Relevant bibliographies by topics / Possible removal options

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Possible removal options'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Possible removal options"

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Arendze, S., and M. Sibiya. "Filter backwash water treatment options." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 4, no. 2 (December 16, 2013): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2013.131.

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Filtration acts as the final step in the removal of suspended matter and protozoa. The accumulated residue is removed during the backwash process and any subsequent recycling of filter backwash water could potentially re-introduce these contaminants into the main treatment process. By separating the filter backwash water from the main treatment process, factors that could interfere with the integrity of the primary treatment barriers, will be eliminated. Treatment and recovery of the filter backwash water would be beneficial in terms of water reuse, by replacing a proportion of the freshwater demand. The aim of this study was to investigate possible treatment options for the filter backwash water at Rand Water. Treatment options for filter backwash water treatment plants usually consist of a solids removal process and a disinfection process. Three solid removal processes for filter backwash water from Rand Water's filtration systems were selected for testing on an experimental basis: (1) sedimentation without flocculation, (2) sedimentation with flocculation, and (3) dissolved air flotation with flocculation. Flocculation with sedimentation produced the best results when compared to the other two treatment options evaluated. It is a simple and effective option for the treatment of filter backwash water.
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White, Bob, and William R. Welke. "Accounting For Salvage And Cost Of Removal." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 9, no. 1 (October 2, 2011): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v9i1.6098.

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The idea of negative salvage has been ignored in almost all industries except the public utility industry, but it has much broader applications. This paper examines the concept of negative salvage, the effect of negative salvage on the calculation of depreciation charges, and the possible accounting options for dealing with this problem. A single unit account is used to illustrate the effect on periodic income of the various matching options.
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Newcombe, G., and B. Nicholson. "Treatment options for the saxitoxin class of cyanotoxins." Water Supply 2, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2002): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0179.

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The saxitoxin class of algal toxins (cyanotoxins) are neurotoxins produced in Australia by the blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) Anabaena circinalis. A range of water treatment processes was investigated for the removal of these compounds. Ozonation of the toxins at moderate doses was found to be ineffective. Chlorination was found to be effective at high pH; therefore where pH adjustment is possible in the treatment process, chlorination could be considered as an important treatment option. Activated carbon, both in the granular and powdered form, was effective for reducing the toxicity of a mixture of the toxins as the most toxic of the saxitoxins were also the most readily removed by adsorption.
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Barnard, James L., Gerry M. Stevens, and Patrick J. Leslie. "Design Strategies for Nutrient Removal Plant." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 11-12 (November 1, 1985): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0235.

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The first full-scale Bardenpho plant in the colder regions of North America was constructed in Kelowna and operated for about two years. The design was based on criteria developed by Barnard (1974) and based on experience of the design of similar plants in South Africa. Maximum flexibility leaving the operator many options for optimization was allowed. Effluent ortho-phosphate, nitrate and ammonia concentration averaged 0.43, 2.05 and 0.78 mg/ℓ respectively over the first year of operation. Operating results are compared with design predictions. Some results are presented and the design was tested using theories developed by Ekama et al (1984) whose models predicted that no phosphate removal would be possible. RESUME La premierè installation de Bardenpho, à grande échelle dans les régions les plus froides de l'Amérique du Nord a été construite à Kelowna et utilisée pendant plus de deux ans. Le dessin était fondé sur les information de Barnard (1974) et basé sur l'expérience du dessin d'installation sembables en Afrique du Sud. L'installation était flexible et laissait à l'opérateur le choix de plusieurs options pour l'optimisation. La concentration de ortho-phosphate, nitrate et ammoniaque avait les valeurs moyennes de 0,43; 2,05 et 0,78 mg/ℓ respectivement pendant la premiére année de travail. Les resultats sont presentés et la dessin a été mis à l'épreuve en utilisant les théories développées par Ekama et al (1984) dont les modèles ont predit. qu' aucun élimination de phosphate serait possible vu le petit réduction de nitrate qui le modèle ont prédit aux températures plus froides.
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Ektov, Vladimir N., Konstantin Alekseevich Somov, Alexander Vasilyevich Kurkin, and Vladimir Alexandrovich Muzalkov. "Treatment Options for Chronic Hemorrhoids." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 13, no. 4 (December 13, 2020): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2020-13-4-353-361.

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The paper provides an overview of various treatment options for chronic hemorrhoids based on current national and international recommendations. The publication describes the basic principles of effective conservative therapy of the disease. Methods of minimally invasive treatment options for chronic hemorrhoids are given in details: sclerotherapy, infrared coagulation, latex ligation; advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods are highlighted. Literature data indicate that surgical removal of hemorrhoids remains an effective method of treatment for patients with hemorrhoids stage III IV, who underwent unsuccessful minimally invasive procedures. The characteristics of possible complications after hemorrhoidectomy and the frequency of their occurrence are also given. The authors analyze results of using stapler hemorrhoidopexy and the technique of Doppler-controlled ligation of hemorrhoidal arteries. Despite the variety of techniques, it remains relevant to search for further treatment options for chronic hemorrhoids in order to choose an effective individual treatment tactics for each patient, taking into account various manifestations of hemorrhoidal disease.
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Sereda, A. P. "TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR NEGLECTED ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURED: WETHER SPONTANEOUS HEALING IS POSSIBLE?" Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia 24, no. 2 (July 6, 2018): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2018-24-2-59-69.

