Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Positivisme juridique'
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Zhiyong, Wang. "Le positivisme juridique dans la Chine ancienne." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100136.
Full textAfter have retraced the historical contexts of the birth and the development of legalism, author analyse at first, the philosophical foundation of legalism that is composed of four elements : the empirical epistemology, the postulate of bad human nature, the evolutionism and amoralism. Secondly, author analyse the principles of the legalism from the point of view of general theory of law. Opposed to confucianism, who is build on the moral, the legalism is built upon the law and the sanction, and disregard the morals principles ; the legalism confirm the primacy of the positive law that is the only foundation of social order, and make the law become the essential technique of power. In the final party, author make the comparatives studies on the legalism and the confucianism, on the legalism and the legal positivism, for demonstrating that legalism may be considered one of the legal positivism insofar as legalism is the theory of state of law acceding to which the law is ensemble of the rules supported by the sanction of severe punishment and of the recompense, the validity of the positive law is independent of the moral and of the religion. By contraires, the legalism is ignorant of the epistemological origin established by the european thought between the moral and the law
Bligh, Grégory. "Les bases philosophiques du positivisme juridique de H.L.A. Hart." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020076.
Full textThis thesis bears on the implicit epistemology and methodological considerations underlying the legal philosophy of H.L.A. Hart (1907-1992), the major representative of XXth century legal positivism in the English speaking world, and Oxford chair of jurisprudence (1952-1968). His work remains little known in France.We will seek to answer the view that Hart might not really have been durably influenced by ordinary language philosophy. We will address these questions by examining a corpus of earlier (overlooked) articles which he published as a young Oxford linguistic philosopher. This “early work” consists of the articles which Hart published before he in was elected to the Oxford chair of jurisprudence. Our view is that the work in general philosophy which he did in this early period is crucial to understand some of the positions which he defends in his legal writings. This thesis will thus show that Hart was active in the epistemological debate opposing the Oxford philosophers and the British representatives of logical atomism and logical empiricism. It will also show that these early positions are carried over into his later jurisprudence, including his major work The Concept of Law (1961).Shedding light on these philosophical foundations of Hart’s legal theory will ultimately allow us to reconstruct the debate opposing his own “analytical positivism” and Continental forms of positivism, such as Hans Kelsen’s normativism or Alf Ross Scandinavian legal realism. It will also allow us to draw important parallels between Hartian legal theory and that of the francophone philosopher Chaïm Perelman
Van, Ouwerkerk Sebastiaan. "Penser les formes d’État : un état de la pensée publiciste française." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10002/document.
Full textTerreaux, Claude. "Sortir du positivisme juridique aujourd'hui : la solution de Jean Domat." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040091.
Full textThis doctoral thesis aims to demonstrate that the conception of the law developed by Jean Domat (1625-1696) constitutes an alternative to legal positivism, which is the dominant approach today. Legal positivism impedes any philosophical interrogation; it was unable to oppose totalitarian excesses, and it contributes to the multiplication of texts, which disrupts social cohesion. A theory of the law today should be pervasive and easy to conceptualize. This theory needs to be action-oriented. It needs to inspire all spheres of the Law, be it private law or public law, and should be designed to place all rules imposed by the government under the complete control of the members and leaders of society. This thought should be shareable by everyone, regardless of creed, religion and opinion, hence avoiding communautarian criticism. Moreover, this theory needs to be the result of an examination of the Law itself rather than being deducted from an imposed doctrine. It needs to be able to stand in the way of political abuses and be logical in its developments to be accepted. Jean Domat discovered that the Law is inspired by two principles: “we shall not do to others what we would not like others do to us; we shall do to others what we would like others do to us”. Both principles are in line with the above-mentioned criteria. Jean Domat reconstructs and presents both private law and public law, and shows that they are organized according to these two principles. He presents the whole of private law and demonstrates that the details of the legal relationships between private individuals are all be governed by these two principles. He also shows that they can and should inspire the political action of the Prince. The Prince does not have any particular status: he is subjected to these requirements, as everybody else. Finally, Jean Domat postulates that a subject does not have to obey a law that is not in conformity with these principles. In this doctoral thesis, I show that his thought, that has been forgotten, is highly original for his time. It is also of high relevance in contemporary debate, as it can help us give some new meaning to the law. sunti as doles dolorisintur a consedi de voluptatur molorporum audae voluptio perferovid quiaerferum aut digendus consedi
Brunet, Pierre. "Le concept de représentation dans la théorie de l'État." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100136.
