Academic literature on the topic 'Post-hoc moderator analysis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Post-hoc moderator analysis"
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Hutchins, Nancy S., Mack D. Burke, Lisa Bowman-Perrott, Kevin R. Tarlow, and Heather Hatton. "The Effects of Social Skills Interventions for Students With EBD and ASD: A Single-Case Meta-Analysis." Behavior Modification 44, no. 5 (May 7, 2019): 773–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445519846817.
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Social skills interventions are critical for promoting social, emotional, and behavioral competence for students with or at risk of emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This single-case meta-analysis examined the effects of social skills interventions (SSIs) for students with EBD and ASD. Effect sizes were calculated for 78 cases across 25 included studies using a nonparametric effect size, Baseline Corrected Tau. The overall weighted mean effect size of 0.54 suggested a moderate effect across the 25 studies. The overall weighted mean effects for studies reporting maintenance and generalization data were 0.68 and 0.37, respectively. Potential moderators examined (disability, intervention design, intervention delivery, methodological quality) were not significant. As such, they did not moderate the outcomes for participants. We conducted a post hoc analysis and hypothesized that between-study differences may be more meaningful than the similarities shared by participants in the same moderator groups. Implications are discussed on using SSIs to address the social, emotional, and behavioral challenges of students with or at risk of EBD and ASD.
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Lee, So Hee, Jin-Won Noh, Kyoung-Beom Kim, Hae-Woo Lee, Jin Yong Jun, and Won Woong Lee. "The Effects of Inhumane Treatment in North Korean Detention Facilities on the Posttraumatic-Stress Disorder Symptoms of North Korean Refugees." Psychiatry Investigation 18, no. 7 (July 25, 2021): 688–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0427.
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Objective The study investigated the effects of severe human rights abuses in North Korean on Posttraumatic-stress disorder (PTSD) in North Korean Refugees (NKRs).Methods The study included 300 NKRs (245 females and 55 males) who completed self-report questionnaires that assessed PTSD, experiences of imprisonment, and exposure to inhumane treatment, by authorities in North Korea. A moderation analysis was conducted using a hierarchical multiple regression model to determine whether a moderation effect existed. In the next step, a post-hoc probing procedure of the moderation effect was performed using multiple regression models that included conditional moderator variables.Results The influence of the frequency of being imprisoned on PTSD varied as a function of recurrent exposure to inhumane treatment or punishment by authorities. Experiences of imprisonment were associated with PTSD only among those who were exposed to recurrent violence, such as beating or torture, by North Korean authorities.Conclusion The present findings highlight the significant effects of human rights violations, such as the inhumane treatment of prisoners in North Korea, on the PTSD of NKRs.
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Pellegrino, A. Brooke Walters, Rachel E. Davis-Martin, Timothy T. Houle, Dana P. Turner, and Todd A. Smitherman. "Perceived triggers of primary headache disorders: A meta-analysis." Cephalalgia 38, no. 6 (August 20, 2017): 1188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102417727535.
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Objective To quantitatively synthesize extant literature on perceived triggers of primary headache disorders. Methods A meta-analytic review of headache trigger survey studies was conducted. Endorsement rates, assessment method, and headache and sample characteristics were extracted from included articles. Separate random-effects models were used to assess trigger endorsement rates and post-hoc meta-regressions examined potential moderator variables. Results 85 articles from 1958 to 2015 were included, involving 27,122 participants and querying 420 unique triggers (collapsed into 15 categories). Four-fifths (0.81; 95% CI .75 to .86) of individuals with migraine or tension-type headache endorsed at least one trigger. Rates increased with the number of categories queried (OR: 1.18, 1.08–1.30) and year of publication (OR: 1.04, 1.00–1.08). The triggers most commonly endorsed were stress (.58, .53–.63) and sleep (.41, .36–.47). Conclusions Extreme heterogeneity characterizes the headache trigger literature. Most individuals with a primary headache disorder perceive their attacks to be triggered by one or more precipitants, the most common of which are stress and sleep. However, trigger endorsement is influenced by method of assessment. Enhancing methodological consistency and prioritizing experimental studies would improve our understanding of headache triggers.
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Best, Ryan, Laure Freydefont, and Alexandra M. Freund. "AGING, TASK DIFFICULTY, AND EFFORT: A META-ANALYSIS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2592.
