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Academic literature on the topic 'Posse (Word) Latin language French language Latin language'
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Journal articles on the topic "Posse (Word) Latin language French language Latin language"
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Mari, Tommaso. "The Grammarian Consentius on Errors Concerning the Accent in Spoken Latin." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (September 25, 2020): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.54.
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Summary:The 5th-century Gaulish grammarian Consentius wrote an extensive treatise on errors in spoken Latin. In the Roman grammatical tradition, errors in single words are deemed to arise by means of the improper addition, removal, substitution, and misplacement of one of the constitutive elements of the word (letter, syllable, quantity, accent, and aspiration). Late grammarians assumed that the four catego- ries of change applied to accents too, but only Consentius provided an example for each of these cases. However, his discussion poses some problems. The examples of removal, substitution and misplacement of an accent all concern the word orator and present oddities such as a circumflex accent on the antepe- nultimate syllable; they were clearly made up for the sake of completeness and have no bearing on our understanding of Vulgar Latin. On the other hand, the example of addition of an accent is tríginta, with retraction of the accent on the antepenultimate syllable; this must be genuine and fits in well with current reconstructions of most Romance continuations of Latin triginta (Italian trenta, French trente, etc.) and other vigesimals (uiginti, quadraginta, etc.).
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Aroshidze, Marine, and Nino Aroshidze. "The Role of the Language Priorities in Development of Society." Balkanistic Forum 30, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v30i1.6.
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The need to comprehend contemporary global problems the mankind is facing poses demands to modern science to expand the range of functions and strengthen interac-tion between areas of society. The modern anthropocentric scientific paradigm makes a focus on the interdisciplinary research of the civilizational processes of social de-velopment, which created the need for a comprehensive study of sociocultural and linguistic processes in their functional interaction during the historical development of society.The process of human socialization is, first of all, the mastery of the symbolic cultural code and cultural memory of society, which in modern society is losing its usual monoculturism and is increasingly acquiring a bi- and multicultural character, which poses a pressing multifaceted problem for society - linguistic policy, linguistic consciousness, persona lingua. The language policy of any particular country or region is dictated by the prevailing socio-political situation in the country and contributes to shaping the fate of this country for it regulates the status of the state language, the language of the press, education, and science.In each society, certain language priorities are formed, as well as language prohibitions that regulate the life of society, and the formation of the worldview of the participants in society depends on the languages being assimilated. Not surprisingly, the problems of language (with the light hand of the philosopher Ludwig Wittgen-stein) have long exceeded philological problems of philological problems. The language policy of small countries largely depends on foreign policy fac-tors; it is interesting to follow the example of Georgia to trace the change in language priorities in different historical eras (from Arabic, Persian, Greek, Latin, Turkish to Russian, and now to English). The Second World War became an important milestone for Soviet Georgia in language policy: the spiritual unity of all the peoples of the USSR was so intense that the formation of a single supra-ethnic community “Soviet nation” was successfully supported by language policy: having Russian as the second native language. The education system and the press were fully focused on the Russian language. The schools taught foreign languages (French, German, English) by choice, but the minimization of hours, the grammatical approach and the lack of language practice allowed only units to learn European languages at the level of free communi-cation.The 1990s became a period of forced breaking of habitual linguistic priorities for Georgia, free of imperial influence. English has become compulsory subject matter at all stages of the Georgian educational system, Russian is studied only by choice as a second foreign language with a minimum number of hours. The previously banned Turkish language is strengthening its position, especially in Adjara, neighboring Turkey.
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Satsyuk, Olga. "USE OF LATIN ORIGINAL PREFIXES AND SUFFICES IN ROMANIAN LANGUAGE." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 10(78) (February 27, 2020): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-10(78)-215-217.
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The article deals with productive affixes of Latin origin, with the help of which many words of the Romanian language have been formed since the beginning of its formation from the Latin language of the Danube region. Latin suffixes and prefixes that continue to be used in the word formation process of modern Romanian are also analyzed. Some Romanian words were borrowed through other languages (French, German) The ways of penetration of the Latin language into the territory of modern Romania have been established. The process of Romanization began after the wars near the Oresteier Mountains (101-106), as a result of which Dacia was conquered and annexed to the Empire. It is noted that Dacia (modern-day territory of Romania) inherited a rich ancient heritage with the conquest of new provinces by the Empire and, thus, the spread of Roman cultural heritage. However, Latin was the official language in Dacia. Many new cities with introduced Roman civilization were also founded. Latin was spoken in the army and in state institutions. The vocabulary of the Romanian language, which was created with the help of Latin word-forming elements at the beginning of the Romanian language formation, is distinguished, and it is shown that these affixes are used in the modern Romanian language thus distinguishing productive and unproductive affixes.