Full textIn most of the theoretical constitutional discussions, the concept of representation is treated as fiction because it is assumed that no one could represent another if the first doesn't behave exactly like the second does. Though, to say that an assembly represents people is either, at the best, an erroneous statement that legal science should correct or, at the worst, a lie or an ideology that every one should get rid of. But never comes the question why legal (or constitutional) systems use such concept like representation. That such a question is never asked is for the less amazing from legal theory and, above all, from positivist legal theory (normativist or realistic). Indeed, it is supposed to describe positive law so we should expect that it also describes the use of certain concepts like representation. The fact that postivist legal theory stays far from that concept proceeds from a value judgement which is obviously in contradiction with the purely descriptive methodology. Another position seems possible and would be founded on that simple constatation that legal systems do use concept of representation so the relevant point is then to understand why. It's then necessary to turn classical theoretical question upside down and instead of looking for the legal norms that should be deduced from theory of representation we are concerned with the theory of representation that legal norms need. The method is kelsenian and positivist. The point is not to suggest a new theory of representation but to describe the theory of representation that any legal system produces. The theoretical assumption is that legal systems do not only contain norms but also justifications of these norms (ideologies) that a positivist description must take in account - which doesn't mean that it takes it at face value. The enquiry starts with the end of the old regime, gives a large extent to the french revolution and a shorter to the modern period (the fifth republic is included)
Stylianidis, Nicholas. "Les fondements épistémologiques du positivisme analytique : vers une théorie du droit préinstitutionnelle." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100068.
Full textThe thesis examines the epistemological foundations of analytical positivism, i. E. The internal and logical coherence of analytical legal positivism. Analytical legal positivism insists on the separation of law and morality and on the social sources of law. At the same time, according to this theory, a particular importance and emphasis should be given to the study of legal concepts and language. After a systematization of the components (both methodological and substantive) of this theory, the thesis identifies its internal inconsistencies and tries to reconstruct the theory of meaning of legal statements according to an extended interpretation of the presuppositions of analytical legal positivism. This reconstruction cannot offer an adequate solution to the problems of this theory: the social sources thesis of law is methodologically implausible and is not compatible with the normativity thesis of legal positivism, that insists on the normative character of law. Consequently, the thesis stetches an alternative theory of law and suggests that the sources of law are pre-institutional and that the meaning of legal statements is also pre-conventional and referential
Cottereau, Marc. "La séparation entre droit et morale : analyse d'une thèse constitutive du positivisme juridique." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10036.
Full textLe résumé en anglais n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur
Giroux, Michel. "Enseigner la common law en français : réquisitoire à l'encontre d'un monopole du positivisme juridique." Acfas-Sudbury, 2005. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/64.
Full textHardy, Hugo. "Postures et impostures du juspositivisme : Une histoire critique de la notion de positivisme juridique dans la littérature savante anglo-saxonne, XIXe-XXe siècles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28201/28201.pdf.
Full textLerman-Enriquez, Alix. "Esthétique et méthodologie juridique formaliste : pour un symbolisme esthétique appliqué au droit." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100177.
Full textBrunet, Pierre Troper Michel. "Vouloir pour la nation : le concept de représentation dans la théorie de l'État /." [Mont-Saint-Aignan] : Paris : [Bruxelles] : Publications de l'Université de Rouen ; LGDJ ; Bruylant, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39914906w.
Full textDurr, Margarete. "La notion de pertinence en traduction juridique bidirectionnelle français-allemand." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAC036/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the question of the intelligibility of legal translation for a legal practitioner. Our working hypothesis is that the failure of the legal translation is explained by the lack of relevance of the translation for its user. To shed light on this aspect, an interdisciplinary approach is adopted. Methodologically, we start from the criticism of the notion of equivalence and the conception of translation as a search for equivalents. Our state of the art is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the relevance theory of Sperber and Wilson. The second part describes the treatment of relevance in information science. The third part presents the theory of relevance and the theory of knowledge developed by sociologist Alfred Schütz. Our corpus includes 145 French-German texts used as a basis for contrasts analyses. In the personal contribution, we propose a definition of relevance and its conditions in translation. Finally, a practical method of translation based on the notions of relevance and usage is outlined
Shahabi, Mahdi. "L'interpénétration du droit privé et du droit public : une approche transpositiviste du Droit." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT4008.
Full textThe study of the interpenetration of the Public Law and the Private Law corresponds to the end of the Law and its evolutions, but to the end issued from the transpositivist approach of the base of the legal rule, an approach which removes neither the individual nor the State. Thus, our study is a study about the general theory of the Law. However, this theory tries to find its practical effects in the social, economic and political evolutions. That is why the evolution of the individualistic society to the assurancielle society is taken into account
Zhu, Mingzhe. "Le droit naturel dans la doctrine civiliste de 1880 à 1940." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0005/document.