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The paper considers cases of spontaneous healing of achilles tendon with elongation. In such condition the tendon defect is not palpable, active plantar flexion is preserved and patients are complaining for strength diminution.Purpose— to study features of spontaneous achilles tendon healing with elongation and to analyze the shortening tenoplasty option as a procedure primarily aimed at restoration of strength for gastrocnemius-soleus complex.Material and Methods.The paper presents features and outcomes of surgical treatment of 25 patients who underwent a shortening tenoplasty of various types: crimping (3 patients), Z-type (2 patients), oblique (1 patient) and transverse (19 patients).Results.No re-ruptures or other serious complications were observed in the patients of the present study. Treatment outcomes were evaluated by j. leppilahti scale in 304,7±8,9 days after the procedure. postoperative leppilahti scores were statistically significantly better than prior to surgery — 82,4±5,6 and 62,2±7,7, respectively, (p<0,0001). Conclusion. Shortening tenoplasty can be indicated in cases of spontaneous achilles tendon healing with elongation. at relatively early stages of the injury with rather elastic scars the crimping tenoplasty can be applied. At later stages a resection shortening tenoplasty is recommended through a minimal incision with transverse resection of tendon and removal of scar block.
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Sharman, D. J., H. L. Stark, and D. W. Kelly. "A comparison of potential methods for the alleviation of residual stresses in the necks of aluminium alloy thick-walled gas cylinders." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 32, no. 5 (July 1, 1997): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0309324971513436.

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Tensile circumferential residual stresses are introduced into seamless 6351 aluminium alloy gas cylinder necks at the bore during the heat treatment stage of the manufacturing process. To ascertain the feasibility of a proposed corrective procedure (selective removal of material from the gas cylinder neck) finite element analyses that modelled material removal were undertaken. Results indicate that no significant benefit was gained from the partial removal of bore material. However, removing the inelastically deformed outer surface material is likely to provide the greatest benefit of the four options considered. The material removal option was then compared with an investigation into cold working the gas cylinder neck to favourably modify the quenching residual stresses. Experimental results have indicated that the application of an axially applied compressive load to the gas cylinder neck, inducing bore yielding, favourably modifies the quenching residual stresses. This alternative of cold working the gas cylinder neck appears to be a possible method of favourably modifying the quenching residual stress.
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Ribeiro, Kim Henderson Carmo, Neylla Teixeira Sena, Joel Motta Junior, Marcia Raquel Costa Lima Braga, Ana Carolyna Becher Roseno, Ana Julia Moreno Barreto, and Mariza Akemi Matsumoto. "Accidental nasal fossa perforation during endodontic treatment - Case report." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 5 (April 28, 2021): e8010514645. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i5.14645.

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Fracture of an endodontic instrument within the root canal system can occur due to incorrect use of instruments, and clinicians are confronted with a few removal options when considering this situation. The purpose of this article is to present the removal of a fractured endodontic file from the periapical region of the right upper central incisor, that caused a nasal floor perforation and otorhinolaryngological symptoms, with the aid of a dental operating microscope (DOM) and cone bean computed tomography (CBCT). Success was achieved when the fragment was visible and removed from the nasal fossa. The standardized techniques of removal or bypassing fracture file were not effective, and success was obtained with the aid of CBCT that made possible the visualization of the broken file inside the nasal fossa.
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Babets, Yevheniy, Oleh Anisimov, Oleksandr Shustov, Vitalina Komirna, and Iryna Melnikova. "Determination of economically viable option of liquidation the consequences of external dump deformation." E3S Web of Conferences 280 (2021): 08014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128008014.

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The safety factors for different variants of operation development were obtained, on the basis of which the technical and economic indicators were established and the most expedient way of restoration of dump operations in conditions of the formed landslide was chosen. The solutions were proposed for the external dump No 2 of the Central Ore Mining and Processing Enterprise (COMPE), that allow to continue its future operation. When working in the conditions of the formed landslide, three variants of the further dump operation are modeled: the first one - with landslide removal and unloading of the upper dump horizons, the second one - without landslide removal and involvement of disturbed lands in land allotment, the third one - with the landslide loading. Based on the built sections of the dump and defined physical and mechanical properties, the stability factors were obtained for different options of the operation development, which made it possible to determine the appropriate option to eliminate the effects of the dump slide deformations. As a result of the calculations, the cost flows for each of the proposed options of the formation of the end contour of the dump No 2 are determined.
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Lefebvre, O., A. Al-Mamun, W. K. Ooi, Z. Tang, D. H. C. Chua, and H. Y. Ng. "An insight into cathode options for microbial fuel cells." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 12 (June 1, 2008): 2031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.611.

