Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Post récolte'
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Kadim, Saleh Ouafaa. "LeStockage des produits végétaux au Maroc : choix technique et pertes post-récolte." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA2001.
Full textThe food storage is a key step in the chain of plants processing activities. Despite the abundance of work in this domain, field surveys are widely dispersed. The objective of our work is to establish a repository interpretative of plant products storage structures and to identify ail the factors determining the use of a structure rather than another. This study describes and identifies the technical function of the main storage structures encountered during a survey in three regions in northern, western and southern Morocco. The survey shows that rural moroccan tribes do not have the same importance to the various plant food storage techniques. From north to south of Morocco, we met with various techniques. This technical choice is not only linked to changes in regional eating habits, it is also influenced by a variety of environmental and socio-economic. The type of cereal does not govern this choice: it is the destination of grain harvested (sale, consumption or sowing), which determines the storage system. The study also addresses the conservation of crops which are not always attaches importance. Cereals are stored in Morocco as part of food security until the next harvest. Depending on the length of storage, the efficacy of cereals storage techniques. These commodities may suffer substantial qualitative and quantitative losses due to a variety of pests. This research presents the results of an evaluation of dry weight losses due to the insects attacks during the underground storage (underground pits) and aboveground storage (plastic bags) of the cereals (durum wheat, common it and maize). Our study bas been performed in the region of Doukkala (North Western of Morocco). During a period of tow, six and twelve months, we have taken 80 samples of wheat and maize from the underground pits and plastic bags. Results Shaw the corns were preserved better of underground pits than of plastic bag. The maize represents the highest losses rates in the level of underground and aboveground storage, a weight decrease of about 3,5% and 8,740/ were recorded during its conservation. Rates of insects attacks which are low or almost zero at the beginning of storage, easily reach 4,74% and 19% at the end of one year of storage. This work evaluates cereals weight losses due sects attack during storage in our area of study, and identifies the sources and the factors responsible for insects' infestation
Ayala, Garay Oscar Javler. "Etude écophysiologique de deux cultivars de cerfeuil tubéreux, Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. : accumulation d'amidon dans les tubercules et impact des modes de conservation sur l'hydrolyse de l'amidon." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NSARC065.
Full textPortillo, Paez Elvis. "Caractérisation de l'arôme du cacao de type Criollo : influence des conditions de traitement post-récolte." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20069.
Full textGonzalez, Rios Oscar. "Impact des technologies de traitement post-récolte sur la qualité aromatique et sensorielle du café." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20028.
Full textCharles, Marie Thérèse. "Bases physiologiques de la résistance aux maladies post-récolte induite par les rayons UV chez la tomate." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ51252.pdf.
Full textMounjouenpou, Pauline. "Aspergillus noirs producteurs d’ochratoxine A dans le cacao : biodiversité et incidence des traitements post-récolte au Cameroun." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20138.
Full textThe effect of post-harvest processes on cocoa contamination by OTA was studied. The type of fermentation (box or heap) did not significantly influence total fungal microflora, toxigenesis, or bean OTA content. However, pod integrity and time to pod opening were aggravating factors for contamination. The ochratoxigenic strains isolated belonged to the species A. Niger agg (producing less OTA with a maximum content of 3. 6 ng. G-1) and A. Carbonarius (for which the maximum reached 2772 ng. G-1). All the A. Carbonarius isolates were OTA producers, whereas only 8% of the A. Niger agg isolates were. The growth and toxigenesis of these strains depended on physico-chemical and environmental conditions. Water activity was an essential factor (optimum production between 0. 95 and 0. 99). Among alkaloids naturally present in cocoa beans (caffeine, theobromine and epicatechin), only caffeine exhibited an effect on growth and toxigenesis. Identification of Aspergillus species on cocoa using PCR techniques with specific primers made it possible to separate A. Carbonarius and the A. Niger agg complex. However, the components of the complex were neither dissociable by this technique, nor by sequencing of the amplificates of the ITS1/ ITS2 partial fragments. The black Aspergillus isolated displayed substantial biodiversity. A study of the genomic profiles obtained by RAPD-PCR revealed that this biodiversity depended neither on the year of the cocoa season, nor on the type of post-harvest processing; however, it could be influenced by the degree of bean processing. Pod condition and, more generally, good agricultural practices were the best guarantee of safety
Durand, Noël. "Dynamique des populations microbiennes au cours dutraitement post récolte du café et relations interspécifiques entre souches ochratoxinogènes." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20232/document.
Full textOchratoxin A (OTA) is mainly produced on coffee beans by fungal species Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus westerdijkiae, and is known for its impact on human health through nephrotoxic, immunotox, teratogenic and oncogenic effects.The OTA content in coffee was shown to be closely linked to harvesting conditions, post-harvest processing conditions and especially dry processing, storage and transportation conditions. In some producing countries, damaged caused on beans by fungal communities undoubtedly lead to high OTA contents in coffee. In order to understand the OTA contamination process, the dynamics and biodiversity of microbial populations (bacteria, yeast and moulds) was analyzed during post-harvest treatment by use of a global microbial ecology approach at the molecular level, so-called PCR-DGGE. Specific variations in evolution and diversity of microbial flora were observed as a function of the step and type of treatment, which were specific of the location of production. The genomic region targeted by the global approach and the genetic proximity of ochratoxigenic fungal strains made their study and identification difficult using the the global approach. In addition, a simple and rapid method for the molecular differentiation of A. westerdijkiae and A. ochraceus was established and, coupled with image analysis, allowed the quantification of A. westerdijkiae.Moreover, competition and inhibition effects on growth and OTA production (>90%) could be observed for low OTA producers A. niger and A. ochraceus species towards the high OTA producer A. westerdijkiae species. Results obtained during this study are of importance for understanding microbial population dynamics during coffee transformation processes. Moreover, it provides possible clues for prevention and control of coffee contamination by OTA
Belkacem, Nesrine. "Distribution des moisissures post-récolte et action antifongique des bactéries lactiques isolées du blé dur en Tunisie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4350.