Full textIf “natural law” is understood as a set of principles, legal or moral, that is eternal, immutable and universal, human understandings of this idea never cease to change in different time and location. These understandings, existing in form of discourse, enters into the interaction in context and circumstance. The dissertation examines the usages of natural law in the Third French Republic. It argues that French jurists use the idea of universal and ideal law as the response to socio-political issues: the establishment of republican regime and its anticlericalism, the rise of social sciences and social problems, and the construction of an international order after the WWI. Their responses, in turn, enrich the conceptions of natural law: metaphysically secular justifications of natural law are made by lawyers who are deeply catholic. This old idea is made compatible with social progress, and the universalism and idealism consisted in this idea are used to serve the patriotic cause
Sievers, Juliele Maria. "A philosophical reading of legal positivism." Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30017/document.
Full textThe present work offers an original approach on the legal notions developed by Hans Kelsen in his attempts towards a “pure” theory of Law, based on a philosophical analysis of the main legal concepts that have a strong philosophical feature, namely those notions which are somehow “shared” between the two fields in their name, but not always in their meaning. While the most striking notion to be approached via a philosophical perspective would probably be that of legal validity (since validity is a central term also in Logic), we aim, in the same way, to approach the notions of legal fictions, the notion of science in Law, normative conflicts or “contradictions” as they are commonly – and wrongly – named, and the rule of inference as it is applied in the context of normative creation, giving place to the wrong notion of practical reasoning. The notion of practical reasoning is very rich in this context of comparison, and will be a special one, as it serves for us to analyze traditional problems of legal theory, such as Jørgensen’s dilemma, as well as it offers us the opportunity of providing our own alternative of a logical treatment of the process of legal justification of the creation of a norm. We aim to analyze the notion of legal and logical conditions as well, which represent a changing in Kelsen’s perspective on the utility and legitimacy of the application of logic to the legal domain. Such a comparative study, even if it appears to be fundamental for clarifying those notions in their respective fields, is a task never before developed in this systematic manner. The objective of such a study is to provide a clear overview of the boundaries between the fields of philosophy (especially logic) and the legal norms. A clear understanding of the relations between those “homonym” notions may explain why they are most of the time misused when philosophers talk about law, as well as when lawyers try to justify the concepts composing the legal theory.The context of this study is the legal positivism as it is explained by the legal-philosopher Hans Kelsen. This choice is justified by the fact that Kelsen’s legal theory appears to be the most suitable frame for an analytical, logic-oriented investigation. The work emphasized will be the General Theory of Norms (1979), mainly because of the fact that this book represents how intensively Kelsen dedicated himself to the legal problems mostly related to philosophy or logic, namely the question of the application of logic to norms and the clarification of problematic notions such as the basic norm as a fiction or, still, the notion of modally indifferent substrate
Khalessi, Mohsen. "Les conflits de politique criminelle : l'exemple de l'Iran." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010261.
Full textPina, Sandrine. "Des Origines de la pensée de Hans Kelsen à sa réception en France : (Contribution à une épistémologie juridique)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF10002.
Full textFrom the publication of the Main Problems in the Theory of the Public Law in 1911 to the General Theory of Norms (published six years after hier death), Hans Kelsen’s (1881-1973) influence in the field of legal philosophy and legal theory is unrivalled. Kelsen’s first investigation was to demonstrate that the pure theory of law is science. This science is pure, independante, and constitues its own object with a methodological and rigorous approach. This research of a purely structural analysis is still the most achieved at this time. This study intends to be a conceptual reconstruction of the kelsenian theory based on two axes. First represented here are the interpretations of the kelsenian theory in its philosophical and legal context (as reconstructed form the kantian and neokantian philosophy as well as the german traditional legal theory) and its confrontation with the German and Austrian theories of public law. Thus, we examinated the reception and interpretation of the kelsenian fundamental concepts in French legal theory. These two points of view reflect modernity and remarkable influence of the kelsenian legal science
Bouchard, Kevin. "Aux origines conceptuelles du constitutionnalisme de common law contemporain : l’influence de la conception classique de la common law sur la théorie juridique de Wilfrid Waluchow." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020051.
