Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Possibilités'
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Haddad, Maroua. "Learning possibilistic graphical models from data." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4036/document.
Full textThis work fits within the framework of learning possibilistic networks, the possibilistic counterpart of Bayesian networks, which represent an interesting combination between possibility theory and graphical models. This thesis presents two major contributions. The first one consists on proposing a validation strategy for possibilistic networks learning algorithms. This strategy proposes a sampling process to generate imprecise datasets from theses models and two new evaluation measures. Our second contribution consists on proposing a global approach to learn the structure and the parameters of possibilistic networks. We propose a possibilistic likelihood function to learn possibilistic networks parameters and to define a new score function used to learn the structure of these models. A detailed experimental study showing the feasibility and the efficiency of the proposed methods has been also proposed
Pescio, Pierre Vincent. "Dysphagies incurables : les possibilités chirurgicales." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23034.
Full textJenhani, Ilyes. "From possibilistic similarity measures to possibilistic decision trees." Thesis, Artois, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ARTO0402/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns two important issues in machine learning and reasoning under uncertainty: how to evaluate a similarity relation between two uncertain pieces of information, and how to perform classification from uncertain data. Our first main contribution is to propose a so-called possibilistic decision tree which allows to induce decision trees from training data afflicted with imperfection. More precisely, it handles training data characterized by uncertain class labels where uncertainty is modeled within the quantitative possibility theory framework. We have developed three possibilistic decision tree approaches. For each approach, we were faced and solved typical questions for inducing possibilistic decision trees such as how to define an attribute selection measure when classes are represented by possibility distributions, how to find the stopping criteria and how leaves should be labeled in such uncertain context. The first approach, so-called, non-specificity-based possibilistic decision tree uses the concept of non-specificity relative to possibility theory in its attribute selection measure component. This approach keeps up the possibility distributions within all the stages of the building procedure and especially when evaluating the informativeness of the attributes in the attribute selection step. Conversely, the second and the third approaches, so-called similarity-based possibilistic decision tree and clustering-based possibilistic decision tree, automatically, get rid of possibility distributions in their attribute selection measure. This strategy has allowed them to extend the gain ratio criterion and hence to extend the C4.5 algorithm to handle possibilistic labeled data. These two possibilistic decision tree approaches are mainly based on the concept of similarity between possibility distributions.This latter issue constitutes our second main contribution in this thesis. In fact, an important challenge was to provide a property-based analysis of possibilistic similarity measures. After showing the important role that inconsistency could play in assessing possibilistic similarity, a new inconsistency-based possibilistic similarity measure, so-called information affinity has been proposed. This measure satisfies a set of natural properties that we have established. Finally, we have conducted experiments to show the feasibility and to compare the different possibilistic decision tree approaches developed in this thesis
Guisset, Michèle. "Les nouvelles possibilités diagnostiques pour la mucoviscidose." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11023.
Full textVerger, Yoann. "Sraffa et l'économie écologique : liens et possibilités." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV020/document.
Full textSraffa's original work was intendedto be a decisive criticism of the neoclassicalmarginalist paradigm, trying to reveal that aneconomic theory based on objective data aboutproduction and distribution of the surplus canexplain exchange values. Ecological economicswere also intended as a criticism of theneoclassical environment economics, trying toexpress the fact that decisions about theenvironment cannot be taken according toeconomic analyses alone. My thesis investigateshow both schools interrelate.The main point of my conclusion is that Sraffa'sanalysis rejects natural resources in hisexplanation of exchange value, not becausenature is not important for the economic process(the contribution of nature is infinite in thisrespect), but because the economic discourse isnot able to express its value. The theory of Sraffahelps to define what the economic discourse cansay and what are the ontological objects of theeconomic analysis. From there, a Sraffianecological economics can be built on Sraffa'sbasis, and it would help to construct a classicalalternative to the neoclassical environmentaleconomics
Brochu, Gabrielle. "La relation de travail internationale : contraintes et possibilités." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26694/26694.pdf.
Full textBonnet, Antoine. "Conditions et possibilités actuelles de la composition musicale." Tours, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOUR2027.
Full textSid-Amar, Ismahane. "Autour de la décision qualitative en théorie des possibilités." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0403.