Full textDuring storage and under bad storage conditions, wheat grains can undergo various alterations caused by fungal growth. Molds can produce toxins that can have an impact on consumer health. Assessment of fungal diversity on wheat storage locally produced cereal in northern Tunisia during two successive years (2010-2011 and 2011-2012) showed a dominance of the genus Alternaria. Study of kinetics evolution of mycoflora during storage is characterized by a particular pattern depending on geographic and temporal parameters and ecophysiological conditions. Evaluation of toxigenic fungal revealed a low percentage of ochratoxinogenic isolates. Occurence of OTA in wheat showed contamination levels under European standards. The study on sporulation physiology and production of OTA by Solid State Fermentation by A. carbonarius shown amplification and production of conidiospores OTA wet forced by aeration. The evaluation of the antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the 15 wheat storage against 8 post-harvest molds showed good ability of Lb. plantarum to inhibit the growth of these fungi. The study of anti-ochratoxinogène activity Lb. LabN10 plantarum, Lb. and P. graminis LabN11 LabN12 pentosaceus showed a significant effect of temperature, pH and the bacterial biomass on the inhibition of the fungal biomass and on the reduction of OTA
Etienne, Audrey. "Quels processus physiologiques pilotent l’acidité de la banane dessert (sp. Musa) en pré et post récolte ? : Modélisation écophysiologique et analyse expérimentale de l’effet du génotype et des conditions de croissance du fruit." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0777/document.
Full textCitric and malic acids determine the sourness and sweetness of banana pulp, which are the two main determinants of consumer preferences. The present work focused on the physiological processes controlling the accumulation of citric and malic acids in banana pulp (Musa sp. AA) using experimental analysis and ecophysiological modeling. We chose an integrative approach linking the pre and post-harvest stages, and focused on the effect of genotype and fruit growing conditions. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of fruit load, potassium fertilization and fruit age at harvest on the accumulation of citrate and malate in banana pulp. To account for genotypic variability, three genotypes with contrasting acidity at the eating stage were studied. Major differences in the pattern of citrate and malate accumulation were found in the three cultivars both during growth and post-harvest ripening and were shown to be the result of metabolic changes. The harvest stage had a significant effect on the concentrations of acids during post-harvest ripening. Fruit load and potassium fertilization had no effect.Ecophysiological models were developed to predict several banana acidity criteria during the pre and post harvest stages. pH and titratable acidity were predicted by a model of acid-base reactions; malate content by a model of vacuolar storage; and citrate content by a model of the TCA cycle. These models led to the identification of the key physiological processes that control banana acidity. Genotypic parameters were identified, which were related to the activity of the mitochondrial malic enzyme and of the malate mitochondrial carriers in the citrate model, as well as to the activity of the vacuolar proton pump, ATPase, in the malate model. The two models were also used to analyze the effects of fruit growth conditions on banana acidity.Combining the three models in a global model of banana acidity, and the possible use of this model for varietal improvement are discussed
Hamdouche, Yasmine. "Discrimination des procédés de transformation post-récolte du Cacao et du Café par analyse globale de l’écologie microbienne." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NSAM0014/document.
Full textCocoa and coffee are the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. They undergo many post-harvest transformations in producing countries (tropical) before being exported. Post-harvest processes differ from one country to another and from one production site to another. The technological transformation of cocoa on commercial beans and of coffee to green coffee requires a primary process handling. These practices play a crucial role in global and organoleptic quality of the products that will be processed. Our work hypothesis isthat different post-harvest processing applied to coffee and cocoa have an influence on the structure of microbial communities. The main objective was to measure this effect by performing a global analysis of microbial ecology using a molecular biology tool (PCR-DGGE, PCR amplification coupled to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). This technique allows variations in microbial communities to be detected and the main microbial species to be identified by sequencing.Our approach permitted to discriminate treatments, and the geographical origin of Cameroonian and Indonesian coffees. Notably, we showed that geographical origin and coffee species have a minor impact on the structure of the microbial communities when compared to the type of process used (wet or dry).By applying the approach to cocoa, we could link the global analysis of microbial ecology (PCR-DGGE) to the analysis of volatile compounds (SPME-GC-MS) to discriminate the different post-harvest treatments. Micro-fermentation were carried out with strains isolated from cocoa (L. fermentum, A. pasteurianus, P. kudriavzevii and P. mashurica) in order to identify the origin of the volatile compounds detected in the fermented cocoa. This study contributed to to show that fermentation combined with a short storage duration before fermentation is the best method to obtain cocoa beans with more desirable aromatic compounds. The statistical analysis was used to combine the results of the two types of analyzes (microbial ecology and aromatic compounds) and get relations between the detected microbial species and volatile compounds. The identified aromatic profiles prompted us to consider the use of the tested microbial strains as starter culture for cocoa fermentation
Bourget, Stéphanie. "Évaluation de l'effet des champs magnétiques statiques sur le mûrissement et la sénescence des tomates en post-récolte." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28619/28619.pdf.
Full textGaspar, José Walter. "Etude du développement et du métabolisme post-récolte de la mangue (Mangifera indica L. ) à l'aide de stratégies haut débit." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20055.
