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Journal articles on the topic 'Post-colonial economy'
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1
Buggie, Stephen E., and Guy C. Z. Mhone. "Malawi at the Crossroads: The Post-Colonial Political Economy." African Studies Review 38, no. 1 (April 1995): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/525498.
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Ahluwalia, Pal. "Towards (Re)Conciliation: The Post-Colonial Economy of Giving." Social Identities 6, no. 1 (March 2000): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504630051345.
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BOULTER, KEN. "Malawi at the Crossroads: The post-colonial political economy." African Affairs 94, no. 374 (January 1995): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098790.
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Ayentimi, Desmond Tutu, John Burgess, and Kerry Brown. "HRM development in post-colonial societies." International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 18, no. 2 (April 2, 2018): 125–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595818765863.
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This article is based on a literature review that integrates history, institutions and culture to address the following research questions. First, how did human resource management (HRM) progress during post-colonial Ghana? Second, what factors are likely to undermine the advancement of HRM practices in Ghana? Finally, what are the implications for HRM practice and theory? This article identified several factors originating from the economic and socio-cultural system as driving forces underpinning the advancement of HRM practices in Ghana. Key issues are (i) Ghanaian cultural beliefs and assumptions; (ii) respect for social status, power and authority; (iii) the involvement of religious institutions in business activities; (iv) the dominance of small and medium scale enterprises in the local economy (informal sector); (v) education, skills development and training mismatch; and (vi) lack of HRM professionalization and regulatory body. This article argues the assimilation of history, institutions and culture connects comparative HRM practices and post-colonial studies to establish a detailed understanding of persistent colonial institutional inheritance (legacies) of HRM practices as against HRM practices that signify the effects of Ghanaian contextual distinctiveness. We conclude that the best practice is building a synergy of foreign HRM practices alien to Ghana and the culture-sensitive Ghanaian version that produces the best-fit HRM practices for Ghana.
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agnes, osita-njoku. "The Political Economy of Development In Nigeria: From The Colonial To Post Colonial Eras." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 21, no. 09 (September 2016): 09–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-2109010915.
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Alferjani, Mansour, Soheila Mirshekary, Steven Dellaportas, Dessalegn Getie Mihret, and Ali Yaftian. "Development of accounting regulatory institutions in Libya (1951-2006)." Accounting Research Journal 31, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-01-2015-0007.
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Purpose This study aims to explain the driving forces behind the development of accounting regulatory institutions in post-colonial Libya. Design/methodology/approach The historical method is used to interpret relevant documentary evidence in the development of accounting in Libya vis-à-vis developments in the country’s post-colonial political-economic history. Findings The development of accounting regulation in Libya is traced to post-colonial political-economic history that occurred independent of the country’s colonial past. The immediate aftermath of colonialism (1951-1968) showed that Western accounting practices used by Western businesses operating in Libya were imbued by pro-Western ideology. Basic legislative requirements for accounting and auditing emerged during this period through legislation. Two distinct epochs surfaced during Muammar Gaddafi’s rule: initially, the state advocated a centrally planned economy, but in the 1980s, an ideological shift occurred, which opened the Libyan economy to the global market. The first epoch saw the formation of accounting regulatory agencies consistent with the state-centred organisation of society, and the second epoch engendered the development of accounting standards consistent with the developments in market-centred societies during the era of globalisation. Originality/value The study offers unique historical evidence on the development of accounting regulation in a developing country independent of its colonial history. The study enhances our understanding of how the interplay between the political economy and the ideological basis of the state determines the historical path of accounting as a basis for predicting the possible future direction of accounting development.
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Mukherjee, Aditya. "The Transformation of the Indian Economy in the Contemporary Period: from the Colonial to the Post-Colonial." Asian Review of World Histories 8, no. 1 (February 6, 2020): 24–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340062.
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Abstract The paper contrasts the important economic parameters during the last few decades of colonialism in India with those during the first few decades after independence. In doing so it questions the colonial position that colonialism led to development in the colony and further argues that it was the breaks from colonialism, rather than the continuities, which explain the post-colonial developments. The paper also critiques the Orthodox Left and the Dependency school argument that all post-colonial developments in the colony would lead to further underdevelopment or dependency unless the post-colonial country broke away from the capitalist system into socialism. Finally, it is argued that the continuities with colonialism are not so much in the economic sphere but in the social and intellectual sphere. The longest lasting legacies of colonialism have been that it has left behind a divided people and a people who are yet to fully overcome the colonization of the mind.
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Njoh, Ambe J. "The Political Economy of Urban Land Reforms in a Post-Colonial State." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 22, no. 3 (September 1998): 408–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00149.
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Poroma, C., U. J. David, and Onome Robinson Jackson. "Oil Economy and Female Prostitution in Port Harcourt." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 42 (October 2014): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.42.121.
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The research directs attention to the relationship between oil economy and increase in female prostitution. Specifically, we x-ray the historical and dialectical origin of prostitution from the colonial to the post colonial era. We contend that, prostitution is a condition imposed on females from low income background by poverty and that oil exploration and exploitation activities which are a manifest consequence of the expanded reproduction of capital (ERC) accentuate the rate of prostitution particularly in Port Harcourt. It is against this backdrop that, we attempt to demystify the social processes and the dynamic relations that produce prostitution with a view to recommending theoretical and practical measures of curbing prostitution as a social problem.
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Breman, Jan. "Industrial Labour in Post-Colonial India. I: Industrializing the Economy and Formalizing Labour." International Review of Social History 44, no. 2 (August 1999): 249–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859099000498.
