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1
Hammouda, Hakim Ben. Post-adjustment theories: A few research trails for African economies. Dakar, Senegal: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, 2000.
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Lessons amid the rubble: An introduction to post-disaster engineering and ethics. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.
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Haldimann, Matthias, Andreas Luible, and Mauro Overend. Structural use of Glass. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed010.
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<p>Recent architectural trends and technological developments have brought about unprecedented opportunities and exciting changes in the use of glass in buildings. <p>Structural engineers currently have a bewildering array of glass products and configurations to choose from and a wide range of normal and exceptional loading conditions to consider, but very few unified reference texts for undertaking these tasks. This book attempts to redress this issue by providing an overview of the recent developments in this field thereby providing a basis for the understanding of the structural performance and design of glass in buildings. <p>Each chapter draws on the latest developments in practice and research and contains contributions from various international glass experts. The mix of general and specialist content ranging from rules of thumb to fracture mechanics and novel applications to post-breakage performance make this book useful to practitioners and researchers. Furthermore, the text is supplemented by tables of the major codes of practice and by an extensive list of references. <p>The book is primarily for structural engineers and researchers who have an interest in structural glass. It will be used by senior undergraduates, post-graduate students, researchers and practicing engineers.
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Alexander, David, Colin Henry Davidson, Andrew Fox, Cassidy Johnson, and Gonzalo Lizzaralde, eds. Post-Disaster Reconstruction: Meeting Stakeholder Interests. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-611-2.
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This book collects together 46 papers presented at the Third Biennial Conference of i-Rec, International Group for the Diffusion of Research and Information on Post-Disaster Reconstruction. The various sections of the book cover the technical and administrative aspects of housing and other buildings after disaster. The approach to post-disaster shelter and reconstruction exemplified by this volume is fully interdisciplinary. A very wide range of perspectives is covered, including the disciplines and sub-disciplines of seismic and structural engineering, architecture, applied geography and geology, environmental psychology, paediatrics, development studies, economics, medicine and public health, management studies and political science. The volume is also intended to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the floods that severely damaged Florence in 1966 and did terrible damage to priceless art treasures.
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Gaast, Koen, Machiel Keestra, Laura Koenders, Steph Menken, and Ger Post. Chapters on Interdisciplinary Research and Research Skills. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728256.
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This book is a special edition, compiled for to the MSc Course Research Methodologies as taught at the Faculty of Aerospace Engineering at Delft University of Technology. It is a compilation of useful chapters from several sources on how to structure, set up, carry out and write up your (thesis) research to aid you in writing your research plan. Next to that it acts as a companion during your thesis research. After introducing you to the philosophy of scientific research, subsequent chapters each contribute to the different phases of your research. The book uniquely allows for the often multi- or interdisciplinary research many of you carry out, based on the established Dutch university tradition of (semi-)independent student research, creating a thread through the process for you to follow. This edition is a collection of chapters from An Introduction to Interdisciplinary Research (2016), edited by Steph Menken and Machiel Keestra, and Academic Skills for Interdisciplinary Studies. Revised edition (2019), by Koen van der Gaast, Laura Koenders and Ger Post, published by Amsterdam University Press.
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Leonovich, Sergey, Evgeniy Shalyy, Elena Polonina, Elena Sadovskaya, Lev Kim, and Valentin Dorkin. Durability of port reinforced concrete structures (Far East and Sakhalin). ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1816638.
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Section I of the monograph is devoted to an urgent problem - forecasting the durability of port reinforced concrete structures, the destruction of which is associated with corrosion of steel reinforcement caused by chloride aggression and carbonation of concrete. The analysis of models for calculating the service life of structures and experimental data is carried out, the life cycles for the main degradation processes in concrete and reinforcement, the periods of initiation and propagation of corrosion are considered, the influence of environmental factors (temperature, humidity) and the quality of concrete (In/C, cement consumption, diffusion coefficient) on the kinetics of chloride penetration and the movement of the carbonation front is taken into account. Probabilistic models of basic variables are considered, the limiting states of port reinforced concrete structures for the durability of reinforced concrete structures based on the reliability coefficient for service life are formulated.
