0.1 to 0.7), and deaths (0.2%, PR 0.1 to 0.4). While most disease-specific error rates derived from mainly U.S.-based studies, overall error and harm rates were derived from three prospective studies conducted outside the United States (in Canada, Spain, and Switzerland, with combined n=1,758). If overall rates are generalizable to all U.S. ED visits (130 million, 95% CI 116 to 144), this would translate to 7.4 million (PR 5.1 to 10.2) ED diagnostic errors annually; 2.6 million (PR 1.1 to 5.2) diagnostic adverse events with preventable harms; and 371,000 (PR 142,000 to 909,000) serious misdiagnosis-related harms, including more than 100,000 permanent, high-severity disabilities and 250,000 deaths. Although errors were often multifactorial, 89 percent (95% CI 88 to 90) of diagnostic error malpractice claims involved failures of clinical decision-making or judgment, regardless of the underlying disease present. Key process failures were errors in diagnostic assessment, test ordering, and test interpretation. Most often these were attributed to inadequate knowledge, skills, or reasoning, particularly in “atypical” or otherwise subtle case presentations. Limitations included use of malpractice claims and incident reports for distribution of diseases leading to serious harms, reliance on a small number of non-U.S. studies for overall (disease-agnostic) diagnostic error and harm rates, and methodologic variability across studies in measuring disease-specific rates, determining preventability, and assessing causal factors. Conclusions. Although estimated ED error rates are low (and comparable to those found in other clinical settings), the number of patients potentially impacted is large. Not all diagnostic errors or harms are preventable, but wide variability in diagnostic error rates across diseases, symptoms, and hospitals suggests improvement is possible. With 130 million U.S. ED visits, estimated rates for diagnostic error (5.7%), misdiagnosis-related harms (2.0%), and serious misdiagnosis-related harms (0.3%) could translate to more than 7 million errors, 2.5 million harms, and 350,000 patients suffering potentially preventable permanent disability or death. Over two-thirds of serious harms are attributable to just 15 diseases and linked to cognitive errors, particularly in cases with “atypical” manifestations. Scalable solutions to enhance bedside diagnostic processes are needed, and these should target the most commonly misdiagnosed clinical presentations of key diseases causing serious harms. New studies should confirm overall rates are representative of current U.S.-based ED practice and focus on identified evidence gaps (errors among common diseases with lower-severity harms, pediatric ED errors and harms, dynamic systems factors such as overcrowding, and false positives). Policy changes to consider based on this review include: (1) standardizing measurement and research results reporting to maximize comparability of measures of diagnostic error and misdiagnosis-related harms; (2) creating a National Diagnostic Performance Dashboard to track performance; and (3) using multiple policy levers (e.g., research funding, public accountability, payment reforms) to facilitate the rapid development and deployment of solutions to address this critically important patient safety concern.
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Campos, Nicolás, and Manuel Urquidi. Políticas activas de mercado laboral en Bolivia: impacto del Programa de Apoyo al Empleo II. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012861.
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Las Políticas Activas de Mercado laboral son un conjunto de instrumentos de política pública que buscan fomentar la integración laboral, especialmente la de grupos con bajos niveles de empleabilidad e ingresos. La evidencia señala que estas políticas han sido efectivas en fomentar el acceso a empleos de calidad en Latinoamérica y el Caribe (Urzúa & Puentes, 2010; Card et al., 2010, 2018; Escudero, 2018; Escudero et al., 2019; Carranza & Mckenzie, 2023). El Programa de Apoyo al Empleo (PAE II), implementado por el Servicio Plurinacional de Empleo (SPE) bajo el Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Previsión Social (MTEPS) y apoyado por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) desde 2010, forma parte de este tipo de políticas. Analizamos el impacto del PAE II sobre el empleo, empleo en unidades económicas formales e ingresos mensuales en Bolivia. Optamos por un enfoque cuasi-experimental debido a la naturaleza no aleatoria de la asignación de participantes al programa: el acceso al programa es universal y la selección de candidatos desde las listas elaboradas por el SPE es discrecional por parte de las empresas. Para identificar el impacto causal del programa, combinamos datos de encuestas a beneficiarios y no beneficiarios, con una estrategia empírica que recurre a extensiones de los modelos de diferencias en diferencias. El uso de esta estrategia de estimación radica en que para ver si el programa realmente tiene un impacto sobre ingresos y empleo, no podemos simplemente comparar los ingresos o el empleo de quienes participaron en el PAE II con los que no lo hicieron, ya que puede haber muchas otras diferencias entre estos dos grupos que afecten los resultados. Aquí es donde necesitamos un contrafactual: una estimación de la historia laboral que habrían seguido los participantes del PAE en caso de que no hubieran participado en el programa. El modelo de diferencias en diferencias, bajo ciertos supuestos, nos permite estimar el contrafactual, y así poder identificar el impacto causal que tuvo el programa sobre quienes participaron en él. Encontramos que la participación en el PAE II que ofrece intermediación laboral, subsidio directo y capacitación en planta durante tres meses aumenta la probabilidad de obtener un empleo en 14 pp. siendo este efecto más fuerte en mujeres (14,8 pp.) en comparación con los hombres (14 pp.). En términos de empleo en unidades económicas formales, la tasa de empleo aumenta 14,9 pp. siendo mayor en mujeres (14,9 pp) que en hombres (14,3 pp.). Los ingresos mensuales de los beneficiarios activos aumentarán entre un 9,5 %. Este efecto es mayor en mujeres, con un aumento en los ingresos de un 11,7 % en comparación con un 8,1 % en hombres. El impacto del PAE II es especialmente fuerte en el corto plazo y decreciente en el tiempo, no obstante, tiene un impacto positivo y significativo tanto para empleo como ingresos hasta 24 meses después de haber iniciado el programa. Los resultados indican que el PAE II ha logrado reducir efectivamente las barreras de acceso al mercado laboral formal en Bolivia y ha mejorado la trayectoria de ingresos de los beneficiarios. Esto se manifiesta en un aumento en la probabilidad de conseguir empleo en unidades económicas formales y una mejora en los ingresos mensuales, lo que refleja un incremento en la productividad de los beneficiarios activos. Dicho aumento en productividad se alinea con el componente de capacitación en planta del programa. Estos hallazgos son coherentes con evaluaciones anteriores del programa que también sugieren impactos positivos en los beneficiarios, especialmente en empleo (Novella & Valencia, 2022). Nuestros hallazgos están en línea con la literatura que señala que los programas de capacitación bien diseñados, focalizados y con incentivos adecuados tienden a generar mejoras sostenibles en los resultados laborales, especialmente en grupos que tradicionalmente tienen restringido el acceso al mercado laboral.