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Journal articles on the topic 'Post-apartheid era South Africa'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Adonis, Cyril K. "Generational victimhood in post-apartheid South Africa." International Review of Victimology 24, no. 1 (October 15, 2017): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269758017732175.

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In post-apartheid South Africa, insufficient consideration is given to how historical injustices affect current generations and how they could affect future generations. This has implications for issues such as intergenerational justice and equity. Framed within historical trauma theory and the life-course perspective, this paper explores notions of victimhood in post-apartheid Africa. It draws on qualitative interviews conducted with 20 children and grandchildren (10 females and 10 males) of victims of apartheid-era gross human rights violations. The interview data, which were interpretively analysed, yielded a number of salient themes. Participants’ sense of victimhood is anchored in their continuing socio-economic marginalisation deriving from the structural legacy of apartheid, as well as the pervasive racism that continues to bedevil South Africa well into the post-apartheid era. This is compounded by the perceived lack of accountability for historical injustices and the responsibilities that they perceive the government to have towards them. Given this, the paper argues for a reconceptualisation of the notion of victimhood and giving greater consideration to the impact that the structural legacy of apartheid has on the contemporary existential realities of Black South Africans.

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Binns, Tony, and Etienne Nel. "Supporting Local Economic Development in Post-Apartheid South Africa." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 17, no. 1 (February 2002): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690940110073800.

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South Africa's apartheid era has left a bitter legacy of retarded economic development. Local Economic Development has been identified by the South African government as a key strategy through which issues of development and, more importantly, poverty alleviation can be addressed by local governments. This paper reviews current Local Economic Development policy in South Africa, before proceeding to an examination and analysis of the impact of the primary government support mechanism designed to promote such development initiatives, namely the Local Economic Development Fund. Whilst such support is of vital importance, far greater levels of intervention will be needed to fully address the massive scale of current local development needs.

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3

Yesufu, Shaka. "Human rights and the policing of disorder in South Africa: challenges and future directions." EUREKA: Social and Humanities, no. 3 (May 31, 2021): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2021.001861.

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Unarguably, the South African Police during the apartheid era was characterised by brutality and state repression, including the political executions of several South African citizens who dared oppose the apartheid regime. The post-apartheid era has also witnessed deaths of citizens at the hands of the police during demonstrations, demanding better service delivery, higher wages, improved working conditions, and an end to marginalisation and poverty. The author presents some cases of police human rights violations concerning policing citizen’s protests. This is a qualitative study, relying on extensive literature review by previous researchers. The findings of this study are: The South Africa Police Service continues to violate citizen's right to protest, which is enshrined in the Republic of South Africa’s constitution under chapter 2 “Bill of Rights” and other international legal jurisprudence. The South African police have failed to perform their duties professionally and effectively when it comes to policing protests. Crown management remains an elusive issue both during the apartheid and post-apartheid eras. The author recommends a demilitarization of the police consistent with the South African government policy recommendation, found in the National Development Plan 2030.

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Mlambo, Daniel Nkosinathi, and Victor H. Mlambo. "To What Cost to its Continental Hegemonic Standpoint: Making Sense of South Africa’s Xenophobia Conundrum Post Democratization." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 8, no. 2 (May 10, 2021): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/696.

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From the 1940s, a period where the National Party (NP) came into power and destabilized African and Southern Africa’s political dynamics, South Africa became a pariah state and isolated from both the African and African political realms and, to some extent, global spectrum(s). The domestic political transition period (1990-1994) from apartheid to democracy further changed Pretoria’s continental political stance. After the first-ever democratic elections in 1994, where the African National Congress (ANC) was victorious, South Africa was regarded as a regional and continental hegemon capable of re-uniting itself with continental and global politics and importantly uniting African states because of its relatively robust economy. However, the demise of apartheid brought immense opportunities for other African migrants to come and settle in South Africa for diverse reasons and bring a new enemy in xenophobia. Post-1994, xenophobia has rattled South Africa driven (albeit not entirely) by escalating domestic social ills and foreign nationals often being blamed for this. Using a qualitative methodology supplemented by secondary data, this article ponders xenophobia in post-democratization South Africa and what setbacks this has had on its hegemonic standpoint in Africa post the apartheid era.

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Grest, Jeremy. "South Africa in Africa: the post-apartheid era (review)." Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa 68, no. 1 (2008): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/trn.0.0016.

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6

Lucas, Marilyn, and Dean Stevenson. "Institutional victimisation in post-apartheid South Africa." South African Journal of Psychiatry 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2005): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v11i3.110.