Full textThis work offers a general interpretation of the theory of law and the theory of judicial review of Canadian contemporary author Wilfrid Waluchow, through the study of their relation to classical common law jurisprudence. The preliminary section offers a summary of classical common law jurisprudence and of Thomas Hobbes’s critique of classical common law jurisprudence, and shows how they define two opposite ways of conceptualizing law that still underlie contemporary jurisprudence. The first section studies how the jurisprudence of H. L. A. Hart and of Ronald Dworkin, which directly inspire Wilfrid Waluchow’s theory of law, relate to classical common law jurisprudence. It shows how Hart, with his concept of secondary rules, moves legal positivism closer to classical common law’s customary understanding of the law and how Dworkin defines the common law approach otherwise, by proposing an interpretive method concentrating on the argumentative character of law.The second section studies Wilfrid Waluchow’s inclusive legal positivism and his common law theory of judicial review. It shows how Wilfrid Waluchow’s effort to reconcile Hart’s theory of the law with Dworkin’s jurisprudence, notably through the idea of constitutional morality, leads him to develop an understanding of the law which has important affinities with classical common law jurisprudence
Mazabraud, Bertrand. "De la juridicité : approche de phénoménologie herméneutique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT5009.
Full textAlthough everyone uses law in their daily life, no one seems to agree on juridicity. To approach juridicity, hermeneutic phenomenology, as practiced by Ricoeur, provides valuable milestones. On the one hand, hermeneutic phenomenology allows a dialogue with the positivist theories with the purpose of better explaining the structure of law, its objects (norms, institutions) and sequencing, though positivism remains incapable of explaining what establishes or authorizes such a structure (I). On the other, juridicity can be approached through its linguistic and hermeneutical modalities. In fact, law is the formulation of priority social meanings which, to be applied must be constantly amended and enriched. Legal hermeneutics is therefore understood as the dialectics between the invention of the fairest solution and its acceptability as per the existing law. However, if the legal reason is better understood, it cannot, on its own, validate the existence of a normative statement. To do that, it also requires the conventional device which enables to say what is law. Thus, whereas normativism leads to a primacy of law, legal hermeneutics lead to the primacy of the judge though the former presupposes the latter and vice versa (II). At the end, Ricoeur's philosophical hermeneutics brings back juridicity to the paradoxes of politics and ethics. Under political paradox, law is the means by which a historic community acquires the ability to decide. It is, thus, endowed with the authority to allow the sustainability of the concert of action which is at the heart of this community's existence. In the eyes of justice, on the other hand, law is understood as the exception that one can oppose to the indefinite solicitude which one owes to one's fellows. Hence the reason for the validity of the established legal statements is based on the tragedy of action, and can be understood as a presumption of moral and political validity (III)
Lacroix, Sébastien. "Étude philosophique du renversement juridique canadien concernant l'aide médicale à mourir, à la lumière du débat Hart-Dworkin." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27253.
Full textOn February 6th 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada issued an anonymous, unanimous landmark judgment. In Carter v. Canada (Attorney General), the Court recognized that a blanket prohibition of physician-assisted dying violates the constitutional rights of certain individuals. Indeed, a competent adult person should be allowed to seek help from a doctor to end her life if she meets two criteria: clearly consent to the termination of life and have a grievous and irremediable medical condition causing enduring suffering that is intolerable to the said individual. This legal decision constitutes an judicial overrule, because a reverse judgment was made in 1993. In fact, twenty-two years ago, the Supreme Court ruled five to four in favour of the ban on assisted suicide. In Rodriguez v. British Columbia (Attorney General), the majority ruled that the protection of the sanctity of life in all circumstances, both for vulnerable people for capable adults, was reason enough not to invalidate the sections of the Criminal Code concerned with assisted suicide. The majority then feared that any opening to assisted suicide would cause a gradual widening of the eligibility criteria, what many have called the argument of the “slippery slope”. As part of this thesis, the Rodriguez-Carter judicial overrule will be analyzed in light of the debate between H. L. A. Hart and Ronald Dworkin. While the former is known for his defence of a new version of soft positivism, the latter offers a new and innovative theory, named interpretivism. The goal is simple: to establish which of these two theories best explains the Canadian legal overrule regarding physician-assisted dying. The initial hypothesis is that both theories may explain said reversal, but one will do so better than the other.
Bertrand, Nicolas. "L'encadrement normatif de la détention dans les camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes." Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOD003.