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In post-colonial India labour was given the connotation of work in industry. The labourer as a social figure became linked to the modern economy, a direction in which Indian society was to develop at a rapid rate. The agrarian–rural mode of life and work would soon fade away to be replaced by an industrial-urban order. The close association of labour economics with industrial employment was a logical consequence of this restructuring. The expectation of the transformation that was going to take place makes it understandable why authors of authoritative textbooks on the shape of the working class and the trade union movement were able more or less to ignore the non-industrial way of life of the large majority of the working population.
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Breman, Jan. "Industrial Labour in Post-Colonial India. II: Employment in the Informal-Sector Economy." International Review of Social History 44, no. 3 (December 1999): 451–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859099000619.
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Rural–urban migration, which started long before Independence, has accelerated during the last half century. Only a small minority of that army of migrants has found work in the formal sector of the economy, however. The greater part of the urban population, both long-established and newcomers, are excluded from such employment. How, then, has this gradually increasing mass of people managed to earn a living? The answer is with work of very diverse character which provides very little stability taken over the year, even if continuous and full-time. The categorization of informal-sector employment is largely determined by the image evoked by Hart on launching the concept. Hart's description stressed the colourful cavalcade of petty trades and crafts that can be encountered while walking the streets of Third-World cities, including those of India: hawkers, rag-and-bone men, shoe cleaners, tinkers, tailors, market vendors, bearers and porters, drink sellers, barbers, refuse collectors, beggars, whores and pimps, pickpockets and other small-time crooks. In the 1970s and 1980s in particular, registration of this repertoire of work expanded enormously. A noticeable factor is that publications on the subject did not originate among conventional researchers into labour, who were interested mainly in formal-sector employment. The contents of leading professional journals, such as The Indian Journal of Industrial Relations and The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, show that, for the time being, that one-sided interest did not change.
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Alexopoulou, Kleoniki, and Dácil Juif. "Colonial State Formation Without Integration: Tax Capacity and Labour Regimes in Portuguese Mozambique (1890s–1970s)." International Review of Social History 62, no. 2 (August 2017): 215–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859017000177.
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AbstractSamir Amin (1972) divided the African continent into three “macro-regions of colonial influence” with distinct socio-economic systems and labour practices: Africa of the colonial trade or peasant economy, Africa of the concession-owning companies, and Africa of the labour reserves. We argue that Mozambique encompassed all three different “macro-regions” in a single colony. We reconstruct government revenue (direct/indirect taxes) raised at a district level between 1930 and 1973 and find persisting differences in the “tax capacity” of the three regions throughout the colonial period. The tax systems, we claim, developed in response to existing local geographic and economic conditions, particularly to labour practices. Portuguese colonial rule adapted to and promoted labour practices such as migration and forced labour to maximize revenue. The extent to which the lack of integration played a role in the post-colonial state and fiscal failure should be studied further.
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Muhandale, Alex Amisi. "RESOURCE STRUGGLE, RESULTANT REALITIES AND THE FUTURE OF MARAGOLI LAND USE." Journal of Agricultural Policy 3, no. 2 (April 21, 2020): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jap.396.
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Land has remained one of the most basic and valuable economic resource right from the pre-colonial to the post independent Kenyan society. The success or failure of every society is always pegged on how prudent the society manages the resources within its reach in the midst of changes, challenges and opportunities that time and space avails every single moment. Being part of the Kenyan society, the Maragoli community has never been left out of the land question that has troubled Kenya over time. The pre-colonial Maragoli society had a land tenure system which was characterized by communal control of land together with its resources and practiced individual land ownership. Though land was communally owned at the general level, it was individually owned and tilled at the family level. The basis of land administration was the customary law executed by the elders who had the overall powers over the production resource. Through colonial policies such as alienation of the Africans’ land, confiscation of livestock, introduction of taxes and the cash economy; all these mechanisms brought about disequilibrium in the Maragoli pre-colonial land use. With this in mind therefore, this paper examined the nature and realities in resource struggle and the future of such struggles especially in regard to land use in the post-independence Kenya, using the case of the Maragoli. Through the articulation theory, this paper demonstrates that the interaction between the pre-colonial Maragoli land use practices and the colonial land policies greatly impacted on the Maragoli socio-economic and political structures. Due to the cash crop economy, the traditional Maragoli communal attitudes towards land as a resource are fading out resulting into individual emphasis on land use. This individual emphasis on land use is the major cause of uneconomical subdivision of land, insecurity and increased poverty. It is from the above perspective that the paper analyses the post-independence Maragoli land situation, some of the key causes of uneconomical subdivision of land and the possible solutions.
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Makuwerere Dube, Langton. "Race, Entitlement, and Belonging: A Discursive Analysis of the Political Economy of Land in Zimbabwe." Journal of Black Studies 52, no. 1 (August 20, 2020): 24–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934720946448.
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The access, control, and ownership of land and the means of production is an enduring frontier of conflict in post colonial settler states. Whilst racially tinged, colonialism created “structures of feeling” that sanctioned epistemic violence and created an economy of entitlement and belonging that sustained imperial designs. Zimbabwe’s independence meant the redistribution and proprietorship of land became a central leitmotif of cadastral politics. The article explores the interplay of the contested tropes of race, entitlement, and indigeneity as they informed the highly polarized land redistribution discourse. The discussion takes stock of the dominant narratives of post-colonial state predations, patronage, populism, and megalomania in contradistinction to the various ways in which whiteness and its prejudices and stereotypes nurtured some hubris of entitlement and belonging that retrogressively not only perpetuated colonial settler values and identities but also entrenched racial distance and indifference. The polarized contestations on land redistribution discourse coalesce around concepts such as restitution, indigeneity, nativity, patriotism, race, and class. Therefore while critiquing state excesses that have masked the honorable intentions of land redistribution, the article underscores the complex ways in which white Zimbabweans contributed to the enduring crisis by obdurately fixating their energies on colonial settler entitlements, values, and identities.
