Relevant bibliographies by topics / Post-Injury Mortality

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Post-Injury Mortality'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Post-Injury Mortality"

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Sansom, Guy W., Douglas J. Brown, and Bakht Imran. "Post-transportation mortality following acute traumatic spinal cord injury." Emergency Medicine 6, no. 4 (2009): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2026.1994.tb00511.x.

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Edavettal, Mathew, Brian W. Gross, Katelyn Rittenhouse, et al. "An Analysis of Beta-Blocker Administration Pre-and Post-Traumatic Brain Injury with Subanalyses for Head Injury Severity and Myocardial Injury." American Surgeon 82, no. 12 (2016): 1203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481608201227.

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A growing body of literature indicates that beta-blocker administration after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is cerebroprotective, limiting secondary injury; however, the effects of preinjury beta blocker status remain poorly understood. We sought to characterize the effects of pre- and post-injury beta-blocker administration on mortality with subanalyses accounting for head injury severity and myocardial injury. In a Level II trauma center, all admissions of patients ≥18 years with a head Abbreviated Injury Scale Score ≥2, Glasgow Coma Scale ≤13 from May 2011 to May 2013 were queried. Demograph
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Carr, Alistair, Martin Shaw, and Charlotte Gilhooly. "1539: POST-DISCHARGE MORTALITY IN SCOTTISH PATIENTS WITH COMPLEX BURN INJURY." Critical Care Medicine 44, no. 12 (2016): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000510213.20573.d7.

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Holper, Elizabeth, Ethan Ungchusri, Robert Farkas, et al. "TCT-142 Association of Acute Kidney Injury with Mortality post TAVR." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 60, no. 17 (2012): B41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.08.161.

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Schroeppel, Thomas J., John P. Sharpe, Louis J. Magnotti, Jordan A. Weinberg, Martin A. Croce, and Timothy C. Fabian. "How to Increase the Burden on Trauma Centers: Implement the 80-hour Work Week." American Surgeon 80, no. 7 (2014): 659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481408000719.

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The 80-hour week was implemented in 2003 to improve outcomes and limit errors. We hypothesize that there has been no change in outcomes postimplementation of the restrictions. Outcomes were queried from the trauma registry from 1997 to 2002 (PRE) and 2004 to 2009 (POST). Primary outcomes were mortality, intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS), and length of stay (LOS). Patients were stratified based on demographics, blood pressure, heart rate, and injury severity (Injury Severity Score, Glasgow Coma Score, base deficit). Outcomes were then compared PRE with POST. A total of 41,770 patient
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Fantaye, helena, Amanuel Lomencho, and Pol de vos. "Assessing the Impact of a New Emergency Triage System on Head Injury Mortality: Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Emergency Department in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (2019): s103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002139.

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Introduction:One of the improvements in Ethiopia’s emergency medical system was the introduction of a five-level Emergency Triage System (ETS) in January 2015 that was piloted in selected Addis Ababa hospitals.Aim:To assess the effect of this intervention on the head injury mortality in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) Emergency Department (ED).Methods:Data were retrospectively collected from all medical records of head injury patients seen in Adult TASH- ED over two 6 months periods, before and after the new Emergency Triage System implementation: 01/04/2014 – 30/09/2014 versus 01/04
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Husum, Hans, and Gino Strada. "Injury Severity Score versus New Injury Severity Score for Penetrating Injuries." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 17, no. 1 (2002): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0000008x.

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AbstractIntroduction:The New Injury Severity Score (NISS) was introduced in 1997 to improve outcome prediction based on anatomical severity scoring in trauma victims. Studies on populations of blunt trauma victims indicate that the NISS, predicts better than the Injury Severity Score (ISS) mortality post-injury, which is why the NISS has been recommended as the new “gold standard” for severity scoring. However, so far the accuracy of the NISS for penetrating injuries has not been validated against the ISS.Methods:ISS and NISS scores were collected retrospectively for 1,787 war-and landmine vic
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Loan, JJM, NW Scott, and JO Jansen. "TP2-3 Long-term survival and five year hospital resource usage following traumatic brain injury in scotland from 1997–2015: a population-based retrospective cohort study." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, no. 3 (2019): e14.2-e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn.44.