Full textThe object of this thesis is to study the normative framework of concentration camp internment. The term ‘normative framework’ refers to the rules and procedures established and applied by the concentration camp administrations and which governed the internment of those prisoners in Nazi concentration camps. Our study is pragmatic. It is based primarily on the analysis of concentration camps’ administrative archives: the rules and procedures issued by central administrations concerning the internment of prisoners and their application, mainly at the Buchenwald camp.This approach demonstrates that the period of internment was not characteristically arbitrary. Rather, it occurred in accordance with a normative framework with specific characteristics. Despite formal imperfections due to their specific foundation in the Führer’s Will (Führerwille), concentration camp rules and procedures governed the inmate’s entire internment: contacts with the outside, punishment, forced labor and death. The participation of SS members, or employees of firms using detainee labor or even detainees themselves, was carried out in accordance with a normative framework. This explains in part why the various actors, believing their actions grounded in and justified by this pseudo-legal framework, took part in camp operations
Kervégan, Jean-François. "Dialectique et positivité : Hegel, Carl Schmitt et l'effectivité du politique." Lyon 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO31014.
Full textThe debate between philosophical speculation and positive rationality, which started in the nineteenth century, is analysed here in the field of the theory of the law and the state. The study is based upon the works of hegel and carl schmitt (1888-1985). The first part rebuilds the "metaphysics of the positivity" which underlies the decisionistic conception of the law, the politics and the state, which is developed by schmitt. The "total state" is emphazised as being the central topic of this thought which claims to be the systematic inversion of the "liberal metaphysics". The second part, based on schmitt's judgment that ambiguity is characteristic of hegelianism, explores the comparison between the thoughts of both authors. Their thoughts are essentially different, even when their arguments are very similar. The distorded reflection of hegel's philosophy of the mind in schmitt's decisionism allows use to clarified the sense and the goal of the first one regarding crucial points : the relation between war and politics, the problematical fonction of a state of nature, the relation between civil society and state, the nature and the role of the political representation. Decisionism must be considered as the reverse of the dialectical rationality whose ambiguity it claims
Verdier, Pierre. "Penser le droit avec Camus, ou le droit de l'Homme révolté." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR037.
Full textOur aim is to show that the principle of the axiological neutrality of judges and therefore of their judgment, of revolutionary origin, has had the effect of reducing the law to the rank of a pure and simple instrument of political power; a power whose existence – and therefore that of its law (its "positivity") – fundamentally depends on the effective possession of force. That situation is the consequence of an ideological choice which positivism, de facto the dominant theory in law faculties, has endorsed with a pseudo “scientific” validity. As a result, the vast majority of jurists have long since ceased to wonder about "the Legal being". According to jurists, such a question can only be of interest to theoreticians or philosophers whose speculations have in fact nothing to do with the only true law: that produced by the competent political authorities (according to their law), the application of which can be effectively ensured. And for judges, "to interpret the law" can have no other meaning than to apply as faithfully as possible that law which, in passing from its place of political production into their hands, has purportedly been shed of all moral or ethical content. A law which, for those who implement it, is therefore an object void of any mystery, in accordance with what they have been taught, of "immediate evidence". How indeed can we doubt what the law is, whether one is a specialist in law or even a simple litigant, when State standards are omnipresent and followed by indisputable effects on our minds and bodies? That evidence is in fact misleading and prejudicial in that it hinders any critical reflection. For what professional jurists as a whole believe they know, and what judges "hold" in "interpreting the law" is nothing other, under that name, than a political will in its normative form. For it to be otherwise, for the Law to exist as an autonomous object and discipline, judges, who are the only other possible source of normative legitimacy in the citystate, must open up the law and its function to another dimension than its purely political basis, which is necessary but insufficient. And it is in search of this openness to which legal thought leads with Camus, the philosopher of the meaning of human existence with which the law, created by the people for the people in order to regulate their social behavior, sanely can do no more than integrate. With the author of The Rebel, that openness must be seen as a certain form of confrontation with political power, and as a constant concern for balance; necessarily under strain, but which does not exclude the pursuit of a certain harmony, of a vision of the Law as an art of living together. An issue which Camus, philosopher and artist, in the last chapter of his essay, addresses with "Mediterranean Thought"
Colliot, Julie. "Le rôle du juriste en droit des personnes et de la famille." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G036.