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Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an emerging and promising technology, particularly in the field of wastewater treatment. The MFC capability of achieving organic removal and generating in situ electricity could make it an attractive alternative wastewater treatment technology over conventional treatment technologies. However, MFC is still far from being economically viable, especially because of the cost of the platinum (Pt) catalyst that makes possible the reaction at the cathode. In this study, we tested alternative cathode catalysts, namely sputter-deposited Cobalt (Co) and denitrifying bacteria (biocathode). The performance of these innovative cathodes was compared with that of classic Pt-cathodes. Co competed well with Pt, but further research is still required for biocathodes. However, biocathodes MFC have showed promise.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Possible removal options"

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Caiafa, Alessio. "Decommissioning of a tension leg platform – possible removal options for a challenging project in the Gulf of Mexico." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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The Decommissioning is a “multidisciplinary” process by which an Oil Company goes through of deciding how best shut down the oilfield activities at the end of the field life, plugging and abandoning the well(s), making the equipment/installation safe, remove some or all the facilities (offshore structures and appurtenances e.g.: platforms, top sides, jackets etc.) and restoring the area. Decommissioning will occur at different stages of asset lifecycle and has wide relevance in terms of reputation, so it needs to be managed properly as a dedicated business process. Usually Oil Companies decommissioning approach is based on international Waste Hierarchy Policy (Picture 1): in other words the conceptual framework which ranks the options for dealing with waste, beginning from the reducing of their generation, listing in order of preferences, the possible approaches/actions for their management: so, re-use of the decommissioned facilities is a preferred choice to recycle and re-use in current location is preferred to re-use in new location; recycle of the decommissioned facilities is a preferred choice to disposal.
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Books on the topic "Possible removal options"

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Mpedi, Letlhokwa George, ed. Santa Claus: Law, Fourth Industrial Revolution, Decolonisation and Covid-19. African Sun Media, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/9781928314837.

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The origins of Santa Claus, or so I am told, is that the young Bishop Nicholas secretly delivered three bags of gold as dowries for three young girls to their indebted father to save them from a life of prostitution. Armed with immortality, a factory of elves and a fleet of reindeer, his has been a lasting legacy, inextricably linked to Christmas. Of course, this Christmas looks a little different. Amidst a global pandemic, shimmying down the chimneys of strangers certainly does not adhere to social distancing guidelines. Some borders remain closed, and in some instances, the quarantine period is far too long. After all, he only has 24 hours to spread cheer across the world. As with the rest of us, Santa Claus is likely to get the remote working treatment. The reindeers this year are likely to be self-driving, reminiscent of an Amazon swarm of technology, and the naughty and nice lists are likely to be based on algorithms derived from social media accounts. In the age of the fourth industrial revolution, it is difficult to imagine that letters suffice anymore. How many posts were verified as real before shared? Enough to get you a drone. Fake news? Here is a lump of coal. Will we see elves in personal protective equipment (PPE) and will Santa Claus, high risk because of age and his likely comorbidities from the copious amount of cookies, have to self-isolate in the North Pole? In fact, will there be any toys at all this year? Surely production has been stalled with the restrictions on imports and exports into the North Pole. Perhaps, there is a view to outsourcing, or perhaps, there is a shift towards local production and supply chains. More importantly, as we have done in many instances in this period, maybe we should pause to reflect on the current structures in place. The sanctification of a figure so clearly dismissive of the Global South and to be critical, quite classist must be called into question. From some of the keenest minds, the contributions in this book make a strong case against this holly jolly man. We traverse important topics such as, is the constitution too lenient with a clear intruder who has conveniently branded himself a Good Samaritan? Allegations of child labour under the guise of elves, blatant animal cruelty, constant surveillance in stark contrast to many democratic ideals and his possible threat to national security come to the fore. Nevertheless, as the song goes, he is aware when you are asleep, and he knows when you are awake. Is feminism a farce to this beloved man – what role does Mrs Claus play and why are there inherent gender norms in his toys? Then is the worry of closed borders and just how accurate his COVID-19 tests are. Of course, this brings his ethics into question. While there is an agreement that transparency, justice and fairness, nonmaleficence, responsibility, and privacy are the core ethical principles, the meaning of these principles differs, particularly across countries and cultures. Why are we subject to Santa Claus’ notions of good and evil when he is so far removed from our context? As Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein would tell you, this is fundamentally a nudge from Santa Claus for children to fit into his ideals. A nudge, coined by Thaler, is a choice that predictably changes people’s behaviour without forbidding any options or substantially changing their economic incentives. Even with pinched cheeks and an air of holiday cheer, Santa Claus has to come under scrutiny. In the process of decolonising knowledge and looking at various epistemologies, does Santa still make the cut?
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Book chapters on the topic "Possible removal options"

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"Early pregnancy care." In Tasks for Part 3 MRCOG Clinical Assessment, edited by Sambit Mukhopadhyay and Medha Sule. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198757122.003.0022.