Full textIn many applications, we are often in presence of decision making problems where the choice of appropriate actions need to be done. When the choice is clear and the risks are null, the decision becomes easy to select right actions. Decisions are more complex when available knowledge is flawed by uncertainty or when the established choice presents a risk. One of the main areas of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is to model, represent and reason about knowledge. In this thesis, we are interested in an inherent discipline in AI which concerns decision making problems.The qualitative possibility decision theory has developed several criteria, depending on the agent behavior, for helping him to make the right choice while maximizing one of these criteria. In this context, possibility theory provides a simple and natural way to encode uncertainty. It allows to express knowledge in a compact way using logical and graphical models. We propose in this thesis to study the representation and resolution of possibilistic qualitative decision problems. Possibilistic counterparts of standard approaches have been proposed and each approach aims to improve the computational complexity of computing optimal decisions and to provide more expressiveness to the representation model of the problem. In the logical framework, we proposed a new method for solving a qualitative decision problem, encoded by possibilistic bases, based on syntactic representations of data fusion problems. Subsequently, in a graphical framework, we proposed a new graphical model for decision making under uncertainty based on qualitatif possibilistic networks. Indeed, when agent's knowledge and preferences are expressed in a qualitative way, we suggest to encode them by two distinct qualitative possibilistic networks. We developed an efficient algorithm for computing optimistic optimal decisions based on syntactic counterparts of the possibilistic networks fusion. We also showed how an influence diagram can be equivalently represented in our new model. In particular, we proposed a polynomial algorithm for equivalently decomposing a given possibilistic influence diagram into two qualitatif possibilistic networks. In the last part of the thesis, we defined the concept of negated possibilistic network that can be used for computing optimal pessimistic decisions
Sid-Amar, Ismahane. "Autour de la décision qualitative en théorie des possibilités." Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0403/document.
Full textIn many applications, we are often in presence of decision making problems where the choice of appropriate actions need to be done. When the choice is clear and the risks are null, the decision becomes easy to select right actions. Decisions are more complex when available knowledge is flawed by uncertainty or when the established choice presents a risk. One of the main areas of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is to model, represent and reason about knowledge. In this thesis, we are interested in an inherent discipline in AI which concerns decision making problems.The qualitative possibility decision theory has developed several criteria, depending on the agent behavior, for helping him to make the right choice while maximizing one of these criteria. In this context, possibility theory provides a simple and natural way to encode uncertainty. It allows to express knowledge in a compact way using logical and graphical models. We propose in this thesis to study the representation and resolution of possibilistic qualitative decision problems. Possibilistic counterparts of standard approaches have been proposed and each approach aims to improve the computational complexity of computing optimal decisions and to provide more expressiveness to the representation model of the problem. In the logical framework, we proposed a new method for solving a qualitative decision problem, encoded by possibilistic bases, based on syntactic representations of data fusion problems. Subsequently, in a graphical framework, we proposed a new graphical model for decision making under uncertainty based on qualitatif possibilistic networks. Indeed, when agent's knowledge and preferences are expressed in a qualitative way, we suggest to encode them by two distinct qualitative possibilistic networks. We developed an efficient algorithm for computing optimistic optimal decisions based on syntactic counterparts of the possibilistic networks fusion. We also showed how an influence diagram can be equivalently represented in our new model. In particular, we proposed a polynomial algorithm for equivalently decomposing a given possibilistic influence diagram into two qualitatif possibilistic networks. In the last part of the thesis, we defined the concept of negated possibilistic network that can be used for computing optimal pessimistic decisions
Smaoui, Salma. "Réseaux possibilistes hybrides : représentation des interventions et algorithmes." Artois, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ARTO0407.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the causality notion and to develop propagation algorithms in the possibilistic networks framework. Intervention is a crucial notion to insure an efficient causal analysis in the sense that it facilitates causality ascriptions. We propose to introduce the do operator to represent interventions in possibilistic networks. We show that using such operator in the possibilistic framework reveals, in some cases, more interesting than its application for Bayesian networks especially for the propagation efficiency when reasoning with interventions. A possibilistic causal model based on possibilistic networks and allowing handling interventions is provided. This model proposes a typology of the forms that causal relationships can take in the possibilistic framework. Handling observation and dealing with interventions are unified through the propagation and conditioning process. We propose to improve propagation algorithms by taking advantages of possibility theory. Our approach consists of combining two representation tools in the possibility framework: possibilistic logic and possibilistic networks. These two alternatives both provide compact representations of possibility distributions. Hence, uncertainty at the level of nodes is represented in terms of possibilistic knowledge bases instead of possibility distributions. A propagation algorithm using the new representation, called hybrid, is proposed. Experimental results confirm the contribution of this new algorithm
Guillaume, Romain. "Gestion des risques dans les chaînes logistiques : planification sous incertitude par la théorie des possibilités." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00700518.
Full textRodrigues, Judite. "L’écriture poétique de Tomás Segovia : les possibilités du nomadisme." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100179.