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MOSSE, DAVID. "The Modernity of Caste and the Market Economy." Modern Asian Studies 54, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 1225–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x19000039.
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AbstractWhat place does the caste system have in modern India with its globally integrating market economy? The most influential anthropological approaches to caste have tended to emphasize caste as India's traditional religious and ritual order, or (treating such order as a product of the colonial encounter) as shaped politically, especially today by the dynamics of caste-based electoral politics. Less attention has been paid to caste effects in the economy. This article argues that the scholarly framing of caste mirrors a public-policy ‘enclosure’ of caste in the non-modern realm of religion and ‘caste politics’, while aligning modernity to the caste-erasing market economy. Village-level fieldwork in South India finds a parallel public narrative of caste either as ritual rank eroded by market relations or as identity politics deflected from everyday economic life. But, locally and nationally, the effects of caste are found to be pervasive in labour markets and the business economy. In the age of the market, caste is a resource, sometimes in the form of a network, its opportunity-hoarding advantages discriminating against others. Dalits are not discriminated by caste as a set of relations separate from economy, but by the very economic and market processes through which they often seek liberation. The caste processes, enclosures, and evasions in post-liberalization India suggest the need to rethink the modernity of caste beyond orientalist and post-colonial frameworks, and consider the presuppositions that shape understanding of an institution, the nature and experience of which are determined by the inequalities and subject positions it produces.
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CRIBELLI, TERESA. "‘These Industrial Forests’: Economic Nationalism and the Search for Agro-Industrial Commodities in Nineteenth-Century Brazil." Journal of Latin American Studies 45, no. 3 (August 2013): 545–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x13000771.
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AbstractIn the nineteenth century, members of the Rio de Janeiro-based Sociedade Auxiliadora da Industria Nacional promoted the development of new agro-industrial commodities from Brazil's native forests as substitutes for expensive foreign imports. Influenced by late colonial scientists and reformers who followed the political economy of Carl Linnaeus, the society turned a Portuguese imperial project of economic revitalisation into a vision for developing the nation's post-independence economy. For society members, Brazil's ‘industrial forests’ were essential for economic independence and defined the new nation's place in an emerging global capitalist system.
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Muzondidya, James. "The Zimbabwean Crisis and the Unresolved Conundrum of Race in the Post-colonial Period." Journal of Developing Societies 26, no. 1 (March 2010): 5–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x1002600102.
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This article seeks to show that although economic and political factors were all important in the Zimbabwean crisis, the unresolved legacies of racial polarization and inequalities in this former white settler colony played a pivotal role in shaping the nature and form of the crisis. The emphasis is on the unresolved racial inequalities in the economy, especially in land ownership and land utilization, which contributed to the country’s economic crisis. Further, the article shows how the Zimbabwe crisis became protracted mainly because the ruling ZANU-PF successfully utilized the emotive issue of race to mobilize support internally, regionally and internationally, while both the opposition and external critics of ZANU-PF underestimated the power of race in mobilizing support for ZANU-PF, and in polarizing political opinion in Zimbabwe.
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Lo, Sonny. "Casino Capitalism and Its Legitimacy Impact on the Politico-administrative State in Macau." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 38, no. 1 (March 2009): 19–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810260903800103.
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Casino capitalism has its dialectical tendencies in Macau. On the one hand, it stimulates economic growth, provides employment, and strengthens the post-colonial state in Macau during the period of economic boom. On the other hand, casino capitalism can widen the income gap between the rich and the poor, generate addictive gambling, and de-legitimize the post-colonial state in Macau during the global and regional economic downturn. The weaknesses of the politico-administrative state in Macau, including the absence of institutional checks and balances, the frail civil society and the relatively docile mass media, have magnified the negative impacts of casino capitalism on Macau. In response to the negative ramifications, the Macau government has taken measures to be more interventionist, to enhance social welfare, and to prepare contingency plans that would tackle the sudden bankruptcy of any casinos. The central government in Beijing also displays contradictory considerations when it deals with Macau's casino development, supporting the casino industry while simultaneously encouraging the Macau government to diversify its economy. Overall, casino capitalism not only has contradictory impacts on the Macau city-state but also reveals the inherent contradictions of Beijing's policy toward the territory's over-dependence on the casino economy.
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Goh, Daniel P. S. "Between History and Heritage: Post-Colonialism, Globalisation, and the Remaking of Malacca, Penang, and Singapore." TRaNS: Trans-Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 2, no. 1 (January 2014): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/trn.2013.17.
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AbstractThe three cities of Malacca, Penang and Singapore share a century-long history as the British Straits Settlements, with similar multicultural traditions and urban morphology of dense shophouse districts. In the post-colonial period, these have been the basis for the production of heritage for urban renewal, civic identity formation, and international tourism. Yet, each city has approached the production of its history as heritage in different ways. The differences have been specified in terms of whether heritage production has been led by the state, market or civil society, and criticised as ideology or ambivalently interpreted as formative of identity in the face of globalisation. As colonial port-cities integrating into or becoming a new nation-state, I argue that the production of heritage in the three cities is driven by the politics of post-colonial identity interacting with the political economy of urban redevelopment. I argue that the production of heritage is one facet in the production of space and an increasingly important one in globalising Asian urbanisms. We can specify the differences in production of heritage space in the three cities in terms of the orientation of imagination and the ends of production. I show that the three city-states have been interpreting its history for heritage production in either Asian or cosmopolitan imaginations and configuring its heritage production for either political identity formation or economic product development, or a mix of both. The differences, I demonstrate, are caused by the differing politics of post-colonial identity and economic development involving the three cities.
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WHITE, NICHOLAS J. "Surviving Sukarno: British Business in Post-Colonial Indonesia, 1950–1967." Modern Asian Studies 46, no. 5 (November 18, 2011): 1277–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000709.