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Objective. Institutionalisation of psychiatric patients was a prevalent treatment approach in the apartheid era of South Africa. Allegations of patient victimisation in the form of violence and abuse arose frequently during that time. From 1994 the process of democratisation introduced a strong human rights ethos. The post-apartheid Department of Health prioritised improvements in mental health care by recommending, inter alia, deinstitutionalisation and reintegration of patients into the community. Ten years later these interventions have proved difficult to institute and many patients are still hospitalised. The present study investigated whether currently hospitalised patients continue to experience violence and abuse.Method. This was an exploratory naturalistic study in which both qualitative and quantitative data were collected by means of a questionnaire and individual interviews.Results. Of the 127 patients who completed the study, more than 50% reported experiences of abuse. The main perpetrators were other patients, although violence on the part of staff was reported. Almost 44% of patients were frightened to stay in the hospital for treatment.Conclusion. A balance is needed between provision of care and protection from danger, and respect for the individual liberty of those suffering from serious mental illness in our society.

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7

Freund, Bill. "Labour Studies and Labour History in South Africa: Perspectives from the Apartheid Era and After." International Review of Social History 58, no. 3 (June 28, 2013): 493–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859013000217.

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AbstractThis article attempts to introduce readers to the impressive and influential historical and contemporary literature on South African labour. A literature with some earlier antecedents effectively applied classic sociological and historical themes to the specific conditions of South African political and economic development. Research on the phase of politicized and militant white worker action ties up with research into the international pre-World War I labour movement. The strength of this literature reflected the insurgent labour movement linked to political struggle against apartheid before 1990. After this review, the second half of the paper tries to consider and contextualize the challenging post-apartheid labour situation together with its political aspects. With the successful conclusion of the anti-apartheid struggle, students of the labour movement, as well as of South African society, have become more aware of the distance between establishing a liberal democracy and actually changing society itself in a direction leading towards less inequality and an improved life for those at the bottom of society, or even the broad mass of the population. As recent literature reveals, the development of post-apartheid South Africa has been a differential and problematic experience for labour.

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8

UDJO, ERIC O. "A RE-EXAMINATION OF LEVELS AND DIFFERENTIAL IN FERTILITY IN SOUTH AFRICA FROM RECENT EVIDENCE." Journal of Biosocial Science 35, no. 3 (July 2003): 413–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932003004139.

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The final estimate of South Africa's population as of October 1996 from the first post-apartheid census by Statistics South Africa was lower (40·6 million) than expected (42 million). The expectation of a total population of 42 million was largely based on results of apartheid projections of South Africa's population. The results of the last apartheid census in South Africa in 1991 had been adjusted such that it was consistent with results modelling the population size of South Africa. The discrepancy between the final estimate of the 1996 census and that expected from the modelling described above, and the departure by Statistics South Africa from previous practice of adjusting the census results to be consistent with demographic models, has generated controversies regarding the accuracy of the final results from the 1996 census. This study re-examines levels and differential in fertility in South Africa from recent evidence in order to assess whether or not the fertility inputs in projections of South Africa's population during the apartheid era overestimated fertility.

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9

Veney, C. R. "India's Relations with South Africa During the Post-Apartheid Era." Journal of Asian and African Studies 34, no. 3 (January 1, 1999): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002190969903400304.

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10

Sherer, George. "Intergroup Economic Inequality in South Africa: The Post-Apartheid Era." American Economic Review 90, no. 2 (May 1, 2000): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.2.317.

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11

Rinehart, Robert E. "“Performing” Sport." International Review of Qualitative Research 2, no. 4 (February 2010): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/irqr.2010.2.4.445.

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This paper frames, and creates, a fictionalized two-act play based upon two real yet imagined contexts: 1) 1975, apartheid-era South Africa (involving cricket, Yacoob Omar—who was one of South Africa's premier Black cricketers during apartheid, other 1970s-era cricketers, and a fabricated scenario), and 2) a 1995, “post-apartheid” South Africa (involving the World Cup of Rugby, Nelson Mandela, and various others). These scenarios seek to explore sport practices, where some of the naturalized aims, ideologies, and assumptions of sport will be challenged. Might we, by challenging such deeply-held ideologies that much of sport promotes, begin to see sport as potentially liberatory, cooperative, and a possible means to promote understanding for the increasingly-divided societies of the world?

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12

Beyad, Maryam, and Hossein Keramatfar. "Subjection and Survival in J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace." Journal of Black Studies 49, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 152–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934717745066.

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Coetzee’s novel, Disgrace, constructs a disturbing picture of the state of post-apartheid South Africa. It was generally criticized on the ground that instead of sharing national enthusiasm, it damaged the hopes of constructing a just and nonracial society by perpetuating racial stereotypes and fueling interracial violence. Disgrace, however, this paper holds, is a realistic, though gloomy, narrative of human condition. It is the scene of individuals struggling for survival amid existential and social forces in post-apartheid culture. Apartheid represented the era of victimization, subjection, and pathological attachments. It distorted intersubjective relations, turned humans’ interactions into power struggles, and produced deformed, stunted subjects. This paper examines the continuing presence of these deformed subjects in new South Africa and the violence that their presence occasions. The residual presence of character deformity and pathological intersubjectivity is a social reality of the new South Africa in Disgrace, a reality that diminishes the prospect of the promised sane society of post-apartheid era.