Full textThe objective of this study is to reveal the trajectory of the Hispanic Mexican poet, Tomás Segovia, and define his poetry. We will therefore try to show that his work, driven by the impulse of nomadism, leads from the recognition of his origins to the acceptation of his heritage of exile and finally to the conquering of this problem. The poetics of nomadism touch different spheres perceptible in terms of topics, themes, writing style, figures of speech, poetic forms or even the effects of transferring notions between different domains of art. So many points of analysis must there be taken into account in order to explore the possibilities of this nomadic esthetic which certainly has the tendency to blur the borders. Figures of speech such as synaesthesia, the oxymoron or personification emblemize the propensity of exchange and the “Segovian” poetic movement. This poet also explores a range of possibilities which offer him a variety of different meters within the silva and in the Hendecasyllabic rhythm. He tests out diverse forms of poetry and explores the sensory perceptions between them. He takes advantage of the imagery of a poem. He dialogues with other artistic practices and pulls from them words from the worlds of music and painting. His writing proceeds from a clever interlacing of words; it is entirely sensory, it listens to the body, and it offers itself generously to powerful linguistic waves. Faithful to his values and struggling from a “pilgriming” Spain, his poetry does not enter into the polemic debate of what it means to be Hispanic or American, but rather chooses the emblematic cover of nomadism to fulfill its anagorisis, thus, decoding and seizing the world with freedom
Lebrun, Pascaline, and Pascaline Lebrun. "L'accompagnement des demandeurs d'asile au Québec : quelles possibilités d'empowerment?" Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37558.
Full textLes déplacements de populations révèlent les situations économiques et politiques de nos sociétés. En effet, les migrations ont toujours existé que ce soit dû au nomadisme, à l’exode rural, à la migration économique ou encore de protection. Cependant, les migrations questionnent les professionnels en travail social qui côtoient des personnes immigrantes de tous statuts. Les discours politique et médiatique sur les migrations comportent aussi leur lot d’enjeux sécuritaires. Nous constatons ainsi une augmentation des mesures de contrôle aux frontières et plusieurs modifications relatives à la Loi sur l’immigration et la protection des réfugiés qui ont un impact direct sur la vie des migrants, en particulier ceux qui recherchent l’asile. À travers ce mémoire, nous explorerons les parcours des demandeurs d’asile au Québec. L’expérience d’être réfugié et en recherche de protection entraîne des enjeux sécuritaires et humanitaires, quel que ce soit le pays de départ ou celui d’accueil. Les populations en recherche de protection, particulièrement les demandeurs d’asile, seraient ainsi soumis à des difficultés d’ordre structurel. C’est dans ce contexte que nous nous questionnons sur les conditions d’accueil des demandeurs d’asile au Québec. Plus précisément, le sujet de ce mémoire porte sur l’empowerment des demandeurs d’asile, à savoir si l’accompagnement offert leur permet des conditions favorables à l’exercice d’un pouvoir d’agir.
Population displacements reveal the economic and political situations of our societies. Indeed, migration has always existed whether due to nomadism, rural exodus, economic migration or protection. However, migration questions social work professionals who work with immigrants of all statuses. Political and media discourse on migration also has its share of security issues. We are seeing an increase in border control measures and several amendments to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act have a direct impact on the lives of migrants, particularly those seeking asylum. In this master’s thesis, we will explore the paths of asylum seekers in Quebec. The experience of being a refugee and seeking protection raises security and humanitarian issues, regardless of the country of departure or host country. Populations seeking protection, particularly asylum seekers, would thus be subject to structural difficulties. It is in this context that we question the conditions under which asylum seekers are received in Quebec. More specifically, the subject of this thesis concerns the empowerment of asylum seekers, i.e whether the support offered allows them to exercise their power of action under favourable conditions.
Population displacements reveal the economic and political situations of our societies. Indeed, migration has always existed whether due to nomadism, rural exodus, economic migration or protection. However, migration questions social work professionals who work with immigrants of all statuses. Political and media discourse on migration also has its share of security issues. We are seeing an increase in border control measures and several amendments to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act have a direct impact on the lives of migrants, particularly those seeking asylum. In this master’s thesis, we will explore the paths of asylum seekers in Quebec. The experience of being a refugee and seeking protection raises security and humanitarian issues, regardless of the country of departure or host country. Populations seeking protection, particularly asylum seekers, would thus be subject to structural difficulties. It is in this context that we question the conditions under which asylum seekers are received in Quebec. More specifically, the subject of this thesis concerns the empowerment of asylum seekers, i.e whether the support offered allows them to exercise their power of action under favourable conditions.