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AimTo determine if survival and hospital resource usage differ following traumatic brain injury (TBI) compared with head injury without neurological injury(HI).MethodsThis retrospective population-based cohort study included all 25 319 patients admitted to a Scottish NHS hospital from 1997–2015 with TBI. Participants were identified using previously validated ICD-10 based definitions. For comparison, all 194 049 HI cases were identified. Our main outcome measures were hazards of all-cause mortality after TBI, compared with HI, over 18 years follow-up period; and odds of mortality at one month
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van Mantgem, Phillip J., Donald A. Falk, Emma C. Williams, Adrian J. Das, and Nathan L. Stephenson. "The influence of pre-fire growth patterns on post-fire tree mortality for common conifers in western US parks." International Journal of Wildland Fire 29, no. 6 (2020): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf19020.

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Fire severity in forests is often defined in terms of post-fire tree mortality, yet the influences on tree mortality following fire are not fully understood. Pre-fire growth may serve as an index of vigour, indicating resource availability and the capacity to recover from injury and defend against pests. For trees that are not killed immediately by severe fire injury, tree growth patterns could therefore partially predict post-fire mortality probabilities. Here, we consider the influence of multiple growth patterns on post-fire tree mortality for three common conifer species in the western USA
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Albrecht, Jennifer S., Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria, Christina R. Greene, Patricia Dischinger, and Gabriel E. Ryb. "Post‐Discharge Mortality of Older Adults with Traumatic Brain Injury or Other Trauma." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 67, no. 11 (2019): 2382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16098.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Post-Injury Mortality"

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Psoinos, Charles M. "Predictors of Post-injury Mortality in Elderly Patients with Trauma: A Master's Thesis." eScholarship@UMMS, 2016. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/863.

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Background: Traumatic injury remains a major cause of mortality in the US. Older Americans experience lower rates of injury and higher rates of death at lower injury severity than their younger counterparts. The objectives of this study were to explore pre-injury factors and injury patterns that are associated with post-discharge mortality among injured elderly surviving index hospitalization. Methods: We queried a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries (n=2,002,420) for any hospitalization with a primary ICD-9 diagnosis code for injury. Patients admitted without urgent/emergent admission
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Gerges, Peter Raouf Aziz. "Effect of intensity of care on mortality and withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies in severe traumatic brain injury patients : a post-hoc analysis of a multicenter cohort study." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30951.

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Introduction et objectifs Le traumatisme craniocérébral (TCC) est un problème de santé majeur dans le monde. Chez les patients ayant subi un TCC grave, une amélioration de la mortalité a été observée dans les centres de traumatologie offrant une intensité de traitement élevée et un monitorage intensif. Cependant, la mortalité ainsi que l’incidence du retrait du maintien des fonctions vitales varient entre les différents centres de traumatologie. Notre étude visait à évaluer l’association en l’effet de l'intensité des soins sur l’incidence du retrait du maintien des fonctions vitales et de mort
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Quistrebert, Yohann. "Pour un statut fondateur de la victime psychologique en droit de la responsabilité civile." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1G001.

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Le retentissement psychologique d’événements sources de responsabilité, quels qu’ils soient – acte de terrorisme, perte d’un être cher, harcèlement moral… – est spécifique du fait de ses caractères protéiforme et invisible. Tout d’abord, le premier d’entre eux tient au fait qu’en matière psychologique tant les atteintes que les souffrances en résultant sont diverses. Ainsi, d’un point de vue lésionnel, certains événements vont s’avérer plus traumatisants que d’autres, principalement ceux au cours desquels le sujet a été confronté à sa propre mort. Concernant la souffrance, un sujet peut tout a
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Books on the topic "Post-Injury Mortality"

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Chong, Ji Y., and Michael P. Lerario. Cardiac Arrest. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190495541.003.0028.

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Hypoxic–ischemic brain injury is common following cardiopulmonary arrest and is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Therapeutic hypothermia has been helpful in increasing survival and functional outcomes in these patients. The neurological examination, neuroimaging studies, and ancillary serological and neurophysiological testing can be helpful in prognostication post-arrest.
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Pearse, Rupert, and Stephen James. Identification of the high-risk surgical patient. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0360.