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AbstractDrawing principally upon a rich vein of previously unexploited business records, this paper analyses the experience of British firms in Indonesia between the achievement of independence and the beginnings of the Suharto regime. As in The Netherlands East Indies, British enterprises occupied a significant position in post-colonial Indonesia in plantations, oil extraction, shipping, banking, the import-export trade, and manufacturing. After the nationalization of Dutch businesses from the end of 1957, Britain emerged as the leading investing power in the archipelago alongside the United States. However, during Indonesia's Confrontation with British-backed Malaysia (1963–1966), most UK-owned companies in the islands were subject to a series of torrid (albeit temporary) takeovers by the trade unions and subsequently various government authorities. Most of these investments were returned to British ownership under Suharto after 1967. But, in surviving the Sukarno era, British firms had endured 15 years of increasing inconvenience and insecurity trapped in a power struggle within Indonesia's perplexing plural polity (and particularly between the Communist Party and the military). Indeed, the Konfrontasi takeovers themselves, varying in intensity from region to region and from firm to firm, were indicative of deep fissures within Indonesian administration and politics. The unpredictable and unsettled political economy of post-colonial Indonesia meant that the balance of advantage lay not with transnational enterprise but with the host state and society.
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Rieck, Katja. "Knowledge/Power in (Post)Colonial India 1870–1920: Indian Political Economy as Counter-Knowledge and the Transformation of the Colonial Order." Sociologus 67, no. 1 (June 2017): 83–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/soc.67.1.83.
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Hayes, Nicole C. "“Marriage Is Perseverance”: Structural Violence, Culture, and AIDS in Malawi." Anthropologica 58, no. 1 (May 5, 2016): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/anth.581.a06.
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This article uses contemporary Malawian proverbs about gender as a window on connections between structural violence, culture, and AIDS in Malawi. Malawi's colonial and post-colonial history forms the backdrop for considerations of Malawi's changing sexual landscape. The author argues that Malawi's legacy of structural violence, particularly the colonial introduction of male labour migration and massive gender inequalities, irrevocably altered Malawian gender roles. Any attempt to explain Malawi's high rate of AIDS must therefore consider how structural violence became entwined with cultural norms in the production of a competitive sexual economy based on multiple concurrent partner and transactional sex.
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Mozaffar, Shaheen, and William D. Graf. "The Nigerian State: Political Economy, State Class, and Political System in the Post-Colonial Era." International Journal of African Historical Studies 23, no. 2 (1990): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219373.
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Fincham, Garrick. "A Consumer Theory and Roman North Africa: A Post-Colonial Approach to the Ancient Economy." Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal, no. 2001 (April 5, 2002): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.16995/trac2001_34_44.
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Schaefer, Joy C. "The spatial-affective economy of (post)colonial Paris: reading Haneke’sCaché(2005) throughOctobre à Paris(1962)." Studies in European Cinema 14, no. 1 (October 26, 2016): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17411548.2016.1246309.
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Mamogale, Majuta Judas. "Building a Democratic Developmental State in Post-Colonial Africa: South Africa at the Glance." African Review 47, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 175–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1821889x-12340008.
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Abstract Failures of neo-liberalism in Africa through Structural Adjustment Program in the 1980s and 1990s compelled many post-colonial African states to seek alternative growth models to transform and grow their economies. Inspired by the economic success of Asian region, South Africa seeks to replicate the Asian developmental model to transform and industrialise its economy. Reviewing only the literature, the paper found that despite displaying so many similarities with East and South Asian developmental states, the rhetoric for the replication of the Asian developmental state model in South Africa works like a pendulum thus adopting a topsy-turvy approach. The notion of a developmental state is elevated through policy pronouncement and government commitments through the medium term and long-term strategic frameworks for the country. Despite displaying so many similarities with Asian developmental states, affixing the label of a developmental state onto the country by South Africans themselves is not going to make it one.
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Cassar, George, and Marie Avellino. "Negotiating a Postmemory Dichotomy: Nostalgia and Aversion in Malta." Politeja 17, no. 2(65) (April 30, 2020): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.17.2020.65.17.
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The island of Malta has served as a strategic colony since the dawn of history. Since Phoenician and Roman times, the island has been an important base in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea. Its last colonisers, the British, spent about 180 years using the islands for their imperial needs. The official closing of the British base on 31 March 1979 heralded a new economic and social reality supposedly unhampered by the exigencies of foreigners. Two major post-memory reactions kicked in – nostalgia and aversion to ex-colonial life. The postcolonial Maltese generations exhibit a range of reactions oscillating between love and hate for the British. On the other hand, British ex-service personnel and their families have continued to feel an affinity with the island base which they had come to acknowledge as a second home. This allows for a new type of relationship between the Maltese people and their British visitors where issues of colonial post-memory are negotiated. These are seen at their best in the local tourism industry. Malta woos British tourists and goes to great effort to attract them. It uses to its advantage the colonial affinity to create an attractive destination for the British which benefits the locals and the Maltese economy. In Malta post-memory has evolved in line with necessity and expediency, where animosity, though manifestly tangible, has gradually morphed into a rather benign residue in the collective reaction to the colonial past.
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Smart, Devin. "“Safariland”: Tourism, Development and the Marketing of Kenya in the Post-Colonial World." African Studies Review 61, no. 2 (May 28, 2018): 134–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2017.133.
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Abstract:This article explores the role of tourism in the development plans of Kenya during the 1960s and 1970s, examining what this reveals about the new opportunities and constrictions that officials encountered as they tried to globally reconfigure the place of their new decolonizing nation in the post-colonial world. These themes are explored by examining the political economy of development and tourism, the marketing infrastructures that Kenyan officials created to shape how Western consumers thought about “Kenya,” and how these factors influenced the kinds of discourses that were promoted globally about this newly-independent African country.