Trouvé, Cédric. "Etude des possibilités de dénitrification autotrophe par thiobacillus denitrificans." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2318.
Full textMuller, Jonathan. "Emetteur à 60 GHz avec des possibilités radio logicielle." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10100/document.
Full textRecent deep sub-micron CMOS technologies have allowed the development of digital baseband circuits for wireless communications. 60 GHz radio has emerged as one of the most promising candidates for high-data-rate (10 Gb/sec), short-distance (1 to 10 m), wireless telecommunication systems. State-of-the-art 60 GHz radio use exclusively analog transceivers. Recent deep sub-micron CMOS technologies have allowed the development of highly digital transceivers for wireless communications in the lower GHz range. In this work, a digital transmitter architecture targeted at 60GHz c communications has been studied. It is based on the combination of an interpolator and a DRFC (digital-to-RF converter), structure which combines a DAC and mixer in order to realize a direct conversion of the digital data stream to the RF frequency. The 60 GHz wireless standard IEEE 802.15.3c has been taken as a reference to study the proposed transmitter. The digital data stream at the baseband output (sampled at 2.5 GS/s) needs to be oversampled and resulting replicas of the signal at multiples of the initial sampling frequency have to be filtered. Images at multiples of the initial sampling frequency are attenuated with an interpolator FIR filter working at 10 GS/s. A prototype of the 10GS/s interpolator has been implemented in a 65nm CMOS technology to prove the feasibility of the concept. The filter uses powers of two coefficients and dynamic logic to reach the required sampling rate. The fabricated prototype transmitter IC demonstrates full functionality up to a 9.6 GHz and consumes 408mA (571mW) with a 1.4V supply voltage. The core area is 650 x 170 um2
Couto, José Luiz. "Possibilités de redéfinition de la conceptualité de la culture." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1990. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5403/1/000589512.pdf.
Full textPigot, Christian. "La lévitation diamagnétique à l'échelle micrométrique : applications et possibilités." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0138.
Full textLevitation is a fascinating way to compensate the action of gravity. Diamagnetism is the only physical phenomenon that allows a stable, static and passive levitation at room temperature. However, this magnetic effet is mostly insignificant at ordinary scales. Among the different means to improve the amplitude of this phenomenon, scale reduction is promishing. The present work contributes to the exploration of the possibilities and the potentialities of levitation in the microsystems. The reduction of size increases diamagnetic volume forces and strongly decreases absolute diamagnetic forces. These properties have been used for the conception and the fabrication of microsensors (accelerometer, inclinometer, force sensor) and microactuators (manipulation of microparticle by incline or by the use of a laser). These realisations are opening new fields for new perspectives and innovative functionnalities into the microworld
N'Dir, Massaër. "Possibilités de mécanisation agricole dans le delta du fleuve Sénégal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38305.
Full textLenain, Bruno. "Microspectrofluorimétrie à excitation laser et détection multicanale : instrumentation - possibilités - applications." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10047.
Full textBoyodi, Abayeh. "Etude de photoconducteurs sur matériaux III-V et possibilités d'applications." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10011.
Full textDutriaux, Léo. "Vers des modèles spatiaux incarnés : mémoire, posture et possibilités d'action." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB233.
Full textThe embodied cognition framework claims that the mind must be understood in the context of its relationship to a physical body that interacts with the world. It has been developed in response to the classical cognitivist approach, which regards the so-called « central » cognition (memory, reasoning, comprehension...) as an amodal symbols processing system, independent from the sensorimotor systems. Contrary to this idea, embodied cognition claims in particular that 1/ cognition is for action 2/ cognition is grounded on sensorimotor systems, that is, it shares processing resources with sensorimotor systems, rather than being independent from them. Since the 1980s, the amount of work within this framework is growing each year. Yet, there are still few researches on spatial cognition with this approach. The aim of the state of art of this thesis is to show that several sources of information of spatial representations, such as perception, memory, and language, are embodied. If their sources are embodied, then it is likely that spatial representations are also embodied. We will report then some direct elements in favor of the embodiment of spatial representations. The aim of our empirical work was to show that the memory of objects, which can potentially be part of a spatial representation, is embodied in the sense that it is for action, and that it is grounded on sensorimotor systems. To fulfill this aim, a body of studies has been run in order to explore, by the mean of postures decreasing the possibilities for action, the role of the motor system in memory (Experiment 1 to 11), language (Experiment 9a to 10), and spatial representations (Experiment 10 and 11). Experiments 1 to 8 showed as a whole that a constraining posture has a negative effect on the memory of manipulable objects, but not on non-manipulable objects (PI effect). Experiments 9a and 9b used sentences. They showed an effect of posture on the memory of manipulable objects only when their name is associated with a verb which involves an action, but not when it is associated with a verb which does not involve an action. Experiments 10 and 11 used respectively spatial descriptions and virtual environments, and newly showed that the objects described or presented out of reach are less recalled than those located at a close distance. After a discussion of these results, we will propose our conception of embodied spatial situation models
El, Barrage Elias. "Les agences de presse libanaises : situation, critique et possibilités d'évolution." Université Stendhal (Grenoble ; 1970-2015), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE39030.