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13

Gurr, Ted R. "Some Observations on Resistance and Revolution in Contemporary Africa." Journal of Asian and African Studies 47, no. 3 (June 2012): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909611428054.

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This unique essay, in which the author reminisces on and draws from his involvement as an expert witness in one of South Africa’s apartheid era political trials, is testimony that ideas live independently of their creators. Although the author was initially mentioned in the trial by the prosecution, which claimed that his book, Why Men Rebel, provided a four-stage model of revolutionary strategy for cadres of the Black People’s Convention (BPC) and the South African Students’ Organization (SASO), his subsequent testimony was for the defense, and was used to counter the prosecution. Here, the author applies the Why Men Rebel theory to South Africa to assess the issues raised in Kwandiwe Kondlo’s book, In the Twilight of the Revolution (2009), which examines the role played by the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) as well as the resultant multi-racial democratic dispensation in post-apartheid South Africa in South Africa’s anti-apartheid struggle. The essay and the revelations it encompasses are quite deep and relevant for a critical understanding of the trend of politics in post-liberation South Africa, in particular, and post-colonial Africa in general.

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14

Brauns, Melody, and Anne Stanton. "Reforming the health sector in South Africa – Post 1994." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 5, no. 3 (2015): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv5i3c2art2.

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This article reviews the efforts of the South African government in recognising development challenges of the post-apartheid era and assesses the approaches employed to bring about economic growth and to address inherited inequalities.

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15

Blom Hansen, Thomas. "Civics, civility and race in post-apartheid South Africa." Anthropological Theory 18, no. 2-3 (June 2018): 296–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1463499618773663.

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This article explores how, and why, the capacity for civic responsibility and civility of conduct became a central discursive and practical battleground in the colonial world. Nowhere was this more pronounced than in colonial and apartheid South Africa, where the putative benefits of self-government along separate racial lines became a crucial component of apartheid. Starting from a brief conceptual history of civility and colonialism, I argue that the principle of self-government was a central pivot of apartheid. I explore how the celebrated Civics movement that eventually brought apartheid down fostered civic ties and “ethno-civility” in a formerly Indian township in Durban from the 1970s to the 1990s. This legacy of ethno-civility has, however, turned out to be a major obstacle to the forging of relationships across racial boundaries in post-apartheid society. Deploying two ethnographic vignettes from this township, I argue that the ideals of global religious community today have taken the place as a promise of universality of mediation between groups and racial communities that the Civics movement used to occupy during the apartheid era. Yet, religious identities are unable to overcome deeper formations of racial and social difference.

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16

Badru, Pade. "Not Yet Uhuru: The Unfinished Revolution in Africa." Journal of Asian and African Studies 47, no. 3 (June 2012): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909611428053.

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In Kwandiwe Kondlo’s In the Twilight of the Revolution (2009), which examines the role of the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) of Azania in South Africa’s anti-apartheid struggle as the backdrop, this article surveys the momentum of social revolution in Sub-Saharan Africa during the decolonization era that started in the mid-20th century and ended with South Africa’s transition to a multi-racial democracy in 1994. It argues that the failure of the African elite to achieve a genuine independence from both colonial rule and South Africa’s apartheid system is largely because of inconsistent nationalist ideologies and the detachment of the African elite from the popular struggles of the people, which could have resulted in the revolutionary overthrow of the colonial state and the dawn of more progressive and autonomous states all across Black Africa. It concludes that this failure led to the continuing instability of the post-colonial states across Africa and, in South Africa, to the achievement of a particular form of multi-racial democracy with very little or no change to the real politics of apartheid and Boer domination.

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17

Savage, Michael. "Building Health Services For A Post-Apartheid Era." Issue 18, no. 2 (1990): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700501097.

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Health care services in South Africa are in decline. Inadequate resources, the fragmentation of services along racial lines, their division between a confused jumble of authorities together with a growing privatization of medical care are among the many factors having grave effects on an already poorly constructed health service. The persistence of high levels of infant mortality and the widespread nature of preventable disease provide clear measures indicating that existing health services have failed to meet the needs of the majority of the population for basic medical care. The changes that are currently underway in health services are making it less likely that they can adequately contribute to providing health for all.

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Savage, Michael. "Building Health Services For A Post-Apartheid Era." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 18, no. 2 (1990): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1548450500003875.

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Health care services in South Africa are in decline. Inadequate resources, the fragmentation of services along racial lines, their division between a confused jumble of authorities together with a growing privatization of medical care are among the many factors having grave effects on an already poorly constructed health service. The persistence of high levels of infant mortality and the widespread nature of preventable disease provide clear measures indicating that existing health services have failed to meet the needs of the majority of the population for basic medical care. The changes that are currently underway in health services are making it less likely that they can adequately contribute to providing health for all.