Full textTannous, Joanna. "Patuline, mycotoxine de Penicillium expansum, principal pathogène post-récolte des pommes : nouvelles données sur sa biosynthèse et développement d'approches préventives." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0030/document.
Full textAmong diseases affecting apples, blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum is a major concern causing yield and quality losses due to the production of mycotoxins, of which patulin is the most alarming one. This mycotoxin was proven to be harmful for humans and animals. The pathogen growth and the patulin production occur under specific physico-chemical conditions (temperature, pH…). However, the description of these conditions in literature remains largely insufficient for the development of strategies to fight the development of the fungus. Furthermore, patulin remains, along with ochratoxin A, the only toxins for which the biosynthetic pathway is not fully established yet at both chemical and molecular levels. Firstly, this study provides supplementary data on the physico-chemical factors that modulate P. expansum growth and its ability to produce patulin. The acquaintance of these conditions leads, in practice, to the control of the patulin contamination along the food chain. Secondly, significant improvements were brought on the fundamental level, especially by elucidating the patulin biosynthetic pathway. The cluster of genes involved in the biosynthesis of this mycotoxin was fully identified and characterized in the species of greatest concern P. expansum. In order to reveal additional info on the biosynthesis of this mycotoxin, the specific factor of the pathway (patL) was characterized. The disruption of this gene has led to failure in patulin production and an important decrease in Pat genes expression. Furthermore, pathogenesis studies, using this same deficient strain showed that patulin potentially acts as a virulence factor during P. expansum development on apples. The last step of the patulin biosynthetic pathway was later characterized by site-directed mutagenesis of the patE gene in the same species. This gene encodes a Glucose Methanol Choline (GMC) oxidoreductase that is responsible for the conversion of ascladiol to patulin. Ascladiol is not only the last intermediate in the patulin pathway but also the main product of patulin degradation during the alcoholic fermentation of apple juice. The non-toxicity of ascladiol accumulated by the ΔpatE strain was proved against the human Caco-2 cell line. Finally a Real time PCR assay was developed to specifically detect and quantify P. expansum. This was done by targeting a highly specific gene from the patulin gene cluster in P. expansum, patF. This predictive approach allowed the quick estimation of the patulin content via the quantification of the P. expansum DNA in apples. To conclude, this thesis is part of the patulin's risk management study in the fruit sector; it provides significant improvements on both fundamental and practical levels. These advances are mainly characterized by the sequencing of the patulin gene cluster, the development of a molecular diagnostic tool and the demonstration of the non-cytotoxicity of ascladiol
Salim, Douaa. "Formulations écocompatibles d'extraits de l'algue verte Ulva Lactuca pour la préservation des agrumes après récolte." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0128.
Full textCitrus cultivation is one of the most widespread in the Mediterranean countries. However, these citrus fruits are exposed to many post-harvest diseases, usually caused by the pathogen "Penicillium digitatum". Several chemical fungicides used for decades have proven to be harmful to health and the environment. With the societal and regulatory context evolving, new strategies are being considered to move towards safer solutions. Therefore, the work aims to develop a biopesticide using natural molecules from a green alga for the protection of citrus fruits. However, the action of the active molecules depends on the method of formulation. The Ulva lactuca green algae selected for this study are abundant in the Lebanese coastal areas. Several extracts were made by maceration with green solvents (water, ethanol, ethyl acetate) to obtain different compositions of secondary metabolites. Among these lipophilic or hydrophilic molecules, some are at the origin of the anti-fungal activity detected for the extracts. The mechanism of action of active fractions (crude extracts and isolated chlorophylls) on P. digitatum was studied by measuring the activity of the defense enzymes of citrus cells. The enzymes -1,3- glucanase and peroxidases have been identified as being responsible for fungal cell wall degradation. In addition, in order to preserve the activity of the aqueous extracts for several months, microencapsulation by atomization was carried out using biopolymers. In order to limit the consumption of active molecules and to facilitate their adhesion to the fruit surface, the aqueous extract of Ulva lactuca was formulated in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion. For that, biosourced emulsifiers were synthesized respecting the principles of green chemistry. The amphiphilic character of these aconitates gives them, the ability to stabilize an emulsion containing the aqueous extract of Ulvalactuca. Several microbiological tests showed the effectiveness of the new ingredients (aqueous fraction and emulsifying agent) towards the multiplication, adhesion and germination of Penicillium digitatum. Thus, the emulsification of the aqueous extract optimized its anti-fungal activity,ensuring a homogeneous diffusion of the active molecules to the surface to be treated, then forming a protective vegetable oil film. Finally, in vivo tests over 6 weeks indicated that emulsions and aqueous extract can significantly reduce the infection rate of oranges. In conclusion, this work proposes natural or biobased ingredients implemented by ecocompatible processes to provide an alternative solution to citrus fruit postharvest preservation
Da, Guillaume. "Les procédés de transformation post-récolte du manioc à petite échelle dans les villages métiers au Vietnam : analyses et potentialités d'innovations." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS033.