Full textLaw of Persons and Family generates passionate discussions on the role of jurist. Compensations for children born handicapped, the opening of marriagetosame-sex couples, or surrogacy carried out abroad, represent authentic “practical cases of philosophy of law” that allow them to take a stand, in opposite directions, on the place of the law and the role of legal professionals in society. This classic epistemological question has been substantially renewed by contemporary political and legal developments. The aim of this study is to provide a critical and constructive perspective to the discussion. Philosophical or sociological doctrines challenging or minimizing the legality of the rules governing personal or family life must be rejected and law of Persons and Family specificities must be considered. In this respect, the ancestral dispute between ‘naturalists’ and ‘positivists’, duly summoned to reflect on contemporary debates, hardly echoes the reality of the role of the lawyer in this matter.This deficiency invites us to take a new look at the hidden role of the jurist in the law of persons and family: the committed intellectual one. The jurist’s useful stand, that he should not fear, has consequences on his training and duties.It also helps to consider in a new light the borders of law, morality and politics, the right or the fair appearing as the hyphen, the mediator, between ethics and politics, and between the good and the useful
Juillet-Regis, Hélène. "La force obligatoire du contrat, réflexion sur l'intérêt au contrat." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020034.
Full textThe binding force of the contract has a universal effect. This consensus contrasts sharply with the debates that affect the rules governing the binding force : what is the basis of contract ? Should the “cause” and the subject matter (“l’objet”) of the contract remain conditions of its validity ? How to adapt the protection of the consent to standard form contracts ? Should the regime against unfair contract terms be part of ordinary law ? What role should “good faith” play ? What role should the judge play ? Should we accept judicial revision for unforeseeability ? What role should objective interpretation play ? What importance should article 1135 of the French Civil Code have ? What sanctions should be associated to the termination of contract ? Is there a hierarchy between these sanctions ? How to reconcile the proliferation of the exceptions to the principle of intangibility of contract and the overall consistency of the binding force ? To all of these questions, among others, the study intends to answer by uncovering the link that ties together consistently all the rules on the binding force: the point to the contract, which refers to the essential (and “essentialized”) elements that are key to the consent of the parties. Structured around this link, the binding force promotes and ensures the protection of the point to the contract, pursuant to the utilitarian and the social functions assigned to it. Being both the basis and the measure of the binding force, the point to the contract unifies the body of law that governs it
Ovalle, Diaz Nelson Arturo. "La production pluraliste du droit transnational contemporain." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32127.
Full textBarry, Mohamed. "La théorie des nullités dans la doctrine après le Code civil." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30048/document.
Full textCan we speak of a theory of nullity in the doctrine after the Civil Code? This is the question we sought to answer in this work. Indeed, the answer usually given to the latter requires clarification. According to the response after the Civil Code, there was a theory of nullity in the doctrine. First, there was a classical doctrine which is composed mainly of lawyers of the nineteenth century. Then, next to this doctrine, there was a doctrine called modern, composed mainly of lawyers of the twentieth century. If, to construct a general theory of nullity, the classical doctrine has used the state of the act, the modern doctrine, she has used the criterion related to the purpose of the rule breached.In this study, we sought to renew this response, first by highlighting the limits of the idea of a classic or modern doctrine and the other by showing the inadequacy of these general theories, built by the authors after the Civil Code, the positive law. This allowed us to propose to abandon any overall vision and doctrine on the theory of nullity. Also, it was proposed to replace this global vision by various design nonentities. A diverse design first, with regard to doctrine, to the extent that there is no one side the classical doctrine and other modern doctrine. But also various design regarding the theory of nullity itself, insofar as there is no single theory for all types of contracts, but various theories that espouse the specifics of each contract.These are the conclusions we have reached the end of this work
Nama, Janvier Bertin. "Neutralité axiologique en droit : Hans Kelsen et Ronald Dworkin." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/193452146#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textOur essential preoccupation in this thesis focused on the comparative reading between the Viennese theorician Hans Kelsen and the American author Ronald Dworkin was to discuss on the issue of axiological neutrality in law. Our attachment to confrontation between Hans Klesen and Ronald Dworkin is due their pertinent and almost “priestly” posture in the legal thought. These two authors have such influence over the subject that one can hardly offer any serious reflexion without appealing to them. The quality of their works, the logical coherence and a legal organization of work strengthened by rational power have given Kelsen and Dworking the upper hand in the field of legal and judicial matters. By submitting our questioning to the argumentation ond theorizations somehow disjunctive of these two thinkers, we thought we had offered an eminent University value. Reading Kelsen and Dworking was motivated by our intellectual preferences, credibilized by the exemplary quality of their productions in the subject, subscribing to the logic work characterized a more explicit study of the relationship between law and moral, making use a specific vocabulary, rigorous analysis and original theories connected to philosophy and critics. The strict analysis of law within itself in which pure science according to Kelsen gives itself the ambition of the legal apparatus in its structure as well as its functioning to a rigorous analysis inherited from Kant’s critics and Dworkin’s system professing fullness of law that towers above law- integrity, the study of these two learned men has a didactic and epistemological value that we have tempted to clarify. By confronting Dworkin to Kelsen we had the opportunity of assessing the influence of the use of most legal principles in positive law and inflexion suffered by positivism from such and intellectual posture. . . /. .