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19

White, Aaronette M., and Cheryl A. Potgieter. "Teaching Community Psychology in Postapartheid South Africa." Teaching of Psychology 23, no. 2 (April 1996): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2302_2.

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Community Psychology can play an important role in the post-apartheid psychology curriculum as South Africa struggles to implement its Reconstruction Development Programme. A Community Psychology course was developed to address some of the pressing issues that face the Black majority in South Africa. The course perspective, course structure, reading materials, and assignments are described. The relevance of psychology during the postapantheid era and the challenges that psychologists face at historically Black South African universities are discussed. The course has been contextualized for South Africa; however, it can be adapted to suit any Community Psychology course taught in societies that struggle with racist, sexist, and economic forms of oppression.

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20

Ramutsindela, Maano Freddy. "Afrikaner Nationalism, Electioneering and the Politics of a Volkstaat." Politics 18, no. 3 (September 1998): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9256.00076.

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The liberation of South Africa from the shackles of apartheid signifies the end of the last out-post of white domination in South Africa, and opened a new chapter on the search for a common South Africanism. The process of nation-building is haunted by relics of nationalist trends, one of which is Afrikaner nationalism. This article deals with certain aspects of Afrikaner nationalism which have continued into the post- apartheid era. It uses the division among Afrikaner nationalists to show the link between conservative Afrikaner nationalism, electioneering and the pursuit for a volkstaat (white homeland).

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Kibble, Steve, Paul Goodison, and Balefi Tsie. "The Uneasy Triangle - South Africa, Southern Africa and Europe in the Post-Apartheid Era." International Relations 12, no. 4 (April 1995): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004711789501200403.

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22

Thomas, David P. "Public Transportation in South Africa: Challenges and Opportunities." World Journal of Social Science Research 3, no. 3 (July 20, 2016): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v3n3p352.

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<p><em>This article engages with several important questions regarding the state of public transportation in South Africa. It provides a brief description of the historical legacy of apartheid in relation to public transport, and the challenges this posed to the government after 1994. This is followed by a summary of the changing policy frameworks in the post-apartheid era, and an examination of the current policies, trajectories, and major transportation projects within the country. For example, this includes a more detailed discussion of major infrastructure projects such as the Gautrain and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in the form of Rea Vaya. Overall, the article argues that the South African government is struggling to build an inclusive public transportation infrastructure that addresses issues of poverty, access, and inequality. Finally, the article will conclude with a set of recommendations to build a more inclusive transportation policy framework for South Africa. </em></p>

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23

Beri, Ruchita. "Indo‐South African relations in the post‐apartheid era." Strategic Analysis 22, no. 2 (May 1998): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700169808458807.

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24

Gibbs, Timothy. "Apartheid South Africa's segregated legal field: black lawyers and the Bantustans." Africa 90, no. 2 (February 2020): 293–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972019001050.

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AbstractThe history of South Africa's urban-based ‘struggle lawyers’ – a trajectory epitomized by Nelson Mandela – is much discussed by historians and biographers, reflecting a broader vein of historiography that celebrates anti-colonial legal activism. However, it was South Africa's ‘Native Reserves’ and Bantustans that produced the majority of African lawyers for much of the twentieth century. Indeed, two-thirds of the African justices who have sat on the post-apartheid Constitutional Court either practised or trained in the Bantustans during the apartheid era. The purpose of this article is thus to reappraise South Africa's ‘legal field’ – the complex relationship between professional formation, elite reproduction and the exercise of political power – by tracing the ambiguous role played by the Native Reserves/Bantustans in shaping the African legal profession across the twentieth century. How did African lawyers, persistently marginalized by century-long patterns of exclusion, nevertheless construct an elite profession within the confines of segregation and apartheid? How might we link the histories of the Bantustans with the better-known ‘struggle historiography’ that emphasizes the role of political and legal activism in the cities? And what are the implications of South Africa's segregated history for debates about the ‘decolonization’ of the legal profession in the post-apartheid era?

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Picard, Catherine H. "Post-apartheid perceptions of the Greater St Lucia Wetland Park, South Africa." Environmental Conservation 30, no. 2 (June 2003): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892903000171.