Full textThis study deals with the analysis and the potentialities for improvement of the manufacturing process for producing cassava starch at the household level in developing countries. Despite the great diversity of the technologies employed in different socio-economic contexts, few studies analyzed the performances of these manufacturing processes at this level. This thesis, based on a case study, proposes a method of analysis of the manufacturing process for producing starch from cassava and its optimization at this small scale. To begin with, it aims to carry out a double diagnosis: a first phase consisting of a participatory assessment with the stakeholders from the cassava processing value chain; followed by a quantitative assessment in which balance sheet flows of materials and energy are measured and performed. The comparison with other processing technologies in Colombia is also carried out. In the second phase, the processing stages and the possible technological innovations are analyzed by modeling two types of realistic extractors. The case study was conducted in a cluster of craft villages in northern Vietnam. The results showed that the main differences between the three processing types, which differ in the rasping and extraction stages, were in capacities, water consumptions and electrical requirements. New technologies have been adopted in order to overcome high space limitation constraints for processing activities. Thus, a dynamic model was obtained for two types of extractors in order to reduce the quantity of discharged liquid waste. A simulation of a recycling process for both types of extractors showed that the water consumption level could be reduced from 35% to 43%. The realistic design of this optimization is proposed without major modification of the equipment. Looking ahead, the methodology proposed in this study is formalized in order to be improved and used as a basis for other process of manufacturing and products
Piccino, Sébastien. "Rôle des constituants chimiques du café vert, du terroir et des traitements post-récolte sur la qualité aromatique du "Bourbon Pointu"." Thesis, La Réunion, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LARE0021.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of “Bourbon Pointu” coffee, Coffea arabica var. laurina, born from a spontaneous mutation of the Bourbon variety in Reunion Island. The mean contents of non-volatile main compounds of green coffee are (percentage of dry matter): sucrose (7.1), trigonellin (1.3), caffeine (0.75), cafeoyl-5-quinic acid (1.7), palmitic acid (5.0), linoleic acid (6.5). Sensory analysis allowed to develop an original short time roasting profile. Among the 145 volatiles compounds extracted from roasted coffee powders by SPME, the mean contents of the five major components (ppm) are: acetic acid (34), 2-furanmethanol (117), 5-methyl-2-furfural (166), furfural (144), 2 methylpyrazine (47). These five volatile compounds extracted by SPE are found in the brew coffee: acetic acid (23), 2-furanmethanol (405), 5-methyl-2-furfural (36), furfural (85), 2- methylpyrazine (73) plus -butyrolactone (97). The ratio of molecule content to its perception threshold defines the “Odor Activity Value” (OAV). The conversion of the contents of volatile compounds in units OAV emphasized nine molecules with an important olfactory impact: 2-furfurylthiol (roasted coffee), 2-methylpropanal (chocolate), dodecanal (citrus), 2-ethylhexan-1-ol (citrus),-pinene (woody, citrus), furfural (woody, caramel), 2-hydroxy-3-methylcyclopent-2-en-1-one (maple), hex-2-enal (green apple), 2-methylbut-2- enal (fruity, green). The determination of these OAV differentiated the three commercial categories related to their typical odor due to the predominance of aldehydes for the "Grand cru", phenylacetaldehyde for "Sublime" and pyrazines for "Authentic". Geoclimatic conditions and post-harvest processing have a significant influence on the green coffee composition, on the flavors generated during roasting and thus, on the coffee distribution in the three categories. All these results define the "Bourbon Pointu" as a premium coffee and classify it as a "specialty coffee."
Djossou, Olga Noudehouenou. "Mycoflore post-récolte du café robusta et utilisation des bactéries lactiques pour le contrôle des moisissures mycotoxinogènes et de l'ochratoxine A." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30039.
Full textOne of the objectives of this thesis was to describe the significant contamination of robusta coffee beans (Coffea canephora) by moulds during the post-harvest processing of coffee cherries in the dry process. The sampling strategy was to take samples for two consecutive years (2008 and 2009) from different areas of coffee production in Ivory Coast and on the other hand, from the same area but from coffee producers using different methods of drying of coffee beans. From 31 samples, 218 wild strains of fungi were isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media and identified. These filamentous fungi were as follows: black Aspergilli (52%); green Aspergilli (13%), Penicillium (10%), Mucor (16%), Fusarium (4%) and others (5%). The black Aspergilli were found to include Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus carbonarius representing 52% of the fungal population, with a proportion of 30% in 2008 and 70% in 2009 of the total fungal flora. This group was selected to study more about their mycotoxin production. Most strains grown on media and at specific incubation conditions, were capable of producing one or more kinds of mycotoxins. Analysis of mycotoxins from fungi isolated from less than a hundred robusta coffee showed that ochratoxin A (OTA) was not the only mycotoxin that may contaminate the robusta coffee in Ivory Coast. Indeed, several strains belonging to the species Aspergillus Nigri group had shown their ability to produce not only ochratoxin A but also aflatoxin. However, the species A. carbonarius remains as the most ochratoxigenic strain but it does not produce aflatoxin.In parallel to the isolation of fungi, 44 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were also isolated from fresh coffee cherries, harvested in Ivory Coast in 2009. The morphological, biochemical and growth characteristics were studied. Molecular identification of strains ranked them to be in the group of Lactobacillus plantarum sp. After a screening experiment, it was possible to select two strains of LAB with a significant effect of inhibiting fungal growth by producing mycotoxins. The two strains of Lactobacillus plantarum showed antifungal activity against strains of Aspergillus carbonarius which is highly ochratoxigenic. Therefore the prevention of mycotoxigenicity of robusta coffee, could be rised by inhibiting the growth of certain ochratoxigenic fungi. The results achieved in this thesis serve as a basis to continue the study on one hand with field trials to test the effectiveness of selected LAB on the other hand, look for active biomolecules against spore germination of contaminants especially the natural post-harvest coffee beans in Ivory Coast and fruits and vegetables in general
Cisse, Mohamed. "Immobilisation d’un système lactoperoxydase dans un enrobage de chitosane dans le but de prolonger la conservation des mangues." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSAM0012/document.