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This task assesses the following clinical skills: … ● Patient safety ● Communication with patients and their relatives ● Information gathering ● Applied clinical knowledge … You are an ST4 doctor covering Early Pregnancy Assessment Unit (EPAU). You have been asked to see 24- year- old Jaz Pringle in her third pregnancy. Her LMP was six weeks ago and has presented with left iliac fossa pain and light vaginal bleeding. Your task is: … ● To take a focussed history ● Organize the necessary investigations ● Discuss the results and diagnosis with Jaz ● Agree a management plan … You have 10 minutes for this task (+ 2mins initial reading time). This is a communication skills clinical assessment task that tests the candidate’s skills to take a focussed history, interpret and explain results and agree to a management plan having discussed the options. If they ask for the urine pregnancy test, tell them it is positive. If they arrange an ultrasound, provide them with the following result. ‘An empty uterus and a 2.3cm left sided adnexal mass with well- defined gestational sac medial to the left ovary with minimal fluid in pouch of Douglas. Right ovary appeared normal. Findings are highly suggestive of left sided tubal pregnancy’. If they organize beta HCG, tell them the nurse had sent it and the result is back and it is 2900IU/ml. Record your overall clinical impression of the candidate for each domain (e.g. should this performance be pass, borderline, or a fail). You are Ms. Jaz Pringle, a 24- year- old housewife who lives with her partner of four years. You have one child delivered by caesarean section for breech (bottom first) presentation three years ago. You had developed infection post caesarean section and were very unwell. You had needed admission to the hospital for 10 days and needed IV antibiotics. This was followed by an ectopic pregnancy 18 months ago whereby you ended up having key hole surgery and removal of your right fallopian tube with ectopic pregnancy. While you have not been actively trying for another pregnancy, you and your partner are happy with the thought of another pregnancy. However, you attended hospital due to some discomfort on the left side of the tummy and some vaginal bleeding on and off for two days. You are otherwise fit and well with no allergies. The candidate should arrange a urine pregnancy test, which will be positive. They should then organize a scan in the EPAU. The scan will suggest an ectopic pregnancy in your right tube. You are now extremely upset and anxious after the scan at the thought of possibly losing the only remaining tube and being rendered infertile. You want to know all possible options and would like to save the only fallopian tube if possible.
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Wiese, Heike, Mehmet Tahir Öncü, Hans G. Müller, and Eva Wittenberg. "Verb Third in spoken German." In Rethinking Verb Second, 682–99. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844303.003.0029.

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Recent findings from spoken language use outside formal standard German provide evidence for linearizations that violate the V2 constraint, suggesting that there might be extensions of V2 in German to a more liberal forefield that can also accommodate V3. Evidence for this was first reported from Kiezdeutsch, an urban dialect from informal peer-group settings in multilingual contexts, and has subsequently also been found in more monolingual settings of German. Findings point to a specific pattern that allows both frame setters and topics to appear together in the left periphery. This chapter contains results from a cross-linguistic study that further explored such an information-structural motive. The investigation was inspired by a seminal study by Goldin-Meadow et al. (2008) that revealed language-independent preferences for the serialization of thematic roles, a ‘natural order of events’. The study investigates a possible ‘natural order of information’ in three typologically different languages, namely German, English, and Turkish: were speakers more likely to place verbs in a position after frame setter plus topic (supporting V3) if language-specific grammatical restrictions were removed? Results indicate an information-structural motivation of V3 that holds across speakers of different linguistic backgrounds (German, English, Turkish), even in violation of language-specific word order options.
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Anastasiou, Athanasios, Kostas Giokas, Georgia Koutsouri, and Dimitra Iliopoulou. "Intelligent Medication Adherence Monitoring System." In Advances in Healthcare Information Systems and Administration, 72–85. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1724-5.ch004.

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This chapter presents the architecture and implementation of an automatic medication dispenser specifically for users who take medications without close professional supervision. By relieving the users from the error-prone tasks of interpreting medication directions and administrating medications accordingly, the device can improve the required level in compliance and prevent serious medication errors. By taking advantage of the scheduling flexibility provided by medication directions, the device makes the user's medication schedule easy to adhere and tolerant to tardiness whenever possible. This work is done collaboratively by the medication scheduler and dispenser controller in an action-oriented manner. An advantage of the action-oriented interface between the components is extensibility, as new functions can be added and existing ones removed with little or no need to modify the dispenser control structure. This chapter first describes the action-oriented design, major components and hardware structures of the smart device. It then provides an overview of the heuristic algorithms used by the medication scheduler and their relative merits. The different available user options will be presented depicting the user-specific operating modes of the device/service. The scope of this chapter is to describe the development of a smart electronic drug dispenser unit for the pharmaceutical adherence of patients.
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Selamioglu, Engin, and Ercan Karacaoglu. "Enhanced Liposuction for Arms." In Enhanced Liposuction - New Perspectives and Techniques [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97572.