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The low overall post-operative mortality rate conceals the existence of a sub-group of high-risk patients, which accounts for over 80% of post-operative deaths. Age, co-morbid disease, limited functional capacity, and an emergency presentation for major surgery are hallmarks risk. The magnitude, duration, and consequences of post-operative morbidity are determined by a complex interplay between the indication for surgery, the resulting tissue injury, and patient factors. A number of methods including risk scoring and cardiopulmonary exercise testing can be used to identify the high-risk group.
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Fine, Derek M., and Sana Waheed. Renal Complications. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0042.

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Renal disease in persons with HIV has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality since the onset of the epidemic. HIV nephropathy (HIVAN) was the most common form of kidney disease initially seen, but in the post-antiretroviral therapy (ART) era it is much less common. Other renal conditions associated with HIV infection include immune complex disease and classic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The pathologic spectrum of renal disease in patients with HIV is extensive. Some conditions, including HIVAN, improve following treatment of the virus with ART. Acute kidney injury is much more c
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Giacca, Mauro, and Borja Ibáñez. Advanced therapies to treat cardiovascular diseases: controversies and perspectives. Edited by José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, et al. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0028.

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There is a pressing need to develop novel therapies for myocardial infarction and heart failure, two conditions that affect over 20% of the world population. Despite important advances in achieving revascularization of the ischaemic myocardium and the usefulness of devices in assisting failing hearts, therapy for these conditions remains poor. The final extent of myocardial tissue loss after infarction is a major determinant of post-infarction mortality due to heart failure. In this chapter we review the current strategies aimed at counteracting injury due to acute myocardial ischaemia–reperfu
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Ramachandran, Raja, and Vivekanand Jha. Renal involvement in other infections. Edited by Vivekanand Jha. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0198_update_001.

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Renal involvement has been described in patients with many other infections and this chapter discusses several of these.Water-borne infections are a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) worldwide but especially in tropical regions. Cholera is notoriously dangerous but any other cause of fluid-depletion may achieve the same. Typhoid fever is more likely to cause AKI from its complications than directly, but a small proportion of patients have glomerulonephritis.Meliodosis is caused by the intracellular organism Burkholderia pseudomallei. It typically affects workers in paddy (rice) fields
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Farmakis, Dimitrios, John Parissis, and Gerasimos Filippatos. Acute heart failure: epidemiology, classification, and pathophysiology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0051.

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Acute heart failure is defined as the rapid development or change of symptoms and signs of heart failure that requires urgent medical attention and usually hospitalization. Acute heart failure is the first reason for hospital admission in individuals aged 65 or more and accounts for nearly 70% of the total health care expenditure for heart failure. It is characterized by an adverse prognosis, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 4-7%, a 2-3-month post-discharge mortality of 7-11%, and a 2-3-month readmission rate of 25-30%. The majority of patients have a previous history of heart failure and
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Book chapters on the topic "Post-Injury Mortality"

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Gill, Arshpal, Ra’ed Nassar, Ruby Sangha, et al. "Hepatorenal Syndrome." In Advances in Hepatology. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97698.