Full textThis thesis covers on differents questions which interests news agencies on countries in way of developpement. It treates their situation in lebanon and on different angles: (1) the politics influence on agencies, on their services, and on their companies. (2) the relationship between the socio-economic and functioning of a local agency. (3) the state and private agencies. Through the diagnostic of the situation, factors that decide the agencies evolution are starting to appear. While the evolution's perspectives are numerous, but inseperable from one and the others like the rest of the essential traits of the situation which is enough critical of the actual agencies. Therefore it is important for an agency his role in distributing information, to keep a certain neutrality, and to contribute on the procesus of the developpement of the society, the lebanese agencies hare to change their way of working. However, this change has to be done in a fundamental way in order the agency to be a big company who gives interesing services on differents categories of a potential clientale. Where the necessite, between others, so that the agency can adopt the modern technologyof communication; the one added to others, necessities, as the invention of "specialited services", etc. . . , which needs the research for new spaces of communication and capitals based on investements. Seeing the profitability which is risky in these kinds of investement, the finance of such a project in mebanon. Is only possible through a kind of cooperative more and less large and flexible
Belli, Jocelyne. "Possibilités d'évaluation de la contamination de l'homme par le cadmium." Strasbourg 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR15025.
Full textBen, marzouka Wissal. "Traitement possibiliste d'images, application au recalage d'images." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IMTA0271.
Full textIn this work, we propose a possibilistic geometric registration system that merges the semantic knowledge and the gray level knowledge of the images to be registered. The existing geometric registration methods are based on an analysis of the knowledge at the level of the sensors during the detection of the primitives as well as during the matching. The evaluation of the results of these geometric registration methods has limits in terms of the perfection of the precision caused by the large number of outliers. The main idea of our proposed approach is to transform the two images to be registered into a set of projections from the original images (source and target). This set is composed of images called “possibility maps”, each map of which has a single content and presents a possibilistic distribution of a semantic class of the two original images. The proposed geometric registration system based on the possibility theory presents two contexts: a supervised context and an unsupervised context. For the first case, we propose a supervised classification method based on the theory of possibilities using learning models. For the unsupervised context, we propose a possibilistic clustering method using the FCM-multicentroid method. The two proposed methods provide as a result the sets of semantic classes of the two images to be registered. We then create the knowledge bases for the proposed possibilistic registration system. We have improved the quality of the existing geometric registration in terms of precision perfection, reductionin the number of false landmarks and optimization of time complexity
Brini, Asma Hedia. "Un modèle de recherche d'information basé sur les réseaux possibilistes." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30224.
Full textWe propose an approach to Information Retrieval (IR) where relevance is flexible. The model is based on possibilistic networks where documents, index terms and query are binary variables and arcs are quantified in the theory of possibility framework. This model should provide proposition like : (i) it is plausible to a certain degree that the document is relevant ; (ii) it is necessary that the document is relevant given the query. The first kind of answer is meant to eliminate irrelevant documents (weak plausibility). The second answer focuses attention on what looks very relevant. Besides, we proposed three new discriminant factors that penalise documents not containing query important terms. These factors can be adaptable to any existing models. The results obtained show the effectiveness of our approach
Mo, Xiu. "Compilation de bases de connaissances avec prise en compte de l'imprécision et de l'incertitude." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30193.
Full textRolle, Annie. "Pigmentation gingivale : possibilités de reproduction en prothèse adjointe partielle ou totale." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR20037.
Full textLoera, Ruiz Roman Alonso. "Le secteur des biens d'équipement au Mexique : évolution et possibilités d'expansion." Paris 9, 1986. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1986PA090032.