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Arm contouring is a desired goal of the arm esthetics. Brachioplasty is a developing and safe surgery to improve the arm silhouette but scar is a one of the most distracting factor for both patients and surgeons. In this chapter conventional liposuction with laser assisted liposuction (LAL) is proposed to yield satisfactory results in selected group of patients. Classification systems are helpful to decide for proper patient selection for this technique. It includes assessment of fat excess, skin excess, and location of the deformity (proximal, entire arm, arm and chest). Patients with minimal to extensive fat deposits plus minimal to moderate skin laxity are the best candidates for this approach. When properly performed, with realistic expectations, liposuction and LAL combination is considerably a procedure of choice for arm contouring in these selected cases. The contraction of arm skin is considerably consistent. Our approach, except in the most extreme cases, is to initially recommend liposuction and possibly even a second liposuction prior to recommending brachioplasty. An esthetically pleasant result can be obtained even in massive arms with good skin tone. Massive arms with poor skin tone, however, may not. Patient selection and preoperative planning are discussed in detail. A thorough description for patient positioning and anesthesia options are studied. The technique of the liposuction is widely described including specific regional contour goals with artistic attention to enhance the contour. Refinement regarding skin tightening and skin surface smoothness are also discussed. Arm contouring is a growing field of body contouring and can be practiced with low complication rates and high patient satisfaction. Available classification systems help to select proper patient group. Laser assisted fat removal combined with conventional liposuction are promising procedures for selected patients.
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"In any case, covering may be impracticable for other reasons. Many processes as they are currently designed depend upon at least visual access by operators for process control, and in other instances the production of odorous chemicals such as hydrogen sulphide can be accompanied by the formation of methane, giving a potential fire or explosion hazard. 1.1.1. Odours .from the Spreading of Sludge and Slurries on Land The chimney, originally devised to increase draught through fires and to provide smoke extraction, has found extensive use in many industries to aid the dispersion of odour. The extra height gained by the point of emission is frequently enough to give the extra dilution required to reduce the risk of odour nuisance at even relatively nearby properties. This is an option that is not open to the farmer or the sewage works operator. The cost and practicability of enclosing the processes used in sewage treatment varies considerably, but in the disposal of sludge or animal slurries to land there is never a realistic option that the dispersion of odours once transferred to the gas phase might be effectively controlled. For the prevention of nuisance therefore there are two possibili­ ties. First, the formation or release of odorous chemical species can be discouraged. In practice this usually means the prevention of reducing conditions (negative redox potential) and possibly the prior removal of certain key compounds. Second, the time of contact between the sludge/ slurry and the air can be reduced, for example by ploughing in or sub-surface injection, and the act of spreading can be timed to coincide with favourable atmospheric conditions. These two approaches can of course be used in combination. Both approaches naturally add to the cost of sludge disposal, and for the sewage works manager add to the risk that farmers might be less willing to accept sludge to land, causing a greater problem still. For the fanner, sewage sludge can be a useful source of cheap nitrogen, though of unspecified strength, and also of much needed soil structure, but the imposition of no-grazing periods after application can add to the cost taken as a whole. A further problem, especially for farmers with arable crops is that the demand for soil nutrients and the practicability of spreading and ploughing in are seasonal, whereas a sludge and slurry are produced at a more or less constant rate. In the case of slurries, seme form of storage is inevitable, and commonly takes place in open pits. Scxne digestion and therefore stabilisation takes place during storage, reducing the capacity of the slurry to cause odour nuisance, and as long as the surface crust is not disturbed, little odour results. It is the emptying of slurry pits that gives rise to the release of odour. 2. P rin ciple, Sources, of Odour at .^ weg e .lreatment Works." In Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming, 146. CRC Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482286311-58.