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Minervini, Laura. "I longobardi alla VI Crociata." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 135, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2019-0001.
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Abstract The Old French word longuebart, with the meaning ‘inhabitant of Southern Italy’, is used in chronicles that deal with the war between the emperor Frederick II and the lords of Ibelin written in the Latin East. This article traces the history that lies behind this unexpected use of the term examining medieval French, Latin and Italian texts of various kinds.
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Scheer, Tobias, and Philippe Ségéral. "Elastic s+C and Left-moving Yod in the Evolution from Latin to French." Probus 32, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 183–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/probus-2020-0003.
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AbstractElastic s+C is the idea that s+C clusters are heterosyllabic by default in all languages, and that some repair will occur in case, pending on language-specific circumstances, a heterosyllabic parse is illegal (preceding long vowel, preceding coda, beginning of the word). The repair at hand is the branching of the s on the following empty nucleus. This generalization is derived from the behaviour of left-moving yod in the diachronic evolution from Latin to French. The floating yod (here coming from palatalization k+i,e > j+ʦ) anchors as a coda if the preceding syllable is open (placēre > plaisir), but is lost in case it is closed (cancellāre > chanceler), except when the syllable-final C is s (cresc(e)re > croistre (mod. croître)). We know independently that intervocalic s+C clusters are regular coda clusters: they block diphthongization (testa > teste (mod. tête)). Hence s is elastic: s+C is a regular coda cluster unless there is a demand for s to vacate its coda position. It is shown that among all syllabic identities for s+C that are entertained in the literature only one is compatible with this pattern: in CsC clusters, i.e. in absence of a preceding vowel, s branches on the following empty nucleus, i.e. the one that separates it from the following C. This is confirmed by an independent pattern: the middle consonant of CCC clusters is lost unless it is s (CsC), but is regularly dropped in sCC clusters. Here as well s+C is a regular coda-onset cluster when preceded by a vowel (sCC), but s elastically becomes a non-coda when preceded by a consonant (CsC). This empirical generalization appears to be an unprecedented finding: s in s+C is a coda when preceded by a vowel, but a (branching) non-coda when not preceded by a vowel. It is shown that it may solve a good deal of the notoriously mysterious behaviour of s+C clusters as such, i.e. in other languages and in synchronic analysis. Word-initially s+C is not followed by a vowel and therefore a non-coda, thus accounting for the typical cross-linguistic pattern whereby s+C is exceptional word-initially, but not word-internally (where it is followed by a vowel). Also, the branching analysis solves the mysterious fact that s only shows exceptional behaviour when it is followed by a consonant: there is no empty nucleus it could branch on when followed by a vowel.
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Canevascini, Giotto. "On Latin mundus and Sanskrit muṇḍa." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 58, no. 2 (June 1995): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00010818.
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Thanks to its variety of meanings, the word mundus had already aroused the interest of classical authors. It is in fact widely attested throughout the history of the language both as an adjective and as a noun.The adjective mundus, -a, -um means primarily ‘propre, d’ où soigné, coquet, élégant’ (DELL, 420), but is it also found used in the rural language when the act of cleaning is involved as is proved by the occurrence in this context of the derived verbs commundō, emundō, and by the expression mundus ager. The definition given to the adjective as mundus quoque appellatur lautus et purus (in Festus, cf. DELL, 420) accounts for this particular meaning because we find expressions describing earth ready for farming as humus subacta et pura ‘earth (which has been) worked and cleaned’. The relevance and wide distribution of this meaning of the adjective in the spoken language is made apparent by the occurrence in the Romance languages of numerous derivatives, such as Italian mondo ‘cleaned, purified’ and mondare ‘to husk, thresh, weed’, or French monder ‘to clean by separating something impure’ and émonder ‘to remove dead branches, to lop a tree’.
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Moroianu, Cristian. "Connexions interlinguistiques reflétées de manière lexicographique. Regard comparatif : roumain, italien et français." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 65, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 281–281. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2020.4.17.