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Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) is an important condition for clinicians to be aware of in the presence of cirrhosis. In simple terms, HRS is defined as a relative rise in creatinine and relative drop in serum glomerular filtration rate (GFR) alongside renal plasma flow (RPF) in the absence of other competing etiologies of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. It represents the end stage complication of decompensated cirrhosis in the presence of severe portal hypertension, in the absence of prerenal azotemia, acute tubular necrosis or others. It is a diagnosis of exclusion. The recognition of HRS is of paramount importance for clinicians as it carries a high mortality rate and is an indication for transplantation. Recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease improved treatment approaches, but the overall prognosis remains poor, with Type I HRS having an average survival under 2 weeks. Generally speaking, AKI and renal failure in cirrhotic patients carry a very high mortality rate, with up to 60% mortality rate for patients with renal failure and cirrhosis and 86.6% of overall mortality rates of patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Of the various etiologies of renal failure in cirrhosis, HRS carries a poor prognosis among cirrhotic patients with acute kidney injury. HRS continues to pose a diagnostic challenge. AKI can be either pre-renal, intrarenal or postrenal. Prerenal causes include hypovolemia, infection, use of vasodilators and functional due to decreased blood flow to the kidney, intra-renal such as glomerulopathy, acute tubular necrosis and post-renal such as obstruction. Patients with cirrhosis are susceptible to developing renal impairment. HRS may be classified as Type 1 or rapidly progressive disease, and Type 2 or slowly progressive disease. There are other types of HRS, but this chapter will focus on Type 1 HRS and Type 2 HRS. HRS is considered a functional etiology of acute kidney injury as there is an apparent lack of nephrological parenchymal damage. It is one several possibilities for acute kidney injury in patients with both acute and chronic liver disease. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most severe complications that could occur with cirrhosis. Up to 50% of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis can suffer from acute kidney injury, and as mentioned earlier an AKI in the presence of cirrhosis in a hospitalized patient has been associated with nearly a 3.5-fold increase in mortality. The definition of HRS will be discussed in this chapter, but it is characterized specifically as a form of acute kidney injury that occurs in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis which results in a reduction in renal blood flow, unresponsive to fluids this occurs in the setting of portal hypertension and splanchnic vasodilation. This chapter will discuss the incidence of HRS, recognizing HRS, focusing mainly on HRS Type I and Type II, recognizing competing etiologies of renal impairment in cirrhotic patients, and the management HRS.
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Choudry, Fizzah, and Anthony Mathur. "Stem cell delivery and therapy." In Oxford Textbook of Interventional Cardiology, edited by Simon Redwood, Nick Curzen, and Adrian Banning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754152.003.0050.

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Despite the important advances in medical and catheter-based therapy that have driven down mortality associated with cardiovascular disease, particularly acute myocardial infarction, long-term mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction remains unacceptably high. The processes of myocardial damage and adaptation were thought to be irreversible as the heart was considered to be a terminally differentiated post-mitotic organ. This dogma has been challenged recently, particularly with the demonstration of continued cell division within the adult heart following injury such as myocardial infarction. Several researchers have now isolated and identified resident cardiac stem cells that are capable of differentiating into multiple cardiac cell lineages such as cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the self-renewal capabilities of the human heart are unable to overcome the massive loss of cardiomyocytes, up to a billion cells, seen in myocardial infarction and heart failure. This is in contrast to non-mammalian vertebrates such as the zebrafish, which have been demonstrated to be able to regenerate up to 20% of the left ventricle following injury. There is therefore a growing initiative to determine whether the human heart can also be directed to elicit a regenerative response following injury either through upregulation of its own intrinsic repair mechanisms or by the addition of biological therapies such as adult stem/progenitor cells. The role of the interventional cardiologist is in the development of protocols and techniques that allow the safe and efficient targeted delivery of these cells to patients as well as identifying patient groups that may derive the most benefit.
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Wiles, Kate. "Renal disease in pregnancy." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Catherine Nelson-Piercy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0267.

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Pregnancy leads to extensive and complex physiological changes in the kidney and renal system. This chapter explores the various complications that can occur in the renal system of the pregnant woman, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and urinary tract infection. The causes of acute kidney injury in pregnancy are as those in the non-pregnant patient, but additional pregnancy-related pathologies must be considered, including pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemias (haemolytic uraemic syndrome and thombotic thrombocytopenic purpura) are rare but can be triggered by pregnancy or the post-partum state. Failure of the renal system to adapt to pregnancy is hypothesized to lead to the increase in adverse maternal and fetal outcomes seen in women with chronic kidney disease. Asymptomatic bacteriuria affects 2–10% of pregnant women and is associated with increased risks of symptomatic infection, preterm birth, low birth weight, and perinatal mortality. Antibiotic treatment mitigates these risks.
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"Acute kidney injury (AKI)." In Oxford Desk Reference Nephrology, edited by Jonathan Barratt, Peter Topham, Sue Carr, Mustafa Arici, and Adrian Liew. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198777182.003.0012.