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"The lake trapping was continued twice monthly from February 1991, two years after the first filling of the stage 2A reservoir, until June 1993. The trapping locality at Toonpan was essentially the same as for the 1984–85 studies except that for Big Bay was moved a few hundred metres up the incline. Because the expansion from stage 1 to 2A involved extensive clearing of marginal scrub, grassland and forest, almost total control of five mosquito species utilizing tree holes and plant axils (Aedes alboscutellaris, Aedes mallochi, Aedes purpureus, Aedes quasirubithorax) or shaded pools (Uranotaenia nivipes) occurred. The transformation of temporary wetland with ti-trees (Melaleuca spp.), lilies (Nymphoides indica, Nymphaea gigantea) and submerged plants into an unvegetated muddy foreshore similarly reduced Mansonia spp. and Coquillettidia crassipes, whose larvae depend on attachment to arenchymatous or lacunate macrophytes. Larvae of these genera have pointed reinforced tips to their siphons which are used to pierce these plants to breathe. Because of the devastating nature of the inundation and the time required for new breeding habitat to re-establish, mosquito populations increased through to the end of 1993 but the mean abundance of adult Culex annulirostris had not changed significantly from stage 1 levels. The trend for this species and for Anopheles annulipes was upward, and one can only speculate on population levels when the marginal vegetation has fully established. Due to the extensive loss of marginal vegetation and the creation of expanses of shallow muddy pools, especially towards Toonpan, Anopheles amictus and Aedes normanensis populations increased by 36-fold and 282-fold, respectively (Figure 9.2). The ramifications of this are interesting as Aedes normanensis is well recognized as a vector of Ross River virus and Murray Valley encephalitis, especially inland where Anopheles amictus (probably another species complex) has been the source of Ross River, Barmah Forest and Edge Hill viruses. Control of mosquitoes is usually directed at removal of breeding habitat (source reduction) or aimed at larvae which often aggregate in large numbers in discrete sites. Aedes normanensis is ephemeral and its desiccation-resistant eggs characteristically hatch in response to wet season rainfall filling up temporary pools. Plague numbers appear one month and may be gone the next. More accurate definition of these breeding sites, particularly at Toonpan, Antill Creek and Ross River, is required before control options can be considered. As already mentioned, the clearing process created vast expanses of bare muddy pools, particularly at the north-eastern end (e.g. Toonpan). As the lake gradually receded during the dry season, ideal breeding sites were created and populations increased through spring (from September) and also in the late wet season (March to April) when dry sites were refilled by rainfall. Thus, although the land clearing had benefits in eliminating tropical itch mites and some minor mosquito species, it probably paved the way for population growth of Aedes normanensis and Anopheles amictus. This could possibly be considered a dubious swap, although time will tell. Little is known of their biology and their flight range, the latter being of obvious importance to recreational activity at the other end of the lake. Fortunately, however, they are mainly active at night." In Water Resources, 144–45. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203027851-32.

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Conference papers on the topic "Possible removal options"

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Griffin, Timothy, Dominikus Bu¨cker, and Allen Pfeffer. "Technology Options for Gas Turbine Power Generation With Reduced CO2 Emission." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68806.

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ALSTOM Power R&D laboratories run various programs aimed at finding options that reduce or avoid CO2 emissions through: • High efficiency power generation equipment to utilize fossil fuels with the lowest possible emissions, and • Technologies to remove and sequester CO2 created in power plants in an environmentally and economically favorable manner. In this paper, an overview of on-going CO2 mitigation activities for gas turbine power generation is addressed. Energy efficiency improvements for both new and existing fossil fuel power plants are briefly reviewed. Customer requirements for future power plants with reduced CO2 emissions are discussed. Novel power generation cycles with exhaust gas recirculation for enhanced CO2 removal are introduced and evaluated. Conclusions are drawn regarding their efficiency, energy consumption and technical feasibility.
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Cross, M. T., N. F. Harman, D. Charles, A. Harper, B. K. Bylkin, Yu E. Gorlinksy, V. I. Kolyadin, et al. "Decommissioning Strategy Options for MR Reactor at the Kurchatov Institute, Moscow." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7191.

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The principal decommissioning goal for the nuclear installations of the Kurchatov Institute is the removal of spent fuel, reactor facilities and radioactive waste from the Institute’s site. As the result of decommissioning, the buildings, constructions and areas should be cleaned to residual contamination levels acceptable to the stakeholders. These levels are determined in view of possible options for the rehabilitation of the Institute’s areas under conditions of compliance with acting legislation for safety provisions for staff, population noting the proximity of the site to the local urban environment. Research reactor MR was commissioned in 1963 for reactor materials testing and finally shutdown in 1993. The reactor power with the experimental loops was 50 MWt. Several features were identified for the development of a decommissioning strategy for this reactor, namely: – the strategy should consider many factors in a broad approach with international, inter-industry and long-term perspectives; – the current situation for decommissioning is uncertain and must account for the views of a variety of stakeholders on possible final conditions and further use of the site and the route to achieve these; and – a lack of sufficiency in the national legislation base for execution of the work and the possible options for its completion. On the basis of worldwide experience, the strategy for decommissioning of reactor MR was determined as follows: – determination of the options for the final rehabilitation of the Institute’s areas; – determination of the stakeholders and their priority concerns; – determination of the strategy options for achievement of the final status; – determination of the main factors influencing the selection of the decommissioning strategy; – selection of the most acceptable strategies on the basis of a multi-attribute analysis; – determination of the main stages and principles of implementation of the selected strategy; and – development of the decommissioning activities considering the work that will be required. As the result of the multi-attribute analysis, the following conclusion has been made: – the preferred final status of the facility is for a nuclear re-use application; – the preferred decommissioning option is immediate dismantling.
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Hitchcock, Christopher S., Richard W. Gailing, and Scott C. Lindvall. "Geotechincal Assessment for Mitigation of a High-Pressure Pipeline Across Active Landslides: Design of a Directional Bore in Southern California." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64326.