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Abstract Tasks of increasing difficulty require increasing levels of cognitive engagement from participants. The costs associated with cognitive engagement rise with age in response to normative cognitive decline. Additionally, previous studies have shown an interaction between age and task difficulty, with age differences in effort expenditure increasing along with task demands. Motivational accounts of effort allocation predict the opposite relationship, where increased task difficulty in the face of declining cognitive abilities result in disengagement among older adults, comparatively lowering their effort expenditure relative to younger adults that remain committed to the task. The current study quantitatively reviews the available literature on age and effort expenditure across tasks of increasing difficulty. An initial meta-analysis found no age differences in effort across task difficulty, but inspection of the significantly heterogeneous effect sizes indicated that measurement domain might account for some of the variance found between the effect sizes. A second, post-hoc meta-analysis was conducted, recoding effect sizes giving preference to subjective measures. Subsequent moderator variable analyses found that the combined effect of age and domain of effort measurement explained a sufficient portion of the variance across effect sizes. When using physiological measures, effort was not found to differ across task difficulty for either age group. Alternatively, when measured subjectively, effort was reported to greatly increase (>1 standard deviation) with difficulty, with a larger increase in younger adults. Results are discussed in terms of effort mobilization across adulthood and the importance of measurement domain in the interpretation of results.
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Juniarta, P. A. K. "THEMATIC PATTERNING TECHNIQUE ON WRITING ACHIEVEMENT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION OF THE STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT GANESHA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION." International Journal of Language and Literature 1, no. 2 (November 15, 2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ijll.v1i2.12543.
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This study aimed at investigating the effect of thematic patterning technique and achievement motivation on students’ writing achievement. The subjects were the second semester students of English Education Department in the academic year 2015/2016 recruited by using cluster random sampling. The population was 7 classes, 2 classes were taken as the sample of the study. The total number of sample was 52 students who were divided into four cells of treatments. The II B class was assigned as the experimental group and II D class as the control group. The experimental group was taught by using thematic patterning technique and the control group by using conventional technique. The research design was post test only control group design by using 2x2 factorial design. There were three variables in this study, namely: independent, moderator, and dependent variables. The independent variable was thematic patterning technique and moderator variable was the students’ achievement motivation level (high and low). In another side, students’ achievement in writing paragraph was categorized as dependent variable. The instrument that was used to test the students’ achievement motivation was achievement motivation questionnaire, while the instrument used to test students’ writing achievement was writing achievement test. The analysis of data used two way Anova and then continued by post hoc testing using Tukey test. The findings of the study were: there was a significant difference in writing achievement between the students who are taught by using thematic patterning technique and those who are taught by using conventional technique. The mean score of students taught by using thematic patterning technique was higher than the mean score of students’ writing achievement for students taught by using conventional technique, there was interaction between of thematic patterning technique and the achievement motivation in learning English on students’ writing achievement.
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Omoniyi, Tayo, Lucky Uzoma Nwosu, and Fakokunde Jubril Busuyi. "Effect of two Computer Instructional Modes on Secondary School Students’ Achievement in Geography, in Lagos State, Nigeria." Journal of Education in Black Sea Region 6, no. 1 (December 4, 2020): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31578/jebs.v6i1.227.
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There is a growing concern about secondary school students’ poor performance in geography, a subject that is prerequisite for many professional pursuits. To enhance their performance in the subject, several strategies have been adopted. This study is an intervention, which investigated relative effects of computer instructional modes (computer graphics and animations computer) on secondary school students’ achievement in geography. The moderator variable was mental ability. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The pre-test, post-test control group quasi-experimental design, involving 3x2 factorial matrix was adopted for the study. One hundred and four senior secondary two geography students from three secondary schools in Lagos state constituted the sample for the study, which lasted for eight weeks. Two procedural instruments (computer graphics and animation instructional packages) and two measuring instruments, namely Geography Achievement Test r = 0.79, and Mental Ability Test r=0.88 were used. The data collected were analysed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The magnitude of the students’ post-test achievement scores was determined using Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA), while Scheffe post-hoc analysis was used to explain the direction and source of significant effects. Findings showed that there were significant main effects of instructional mode on the students’ achievement in geography (F (2, 91) = 14.414, p< 0.05). There was no significant interaction effect of treatment and mental ability on students’ achievement in geography. Consequently, it was recommended that the computer instructional modes be used alongside with conventional method in the teaching of geography.