Full textThe mango export is limited by the rapid ripening and microbial growth on the fruit. This thesis proposes a new approach to safe and healthy using natural molecules to improve post-harvest conservation of mango and thus help preserve the health of consumers and improved the potential of international trade in certain exporting countries. This work shown that the immobilization of the lactoperoxidase in the chitosan film and applied as coating of mangoes could maintain the microbiological and physicochemical quality of fruits. Chitosan-coupling lactoperoxidase system extended the shelf life of mangoes for over two weeks without affecting their organoleptic quality.This work also helped to highlight the synergy between the lactoperoxidase and the concentration of chitosan. An optimum coating made from 1% chitosan allowed to fix the enzyme system and to maintain the mangoes in a good sanitary condition. The presence of iodine in the lactoperoxidase does not act significantly on the conservation of mangoes
Yaganza, Elian-Simplice. "Utilisation post-récolte de sels organiques et inorganiques pour lutter contre la pourriture molle de la pomme de terre : base physico-chimique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/23112/23112.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of 21 organic and inorganic salts to control Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Ecc) and Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Eca), two bacteria responsible for soft rot development in stored potato tubers. The results have shown that eleven salts (at 0.2 M) have completely inhibited the bacterial growth in vitro, among which sodium carbonate, sodium metabisulfite, trisodium phosphate, aluminum lactate, aluminum chloride, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium acetate, aluminum di-hydroxy-acetate, potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate were bactericidal. On potato tubers, only aluminum chloride, sodium metabisulfite and to a lesser extent sodium benzoate have markedly controlled the disease severity, during both curative and preventive applications. Based on the obtained results, it appears that the inhibitory effect of salts in vitro relates to the water ionization capacity (low pKa or low pKb) of their constituent ions, as well as their lipophilicity. However, the effect was dampened in vivo, presumably due to the buffering capacity of tuber tissue and Donnan effect which could lead to generation of less effective ionic species. It is likely that those salts effective in vivo exhibit other properties contributing to their effectiveness. Ultrastructural studies on Eca showed that aluminum chloride caused rupture of bacterial envelope, and cytoplasmic aggregation, which were not observed in the bacteria treated with sodium metabisulfite. These observations suggest that a part of the toxic effect of aluminum chloride originates from alterations of the bacterial envelope, whereas rapid bacterial death caused by sodium metabisulfite occurs intracellularly through interaction with biomolecules, facilitated by the diffusion of SO2. Finally, evaluation of the effect of salts on tuber quality revealed that tuber weight loss was generally higher with aluminum chloride and sodium metabisulfite treatments, while the organic salts, particularly sodium benzoate, increased sugar content of the tubers. It was concluded that aluminum chloride and sodium metabisulfite can be profitably used to fight potato storage soft rot.
Rodrigue, Jonathan. "Effets de l'application foliaire de silicate de potassium sur l'entreposage post-récolte, la pourriture grise et la valeur nutraceutique de la fraise (Fragaria ananassa Duch.)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24366/24366.pdf.
Full textHervieux, Viviane. "Stratégies de lutte contre la tache argentée de la pomme de terre, traitements fongicides de la semence et application post-récolte de sels organiques et inorganiques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0021/MQ55860.pdf.
Full textBournonville, Celine. "Identification de gènes candidats impliqués dans la régulation de la teneur en acide ascorbique chez la tomate : impacts sur le potentiel antioxydant et la qualité post-récolte du fruit." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0039/document.
Full textThe ascorbic acid (AsA) is an essential antioxidant in both plants and humans. Plant-derived AsA is the major source of vitamin C in the human diet. In addition to its effect on tomato nutritional value, increasing tomato AsA content would likely affect postharvest storage and resistance to pathogens of the fruit. While AsA metabolism is well characterized, the mechanisms involved in its regulation remain poorly understood. Recent studies in Arabidopsis leaves indicate that few regulatory proteins can regulate this pathway at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Still nothing equivalent has been described in fruits. In that aim, a forward genetic approach has been carried out to investigate the regulation of AsA in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. The screening of an EMS tomato mutant population in the miniature cultivar Micro-Tom for identifying mutant lines with AsA-enriched fruits was done. Among the 500 M2 mutant families screened, four mutant lines with higher AsA content ranging from 2.5 to 4 fold were selected. These mutant lines have been characterized for postharvest traits quality and showed promising results. A method based on NGS-mapping allowed the identification of the putative AsA-enriched related gene. Thus, the screening of EMS mutants led to original findings such as the discovery of new unexpected proteins regulating AsA in plants, and particularly in fruits. Our work confirms at the molecular level the direct interaction between light signaling component and the regulation of the AsA biosynthesis pathway
Ouhibi, Chayma. "Effets des rayonnements UV-C sur la réponse de la laitue romaine Lactuca sativa var Claudius aux contraintes biotoques et abiotiques." Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0333/document.
Full textApplied in high doses, UV-C radiations are harmful, while administered at low doses, these same radiations stimulate beneficial answers. This phenomenon is known as hormesis and the beneficial dose is qualified hormic. The application of low doses of UV-C on fruits and vegetables in post harvest enhances resistance against pathogens (Charles et al, 2008), improve their nutritional quality (Mercier et al, 2001) and their performance to grow (Siddiqui et al, 2011). This works were carried out on different species. In my thesis, we treated a single species of romaine lettuce var claudius after harvest with a non-harmful dose of UV-C (0.85kJ.m-2) and we evaluated its effect on resistance to Botrytis cinerea (BC87) and Sclerotinia minor (SM), in their nutritional value during storage and their responses to salt stress. The analysis of all the results obtained showed that the UV-C dose decreases the sensitivity of romaine lettuce to these two pathogens (Ouhibi et al. 2014a), improve nutritional value by increasing the content in phenolic compound, in ascorbic acid and acquire to plants from seeds pre-treated with UV-C greater potential for adaptation to salt stress (Ouhibi et al, 2014 b)
Etienne, Audrey. "Quels Processus Physiologiques Pilotent l'Acidité de la Banane Dessert (sp. Musa) en Pré et Post Récolte? Modélisation Ecophysiologique et Analyse Expérimentale de l'Effet du Génotype et des Conditions de Croissance du Fruit." Phd thesis, Université des Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985304.