Raynal, Pierre-Marie. "De la fiction constituante. Contribution à la théorie du droit politique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 2, 2014. https://eu02.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/uresolver/33PUDB_IEP/openurl?u.ignore_date_coverage=true&portfolio_pid=5364114140004675&Force_direct=true.
Full textFollowing an approach inspired by "droit politique", this work aims at considering legal fiction through the unexplored prism of legitimacy in order to study from a theoretical perspective its utility in creating legal reality, i.e. in founding the law in force. Defined through its relation to political reality, constituent fiction is a technique of justification and its function is either a matter of knowledge or of government. As an instrument of knowledge, constituent fiction is at the core of the epistemology of legal positivism. It is used to relegate legitimacy, in its most political sense, to a simple matter of "Sein, i.e". to an “extra legal” matter, as it is notably the case of Kelsen’s "Grundnorm". The first part of this work aims at showing that this isolation of law prevents a deeper understanding of its foundations. In doing so, we will try to lay the grounds for what could be an epistemology of "droit politique". As an instrument of government, constituent fiction is at the core of the State. It is used to legitimize the exercise of political power by the means of representation. Relying on the classical works of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau, the second part of this study aims at identifying the characteristics of this system of political organization that makes recourse to fiction a necessity; whatever the form of government chosen. This recourse to fiction, considered here in its broadest sense, can relate to three distinct discursive models: fiction in its strictest sense, falsehood, or myth
Janura, Cécile. "Le droit administratif de Marcel Waline : essai sur la contribution d'un positiviste au droit administratif francais." Artois, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/2000ARTO0301.
Full textMarcel Waline (1900-1982) was a Professor of Public Law faculty of Paris; he was a member of the Consultative Constitutional Committee in 1958 and he entered the French Constitutional Council in 1962. He dedicated the greatest part of his works to the study of French administrative law, and from 1936, he proposed a new classification of the Treaties of administrative law by presenting the adminitrative jurisdiction and its case-law, which he considers a source of law, in the very first pages of his textbook. His numerous case-law commentaries offer a great diversity and much quality, and they earned him the reputation of one of the greatest legal commentators of the 20th century. Waline's methods of interpretation can not be separated from the conditions in which administrative law is made and applied. They imply that the meaning of legal concepts be continously adapted to case-law developments, and they offer a positivist option to the congenital flaws of contemporary administrative law. Beyond his famous contribution to the setting of criteria to clarify the nature of state properties, Waline proposed a new definition of the fundamental notion of public service, and he analysed the basic elements which make the legal status of administative decisions and the responsability of the administrative institutions appear so specific; more generally, he examined the particularity of administrative law as an independant subject. Waline'administrative law, which is entirely based on a methodological approach rooted in legal positivism, is no longer made of general ideas, nor theoretical analysis and disputes. It relies on techniques of case-law analysis, as well as on instruments (the criterion for example), and is enriched with continuous reference to the principles of Private law. It anticipated the growing technicity of today's administrative law and its doctrine. From this viewpoint, Macel Waline must be considered as a leadind transition lawyer, and seen as one of the founders of modern (second half of the 20th century) administrative law
Raynal, Pierre-Marie. "De la fiction constituante. Contribution à la théorie du droit politique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020058.
Full textFollowing an approach inspired by "droit politique", this work aims at considering legal fiction through the unexplored prism of legitimacy in order to study from a theoretical perspective its utility in creating legal reality, i.e. in founding the law in force. Defined through its relation to political reality, constituent fiction is a technique of justification and its function is either a matter of knowledge or of government. As an instrument of knowledge, constituent fiction is at the core of the epistemology of legal positivism. It is used to relegate legitimacy, in its most political sense, to a simple matter of "Sein, i.e". to an “extra legal” matter, as it is notably the case of Kelsen’s "Grundnorm". The first part of this work aims at showing that this isolation of law prevents a deeper understanding of its foundations. In doing so, we will try to lay the grounds for what could be an epistemology of "droit politique". As an instrument of government, constituent fiction is at the core of the State. It is used to legitimize the exercise of political power by the means of representation. Relying on the classical works of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau, the second part of this study aims at identifying the characteristics of this system of political organization that makes recourse to fiction a necessity; whatever the form of government chosen. This recourse to fiction, considered here in its broadest sense, can relate to three distinct discursive models: fiction in its strictest sense, falsehood, or myth
Blanc, Nicolas. "Constitutionnalisme et exclusion : critique du regard français sur le modèle canadien de pluralisme." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0289/document.