Keywords: computer graphics, computer animation, instructional mode, achievement in geography, mental ability and geography
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Koay, Kian Yeik. "Workplace ostracism and cyberloafing: a moderated–mediation model." Internet Research 28, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 1122–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-07-2017-0268.
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Purpose This purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between workplace ostracism and cyberloafing, based on the premise of conservation of resources theory. Emotional exhaustion is tested as a mediator between workplace ostracism and cyberloafing, whereas facilitating conditions are predicted as a moderator that influences employees’ reaction to ostracism. Design/methodology/approach Survey data were collected via the online platform Amazon Mechanical Turk. Partial least squares analysis, a variance-based structural equation modelling, was utilised to verify the research model. Findings The results show that both workplace ostracism and emotional exhaustion have a significant positive relationship with cyberloafing. Likewise, emotional exhaustion partially mediates the relationship between workplace ostracism and cyberloafing. Interestingly, facilitating conditions do not moderate the emotional exhaustion–cyberloafing relationship but do moderate the ostracism–cyberloafing relationship. Counterintuitively, the relationship between workplace ostracism and cyberloafing becomes stronger when facilitating conditions are high. A post hoc analysis has been conducted using PROCESS Macro to test the conditional indirect effect but was found not significant. Originality/value Previous studies have revealed the association between workplace ostracism with various negative work behaviours, such as knowledge hiding, knowledge hoarding and counterproductive work behaviours. This study has successfully identified that workplace ostracism can also result in cyberloafing, which has not been delved into previous works. This has subsequently provided managers with new perspectives regarding why employees engage in non-work-related online activities at work.
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Ting, Hiram, Ernest Cyril de Run, Jun-Hwa Cheah, and Francis Chuah. "Food neophobia and ethnic food consumption intention." British Food Journal 118, no. 11 (November 7, 2016): 2781–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2015-0492.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to serve as groundwork to investigate the determinants of ethnic food consumption intention in the context of developing markets. Using the theory of planned behaviour as the underlying basis, it is aimed to explain the effect of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behaviour control on consumption intention towards Dayak food. Since Dayak food is relatively unfamiliar compared to conventional food in Malaysia, food neophobia is incorporated into the model so as to assess its moderation effect on every postulated relationship. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative approach via self-administered questionnaire was adopted. In all, 300 copies of the questionnaire were distributed to non-Dayak Malaysians, and 211 usable copies were subsequently collected, suggesting that non-response bias was not a major issue. A post hoc Harman single-factor analysis was also performed to ensure the variance in the data was not explained by one single factor, thus addressing the common method bias. Structural equation modelling using partial least squares approach was then utilized to assess the relationships of variables under investigation and the moderation effect of food neophobia. Findings After ensuring the data have acceptable reliability and validity, structural model assessment was performed to test the hypotheses. The findings show that attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control all have positive effect on consumption intention of non-Dayak Malaysians towards Dayak food. However, food neophobia is only found to have a moderation effect on the relationship between subjective norm and consumption intention. Research limitations/implications First, the sample is largely consisted of college and university students in Malaysia who are believed to be more daring to try new things, including new food. Second and more importantly, the dearth of literature and empirical studies on Dayak food and ethnic food in Malaysia might have actually pointed to the limitation in using only quantitative questionnaire in the study. As salient beliefs are the antecedents in the theory of planned behaviour, knowing consumers’ specific beliefs about Dayak food would have provided a more detailed and comprehensive understanding of consumption intention and the moderating effect of food neophobia. Practical implications The moderation effect of food neophobia on the relationship between subjective norm and consumption intention towards Dayak food implies the importance of recommendations and favourable word-of-mouth from the significant ones, such as family members and peers, to make people willing to try and consume it. This corresponds to earlier findings pertaining to the collectivistic culture in Malaysia. Unlike countries with individualistic cultures, Malaysians tend to conform to the consumption choices of significant others. This implies that those whom they hold in high regard, are able to influence them both positively and negatively through their advice or opinions. Originality/value The present study has not only extended the use of theory of planned behaviour in the context of Dayak food consumption intention in a developing country, but it has also deepened the theory by incorporating food neophobia as the moderator to provide additional theoretical explanation to ethnic food consumption intention. Given the wealth of Asian culture, and its significant role in the global marketplace, the understanding of ethnic food consumption intention of the local and foreign consumers using the extended theory of planned behaviour would contribute knowledge not only to consumer behaviour, but also to food and service industry and tourism.