Full textRaimbault, Astride-Kim. "Le brunissement interne de l’ananas (Ananas comosus. (L). M) induit par un traitement au froid en post-récolte : physiopathie, mise au point d’outils moléculaires, expression de gènes et activités enzymatiques impliquées dans le catabolisme protéique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1114.
Full textPineapple fruits (Ananas comosus. (L). M) require postharvest chilling treatment (PCT) in order to extend the postharvest fruit quality during shipping exportation. However PCT induces an injury known as blackheart (BH), or fruit browning, which is characterized by the appearance of brown spots in the flesh. This work has focused on the study of the development of BH physiopathy in the context of postharvest treatment in 4 pineapple varieties differing in their resistance to BH. Results showed that BH was associated with high membrane tolerance, low activity of polyphenol oxidase and absence of the related isoforms. Under chilling stress, the activities of both phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and ascorbate peroxidase were enhanced in the BH susceptible variety. Various genes involved in protein catabolism under abiotic stress were also studied. BH resistance was shown to be linked to the down-regulation of a major cystein protease and to the up-regulation of cystatin, the natural inhibitor of cystein protease. An aspartic acid protease, isolated and sequenced for the first time in pineapple, was also studied. Opposed to cystein protease, the expression and activity of the aspartic acid protease was directly related to BH resistance. Taken together, the results gathered by this work suggest that these genes could provide useful molecular markers for PCR variety screening in breeding programs aimed at improving pineapple BH resistance
Petit, Julie. "Etude structure/fonction d'une albumine entomotoxique de type A1b du pois chez le riz : application à la protection contre le ravageur des stocks Sitophilus oryzae." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20235.
Full textMuvunyi, Robert. "Induction de la résistance des carottes aux maladies post-récoltes par un traitement préentreposage au moyen des rayons ultraviolets (UV-C) : orientation des carottes au cours du traitement et nature de la résistance induite." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28934/28934.pdf.
Full textCherif, Sarra. "Variation de la qualité des dattes en fonction des conditions de conservation et des traitements post-récolte Effet de la température et de la durée de conservation sur la qualité des dattes ‘Deglet Nour’ Does hydratation of ‘Deglet Nour’ date palm fruits after harvest improve their organoleptic and nutritional characteristics? European Food Research and Technology." Thesis, Avignon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AVIG0726.
Full textThe production of dates is increasing every season, causing losses especially during post-harvest handling andmarketing. Post-harvest handling plays an important role in maintaining date palm. In order to preserve organolepticand nutritional quality of date palm fruits after harvest with improving their commercial value, storage experiments andpost-harvest treatments have been assayed.The effect of different storage conditions of temperature, time and modified atmosphere, as well as the effectof heat treatment of dates, on firmness, colour, sugars, organic acids, polyphenols and cell walls and compositions havebeen studied.‘Deglet Nour’ date palm fruits of two harvest seasons (2017 and 2018) as well as common date cultivars‘Arichti’, ‘Bouhattam’ and ‘Bser Hlou’ consumed at early maturity stage (Khalal stage), were stored at -18, 0, 2 and 4°C for 3, 6 and 9 months and at 2 °C for 30 and 60 days, respectively. Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (MIR) as a nontargetedmethod allowed to highlight a year effect on 'Deglet Nour’ chemical composition and to discriminate samplesstored at 4 and 2 °C regarding to major components (moisture, sugar, organic acids...). Cell wall yields (assimilated tofiber) as well as procyanidins, accounting for 98% of total polyphenols, were stable during ‘Deglet Nour’ and ‘Arichti’cultivars storage regardless of temperature and time conditions. However, these same components were the mostaffected by storage conditions for ‘Bouhattam’ and ‘Bser Hlou’ cultivar. This latter, was the softest cultivar and themost appreciated by consumers, may be because of reducing sugars increase affecting its sweet taste. Thus, stored fruitsat -18 °C could be the solution for a long-term storage but due to its high energetic costs, 2 °C must be the optimaltemperature. Moreover, in order to valorize common dates palm and prolong their shelf life, storage time could beprolonged for ‘Arichti’ cultivar with temperature storage ptimization for ‘Bser Hlou’ and ‘Bouhattam’ cultivars.Date palm fruits mentioned above, were also stored under Modified Atmosphere packaging (MAP) at 2°Cduring 3, 6 and 9 months for ‘Deglet Nour’ and during 30 and 60 days for commons cultivars (‘Arichti’, ‘Bouhattam’and ‘Bser Hlou’). In general, differences were observed on physical and chemical parameters using different MAPstreatments