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Landslides are often a hazard to high-pressure gas transmission pipelines operating in hilly and mountainous terrain. Typical mitigation options include pipeline rerouting or removing the landslide from the pipeline, if possible. When rerouting or hazard removal is not a viable option due to terrain conditions or the size of the landslide loading the pipeline, directional bores can be used to place the pipeline beneath the active portion of the slope failure. As part of our study of the geotechnical viability of mitigation options for a pipeline impacted by coastal landslides, rerouting and landslide mitigation alternatives were fully investigated. Geologic interpretation of high-resolution, publicly available IfSAR and privately-flown LiDAR data were used to evaluate alternative routes around active and potentially active landslides. Geotechnical borings through the landslides ultimately provided sufficient information supporting directional drilling beneath the active landslides as the most efficient alternative, returning the pipeline to full service.
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Webb, Ralph L. "Next Generation Devices for Electronic Cooling." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42179.

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Conventional technology to cool desktop computers and servers is that of the “direct heat removal” heat sink, which consists of a heat sink/fan mounted on the CPU. Although this is a very cost effective solution, it is nearing its end of life. This is because future higher power CPUs will require a lower R-value than can be provided by this technology, within current size and fan limits. This paper discusses new technology that uses “indirect heat removal” technology, which involves use of a single or two-phase working fluid to transfer heat from the hot source to an ambient heat sink. This technology will support greater heat rejection than is possible with the “direct heat removal” method. Further, it will allow use of higher performance air-cooled ambient heat sinks than are possible with the “direct heat removal” heat sink. A concern of the indirect heat removal technology is the possibility that it may be orientation sensitive. This paper identifies preferred options and discusses the degree to which they are (or or not) orientation sensitive. It should be possible to attain an R-value of 0.12K/W at the balance point on the fan curve.
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Bjerve, Yngvil, and Olav Bolland. "Assessment of Power Generation Concepts on Oil Platforms in Conjunction With CO2 Removal." In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-378.

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The introduction in 1991 of a CO2-tax on offshore combustion of natural gas has lead to an increased interest in both energy conservation and the possibility of separating CO2 from gas turbine exhaust. In this paper, several power generation concepts based on natural gas combustion by existing technology have been assessed in order to find the concept best suited for CO2 removal. An important factor when developing processes for offshore implementation is that space and weight are very expensive offshore. The suggested process consists of a power generation unit, a CO2 absorption unit and a CO2 compression unit. The power generation concepts have been evaluated in order to find the concept which combines the factors low exhaust gas flow, high CO2 concentration, high efficiency and low weight in the best possible manner. The result of the assessment is that a combined cycle with recycling of 40% of the exhaust volume back to the compressor inlet, is best suited for CO2 removal among the options studied.
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Rangaswamy, Partha, and N. Jayaraman. "Finite Element Modeling for Prediction of Residual Stresses in Fiber Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites." In ASME 1993 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1993-0058.

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Abstract In metal matrix composites residual stresses developing during the cool-down process after consolidation due to mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients between the ceramic fibers and metal matrix have been predicted using finite element analysis. Conventionally, unit cell models consisting of a quarter fiber surrounded by the matrix material have been developed for analyzing this problem. Such models have successfully predicted the stresses at the fiber-matrix interface. However, experimental work to measure residual stresses have always been on surfaces far away from the interface region. In this paper, models based on the conventional unit cell (one quarter fiber), one fiber, two fibers have been analyzed. In addition, using the element birth/death options available in the FEM code, the surface layer removal process that is conventionally used in the residual stress measuring technique has been simulated in the model. Such layer removal technique allows us to determine the average surface residual stress after each layer is removed and a direct comparison with experimental results are therefore possible. The predictions are compared with experimental results of an eight-ply unidirectional composite with Ti-24Al-11 Nb as matrix material reinforced with SCS-6 fibers.
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Toguri, Satohito, Takashi Ishii, Jiho Jang, Mitsunobu Okihara, Kengo Iwasa, Hitoshi Nakashima, and Hidekazu Asano. "Design Options for HLW Repository Operation Technology: Part V—Preliminary Study and Small Scale Experiments on the Method of Removal of Buffer Material With Salt Solution." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40254.