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Cicchetti, Dante, Sheree L. Toth, and Elizabeth D. Handley. "Genetic moderation of interpersonal psychotherapy efficacy for low-income mothers with major depressive disorder: Implications for differential susceptibility." Development and Psychopathology 27, no. 1 (February 2015): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579414001278.
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AbstractGenetic moderation of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) efficacy for economically disadvantaged women with major depressive disorder was examined. Specifically, we investigated whether genotypic variation in corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) and the linked polymorphic region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) moderated effects of IPT on depressive symptoms over time. We also tested genotype moderation of IPT mechanisms on social adjustment and perceived stress. Non-treatment-seeking urban women at or below the poverty level with infants were recruited from the community (N = 126; M age = 25.33 years, SD = 4.99; 54.0% African American, 22.2% Caucasian, and 23.8% Hispanic/biracial) and randomized to individual IPT or Enhanced Community Standard groups. The results revealed that changes in depressive symptoms over time depended on both intervention group and genotypes (5-HTTLPR and CRHR1). Moreover, multiple-group path analysis indicated that IPT improved depressive symptoms, increased social adjustment, and decreased perceived stress at posttreatment among women with the 0 copies of the CRHR1 TAT haplotype only. Finally, improved social adjustment at postintervention significantly mediated the effect of IPT on reduced depressive symptoms at 8 months postintervention for women with 0 copies of the TAT haplotype only. Post hoc analyses of 5-HTTLPR were indicative of differential susceptibility, albeit among African American women only.
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Gangel, Meghan J., Susan P. Keane, Susan D. Calkins, Lilly Shanahan, and Marion O’Brien. "The Association Between Relational Aggression and Perceived Popularity in Early Adolescence: A Test of Competing Hypotheses." Journal of Early Adolescence 37, no. 8 (March 31, 2016): 1078–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431616642327.
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This study examined two competing hypotheses regarding the moderators of the association between relational aggression and peer status in early adolescence. The mitigation relational aggression hypothesis examined whether positive social behaviors reduced the negative effects of relational aggression, thus amplifying the association between relational aggression and perceived popularity. The effective use of relational aggression hypothesis examined whether leadership skills facilitated the proficient use of relational aggression, thus amplifying the association between relational aggression and perceived popularity. Participants were 158 fifth graders (52% female). Post hoc analyses indicated that for girls, leadership significantly moderated the association between relational aggression and perceived popularity after controlling for positive social behaviors. Positive social behaviors did not similarly moderate the association between relational aggression and perceived popularity for boys or girls. Our results demonstrated that in the context of greater leadership, female early adolescents who used more relational aggression were perceived as more popular.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Post-hoc moderator analysis"
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Krein, Jonathan L. "Replication and Knowledge Production in Empirical Software Engineering Research." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4296.
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Although replication is considered an indispensable part of the scientific method in software engineering, few replication studies are published each year. The rate of replication, however, is not surprising given that replication theory in software engineering is immature. Not only are replication taxonomies varied and difficult to reconcile, but opinions on the role of replication contradict. In general, we have no clear sense of how to build knowledge via replication, particularly given the practical realities of our research field. Consequently, most replications in software engineering yield little useful information. In particular, the vast majority of external replications (i.e., replications performed by researchers unaffiliated with the original study) not only fail to reproduce the original results, but defy explanation. The net effect is that, as a research field, we consistently fail to produce usable (i.e., transferable) knowledge, and thus, our research results have little if any impact on industry. In this dissertation, we dissect the problem of replication into four primary concerns: 1) rate and explicitness of replication; 2) theoretical foundations of replication; 3) tractability of methods for context analysis; and 4) effectiveness of inter-study communication. We address each of the four concerns via a two-part research strategy involving both a theoretical and a practical component. The theoretical component consists of a grounded theory study in which we integrate and then apply external replication theory to problems of replication in empirical software engineering. The theoretical component makes three key contributions to the literature: first, it clarifies the role of replication with respect to the overall process of science; second, it presents a flexible framework for reconciling disparate replication terminology; and third, it informs a broad range of practical replication concerns. The practical component involves a series of replication studies, through which we explore a variety of replication concepts and empirical methods, ultimately culminating in the development of a tractable method for context analysis (TCA). TCA enables the quantitative evaluation of context variables in greater detail, with greater statistical power, and via considerably smaller datasets than previously possible. As we show (via a complex, real-world example), the method ultimately enables the empirically and statistically-grounded reconciliation and generalization of otherwise contradictory results across dissimilar replications—which problem has previously remained unsolved in software engineering.