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Mwase, Ngila. "The Collapse of the National Road Haulage Company in Tanzania." Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 4 (December 1985): 703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00055038.
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The post-colonial evolution of the Tanzanian economy has been strongly influenced by public policy, notably since the adoption of the Arusha Declaration in 1967,1 which established the following guidelines:1. Self-reliance, albeit not self-sufficiency or autarky, since, at least in theory, selected foreign assistance may be the catalyst rather than the basis of development.2. General social equality, aimed at regional, inter-personal, and rural—urban equity.3. Socialist and co-operative economic activities, emphasising priority for rural development per se, with a bias towards co-operative work through communal ujamaa villages.4. Public ownership and control of the ‘commanding heights’ of the economy.
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Naanen, Ben. "Economy within an Economy: the Manilla Currency, Exchange Rate Instability and Social Conditions in South-Eastern Nigeria, 1900–48." Journal of African History 34, no. 3 (November 1993): 425–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700033740.
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This paper studies the effects of the coexistence of the manilla currency and British currency in south-eastern Nigeria, and the way in which this monetary situation created political tensions which eventually led to the redemption of the manilla. When British control of Southern Nigeria was formalized in 1900 and British currency introduced in the south-east in the following year, the inability of the colonial authorities to put into circulation adequate supplies of British coins, coupled with historically entrenched use of traditional currencies, compelled the colonial state to recognize the latter as legal tender. However, the continuing circulation of these currencies alongside British coins created financial and economic difficulties, causing the colonial state to adopt a number of legislative measures to eradicate them. While other traditional currencies capitulated to these measures, the manilla continued to be popular as a result of objective economic factors, and was strengthened by some of the very instruments designed to eliminate it.Meanwhile, the constantly fluctuating exchange rate of the manilla was generating discontent. These fluctuations were caused primarily by the gyrations of the world market. Improved prices of palm products–the main sources of British currency in the economy of southeastern Nigeria–brought about the appreciation of the manilla. This caused hardship among wage-earners by reducing the exchange value and the purchasing power of their meagre and fixed income which had to be converted to manillas in order to buy food and other locally produced goods and services. Periods of depression, on the other hand, caused manilla depreciation as a result of a diminished inflow of British currency. This reduced the income of peasant producers, while increasing the purchasing power of workers. The ferments generated by fluctuating manilla values have remained, until now, unidentified causal links in the political movements in south-eastern Nigeria, including especially the women's movements of the 1920s.The discontent intensified in the 1940s, when the influx of cash into the Nigerian economy caused by war-time military spending and the post-war commodity boom caused a continuous appreciation of the manilla. This development made life more difficult for workers, whose incomes were already being decimated by inflation. The resulting intensified political tension, as well as the existing obstacles to trade and smooth collection of taxes (also caused by unabating manilla fluctuations), made the demonetization of the manilla through redemption inevitable. With the elimination of the manilla, which had constituted a sub-system within the economic system of colonial Nigeria, the colonial state's economic control of Nigeria can be said to have been completed.
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Alamgir, Fahreen, and George Cairns. "Development or dispossession?" critical perspectives on international business 10, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-09-2012-0043.
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Purpose – This paper aims to discuss the discourse of globalisation and its implications in the case of state-owned jute mills (SOJMs) in the post-colonial state of Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach – The authors draw upon a critical debate on the concept of globalisation and critical political economy to revisit the country’s historical, political, social and cultural construction to discuss conditions of its conformity within the global order. Additionally, the perspective of subaltern studies underpins discussion of the context of the post-colonial state. Findings – A schematic analysis of the context surfaces issues that underpin the process of “truth production” and that have contributed to global integration of the Bangladesh economy. We consider how this discourse benefits some people, while over time, the majority are dislocated, excluded and deprived. Hence, this discourse denotes a territorial power of globalism that leads us to conceptualise Bangladesh as a neo-colonial state. Originality/value – Through a case study of SOJMs, this paper contributes to discussion on the essence and implications of the globalisation discourse and on how its methods and techniques reinforce hegemony in the name of development and sustainability in the forms of liberalisation, democratisation and good governance in a state like Bangladesh.
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LEOGRANDE, WILLIAM M., and JULIE M. THOMAS. "Cuba's Quest for Economic Independence." Journal of Latin American Studies 34, no. 2 (May 2002): 325–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x02006399.
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Since the colonial era Cuba has been the paradigmatic case of a monocultural export economy, dependent upon the production of one primary commodity – sugar – for sale to one principal trade partner. Overcoming dependency was a high priority for Fidel Castro in 1959, yet despite a promising start, his efforts proved ultimately unsuccessful. Only the collapse of communism in Europe freed Cuba from dependent trade relations with the Soviet Union – albeit at the cost of enormous economic disruption. This article examines Cuba's post-1959 pursuit of economic independence, first to explain why the government's initial successes proved unsustainable in the 1980s, and then to examine Cuba's attempt to reinsert its economy into the global market in the aftermath of the Cold War.
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Wihardja, Maria Monica, and Siwage Dharma Negara. "The Indonesian Economy from the Colonial Extraction Period until the Post-New Order Period: A Review of Thee Kian Wie’s Major Works." Economics and Finance in Indonesia 61, no. 1 (April 11, 2015): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/efi.v61i1.496.
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This paper reviews some major works of Thee Kian Wie, one of Indonesia’s most distinguished economic historians, that spans from the Colonial period until the post-New Order period. His works emphasize that economic history can guide future economic policy. Current problems in Indonesia were resulted from past policy failures. Indonesia needs to consistently embark on open economic policies, free itself from "colonial period mentality". Investment should be made in rebuilding crumbling infrastructure, improving the quality of health and education services, and addressing poor law enforcement. If current corruption persists, Indonesia could not hope to become a dynamic and prosperous country.