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In the wake of apartheid, South African protected areas have come under increasing pressure to reconcile a wealth of natural resources with the acute social and economic needs of the black rural majority. Demands for land reform, poverty alleviation and job creation have all had profound implications for the conservation and management of the nation's protected areas. An attitudinal study was conducted within three diverse South African communities, and among employees of the Kwa Zulu-Natal Nature Conservation Service (KZN Wildlife) to assess how the Greater St Lucia Wetland Park (GSWP) and the authorities charged with its management are perceived in the context of post-apartheid South Africa. Despite significant revisions to South Africa's conservation policies in the post-apartheid era, attitudinal research has continued to focus on rural black communities, leaving white residents, urban black populations and the conservation authorities themselves largely under-represented. As a result, the relationships between local communities, protected areas and conservation authorities remain largely unknown and outdated. Qualitative analysis of 90 semi-structured interviews indicated limited support (5%) for the abolition of the GSWP. The potential loss of the GSWP was associated with negative economic (88%) and environmental (66%) impacts by all respondents, regardless of race, gender, age or residency. Contrary to previous research conducted during the apartheid era, an overwhelming majority of Zulu respondents perceived a positive association between nature conservation, tourism and improved local economic welfare. Thus, local attitudes towards protected areas appeared to be improving. There remained however a discrepancy between support for the GSWP and the management authorities, particularly among respondents with limited contact with conservation staff. This is consistent with previous surveys where residents expressed support for the concept of conservation, but significant hostility towards local conservation authorities. The distinction is critical, as negative attitudes towards conservation authorities are often misinterpreted as a lack of support for conservation in general. Local residents (regardless of race or socioeconomic status) also expressed high expectations of KZN Wildlife to address issues of unemployment, poverty and tourism in the region. If these expectations are not met, support for the GSWP, as well as the conservation authorities, is likely to decline dramatically.

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Mbekeni, Lutho, and Andrew Phiri. "South African Unemployment in the Post-Financial Crisis Era: What are the Determinants?" Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 20, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 230–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2020-0046.

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Abstract Research background: High unemployment rates are one of the greatest economic challenges facing the post-apartheid South African government over the past two decades and this problem has become more worrisome in the post-global financial crisis period. Purpose: Our study examines the determinants of unemployment for the South African economy in the post-crisis period over a quarterly frequency period of 2009:Q1 to 2018:Q4. The determinants are examined for four classes of unemployment rates (total, male, female and youth) and we further partition possible unemployment determinants into fiscal, monetary and macroeconomic variables. Research methodology: We employ the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) models. Results: We find income tax, repo rates, economic growth, trade, investment, household debt and savings to be significant determinants of unemployment in the post-crisis South African economy and yet we note discrepancies of the significance of these determinants amongst different unemployment categories. Novelty: No study has examined the determinants of unemployment in South Africa in the post-financial crisis era.

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O. Ntsuxeko, Shibambu, and Kola O. Odeku. "The intricacies and challenges of ensuring safe and healthy mining environments in South Africa." Environmental Economics 8, no. 3 (August 23, 2017): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.08(3).2017.02.

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In South Africa, during the apartheid era, the mining sector had records of extremely high injuries and occupational diseases that led to massive death of mine workers who were predominantly Blacks. In the post-apartheid era, measures such as monitoring, inspections, investigations and regulatory interventions have been introduced to identify hazards with the aim of minimizing and eliminating the risk to health and safety of mine workers. However, despite these interventions and measures, the pace of ensuring total eradication of accidents and fatalities is slow and there is a need to accelerate it, as every life is important. This can only be realized if there is substantial improvement in the implementation, enforcement and compliance with legislation, measures and policies that have been put in place to curb accidents, diseases and fatalities in the mining sector. This article examines the effectiveness of the interventions, points out the weaknesses and provides viable solutions for improvement. The article also highlights the importance of trade unions and technologies as catalysts to drive and improve safety standards in the mining environments.

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Booth, Douglas. "Mandela and Amabokoboko: the Political and Linguistic Nationalisation of South Africa?" Journal of Modern African Studies 34, no. 3 (September 1996): 459–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00055555.

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South African sports officials recently agreed to retain the Springbok as the emblem and sobriquet of the national rugby team. The decision, which followed protracted debate, raises important questions about the construction of national identity in the post-apartheid era. Why has this traditional symbol of white racial superiority been reprieved? And can Springbok rugby help mould all South Africa's peoples into a nation…with common feelings of loyalty and belonging to each other?

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Chehabi, H. E. "South Africa and Iran in the Apartheid Era." Journal of Southern African Studies 42, no. 4 (June 30, 2016): 687–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2016.1201330.

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30

Cabrita, Joel. "Writing Apartheid: Ethnographic Collaborators and the Politics of Knowledge Production in Twentieth-Century South Africa." American Historical Review 125, no. 5 (December 2020): 1668–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhaa512.

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Abstract Knowledge production in apartheid-era South Africa was a profoundly collaborative process. In particular, throughout the 1930s–1950s, the joint intellectual labor of both Africans and Europeans created a body of knowledge that codified and celebrated the notion of a distinct realm of Zulu religion. The intertwined careers of Swedish missionary to South Africa Bengt Sundkler and isiZulu-speaking Lutheran pastor-turned-ethnographer Titus Mthembu highlight the limitations of overly clear demarcations between “professional” versus “lay” anthropologists as well as between “colonial European” versus “indigenous African” knowledge. Mthembu and Sundkler’s decades-long collaboration resulted in a book called Bantu Prophets in South Africa ([1948] 1961). The work is best understood as the joint output of both men, although Sundkler scarcely acknowledged Mthembu’s role in the conceptualization, research, and writing of the book. In an era of racial segregation, the idea that African religion occupied a discrete, innately different sphere that the book advanced had significant political purchase. As one of a number of African ideologues supportive of the apartheid state, Mthembu mobilized his ethnographic findings to argue for innate racial difference and the virtues of “separate development” for South Africa’s Zulu community. His mysterious death in 1960 points to the high stakes of ethnographic research in the politically fraught climate of apartheid South Africa.