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) can generally be considered as sudden reduction in kidney function occurring over hours to days, and is commonly but not always associated with a reduction in urine output. Its definition was based on rises in serum creatinine and reductions in urine output criteria. Its incidence, prevalence, and aetiology vary according to the country/region profile (low income, high income, tropical, etc.), age (children, adult, or elderly), and clinical setting (outpatients versus inpatient, hospital versus intensive care unit). The incidence of AKI is increasing in the hospital setting, and is more common with increasing age, male sex, pre-existing CKD, and comorbidity (congestive cardiac failure, diabetes, hypertension). The majority of cases result from multiple insults: dehydration, drugs in conjunction with inflammation and/or sepsis. AKI may have a spectrum of being an incidental finding with no signs or symptoms to a moderate to severe condition with increased morbidity and mortality due to accumulation of nitrogenous waste products and fluid–electrolyte disorders. The aetiologies of AKI are numerous and can broadly be classified as pre-renal, intrinsic renal, and post-renal (obstructive). A thorough evaluation of the patients with AKI for diagnosis and treatment are required. There are no specific treatments, but eliminating aetiological reasons and protection from further kidney function loss are crucial. A balanced haemodynamic management along with a balanced fluid–electrolyte replacement and arranging drug dosages are important. Various modes of renal replacement therapies may be used for treating severe cases.
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"Advances in Fisheries Bioengineering." In Advances in Fisheries Bioengineering, edited by Paul G. Heisey, Dilip Mathur, Joanne L. Fulmer, and Enn Kotkas. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874028.ch9.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—The results of our study contradict the current view that postspawned or late running adult American shad <em>Alosa sapidissima </em>suffer higher turbine-related mortality, particularly at water temperatures ≥ 20.0°C, than prespawned upstream migrants. The reported difficulty in successfully tagging postspawned American shad led us to fabricate a specialized stress reduction device to minimize handling and tagging related mortality; such losses were essentially zero in our turbine passage survival experiment. Our methodology may be broadly applicable to other large-sized fish (>350 mm) or fragile species for estimating postpassage in-river survival. We successfully noted the postpassage condition and injury type of virtually all recaptured fish, removed balloon tags, and released shad with radio tags attached to estimate postpassage in-river survival. The estimated 24–48 h, post-passage, inriver survival through Kaplan and mixed-flow turbines was 88.2% (90% confidence interval [CI] = 82.5–94.0%) and 84.3% (90% CI = 77.9–90.6%), respectively. These estimates are higher than the only two literature citations (53% and 75.8%) found for healthy prespawned shad passed through similar type turbines. Mathematical projections of potential American shad population responses show that a reduction in repeat spawners of the magnitude estimated herein has a minor effect on the time to achieve a self-sustaining population in the upper Susquehanna River relative to the effects of reductions in fishway passage efficiency (<80%) at each dam and low reproductive rates (indexed by returning adults after accounting for mortality from all sources). However, it appears that the American shad population can increase downstream of the first dam on the river.
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"Advances in Fisheries Bioengineering." In Advances in Fisheries Bioengineering, edited by Paul G. Heisey, Dilip Mathur, Joanne L. Fulmer, and Enn Kotkas. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874028.ch9.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—The results of our study contradict the current view that postspawned or late running adult American shad <em>Alosa sapidissima </em>suffer higher turbine-related mortality, particularly at water temperatures ≥ 20.0°C, than prespawned upstream migrants. The reported difficulty in successfully tagging postspawned American shad led us to fabricate a specialized stress reduction device to minimize handling and tagging related mortality; such losses were essentially zero in our turbine passage survival experiment. Our methodology may be broadly applicable to other large-sized fish (>350 mm) or fragile species for estimating postpassage in-river survival. We successfully noted the postpassage condition and injury type of virtually all recaptured fish, removed balloon tags, and released shad with radio tags attached to estimate postpassage in-river survival. The estimated 24–48 h, post-passage, inriver survival through Kaplan and mixed-flow turbines was 88.2% (90% confidence interval [CI] = 82.5–94.0%) and 84.3% (90% CI = 77.9–90.6%), respectively. These estimates are higher than the only two literature citations (53% and 75.8%) found for healthy prespawned shad passed through similar type turbines. Mathematical projections of potential American shad population responses show that a reduction in repeat spawners of the magnitude estimated herein has a minor effect on the time to achieve a self-sustaining population in the upper Susquehanna River relative to the effects of reductions in fishway passage efficiency (<80%) at each dam and low reproductive rates (indexed by returning adults after accounting for mortality from all sources). However, it appears that the American shad population can increase downstream of the first dam on the river.
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Farmakis, Dimitrios, and Gerasimos Filippatos. "Acute heart failure: epidemiology, classification, and pathophysiology." In The ESC Textbook of Intensive and Acute Cardiovascular Care, edited by Marco Tubaro, Pascal Vranckx, Eric Bonnefoy-Cudraz, Susanna Price, and Christiaan Vrints. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198849346.003.0046.