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PRADOS DE LA ESCOSURA, LEANDRO. "Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America." Journal of Latin American Studies 41, no. 2 (May 2009): 279–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x09005574.
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AbstractIn this paper the economic performance of post-independence Latin America is assessed in comparative perspective. The release from the colonial fiscal burden was partly offset by higher costs of self-government, while the opening of independent Latin American countries to the international economy represented a handmaiden of growth. Regional disparities increased after independence, so generalisations about the region's long-run behaviour are not straightforward. However, on average, per capita income grew in Latin America, and although the region fell behind compared with the United States and Western Europe, it improved or maintained its position relative to the rest of the world. Thus the term ‘lost decades’ appears an unwarranted depiction of the period between 1820 and 1870.
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Jha, Pankaj Kumar. "State, Floods and Politics of Knowledge: A Case of the Mahananda Basin of Bihar." Studies in Indian Politics 9, no. 1 (April 8, 2021): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321023021999177.
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This article identifies two main perspectives on flood control: the traditional and the modern hydrological. The objective here is to look at the contest between them from the point of view of the politics of knowledge. The traditional perspective views floods as a part of life and focuses on people’s wisdom or local knowledge of flood control. The hydrological approach, on the other hand, is mostly concerned with taming a river and views floods as a disaster that ought to be controlled and possibly eliminated. This perspective dominates the policy of the post-colonial state in India. There are five vantage points, such as historical context, state policy, political economy, collective action and epistemology, to understand the politics of knowledge around floods. In the first section, through history we discuss the transition from the colonial to post-colonial India on the issues of floods, dams and embankments. The second section of this article describes the flood policy and politics around it, from Patna Flood Conference (1937) to Disaster Management Act, 2005. In Political Economy section the article explores the link between land-holdings, tenancy and floods and also observes how agriculture has changed due to floods. The fourth section, Forms of Collective Action, explores the politics of collective action. Epistemology section presents the debate of lokvidyavs versus rajyavidya or living with floods versus hydrological knowledge.
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Overto, John. "War and Economic Development: Settlers in Kenya, 1914–1918." Journal of African History 27, no. 1 (March 1986): 79–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700029212.
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The First World War is perhaps the least studied period in the historiography of European settlement in Kenya. This paper reverses the previously held view of settler economic decline and disarray. Despite apparent problems of shipping shortages, closure of markets and loss of white manpower, settler products were grown and exported in ever-increasing quantities during the war years. The grain and livestock industries were stimulated by new wartime markets whilst plantation crops, chiefly sisal and coffee, continued the impetus of pre-war activity and substantial new planting took place. Prosperity and development, not reversal and decline, were the keynotes of the settler wartime economy. With this new evidence and understanding, it is possible to re-interpret much of the early history of colonial Kenya. The fundamental vulnerability and stuttering growth of white settlement before 1914 gave way to the gradual assertion of the settler economy over the African, with state support, during and after the war. But this assertion and growth was founded upon abnormal economic circumstances: on cheap and available labour, insatiable markets and a pre-occupied colonial state. The post-war crises of labour and market contraction, and the pre-eminence of the settler sector after 1920, therefore must be traced to this accelerated and artificial growth in the settler economy in 1914–18.
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YACOB, SHAKILA, and NICHOLAS J. WHITE. "The ‘Unfinished Business’ of Malaysia's Decolonisation: The Origins of the Guthrie ‘Dawn Raid’." Modern Asian Studies 44, no. 5 (December 23, 2009): 919–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x09990308.
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AbstractIn a ‘dawn raid’ on the London Stock Exchange on 7 September 1981, the premiere British rubber and oil palm conglomerate in Malaysia, the Guthrie Corporation Limited, was taken into local control in less than four hours. This was the most dramatic Malaysian acquisition of a foreign company during the restructuring of the country's post-colonial economy during the 1970s and 1980s, and the Guthrie Dawn Raid remains a celebrated but, at the same time, contested juncture in contemporary Malaysian memory. Drawing upon a variety of sources—including original interviews and correspondence with key participants in, and observers of, the Guthrie Dawn Raid, as well as newly released British documents related to the Anglo-Malaysian events of September 1981—this article presents a new interpretation of the origins of this most iconic of Malaysian corporate takeovers. In particular, it stresses the long-term aspirations of a key (but often overlooked) figure within the late and post-colonial Malay bureaucratic and economic elite, Ismail Mohamed Ali. At the same time, the article emphasizes the specific requirements of Malaysia's New Economic Policy against the backdrop of burgeoning intra-Malaysian ethnic business competition.
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Poole, Graham. "Fisheries policy and economic development in Greenland in the 1980s." Polar Record 26, no. 157 (April 1990): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400011153.
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ApstractThis article describes the main characteristics of the Greenlandic economy in the 1980s and the aims of the country's Home Rule Government in regard to fisheries policy and economic development. The strategy adopted by the Home Rule Government is presented and evaluated, in terms both of economic theory and of results. Greenland's problems are similar to those of other developing countries, but intensified by its Arctic location, communications problems, a vulnerable resource base and harsh operating conditions inits fisheries, also by its colonial and post-colonial history which has fuelled aspirations towards a high standard of living and given rise to high import demands. Difficulties encountered point towards a modification of the aims and policies of the government, including adoption of a less ambitious approach, focusing upon satisfying basic social and economic needs, and avoiding the mistakes made by the Danish administration in the 1960s and 1970s, which led to alienation of segments of the population from the process of development.
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Siahaan, Pertiwih, and Budi Agustono. "The Development of Tarutung Into a City." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (May 24, 2021): 2676–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1975.