Full textThis research intends on proving how constitutionalism and exclusion collide one against the other through acritique of the french gaze on a supposedly canadian model of pluralism. The negative comparison’s silencesbetween France and Canada gave birth to this question of how one is being excluded and othered based on theidentity of constitutional law. This critique, that focuses on identities, is shifting those three dialectics supportingthe aforementioned negative comparison : positivism v. pluralism, universalism v. differentialism, republicanismv. liberal pluralism. France and Canada share the issue of how legal reality is oriented toward specific identities.This research, then, is a critique of constitutionalism identities. Exclusion is defined as the gap between theorientation of law’s identities and the bodily reality of its subjects. The analytical tool developed here to tackleexclusion in law has three steps : shedding light on the orientations of constitutionalism, its identity structure,and its constitutional Others. This research purports on turning scholars’ critical gaze towards thisphenomenology of constitutional exclusion, its « constitutive outside, » by deciphering a typology ofconstitutional Others. This will be so through the collisions of freedom of religion and sexual orientation.Constitutionalism is per se oriented towards the ascendency of whiteness, patriarcalism and heteronormativity
Gomez, Elisabeth. "L'imputabilité en droit pénal." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROD008/document.
Full textAfter a chaotic intrusion in the theory of penal liability, imputability can today appear as a classical notion. The general doctrinal consensus is that it depends on a subjective definition, implying the offender’s discernment and free will. Moreover, the notion of imputability is unanimously considered as the basis of penal liability. However, cohabitation between the various conditions of penal liability, particularly between the concepts of guilt and imputability, may not be as steady as it seems. Indeed, the independence of these notions has actually never been clearly demonstrated, for their respective components represent the subjective conditions creating penal liability. Nevertheless, this topic is far from being anecdotal, specifically among several fundamental institutions of criminal Law, in which the notions of infraction and complicity are involved. Thus, the definition of imputability may deserve some adjustments, and imply, consequently, a reworking of the release condition coming under imputability. This study also aims at proving that imputability is an irrelevant element to the concretely committed offence. This specific part in penal liability, highlighting the link between imputability and the penalty imposed in response to the committed offence, enables a wider vision of the concept that could help facing the upheaval resulting from the entry of criminal Law in the post-modernity era. The latter, that one could associate with the beginning of the century’s penal neopositivism, also implied the resurgence of the concepts of risk and dangerousness. The impact of this evolution about imputability may seem radical : end of the unitary aspect of the notion, emergence of the concept of imputation towards legal entities, and even total erasure of imputability towards natural persons. And yet, some solutions to the reconstitution of the exigence of imputability will be developed, not only in a substantial approach, where imputability will be understood as penal capacity, but also in a procedural approach – thanks to suggestions of procedures taking the offender’s psyche into account. In the end, imputability seems to play a major part in the organization of a balanced cohabitation with the concept of dangerousness, by condemning a strictly hypothetical consideration of dangerousness, without excluding a potential reservation after the penalty
Semhat, Marwa. "L’impact de l’asymétrie des pouvoirs sur le mécanisme de règlement des différends de l’OMC : vers une justice pragmatique?" Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23936.
Full textThe transition from the GATT to the WTO was intended as the transition from a power-based system to a rule-based system. Yet an in-depth analysis of WTO litigation reveals a more nuanced picture of a jurisdictional mechanism that has not fully succeeded in crowding out the influence of political power. In fact, the dispute settlement mechanism of the WTO appears as a body operating in a context of limited independence in that it interacts with the political elements of the system in different ways. In this perspective, and despite a generally positive assessment, many authors affirm the need to strengthen the mechanism by pointing to different instances of non-compliance that have persisted long after the exhaustion of the litigation procedure. In this respect, and while the implementation of State commitments certainly plays a key role in achieving justice in WTO litigation, this thesis aims to demonstrate that the WTO dispute settlement is not only an instrument of law implementation. The thesis will demonstrate that different forms of justice dispensed by the mechanism may include a pragmatic form of justice, which is not limited to rules and procedures, but which helps deliver the best result in a specific dispute so as to reflect the interests of the parties.. It is this pragmatic justice that manifests itself particularly in disputes involving an asymmetry of power and that we seek to explore through the theoretical framework of legal pragmatism. This goal will be achieved by studying the means through which the actors of the mechanism, namely the panelists but also the States, adapt the application of WTO rules according to the specific context of each dispute. The results obtained may in some respects raise questions as to their legal basis, but they certainly lead to the containme