Full textThe capital goods sector is now becoming the core of the mexican industrialization. Because is an industrial sector that deals with the technological change, this sector is the center of the economic expansion phenomenon. From 1940 today, the industrialization was the motive power of the economic growth. In accordance with the evolution of the industrialization based on import substitution, the phase concerning the consumer goods is now finished and mexico is actually progressing to an advanced stage concerning an intensive production in capital goods. This working study focus to analyse the evolution and the expansion possibilities of the mexican capital goods industry. The capital goods industry was built up having production's conditions with a low technological level. Actually, this industry confront a serious problem resulting from the competitive technological demand's evolution. This problem is not only a temporary disorder between the supply and demand, but a profound consequence from various factors spawning a limitation in the industry's development process. The expansion possibilities of the capital goods industry are based in : an increase of the productive installed capacity utilization coefficient and the national integration, and a selected diversification in new products and production processes. The development of the mexican capital goods industry is an imperative to support the economic growth, to reach the technological mastery and to be integrated in the world's industrializaton process
Le, Lann Pierre. "Nouvelles possibilités offertes par le rayonnement synchrotron en diffraction sur poudres." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0233.
Full textStonawska, Zuzana. "Nouvelles possibilités d'évaluation de la stabilité stucturale des aciers inoxydables austénitiques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ECAP0967.
Full textNew method for quantitative evaluation of oxalic acid etch test has applied for measurement of number of attacked grain boundaries and attacked twins boundaries related to total number of grain boundaries (GBatt/GB), (Tatt/T) and it proved following: area of intergranular corrosion (IGC) has moved to longer annealing duration of structural sensitization for mettalurgical pure variant PS opposite to commercial variant of steel 316L. Data obtained using AFM method were quantitatively evaluated. The frequent non symmetry of grooves of etched large angle grain boundaries was observed. New way for evaluation of structural stability with AFM was exerted for assessment of etching influences after electrochemical tests and long annealing duration at 650°C of 316L steel. Morphological featuresof sigma-phase were visible after long annealing duration of structural sensitization in both steel variants 316L and SEM EDAX analysis corresponded with information about chemical composition presented in literature. Topography of etching surface evaluated by AFM is efficient tool for study of influence of metallurgical purity and structural stability in austenitic stainless steels. Perspectivelly, AFM can be used for evaluation of corrosive effects of selective etching of material, including detailed research of surface active effects of different corrosive solutions and electrochemical parameters
Romero, de Navarro Xiomara. "Possibilités et limitations de l'étalonnage interne en spectrométrie d'émission plasma (ICP)." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10057.
Full textLi, Jian Ming. "Evaluation des possibilités fréquentielles des transistors bipolaires de puissance haute tension." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0049.
Full textMontagut, Muriel. "Les possibilités d'être après la torture : sociologie clinique du système torturant." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070055.
Full textThe practice of torture represents the ultimate extremity of the intention to dehumanize human beings and submit them to a position where they are "beyond social relationships". It overturns the individual's being-in-the-world (that is to say, the way in which the subject opens up to the world). In order not to consider the subject as being responsible for the symptoms he subsequently shows, torture must be considered to be a social-political event and no longer in the light of a merely psychic problem. Using this point of view, this thesis aims to analyze the torturing system, its logic, the issues involved and its effects. Using a crossed analysis of case studies consisting of semi-directive interviews with former patients who were encountered as a psychologist, we will see that the human being cracks at specific breaking points : the torturing system alters the subject's possibilities of being both subject of his history and at the same time interacting with others. The subject no longer creates outside worlds but closes up into his own. His abilityt to express himself is blocked : this in turn has an impact in terms of his language and transforms the poetic dimension of thinking (the ability to give shape and meaning to one's environment). The impact of the torturing system leaves a permanent trace both on the human beings who have perpetrated it and also on those who were subjected to it. For the latter, getting away from the long term effects of the torturing system requires a real avoidance strategy and they will be durably affected by melancholic relationship with others
Serrurier, Mathieu. "Programmation logique inductive floue et possibilité : gagner en expressivité, adaptabilité, ou en efficacité." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30277.
Full textThis thesis is about different ways for using possibilistic logic and fuzzy sets in inductive logic programming (ILP). An original ILP algorithm based on simulated annealing is proposed as a basis algorithm for experimentations. Two ways have been chosen for the using of fuzzy sets in ILP. First, fuzzy sets are used for describing rules which have not crisp counterparts such as gradual rules or certainty rules. Fuzzy sets may be also used for improving robustness of rules with respect to variations when discretization of numerical attributes is needed. Moreover, an algorithm for inducing rules together with its implication operator is also presented. Possibilistic logic is also used in two different ways in ILP: for dealing with exceptions (misclassification) in classical ILP problem by taking advantage of the non monotonic properties of possibilistic logic or for dealing with weighted databases
Zunino, Gilles. "Amélioration du processus de fusion d'informations dans le cadre de la théorie des possibilités." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-293.pdf.