for ‘Deglet Nour’date palm fruits. Dates became darke with MAPT and MAPA storage. Dates palm storedunder this latter MAP bag showed an increase on procyanidins, some cell walls compositions, fructose and citric acid.Firmness loss of this cultivar was delayed with MAPZ storage with polyphenols stability. This latter bag type conservedfirmness and colour of the three studied cultivars (‘Arichti’, ‘Bouhattam’ and ‘Bser Hlou’) were stabe with no differencecomparing to control (without MAP). Organic acids, cell walls yield and composition, polyphenols were also stableduring storage. Only sugars contents of every cultivars had different behaviour.These results showed that MAP bags had very lower benefical effects than storage time and temperature on ‘date palmquality. So, their use in date processing industries could have more costs with no apparent effects.The organoleptic and nutritional quality of ‘Deglet Nour’ date palm was also evaluated before and afterhydration treatment commonly used in date prcessing units (DPU), in order to become more commercially valued andto minimize waste generated along the date palm fruit supply chain. Hydration treatment under saturated steam at 60-62°C for 4 hours impoved date fruits texture as expected while nutritional parameters were quite stable. Mid InfraredSpectroscopy (MIR) allowed to discriminate samples from the three DPUs suggesting to be adopted in DPU as a newpredictive and no destructive technique. So, hydration treatment could be highly recommended to valorize fruit byproducts.However, it needs to be optimized for the very hard-type dates
انتاج التمور في ارتفاع مستمر من موسم الى اخر مما يجعل مراكزالفرز و التخزين تتخلص من كميات هائلة من التمور المتضررة أثناءعمليات الفرز والتسويق. هذه العمليات تلعب دورا هاما في الحفاظ على جودة التمور. ومن أجل الحفاظ على الجودة الغذائية للتمور بعد الجنيمع تحسين قيمتها التسويقية، تم القيلم بتجارب التخزين وبعض معالجات ما بعد الجني.وقد تم دراسة تأثير ظروف التخزين المختلفة من درجة الحرارة، مدة الخزن وتقنية الجو الهوائي المعدل، وكذلك تأثير معالجة التمور الجافةعلى الصلابة، اللون، السكريات، الأحماض العضوية، البوليفينول وجدران الخلايا النباتية (الالياف) ومكوناتها.تم تخزين تمور ’ دقلة النور’ لصابة 2017 و 2018 والأصناف الأخرى من التمور الأقل انتشارا مثل ’ الارشتي’، ’ بو حتم’، ’ بسر حلو’18 درجة مائوية وفي 2 درجة مائوية لمدة - ,0 ,2 , التي تستهلك في مرحلة متقدمة من النضج (خلال)، لمدة ثلاثة، ستة وتسعة أشهر في 430 و 60 على التوالي. اثبت التحليل الطيفي بالأشعة تحت الحمراء الوسطى ان سنة الجني لها تاثير على العناصر الكيميلئية للتمور’ دقلةالنور’ وقامت بتمييز التمور المخزنة في 2 و 4 درجة مائوية بالنسبة لاهم مكوناتها (الماء، السكريات، الأحماض العضوية...). اثبت النتائجان جدران الخلايا النباتية (الالياف) وان أكبر مكونات البوليفينول (بروسيانيدين) كانت مستقرة اثناء تخزين تمور’ دقلة النور’ و ’ الارشتي’،بغض النظر عن درجة حرارة ومدة التخزين. نفس هذه العناصر كانت الأكثر تاثرا بعوامل التخزين بالنسبة لاصناف’ بو حتم’ و ’ بسرحلو’. هذا الصنف الأخير كان الأكثر ليونة مع تغير بنية جدران الخلايا على الرغم من انه أكثر صنف قابلية لدى المستهلك، من الممكنبسبب ارتفاع كمية السكريلت السريعة التي اثرت على مذاقه الحلو.فبحيث ان تخزين التمور ’ دقلة النور’ في - 18 درجة مائوية من الممكن ان يكون أحسن حل على مدى طويل، لكن نظرا لتكاليفة الطاقيةالباهضة، تخزين التمور في 2 درجة مائوية يجب ان يكون أفضل حل. بصفة عامة لم يكن هناك خسائر هامة للقيمة الغذائية بالنسبة لاصنافالتمور الاخرى اثناء التخزين، مما يجعل التمديد في مدة التخزين ممكنا بالنسبة اصنف’ الارشتي’ مع البحث عن درجة حرارة تخزين ناجعةالصنف ’ بسر حلو’ و’ بو حتم’.تم ايضا تخزين انواع التمور المذكورة اعلاه بتقنية الجو الهوائي المعدل في 2 درجة مائوية لمدة ثلاثة، ستة وتسعة أشهربالنسبة ’ لدقلةالنور’ ولمدة 30 و 60 يوم بالنسبة للاصناف الأخرى. بصفة عامة هناك اختلافات في العناصر الفيزيلئية والكيميلئية ’ لدقلة النور' المخزنةفي كل أنواع تقنيات الجو الهوائي. ' دقلة النور' المخزنة في أكياس ترندلايف و ايباك. أصبحت داكنة الون.دقلة النور المخزنة في أكياس ' سجلت ارتفاعا في مكونات جدران الخلايل, بروسيانيدين, الفروكتوز و حامض السيتريك. تخزين' دقلة النور'في أكياس زويباك اخرت في ليونتها مع استقرار في البوليفينول. هذه النتائج اثبتت ان تخزين التمور في اكياس الجو الهوائي المعدل لم تكنذو نجاعة عالية مقارنة بعوامل الحرارة والمدة الزمنية.لون وصلابة التمور من اصناف ’ الارشتي’، ’ بو حتم’، ’ بسر حلو’ اثبتت استقرارها بعد تخزينها في أكياس زويباك, لكن بعدم ايجاد فرقمقارنة بالتمور المخزنة بدون اكياس الجو الهوائي المعدل, مثلها مثل بقية العناصر الفيزيلئية والكيميلئي بصفة عامة. هذا يثبت ان استعمالهافي مصانع تخزين التمور ليس له جدوى اقتصادية واضحة.تم دراسة مدى تاثر القيمة الغذائية لتمور ’ دقلة النور’ الجافة على إثر معالجتها وترطيبها بالطريقة الهعتدة في اغلب مصانع تخزين التمور62 درجة مائوية لمدة 4 ساعات - لتكون ذات قيمة تسويقية عالية ولتقليص كمية الخسائر. تقنية ترطيب التمور على طريقة البخار في 60اثبتت نتائج ناجعة كما كان متوقع مع المحافضة على استقرار المكونات الغذائية. طريقة معالجة التمور بترطيبها هي طريقة متصوح بهالكنها غير ناجة للتمور الأكثر جفافا التي تحتاج تطوير في هذه التقنية
Medoua, Nama Gabriel. "POTENTIELS NUTRITIONNEL ET TECHNOLOGIQUE DES TUBERCULES DURCIS DE L'IGNAME Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) pax : ETUDE DU DURCISSEMENT POST -RECOLTE ET DES CONDITIONS DE TRANSFORMATION DES TUBERCULES DURCIS EN FARINE." Phd thesis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011268.