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"Interlanguage Connections Reflected Lexicographically. A Comparative Study of Romanian, Italian and French. The present article focuses on the concept of etymological word family and the way in which it is reflected in three Romance languages – Romanian, Italian and French – by comparing the historical and cultural journey of one single Latin etymon. I have turned my attention to the Latin verb currere and its family, which have been inherited or borrowed in the three languages under discussion. Analysing the way in which these words are presented in the representative etymological and historical dictionaries (DELR for Romanian, DHLF for French and VLI for Italian), the productivity of the main etymon and its family and, implicitly, the underlying Latin model are discussed. The analysis emphasises both the situation from each individual language, and the inter-linguistic reality, making reference to the cultural contacts existing between the three languages and societies. Starting from an individual case, the main purpose of this study is to show the hereditary and cultural unity of Romanian, Italian and French and the way it has been reflected diachronically via linguistic means. Keywords: etymological word family, borrowing, inherited word, analogy, lexical derivation."
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Lis, Kinga. "Richard Rolle’s Psalter Rendition: The Work of a Language Purist?" Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 50, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 45–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2015-0016.
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Abstract Richard Rolle’s Psalter rendition, as any of the medieval English Psalter translations, is thickly enveloped in a set of assertions, originating in the nineteenth century, whose validity has been accepted unquestioned. It is the purpose of the present paper to investigate one such claim concerning the vocabulary selection, according to which Rolle’s rendition would employ almost exclusively lexical items of native origin, except for the instances where no proper item with native etymology presents itself in a particular context and Rolle is forced to use a Latin-derived word. The assertion generates at least two problematic issues. Firstly, it identifies Rolle’s translation as most exceptional in relation to the remaining 14th-century English Psalter translations: the Wycliffite Bibles and the Middle English Glossed Prose Psalter of which the former are asserted to be overtly influenced by the Latin text they render and the latter deeply indebted both syntactically and, more importantly, lexically to a ‘French source’. Secondly, it ascribes Richard Rolle the ideas nowadays covered by the term linguistic purism. Therefore, it seems necessary to analyse the lexical layer of the text in search of evidence, or lack thereof, which sets Rolle’s translation lexically apart from other renditions and sheds some light on the issue of Rolle’s supposed linguistic purism. Such a study is conducted on the basis of the nominal layer of the first fifty Psalms of the four relevant texts analysed in relation to their common Latin source text as only the juxtaposition of all of these enables one to (dis)prove the claim cited above. To provide a wider context from which to view them, the findings will be presented in relation to an overview of the contemporary theory of translation and set against a broadly sketched linguistic map of contemporary England.
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Lehmann, Christian. "Univerbation." Folia Linguistica 54, s41-s1 (December 1, 2020): 205–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flih-2020-0007.
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Abstract Univerbation is the syntagmatic condensation of a sequence of words recurrent in discourse into one word, as when the Spanish combination a tras (to back) becomes atrás ‘behind’. It affects both lexemes and grammatical formatives. Unlike processes of word formation, including conversion of a syntactic construction into a word, as in forget-me-not, and compounding, as in Spanish lavaplatos ‘dishwasher’, univerbation is a spontaneous process. There are two main types of univerbation: phrasal univerbation downgrades a phrase to a word, as when Latin terrae motus ‘earth’s movement’ becomes Spanish terremoto ‘earthquake’. Transgressive univerbation coalesces a string of words which do not form a syntagma into a word, as when French par ce que becomes parce que. A set of univerbations may share structural features and may therefore evolve into a pattern of compounding. Thus, blackbird originated by univerbation, but may now provide a pattern of compounding. As a consequence, univerbation and compounding are not always easily distinguishable. The discussion uses empirical evidence adduced in earlier work, mostly from Romance and Germanic languages. Its aim is not to present novel phenomena but to provide a theoretical background for the phenomenology and improve on available analyses.
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Faber, Riemer A. "INTERMEDIALITY AND EKPHRASIS IN LATIN EPIC POETRY." Greece and Rome 65, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383517000183.
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The concept of intermediality arose in the theoretical discourse about the relations between different systems or products of meaning, such as the relations between music and art, or image and text. The word gained currency in the 1980s in German- and French-language studies of theatre performance, and in scholarship on opera, film, and music, in order to capture the notion of the interconnections between different art forms. For reasons of utility, the concept has been divided into three kinds: intermediality may refer to the combination of media (as in opera, in which music, dance, and song are conjoined into one aesthetic experience); the transformation or transposition of media (as in a film version of a book); and intermedial references or connections, whereby attention is drawn to another system of meaning, as in the references in literature to a work of art. The term has entered the field of classics especially via the study of the relations between the narrative and inscriptional modes in literary epigram.