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Acute heart failure (AHF) is defined as the rapid development or change of symptoms and signs of heart failure that requires urgent medical attention and usually hospitalization. it represents the first reason for hospital admission in individuals aged 65 or more and accounts for nearly 70% of the total healthcare expenditure for heart failure. It is generally characterized by adverse prognosis, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 4-7%, a 2 to 3-month post-discharge mortality of 7-11% and a 2 to 3-month readmission rate of 25-30%. The majority of patients have a previous history of heart failure and present with symptoms and/or signs of congestion and normal or increased blood pressure, while about half of them have preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. A high prevalence of cardiovascular or non-cardiovascular comorbidities is further observed, including coronary artery disease, arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, renal dysfunction, chronic lung disease, anemia and iron deficiency. Different classification criteria have been proposed for AHF, reflecting the clinical heterogeneity of the syndrome. Classifications according to the past history of heart failure (acutely decompensated chronic or de novo), the systolic blood pressure upon presentation (hypertensive, normotensive or hypotensive) and the presence or absence of congestion and peripheral hypoperfusion are among the most widely used. The pathophysiology of AHF involves several mechanisms, including volume overload, pressure overload, myocardial loss and restrictive filling, while several cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular precipitating factors lead to AHF. Regardless of the underlying mechanism, peripheral and/or pulmonary congestion is present in the vast majority of AHF, resulting from fluid retention and/or fluid redistribution, while a marked reduction in cardiac output with peripheral hypoperfusion occurs in a minority of cases. Myocardial injury and renal dysfunction are important factor involved in the precipitation and progression of the syndrome.
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Forrest, Ewan. "Alcoholic liver disease." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Jack Satsangi. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0327.

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The incidence of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) follows the trend of per capita alcohol consumption, with hepatic injury which extends from fatty liver to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. It is unclear how alcohol causes liver disease, but postulated mechanisms include (1) oxidative stress and acetaldehyde generated by the metabolism of ethanol, and (2) innate and adaptive immune responses. Factors determining the susceptibility to liver disease in heavy drinkers are believed to include a variety of host and environmental factors, with genetic factors increasingly recognized. Clinical manifestations are extremely variable, and some patients remain relatively well while others suffer the effects of severe hepatic failure. Although patients can come to light with a life-threatening complication, most often they develop symptoms which are not immediately related to the liver, such as nonspecific digestive symptoms or psychiatric complaints. The key to the early recognition of alcohol-related disease is having a high index of suspicion, with confirmation by (1) direct questioning for alcohol history and alcohol-related symptoms; (2) clinical examination for signs of chronic liver disease; (3) supportive investigations, including aspartate aminotransferase, which is less than 500 IU/litre and greater than the alanine aminotransferase level; and (4) liver biopsy, which may be required in some cases of diagnostic uncertainty and to confirm the stage of the disease, revealing alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, or cirrhosis. Management is governed by the stage and severity of the liver disease, but always includes abstinence and adequate nutritional support. In selected patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis, corticosteroids can reduce short-term mortality. Transplantation remains the only effective treatment for advanced alcoholic cirrhosis, although this remains controversial, mainly because of concerns about post-transplant recidivism.
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Conference papers on the topic "Post-Injury Mortality"

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Chandra, N., M. Skotak, and F. Wang. "Biomechanical Response of Rats Under a Wide Range of Blast Overpressures in Blast Injury Animal Models." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14652.

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We evaluated the acute (up to 24 hours) pathophysiological response to primary blast using a rat model and helium driven shock tube. The shock tube generates animal loadings with controlled pure primary blast parameters over a wide range of field-relevant conditions. The biomechanical loading was evaluated using a set of pressure gauges mounted on the surface of the nose, in the cranial space and in the thoracic cavity of cadaver rats. The mortality rates were established using anesthetized rats exposed to a single blast at five peak overpressures over a wide range of shock intensities (130, 1
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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Post-Injury Mortality' for particular source types:
Journal articles
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