Full textnutriments et d'énergie. Stockés dans les conditions qui prévalent en milieu tropical, ils
subissent un phénomène de durcissement caractérisé par la perte de l'aptitude à ramollir pendant la cuisson. Ce travail a été réalisé dans le but de déterminer les mécanismes de durcissement post-récolte des tubercules, d'évaluer les modifications physico-chimiques au cours du stockage et de rechercher les conditions de pré-traitement des tubercules durcis en vue de leur transformation en une farine utilisable dans des formulations alimentaires. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que le durcissement des tubercules de D. dumetorum s'effectue suivant un mécanisme multiple qui inclut l'hydrolyse du phytate comme contributeur minimal de la difficulté-à-cuire et la perte en polyphénols totaux via le mécanisme de lignification comme contributeur majoritaire. Ce durcissement a été dissocié en deux composantes, réversible et irréversible, qui ont été respectivement associées au phytate et aux polyphénols totaux. La modélisation du phénomène de durcissement a montré que la vitesse de la réaction du durcissement irréversible est plus dépendante de la température et de l'humidité relative que celle du durcissement réversible. Le stockage des tubercules de D. dumetorum dans les conditions qui prévalent en milieu tropical (19-28°C, HR 60-85%), a entraîné une diminution significative (P ´ 0,05) des facteurs
antinutritionnels (polyphénols totaux, tannins, phytate, oxalates, inhibiteurs de trypsine et d'Α-amylase) et une augmentation des propriétés fonctionnelles des farines (capacité
d'absorption d'eau, indice de solubilité à l'eau, capacité d'absorption d'huile, indice
hydrophile-lipophile, plus petite concentration gélifiante, capacité de gonflement de la
pâte), exception faite sur la densité de la pâte. La variation des différents paramètres
évalués s'est effectué en deux principales phases, entre les jours 2 et 21 puis entre les jours 28 et 56. La germination des tubercules ayant été enregistrée après 28 jours de stockage, il a été suggéré que le durcissement post-récolte et la germination influencent les paramètres physico-chimiques des tubercules. Si le trempage préalable des tubercules durcis de D. dumetorum dans des solutions de NaCl ou de kanwa a permis une augmentation significative du taux de ramollissement du tubercule pendant la cuisson, il ne permet pas de surmonter totalement le durcissement des tubercules. Le pré-traitement au kanwa a entraîné une variation significative (P ´ 0,05) des propriétés fonctionnelles des farines de D. dumetorum ainsi qu'une amélioration de la qualité des protéines et de la biodisponibilité in vitro des sucres. Le rouissage naturel des tubercules durcis comme méthode de prétraitement quant à lui a permis d'obtenir un ramollissement total des tubercules après 7 jours de fermentation naturelle et une réduction significative (P ´ 0,05) des facteurs antinutritionnels. Seule la lignine n'a pas été affectée par la fermentation des tubercules. Les propriétés fonctionnelles des farines ont été significativement affectées par la fermentation des tubercules. De plus, la fermentation a entraîné une augmentation significative (P ´ 0,05) de la teneur en protéine, de la qualité des protéines et de la biodisponibilité in vitro des sucres. L'étude de la gélatinisation a montré que la température de gélatinisation des farines de D. dumetorum est comprise entre 70 et 75°C. La gélatinisation des tranches d'igname suit une cinétique d'ordre 1 de la forme générale ln(1 - Α) = kG.t. La constante de vitesse de gélatinisation (kG) diminue avec la baisse de la température de cuisson et l'augmentation du temps de stockage des tubercules. La fermentation et le traitement au kanwa ont présenté une influence significative sur la vitesse de gélatinisation des tubercules durcis de D. dumetorum. La substitution partielle de la farine de blé par les farines d'ignames-durcies ont montré sur la base des analyses multivariés (ACH et ACP) que le blé et les farines composées blé/igname-durcie traitée au kanwa à tous les taux de substitution utilisé dans cette étude, constituent le même groupe. Les farines composées blé/igname-durcie pourraient être utilisées comme ingrédient de base dans la formulation des bouillies infantiles.
Camara, Aïssata. "Lutte contre Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) et Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) dans les stocks de riz par la technique d'étuvage traditionnelle pratiquée en Basse-Guinée et l'utilisation des huiles essentielles végétales." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1987/1/D1784.pdf.
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