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Boyd, J. Barron. "South Africa and its neighbours continuity and change in the post‐apartheid era." Politikon 19, no. 2 (June 1992): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589349208704968.

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Strecker, Damien. "Chiefs in South Africa: Law Power & Culture in the Post-Apartheid Era." African and Asian Studies 6, no. 1-2 (2007): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921007x166934.

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Matotoka, Motlhatlego D. "Discrimination on the grounds of pregnancy, denial of maternity leave and lack of conducive environment for nursing mother in the workplace in South Africa." Obiter 41, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 593–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v41i3.9581.

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In South Africa, women continue to be discriminated against on the grounds of being pregnant in the workplace and sometimes they are denied maternity leave, breastfeeding and childcare facilities. Methodologically, using a descriptive and content analysis research approach, this article examines how the apartheid era restricted the rights of pregnant women in the workplace, particularly black African women. Post-1994 South Africa, the article utilised various protective transformative legal and policy interventions that have been introduced and are being implemented to address the problem of discrimination against women on the grounds of pregnancy in the workplace.

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Ocita, James. "Re-Membered Pasts, Dismembered Families." Matatu 48, no. 1 (2016): 88–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-04801007.

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The essay explores, first, the centrality of family structures in the practices and transmission of value-systems associated with Indianness; and, secondly, how material objects that are sourced from ‘India’ are fetishized and deployed through such performances to counter realities of cultural loss and alienation that follow migration and dislocation in three post-apartheid novels: Imraan Coovadia’s The Wedding (2001), Aziz Hassim’s The Lotus People (2002), and Ronnie Govender’s Song of the Atman (2006). These novels emerge in the context of the desire for a definitive history that both reassures Indians of their legitimate space in the post-apartheid formation and balances the tension between common citizenship founded on a non-racial constitution and the need to articulate Indianness in South Africa. For many scholars, the post-apartheid moment and its ‘rainbow-nation’ project simultaneously activates the past and the opportunity to articulate Indian identity that in the apartheid era had, for political reasons, been rejected in favour of a ‘black’ identity claimed by all the oppressed peoples of South Africa.

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Roos, Neil. "South African History and Subaltern Historiography: Ideas for a Radical History of White Folk." International Review of Social History 61, no. 1 (April 2016): 117–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859016000080.

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AbstractIn considering how “radical” histories of ordinary whites under apartheid might be written, this essay engages with several traditions of historical scholarship “from” and “of” below. For three decades, Marxist-inspired social history dominated radical historiography in South Africa. It has, however, proved little able to nurture historiography of whites that is politically engaged and acknowledges post-Marxist currents in the discipline. I advocate a return to theory and suggest that new sources may be drawn from the academy and beyond. Historiographies “of” below need not necessarily be historiographies “from” below and this article proposes the idea of a “racial state” as an alternative starting point for a history of apartheid-era whites. It goes on to argue that Subaltern Studies, as a dissident, theoretically eclectic and interdisciplinary current in historiography offers useful perspectives for exploring the everyday lives of whites in South Africa. After suggesting a research agenda stemming from these theoretical and comparative insights, I conclude by reflecting on the ethics of writing histories of apartheid-era whites.

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Kaunda, Chammah Judex. "‘A Voice Shouting in the Wilderness’." International Journal of Public Theology 9, no. 1 (February 3, 2015): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15697320-12341378.

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The purpose of this article is to contribute to an on-going call for more life-giving public prophetic preaching in the context of multidimensional social injustice in Africa by evaluating some sermons of Desmond Tutu as an African model for public prophetic preaching. Tutu has been one of South Africa’s leading sociotheological praxis theologians esteemed for persistently calling for social justice, moral-ethical responsibility and social emancipation. With consistency, he confronts social injustice, exposing inequalities since the apartheid era and continues to do so in post-apartheid. Through evaluation of the prophetic discourse of such a great personality, this article proposes an African theology of public prophetic preaching for social justice and wholeness.

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Powers, Theodore. "Echoes of austerity." Focaal 2019, no. 83 (March 1, 2019): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2019.830102.

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South Africa’s post-apartheid era has been marked by the continuation of racialized socioeconomic inequality, a social situation produced by earlier periods of settlement, colonization, and apartheid. While the ruling African National Congress has pursued a transformative political agenda, it has done so within the confines of neoliberal macroeconomic policy, including a period of fiscal austerity, which has had limited impact on poverty and inequality. Here, I explore how policy principles associated with austerity travel across time, space, and the levels of the state in South Africa, eventually manifesting in a public health policy that produced cuts to public health services. In assessing these sociopolitical dynamics, I utilize policy process as a chronotope to unify diverse experiences of temporality relative to austerity-inspired public health policy.