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The Nuclear Safety Commission of Japan stipulates that “When closing a waste disposal site, the validity of safety assessment results should be verified using the data obtained in the construction and operation phases as well. The retrieval of high-level radioactive waste should be made continuously possible during the period before the verification of the validity.”[1] Retrieving high-level radioactive waste requires the removal of the bentonite-based buffer around the emplaced overpack. In this study, focus was placed on a method for reducing the cohesion of bentonite, a major component of the buffer by dipping the buffer in fluid salt solution and dissolving the material into a slurry using fluid salt solution for removal (method of making a slurry). In order to examine the feasibility and the basic characteristics of the method, element tests were conducted using a small specimen of buffer and fluid salt solution (NaCl solution). In order to verify the feasibility of the infiltration and jetting of fluid salt solution, small-scale model tests were conducted using a specimen composed of 1/14-scale overpack and buffer. It was made clear that the infiltration and jetting of fluid salt solution was feasible as a method for removing a buffer.
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Zarea, Mures, Mark Piazza, Geoff Vignal, Charley Jones, Jerry Rau, and Rick Wang. "Review of R&D in Support of Mechanical Damage Threat Management in Onshore Transmission Pipeline Operations." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90654.

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Onshore pipeline industry has deployed in the last decade comprehensive integrity management programs in a constrained environment. These programs address all types of threats and resulting defects, yet the most complex defects are those due to mechanical damage, as they can combine local pipe deformations (dents) with metal removal (gouges) or even cracks. These programs are first placed in the broader risk management perspective that justify the whole approach and provide a view of the context. Then, operational threat management programs for mechanical damage as implemented by operators are briefly described here, and serve as a basis to identify the main gaps in terms of technology and knowledge. Finally, both incremental and more game-changing innovations as produced by R&D performed by PRCI and consultants, are described in subsequent sections as possible options to fill the identified gaps. Examples of roadmaps are provided that explain the coverage in terms of existing and evolving knowledge and technology, as provided by these R&D programs, to fill these gaps. These various levels of representations are complementary tools to communicate about links between operations, R&D, and their contributions to public safety.
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Hinzmann, Nils, Philipp Stein, and Jörg Gattermann. "Decommissioning of Offshore Monopiles, Occuring Problems and Alternative Solutions." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78577.

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The German offshore wind industry has historically grown since the first offshore wind farm (OWF) “alpha ventus” was completed in 2010. Since the end of 2017 a total number of 18 OWF with a capacity of about 5 GW have been operating in the German Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) [1]. While the majority of the population and the industry focus on new projects, it appears the life cycle observation and especially the decommissioning phase remain largely unattended. This narrow view can lead to unexpected and expensive consequences in the future. The decommissioning of a complex structure as an offshore wind turbine (OWT) needs to be planned well in advance. There are numerous aspects that make the decommissioning a challenge, such as the federal regulations, the marine environment and the technical limitations of offshore operations. This article gives an overview of the problematic matter of dealing with monopiles after the predicted lifetime, the geotechnical condition, analyses of the current decommissioning options and identification of issues in regards to the decommissioning method. Furthermore, other promising decommissioning methods for a complete removal of offshore monopiles, such as vibratory extraction, internal dredging, external jet drilling and the use of buoyancy force, are presented and compared concerning a possible combination. Some of the presented methods are highly experimental, others are commonly used in other industries.
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Ekkad, Srinath V., Pritish Parida, and Khai Ngo. "High Efficiency Minichannel and Mini-Impingement Cooling Systems for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Electronics." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2012-73041.

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Over the years, electronic equipment, especially semiconductor based devices, have found their applications in almost all fields of research. The demand for more power and performance from such electronic equipment has constantly been growing resulting in an increased amount of heat dissipation from these devices. While conventional cooling solutions have performed the task of heat removal, no straightforward extension has been possible for significantly high heat fluxes dissipated by smaller and more efficient electronic devices. Thermal management of high-density power control unit for hybrid electric vehicle is one such challenging application. Over the last few years, the performance of this power control unit has been improved and size has been reduced to attain higher efficiency and performance causing the heat dissipation as well as heat density to increase significantly. Efforts are constantly being made to reduce the PCU size even further and also to reduce the manufacturing costs. As a consequence, heat density will go up (∼200–250 W/cm2) and thus, a better high performance cooler/heat exchanger is required which can operate under the existing cooling system design (pressure drop limitation) and at the same time, maintain active devices temperature within optimum range (<120–125°C) for higher reliability. The focus of this paper is to discuss the development of various cooling options for high heat flux dissipating devices with severe size constraints. A parametric and optimization study on the selected designs was performed. Finally, the optimized cooler/heat exchanger was tested under actual running conditions. The methodology was to explore various high performance cooling options such as impinging jets, pin fins, and ribbed mini-channels and to arrive at new promising, conceptual designs. These new designs were then compared against similar conventional designs both numerically and experimentally. Additionally, conjugate heat transfer simulations were performed on partial packaging model to compare the various designs. Experiments were also performed to validate the simulation models and characterize the meshing parameters to perform cost and time effective calculations/simulations.
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