Full textKhellaf-Haned, Hadja Faïza. "Autour des différents modes de représentation et de raisonnement en théorie des possibilités quantitative." Artois, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ARTO0403.
Full textThis work is intended to provide some contributions in the framework of the representation and the reasoning on uncertain knowledge based on a non probabilistic approach: the quantitative possibilistic theory. In the field of the representation, this study has contributed to developp equivalences between a quantitative possibilistic base and a possibilistic causal networks based on the product. Moreover, it shows that the beliefs networks based on the ordinal conditioning functions op Spohn as well as the penalties bases can be naturally represented with the quantitative possibilistic bases. In the field of the reasoning, an original algorithm was developped for the inference starting from the quantitative possibilistic bases. An experimental study was also carried out thus confirming the advantages of inference tool based on possibilistic quantitative logic
Gouider, Héla. "Graphical preference representation under a possibilistic framework." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30243/document.
Full textStructured modeling of preference statements, grounded in the notions of preferential independence, has tremendous potential to provide efficient approaches for modeling and reasoning about decision maker preferences in real-life applications. This thesis raises the question of representing preferences through a graphical structure. We propose a new reading of possibilistic networks, that we call p-pref nets, where possibility weights represent satisfaction degrees. The approach uses non-instantiated possibility weights, which we call symbolic weights, to define conditional preference tables. These conditional preference tables give birth to vectors of symbolic weights that reflect the preferences that are satisfied and those that are violated in a considered situation. We then focus on the theoretical aspects of handling of these vectors. Indeed, the comparison of such vectors may rely on different orderings: the ones induced by the product-based, or the minimum based chain rule underlying the possibilistic network, the discrimin, or leximin refinements of the minimum- based ordering, as well as Pareto ordering, and the symmetric Pareto ordering that refines it. We prove that the product-based comparison corresponds exactly to symmetric Pareto and we focus on its assets compared to the other ordering methods. Besides, we show that productbased ordering is consistent with the ordering obtained by comparing sets of satisfied preference tables. The picture is then completed by the proposition of algorithms for handling optimization and dominance queries. In this work we discuss various graphical tools for preference representation. We shed light particularly on CP-nets since they share the same graphical structure as p-pref nets and are based on the same preference statements. We prove that the CP-net orderings cannot contradict those of the p-pref nets and we found suitable additional constraints to refine p-pref net orderings in order to capture Ceteris Paribus constraints of CP-nets. This indicates that CP-nets potentially represent a subclass of p-pref nets with constraints. Finally, we provide an thorough comparison between the different qualitative and quantitative graphical models and p-pref nets. We deduce that the latter can be positioned halfway between qualitative and quantitative models since they do not need a full instantiation of the symbolic weights while additional information about the relative strengths of these weights can be taken into account. The last part of this work is dedicated to extent the proposed model to represent multiple agents preferences. As a first step, we propose the use of possibilistic networks for representing all or nothing multiple agents preferences and define conditioning in the case of Boolean possibilities. These multiple agents networks have a logical counterpart helpful for checking agents consistency. We explain the main steps for transforming multiple agents networks into logical format. Finally, we outline an extension with priority levels of these networks and provide algorithms for handling optimization and dominance queries
Sahebi, Mahmod Reza. "Application de la tomographie sonique au diagnostic du béton, possibilités et limites." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ26613.pdf.
Full textPromchanya, Aphirom. "Ecotourisme et information sur l'environnement : possibilités et contraintes pour un système durable." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP1286.
Full textBourgkard, Fabrice. "Premières années concernant les possibilités d'obtention de l'embryogenèse somatique chez séquoia sempervirens." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10044.
Full textKebiche, Mustapha. "Le bassin versant du Hodna (Algérie) : ressources en eau et possibilités d'aménagement." Nancy 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN21004.