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Rogerson, Christian M., and Jayne M. Rogerson. "Racialized Landscapes of Tourism: From Jim Crow USA to Apartheid South Africa." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 48, no. 48 (June 23, 2020): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2020-0010.

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AbstractTourism studies, including by geographers, give only minor attention to historically-informed research. This article contributes to the limited scholarship on tourism development in South Africa occurring during the turbulent years of apartheid (1948 to 1994). It examines the building of racialized landscapes of tourism with separate (but unequal) facilities for ‘non-Whites’ as compared to Whites. The methodological approach is archival research. Applying a range of archival sources tourism linked to the expanded mobilities of South Africa's ‘non-White’ communities, namely of African, Coloureds (mixed race) and Asians (Indians) is investigated. Under apartheid the growth of ‘non-White’ tourism generated several policy challenges in relation to national government's commitments towards racial segregation. Arguably, the segregated tourism spaces created for ‘non-Whites’ under apartheid exhibit certain parallels with those that emerged in the USA during the Jim Crow era.

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Everatt, David. "The Era of Ineluctability? Post-Apartheid South Africa After 20 Years of Democratic Elections." Journal of Southern African Studies 42, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2016.1116326.

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Salisbury, Taylor. "Education and inequality in South Africa: Returns to schooling in the post-apartheid era." International Journal of Educational Development 46 (January 2016): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.07.004.

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Liu, Aying, and David S. Saal. "Structural Change in Apartheid-era South Africa: 1975-93." Economic Systems Research 13, no. 3 (September 2001): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537320120070130.

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Iyer, Desan, and Dev Datt Tewari. "An Analysis of the State’s Obligation to Provide Access to Sufficient Water: A South African Perspective." African Journal of Legal Studies 10, no. 2-3 (December 7, 2017): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340018.

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Abstract Many people in Africa, and around the world, do not have access to pipe or running water despite efforts being made to actualise socio-economic rights. South Africa is no different. The advent of the South African Constitution, as well as a strong commitment to advancing social and economic rights and values, has seen post-apartheid reforms in South Africa as well as an evolving water framework being confronted with new binary challenges. The era of social change has consequently underscored the need for an urgent redress of incongruences that still exist in respect of access to sufficient water. Despite South Africa adopting progressive policy frameworks for water in recent times, stark inequalities between communities in respect of access to sufficient water remain a contentious issue. The article will seek to analyse the developmental mandate of local government’s responsibilities in respect of safeguarding and giving effect to a key socio-economic right in South Africa.

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McKeever, Matthew. "Educational Inequality in Apartheid South Africa." American Behavioral Scientist 61, no. 1 (January 2017): 114–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764216682988.

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In this article, I explore the utility of effectively maintained inequality theory in examining educational inequality in South Africa at the end of the apartheid era. As an obviously unequal country, South Africa provides an excellent opportunity to test the claim that even with large quantitative differences in achievement, qualitative differences will matter. Using data from the early 1990s, I find that there were extensive quantitative differences in secondary school transitions across respondents in different racial categories. The minority White population was consistently able to achieve both more and better education. At the same time, though, qualitative distinctions mattered. For the majority of the population, particularly Africans, the quality of education attained varied across parental background. These outcomes are important not only for examining the veracity of effectively maintained inequality, both in terms of racial and class differences but also because they illustrate how educational differences have served to perpetuate inequality over time in a society that no longer allows for the explicit denial of opportunity by race.

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Campbell, Kurt. "Philological Reversion in Post-Apartheid South Africa: The Sand Writing and Alternate Alphabets of Willem Boshoff." Philological Encounters 3, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): 524–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519197-12340053.

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Abstract This article focuses on the conceptual implications of specific works of contemporary artist and wordsmith Adriaan Willem Boshoff. Boshoff uses his creations to challenge the terms of the current debate around indigenous languages in southern Africa through artworks such as Blind Alphabet and his Sand Writing Series. These works call viewers to an emphatic return to an understanding of scripts (and the worlds they produce) as embodied systems of tradition that occupy the central place not only in the groups they serve, but indeed in a larger vision of a culturally tolerant and affirmative nation. The article tracks key South African educational policies such as the Apartheid era Bantu Education Act of 1953, and the Corrective Language Act of 1998 after the first democratic elections to contextualize the politics of legislative development in South Africa as related to indigenous scripts and languages. Beyond this bureaucratic history, the article foregrounds partisan agency that individuals such as Wilhelm Bleek, Lucy Lloyd and Magrieta Jantjies displayed as custodians of endangered scripts and languages, culminating in a discussion of the provocative works Boshoff created to stimulate critical thought on contemporaneous philological concerns in South Africa.