Books on the topic "Posse (Word) Latin language French language Latin language"
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Die mittels -aison und Varianten gebildeten Nomina des Französischen von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart: Eine Studie zur diachronen Wortbildung. Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 2013.
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Lurquin, Georges. Elsevier's dictionary of Greek and Latin word constituents: Greek and Latin affixes, words, and roots used in English, French, German, Dutch, Italian, and Spanish. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1998.
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Lurquin, Georges. Elsevier's dictionary of Greek and Latin word constituents: Greek and Latin affixes, words, and roots used in English, German, French, Dutch, Italian, and Spanish. New York: Elsevier, 1998.
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The emergence and development of SVO patterning in Latin and French: Diachronic and psycholinguistic perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
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Robert, Bly, and McClatchy J. D. 1945-, eds. Horace, the Odes. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 2002.
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Horace. Karl Wilhelm Ramlers Oden aus dem Horaz nebst einem Anhang zweier Gedichte aus dem Katull und achtzehn Liedern aus dem Anakreon, mit Anmerkungen. Eschborn: Dietmar Klotz, 1992.
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Alexander, West David, and Horace, eds. The complete Odes and Epodes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Posse (Word) Latin language French language Latin language"
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Kislova, Ekaterina, Tatiana Kostina, and Vladislav Rjéoutski. "Learning grammar in eighteenth-century Russia." In The History of Grammar in Foreign Language Teaching. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463724616_ch07.
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In eighteenth-century Russia, Latin was the main language of tuition in Church seminaries and the grammatical approach played a very important role. In schools for nobility, the word ‘grammar’ was hardly used for living languages. Early grammar teaching was combined with translation, dialogue memorization, reading, etc. The shift in focus towards more grammar in French and German classes had likely begun by the middle of the century, and was related to the general proliferation of the grammatical approach. A greater emphasis was placed on analysing grammatical form. These changes mark a shift away from the syncretic language learning approach of the Age of Enlightenment towards a new age characterised by the increasing separation of the aspects of language learning and the erosion of the links between them.
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Okrent, Arika, and Sean O’Neill. "Blame the French." In Highly Irregular, 83–115. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197539408.003.0003.
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This chapter explains the role of the French in the weirdness of English. In 1066, William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy, came over from France to defeat the English king and claim the throne. For the next few hundred years, England was controlled by French speakers. But the majority of people in England, those who did not rule, preach, study, or own land, did not become French speakers. Nevertheless, the ruling language managed to mix its way in. Because they controlled all official institutions, the vocabulary of government, law, and land administration came to be overwhelmingly rooted in Norman influence. Ultimately, the French transformed the vocabulary of English not just by introducing French words in almost every aspect of life, but also by providing an easy gateway to Latin borrowing and word creation. The French also introduced new word stress patterns that created confusion and splits based on stress alone, and left behind old word forms and phrase ordering. It even encouraged the development of a new English speech sound with its own letter, v.
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Thayer, Willy. "The Word “Critique”." In Technologies of Critique, translated by John Kraniauskas, 14–18. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823286744.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on the word crítica, which is a Latin ruin in the Spanish. In the first edition dated 1780, the word crítica (critique) does not appear, suggesting that the “living Spanish” and the Dictionary's intention at the time were moving in a time different from that of the French Revolution. It confirms the regular variations suffered in language dictionaries in the definition of its terms. This chapter also analyzes the definition of terms proposed by the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española (RAE), which through different symbolic mechanisms circulates as the lexical bible that in the last instance dictates the meaning of the use of terms. Despite being only one among many dictionaries, even having been challenged in its role as princep among dictionaries, the RAE's monumental binding seems to stress that in it, amid changing usage, the linguistic canon is inscribed forever.
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Keyes, Ralph. "Coined by Chance." In The Hidden History of Coined Words, 16–28. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190466763.003.0002.
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Among the many of ways in which words are born, one seldom receives its due: happenstance. Sources of new words can be fluky. Many new words have resulted from misprints (derring do), befuddlement (decider), and mispronunciation (quark). Proust noted how many terms that French speakers took pride in pronouncing correctly resulted from “blunders made by Gaulish mouths, mispronouncing Latin and Saxon words.” Literary scholar Walter Redfern called such coinage-by-mishap blunderful. Linguists are keenly aware of the role mishaps can play in word creation. In Aspects of Language, Dwight Bolinger and Donald Sears discussed how often simple mistakes fertilize our lexicon. As in the natural world, such mistakes – typos, misspelling, mistranslation – have been a key source of evolutionary change.