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This article discusses the history of the formation of the city of Tarutung. This article answers the problem of how the city of Tarutung developed after the arrival of Western colonialism in the form of religion, military, administration and economy which encouraged the development of Tarutung City. This study uses the historical method through four stages: heuristics (collection of historical sources); verification (source criticism); interpretation (historical analysis and interpretation); and historiography (writing history). Sources as historical data obtained from a number of documents and literature from the colonial to post-colonial period. This study found that the existing Tarutung city was formed into a traditional city which was used as a trading center from a durian tree that grew in the middle of the village with the Batak Toba socio-culture that was implemented before the arrival of Western colonialism. The arrival and colonial influence made the identity of Tarutung City begin to develop both in terms of social, economic, and cultural aspects while maintaining the traditional cultural elements that still exist.
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Kabiito, Bendicto. "Environmental Economies, Survival Ecologies, and Economic Interests in Pastoral Uganda." Journal of Science and Sustainable Development 8, no. 1 (August 4, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jssd.v8i1.1.
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This paper presents a departure from the historical cataloguing of scarcity and poverty, as definitive frames of Karamoja sub-region of Uganda; a narrative that purports to portray the duo as natural, permanent and insurmountable features of the sub-region. This study demonstrates that these were both created in and projected onto the sub-region. The study provides evidence to the fact that; 1. Externally-driven pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial undertakings (which are underrated in many analyses on Karamoja) are the building blocks of the protracted conflicts, insecurities and ecological damages that ravaged Karamoja; 2. The sub-region offers more potentials than limitations as studies on Karamoja tend to portray. This research report is an invitation to both inward and outward looking (of Karamoja) for diagnosis and solutions. Inspired by critical realism and environmental justice theories, the study interrogates policies, mentalities, actions and inactions that fostered economic and ecological exploitation of Karamoja; endangering environmental and social ecologies of the sub-region. Attention is paid to how these jeopardised the environment-based economy of the sub-region’s population, while highlighting the human, ecological and economic potentials that need and deserve collective action for social and environmental re-address.
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Uddin, Md Abu Saleh Nizam. "Strengthening the Marginalized from Within: Derek Walcotts Poetic Mission." IIUC Studies 12 (December 10, 2016): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v12i0.30583.
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Caribbean poet Derek Walcott , in his commitment to the Caribbean and, of course, with artistic excellence, disappointingly finds his nation still confined to marginalization which is self-imposed, though it was colonially imposed during the colonial period. The issues contributing to this self-imposed marginalization, an otherwise colonial legacy, are the exigent factors Walcotts relentless poetic efforts address. This paper aims at exploring how Walcott s unalloyed poetic dedication of epistemological siginificance, with a view to strengthening the Antillean from within, concentrates on the marginalized nations unconscious, imprudent and self-centred thoughts and measures in the issues of Caribbean self, tourism, urbanization, governance, literary tradition and uniqueness of literature in a post-colonial context of agressive Euro-American economy and culture.IIUC Studies Vol.12 December 2015: 87-100
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Kho, Younghee. "Humans in the Food Economy: The Famine, Biopower, and Beckett’s Imagination of Post-colonial State in Watt." English Studies 100, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0013838x.2018.1545822.
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Hudis, Peter. "Non-Linear Pathways to Social Transformation: Rosa Luxemburg and The Post-Colonial Condition." New Formations 94, no. 94 (March 1, 2018): 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/newf:94.05.2018.
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Rosa Luxemburg's The Accumulation of Capital, which spurred intense discussion and debate from the moment of its publication in 1913, has taken on new resonance in light of the global expansion of capitalism, the destruction of indigenous cultures and habitats, and capital's reconfiguration of public and private space. No less important is a series of additional works by Luxemburg that address these themes, but which have received far less attention. These include her notes and lectures on pre-capitalist society that were composed as part of her work as a teacher at the German Social Democratic Party's school in Berlin from 1907-14 and her Introduction to Political Economy, which first led her to confront the problem delineated in The Accumulation of Capital. These writings shed new light on the contributions as well as the limitations of her understanding of the internal and external limits to capital accumulation, especially insofar as the ability of non-capitalist formations and practices to survive the domination of capital is concerned. Luxemburg's understanding of the impact of capitalism in undermining noncapitalist strata has crucial ramifications for working out a viable alternative to capitalism today.
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Owens, Geoffrey Ross. "Post-Colonial Migration: Virtual Culture, Urban Farming and New Peri-Urban Growth in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 1975–2000." Africa 80, no. 2 (May 2010): 249–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2010.0204.
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Using ethnographic and historical approaches, this article examines unplanned, peri-urban settlements on Dar es Salaam's northern and western fringe, where urban farming is central to many residents’ household economy. Contrasting with conventional models of African urban migration, these new districts were established by a vanguard of educated urban professionals, utilizing farming as an economic diversification strategy. Despite disjunctures arising through decolonization and implementation of state socialism in the 1960s and 1970s, this peri-urban vanguard not only engaged in agricultural activities reminiscent of regions on the borderlands of Tanzania, but also contributed to the reproduction of configurations of socio-economic inequality characteristic of other kinds of urban communities. With critical infrastructural improvements and a pool of urban labourers supporting their endeavours, these districts attracted additional, economically influential urban in-migrants following capitalist reforms following the implementation of the Zanzibar Declaration in 1991.
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Tamang, Sangay, and Ngamjahao Kipgen. "Rethinking Hill-Valley Binary: Methodological Nationalism and the Trends of Writing Sociology in India." Sociological Bulletin 68, no. 3 (November 5, 2019): 325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022919876413.
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This article attempts to engage with the trends of writing sociology in India by locating the argument within the discourse of coproduction of space, identity and belonging. It aims to interrogate colonial as well as post-colonial construal of hill-valley binaries in the context of the dictum of methodological nationalism in India. It is categorically imperative on our part to posit ‘the historicising the Himalayas’ in terms of colonial dispensation and coevolution of economy, culture, space, identity, belonging, nationalism, historiography and polity. Moving beyond established methodological, nationalism would not be an easy task as it entails heavy criticism mostly in the domain of political construction of national identity. However, the change of our analytical tools, objects and methods might contribute in developing a more inclusive social theory, not painted by self-evident sociological theory of the nation-state.