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Crafford, D. "Uitdagings vir die Ned Geref Kerk in Suidelike Afrika met Malawi en Zambië as illustrasiegebiede." Verbum et Ecclesia 11, no. 1 (July 18, 1990): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v11i1.1009.

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Challenges for the Dutch Reformed Church in Southern Africa with Malawi and Zambia as illustration areas What will be the challenges for the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa if in the coming decades its isolation from Africa could be ended because of political developments in a post-apartheid era? The Dutch Reformed Church planted indigenous churches in many African Countries like Botswana, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique and Namibia. The role of the church in Africa will be determined by its relations with these younger churches. The challenges in the fields of evangelism, church ministry, the youth and in the socioeconomic and political areas are illustrated specifically in the cases of Malawi and Zambia.

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DUGARD, JACKIE. "Judging the Judges: Towards an Appropriate Role for the Judiciary in South Africa's Transformation." Leiden Journal of International Law 20, no. 4 (December 2007): 965–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156507004578.

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In this article I draw on John Dugard's criticism of apartheid judges to initiate a discussion of the role and functioning of judges in the post-apartheid era. Using John's critique of the limits of judicial interpretation in an illegitimate order, I extend the analysis to review the record of the Constitutional Court in adjudicating socioeconomic rights cases post-1994. In doing so I propose a radical interpretation of the Court's role in society and an activist functioning of judges in South Africa's constitutional democracy. I conclude that, notwithstanding the momentous changes in the South African legal order since 1994, John's critique of the judiciary retains much value and applicability today.

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Hentz, J. "South Africa in Africa: The post-apartheid era, edited by Adekeye Adebajo, Adebayo Adedeji, and Chris Landsberg." African Affairs 108, no. 431 (April 1, 2009): 336–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adp012.

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van Laun, Bianca. "Following the image: Examining the multiple afterlives of apartheid-era prison identification photographs." Journal of African Cinemas 12, no. 2-3 (December 1, 2020): 137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jac_00033_1.

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Drawing on debates on materiality, this article investigates the lives and multiple afterlives of prison identification photographs of individuals hanged by the apartheid state in South Africa during the 1960s for crimes framed as political. In recent years these photographs have been recovered and repurposed as part of post-apartheid nation-building and memorialization projects. Under the auspices of the Gallows Memorialization Project, bureaucratic records and photographs have been recovered from the apartheid state archives, reinterpreted and placed into different and new ‘presentational circumstances’ that desires to overturn their original oppressive logic. However, as the photographs and documents are used to fix the identities of particular individuals that the project seeks to commemorate, the logic that drives their reproduction in the new configurations and contexts seems to replicate the bureaucratic rationality that produced them.

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MacFarlane, Campbell. "Terrorism in South Africa." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 18, no. 2 (June 2003): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00000893.

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AbstractThe Republic of South Africa lies at the southern tip of the African continent. The population encompasses a variety of races, ethnic groups, religions, and cultural identities. The country has had a turbulent history from early tribal conflicts, colonialisation, the apartheid period, and postapartheid readjustment.Modern terrorism developed mainly during the apartheid period, both by activities of the state and by the liberation movements that continued to the time of the first democratic elections in 1994, which saw South Africa evolve into a fully representative democratic state with equal rights for all.Since 1994, terrorist acts have been criminal-based, evolving in the Cape Town area to political acts, largely laid at the feet of a predominantly Muslim organisation, People against Gangsterism and Drugs, a vigilant organisation allegedly infiltrated by Muslim fundamentalists. Along with this, has been terrorist activities, mainly bombings by disaffected members of white, right-wing groups.In the apartheid era, a Draconian series of laws was enacted to suppress liberation activities. After 1994, most of these were repealed and new legislation was enacted, particularly after the events of 11 September 2001; this legislation allows the government to act against terrorism within the constraints of a democratic system. Disaster management in South Africa has been largely local authority-based, with input from provincial authorities and Civil Defence. After 1994, attempts were made to improve this situation, and national direction was provided. After 11 September 2001, activity was increased and the Disaster Management Act 2002 was brought into effect. This standardized disaster management system at national, provincial, and local levels, also facilites risk assessment and limitation as well as disaster mitigation.The potential still exists for terrorism, mainly from right wing and Muslim fundamentalist groups, but the new legislation should stimulate disaster management in South Africa to new and improved levels.

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Bolton, Kingsley, David Graddol, and Rajend Mesthrie. "Editorial." English Today 24, no. 2 (June 2008): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078408000138.

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The contents of this issue reflect the diversity of English today, as a world language, and as a language of diverse functions and possibilities, with contributions from Asia, South Africa and Europe. The first article by Kingsley Bolton looks at issues related to Asian Englishes, and attempts to survey major questions relating to the spread of English in the region. The second article by Rajend Mesthrie focuses on the role of English in contemporary South Africa and debates relating to the maintenance of African languages among young people in the post-apartheid era. One point that emerges from both articles is that English in both locations is seen as a middle-class language, or, at least, a language of middle-class aspiration.

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