Book chapters on the topic "Post-hoc moderator analysis"
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Becker, Richard C., and Frederick A. Spencer. "Plaque-Stabilizing Therapies." In Fibrinolytic and Antithrombotic Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195155648.003.0028.
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The association between elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and atherothrombotic vascular disease is well established. Lipid-lowering therapies reduce cardiovascular events; however, the mechanism of benefit attributable to HMG CoA reductase inhibitors likely transcends lipids alone by directly or indirectly affecting inflammatory response, endothelial cell resistance, apoptosis, and progenitor cell behavior. Although collectively in the same class of drugs, statins have unique pharmacokinetic profiles. They may also differ in their ability to impact inflammatory responses, endothelial performance including enhanced thromboresistance capability, plaque vulnerability, and vascular thrombosis. Unlike the LDL cholesterol–lowering effect, the “nonlipid”-related properties of statins are less closely tied to dose (Undas et al., 2005). Support for a multifactorial benefit from statin therapy has been derived from a number of clinical trials revealing a nonlinear correlation between LDL cholesterol reduction and protection from clinical events. In the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial–Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA), 1,934 hypertensive patients (ages 40–75) with at least three other cardiovascular risk factors and either average or below average total cholesterol levels received either atorvastatin (10 mg) or placebo. By 3.3 years of follow-up, there was a marked reduction in cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke (fatal and nonfatal) in patients receiving low-dose atorvastatin (Sever et al., 2003). Several studies and registries have also shown a benefit attributable to statin use among patients with acute coronary syndromes. Many, with the exception of the Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL), have been post hoc, retrospective analyses or observational studies (Arntz et al., 2000; Aronow et al., 2001; Bybee et al., 2001; Schwartz et al., 2001). However, in the PROVE-IT (Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy) trial (Cannon et al., 2004), 4,162 patients treated with either pravastatin (40 mg daily—moderate-intensity statin therapy) or atorvastatin (80 mg daily—intensive therapy) within 10 days of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) had a 16% reduction in the likelihood of death (any cause), MI, ACS requiring hospitalization, revascularization, or stroke with more intensive treatment.
Conference papers on the topic "Post-hoc moderator analysis"
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Singh, D., J. C. Virchow, W. Cononica, A. Vele, G. Georges, and A. Papi. "Persistent Airflow Limitation and the Risk for Moderate-Severe Asthma Exacerbations: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the TRIMARAN and TRIGGER Studies." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a1427.
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Hassan, C., H. Thompson, S. Mokashi, and J. Drenth. "COLON CLEANSING EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF 1L NER1006 IN PATIENTS WITH MILD TO MODERATE RENAL IMPAIRMENT: POST HOC ANALYSIS OF RANDOMISED PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIALS." In ESGE Days 2019. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1681377.
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Fitzgerald, Mark, Paul M. O’Byrne, Eric D. Bateman, Peter J. Barnes, Nanshan Zhong, Vijay Alagappan, Glenn Whelan, Rosa Lamarca, Margareta Puu, and Helen K. Reddel. "Number needed to treat (NNT) to have an additional patient free from a severe or moderate/severe exacerbation: post-hoc analysis of SYGMA 1 in mild asthma." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa3716.
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Rennard, Stephen I., Donald P. Tashkin, Tom Uryniak, Frank Trudo, and Ubaldo J. Martin. "Relationship Between Study Withdrawal And Baseline Characteristics In Patients With Moderate To Very Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Post Hoc Analysis Of A 1-Year Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a2943.
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