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Mesfin Mulugeta Woldegiogis. "The Social Market Economy Model in Africa: A Policy Lesson in the Pursuit of an Inclusive Development." PanAfrican Journal of Governance and Development (PJGD) 1, no. 2 (August 30, 2020): 100–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.46404/panjogov.v1i2.2335.
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A contextually rethought coexistence of capitalism and socialism, particularly, the ‘Third-Way’ politico-economic framework is a contemporary dominion in the pursuit of prosperous and inclusive development. Regarding the third-way position, however, there is a dearth of theoretical framework in African studies. Hence, this article aimed at exploring the theoretical significance of ordoliberalism and its social market economy model that is often praised as the secret(s) in the wake of the ‘Wirtschaftswunder’, meaning the ‘economic miracle’, of Germany. In so doing, the article has sought the common conceptual ground between the notions of the social market economy and inclusive development through the extensive review of theoretical evidence available in the secondary sources of data. The review of literature has revealed that unlike the German experience, the policy choice among the African countries, in the post-colonial era, was never consistent with ordoliberalism or social market economy. However, the post-2000 economic trajectory of Africa has shown the coexistence of the welfare state and coordinated market thereby creating a convenient condition to implement the lessons learned from the development path of Germany. Besides, the prevalent socio-economic problems in most of the Sub-Saharan African countries including demographic bulge, abject poverty, high levels of income inequality, extractive/rent-seeking institutions of governance, brain-drain, and aid/loan dependency syndrome are the major factors that underline the urgency for policy reforms geared towards an Afro-centric social market economy. Yet, the levels of economic development, historical, cultural, and geopolitical differences need to be taken into account to effectively implement the policy instruments of the social market economy in Africa.
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Shoemaker, Lauren E. "A Structure of Terror in Jamaica Kincaid’s A Small Place." Meridians 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15366936-8117735.
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Abstract Literature by women of the third world is capable of expressing emergent feelings attached to objects and everyday activities, which reveal underlying economic processes. One such activity that inspires diverging feelings, the Caribbean vacation, reveals a continued exploitative colonial economy. Jamaica Kincaid’s essays in A Small Place dramatize the competing narratives of vacation as happiness object and misery-causing activities within the framework of the structure of terror. Many critics read differences of race and class developed through figures of the tourist and the native in the early essays as necessarily divisive post-colonial critique, but they read Kincaid’s final essay as an attempt to transcend such divisions. Many have lauded Kincaid’s call to throw off old categories and focus on shared (biological) humanity, yet this very category of “human” has been constructed through (social) discourses of race, gender, and class. Instead, I argue that Kincaid continues insisting on multiple subject positions, subverting the argument she seems to make on the surface and critiquing colonial epistemologies—in discourse and visual regimes—through application of Sylvia Wynter’s interrogation of dominant worldviews of both humanism and an approach to environments.
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Pratten, David. "‘The Thief Eats His Shame’: Practice and Power in Nigerian Vigilantism." Africa 78, no. 1 (February 2008): 64–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0001972008000053.
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Contemporary Nigerian vigilantism concerns a range of local and global dynamics beyond informal justice. It is a lens on the politics of post-colonial Africa, on the current political economy of Nigeria, and on its most intractable issues – the politics of democracy, ethnicity and religion. The legitimation of vigilante activity has extended beyond dissatisfaction with current levels of law and order and the failings of the Nigeria Police. To understand the local legitimacy of vigilantism in post-colonial Nigeria, indeed, it is also necessary to recognize its internal imperatives. Vigilantism in this context is embedded in narratives of contested rights, in familiar everyday practices, understandings of personhood and knowledge, and in alternative, older registers of governmentality. In addition to mapping temporal and spatial communities in which young men are vested with the right to exercise justice, this article assesses the legitimacy of Annang vigilantism within cultural frameworks of accountability linked to conceptions of agency, personhood and power, and the oppositions this produces between vigilantes and thieves.
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Asuk, Otokpom Charles. "Oruwari-Briggs house and the evolution of contemporary Kalabari society." International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI) 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33750/ijhi.v3i1.67.
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The evolution of contemporary Kalabari society reflects the contour of a historical progression of a people who struggled to manage the competing forces of unity and disunity in their existence. As a polity, it evolved from a fishing village to a city-state, to an empire, and to a republic or confederacy. This work examines the role of Oruwari-Briggs House in this evolutionary trajectory from the pre-colonial through the colonial to the post-colonial period. Methodologically, the work adopts the political economy approach. From oral and archival sources, published and unpublished works, the study demonstrates that the Oruwari-Briggs House played a strategic role in the inter-house rivalry, the formation of groups, and political alliances that culminated in the disintegration of Elem Kalabari, movement of populations to new settlements, the transformation of traditional political institutions, and the emergence of multiple centers of power symbolized by the existence of Amayanapu in contemporary Kalabari as against an Amayanabo for the entire polity in the pre-colonial period.
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Ojo, M. Adeleye. "The Foreign Policy of Mauritania." A Current Bibliography on African Affairs 17, no. 4 (June 1, 1985): 347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001132558501700404.
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This article examines the foreign policy of Mauritania towards its North African states neighbors and other African states. The basis of Mauritania's foreign policy is decolonization, the liberation movement, apartheid, and minority regime. Additionally, policies towards the East, the West, the United States, and the United Nations are discussed. Post independence changes, Colonial legacy, the economy, and the Polisario guerrillas and the war will continue to be important factors in determining foreign policy in Mauritania.