Full textStrongly marked by a mediterrenean climate with a tendency to aridity the Hodna has inherited from a pastoral society imbued with nomadic traditions. This has engenalered an organization of its area founded on the complementarity of different environments. This complementarity is linked with a constant movement of populations and herds, so, and movements of variable importance. The climati's aridity points on the weakness of precipitations on the nain part of the versant bassin. The chain of the Hodna stands as a barrier to the atmospheric disturbances coming from north. It constitues the southern limit to mediterranean influences. This situation is often aggraved by a high evapotranspiration a low vegetal cover favoring erosion. Climati's aridity does not necessarily mean absence of water, for the Hodna's inhabitants have practiced for a long time an irrigation which was based on flanned inundation, it attest for the absence of flow. Although the precipitations are weak, they fall down in the form of showers rendering the flows into swelling. Oueds, that are supplied by numerous springs, rising at the bottom of mountains, have brought not inconsiderable contributions. The following paradox : arid climate-abundance of water, is confirmed by the large potentialities of subterranean waters presented by the set up aquiferous. The improvement of hydraulic situation is most possible. It lies in the recovery of rain waters thanks to process of retain and to rational exploitation of subterranean waters so as to hope finally for an integrated development of the Hodna
Cochaux, Alain. "Résistance au déchirement des pâtes et des papiers : caractérisation et possibilités d'amélioration." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0082.
Full textCot, Michel. "Paludisme pendant la grossesse : conséquences pour le nouveau-né et possibilités d'intervention." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA11T038.
Full textKedjar, Aboubekr-Seddik. "Recherches sur les possibilités cartographiques de SPOT dans les zones sub-méditerranéennes." Observatoire de Paris, 1992. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02071387.
Full textThe satellite SPOT with a resolution of 10 meters offers new possibilities for making topographic maps. As expected, with such high resolution, SPOT enables to make maps at small and medium scales and the restitution of the topography, owing to its stereoscopic possibilities. To assess the cartographic performances of SPOT in the sub-mediterranean areas, two test-fields of southern Algeria have been selected. The first one concerus a SPOT model including the sub-urban area of Ghardaia and the second one deals with two stereoscopic tied strips covering a cartographic format of about 12000 km2 at a 1/200. 000 scale. These experiments allowed to : define the resulting accuracies and the optimum scales of the maps ; refine the different steps in the process of the map making (ground control, spatial triangulation, etc…) ; present a variety of cartographic products (classical map, monochrome and color image based maps, etc…) ; estimate the costs and times of a complete cartographic process
Friedrich, Guy. "Contribution à l'étude des possibilités de l'amplification à découpage en puissance élevée." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPD046.
Full textThe aim of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of the design of a PWM amplifier able to restitute any input signal in the power range of 400 V – 20 A. Two aspects have been examined : a study of a switching technique able to minimize loads on switches and improve dynamic performance ; a study of a fast switch. After a bibliographic investigation into PWM strategies generally used, an accurate study has been made of one of them : “instantaneous feedback”. This study has been made with a numeric simulation, because the non-linearity of the system limits the validity of an analytic model. This simulation shows the performance of the strategy by studying the influence of the variation of each main component of the amplifier. High sensitivity of the system to delays demands design of high speed switches. Performance and power range impose the use of transistors of different technologies. Two structures are studied and tried (REC, CASCODE). The commutation times are equivalent, but the reliability of the CASCODE structure is greater at high frequency. Four prototypes using these techniques have been constructed, allowing us to verify the validity of the numerical model and the interest of the “instantaneous feedback” strategy. Problems due to electromagnetic perturbations generated by high speed switches have been resolved. Correct performance has been obtained at 350 V – 20 A. A comparison with a more popular strategy, “natural sampling”, shows that the instantaneous feedback has a significant advantage for restitution of signals whose frequency is near the chopping frequency. However, this strategy is not able to restitute correctly low amplitude input signals
Jannot, Yves. "Production d'eau par captage de l'humidité atmosphérique : possibilités d'application en zone Sahelienne." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10155.
Full textBergandi, Donato. "Limites et possibilités de l'approche holiste dans la théorie des systèmes écologiques." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MNHN0009.
Full textExertier, Pierre. "Orbitographie des satellites artificiels sur de grandes périodes de temps : possibilités d'applications." Observatoire de Paris, 1988. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02095278.
Full textSommer, Françoise. "Contribution à l'étude des possibilités d'emploi de la microanalyse nucléaire en biologie." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10031.
Full textVerdal, Hugues de. "Possibilités de réduction des rejets chez le poulet par la sélection génétique." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4019/document.
Full textThe reduction of the environmental impact of poultry production is crucial to ensure its sustainability. The estimation of genetic parameters of several excretion characteristics in D+ and D- divergent lines allowed us to define pertinent criteria that could be included in selection schemes in view to reduce chicken excretion. We also showed that using these criteria would not have negative consequences on the traits of economic importance for poultry industry. Finally, we showed that the gastro-intestinal tract morphology is highly implied in the variations of excretion between chickens. Indeed, an important development of the proventriculus and gizzard and a reduction of the small intestine development were associated with birds producing less excreta and showing a higher digestive efficiency