Sections II and III describe modern methods of restoration and restoration of reinforced concrete port structures subjected to corrosion destruction using nanofibrobeton. The concept of multilevel reinforcement has been implemented. Methods of experimental fracture mechanics were used to evaluate the joint work of exploited concrete and reinforcement nanofibre concrete.
It is intended for scientific and engineering staff of universities, research and design organizations.
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McCambley, Maurice. To research and design an organisation structure and business strategy for Lisburn College asa free-standing corporate body post 1997. [s.l: The Author], 1996.
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Bing gou jiao yi te zheng, gu quan jie gou yu shi chang ji xiao yan jiu: Ji yu hou gu quan fen zhi shi dai shang shi gong si de jing yan shu ju = Research on M&A transactional characters, ownership structure and market performance : evidence from listed companies in the post share-splitting reform era. Beijing Shi: Jing ji ke xue chu ban she, 2011.
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9
Newman, Jennifer, and Charles R. Marmar. Executive Function in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0015.
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This chapter discusses the role of executive function in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is far from fully understood. Deficits are subtle and findings are often inconsistent. Impairments have been related to worsening of psychological symptoms, functioning, and quality of life. They can also negatively impact treatment. Functional imaging shows that neurocognitive deficits in PTSD may be related to an imbalance in brain connectivity, where emotion processing is enhanced and control is reduced. Structural findings show abnormalities in brain regions involved in higher-level functions. However, findings are often discrepant. Factors related to these inconclusive results are considered, including developmental course, premorbid functioning, and comorbidities such as traumatic brain injury, depression, substance use, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, health behaviors, and medical concerns. Treatment implications, limitations of this work, and future directions are presented. The aim of future research is to advance scientific understanding of PTSD, neurocognitive impairments, and related conditions, with the goal of improving outcomes for those who encounter trauma.
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Westfall, Nils C., and Charles B. Nemeroff. Child Abuse and Neglect as Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0025.
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Child abuse and neglect confer substantially increased risks of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for the victims and possibly even their offspring. Furthermore, they are associated with more severe and treatment-resistant PTSD and common comorbid conditions, such as major depressive disorder. This chapter begins by discussing the epidemiology of child abuse, neglect, and maltreatment-associated PTSD to provide a sense of the nature and scope of these major public health problems, then describes the major ways in which child abuse and neglect may contribute to increased liability to PTSD: maltreatment, victim, and environmental factors; neurobiological changes, including neuroendocrine, neurotransmitter system, structural and functional neuroimaging, inflammatory, and epigenetic changes; interactions with risk gene alleles; and cognitive, psychological, and behavioral changes. A discussion of the implications of this knowledge for future research and the development of new treatments for child maltreatment–associated PTSD follows.
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V, Dr Vasugi, and Dr Helen Santhi M. International Virtual Conference on Emerging Research Trends in Structural Engineering (ERTSE 2022). Royal Book Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/royal.114.
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Civil and Structural Engineers are the builders of a nation. They always have played a significant role in providing the infrastructure required for the society. Ever increasing population, rapid urbanization and industrialization, global warming and climate change, increasing incidents of natural and manmade hazards and environmental degradation have become major concerns of the society today and these concerns pose several challenges to the Civil and Structural Engineers. There has been a noticeable change in the environment within which civil and structural engineers carry out their work. There is a growing concern on the adverse consequences of the development activities.There is a need for Civil and Structural Engineers to rise up to face these challenges and contribute to the development and betterment of the nation in all core areas. A multitude of threats confront us in our effort to achieve the same. Civil and Structural engineers have always been looking for innovative tools and techniques for solving the challenging problems that they face during planning, analysis, design and construction of structures. It is in this context that the School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai has come out with the proposal of organizing an International Virtual Conference on Emerging Research Trends in Structural Engineering (ERTSE 2022) for the second time. This conference is aimed to provide a forum to all Civil and Structural Engineers to deliberate on the emerging research trends and techniques that are needed to face the challenge in the fields of Structural Engineering.
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Brinkmann, Svend. French Philosophies of Qualitative Research. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190247249.003.0006.
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This chapter focuses on the French traditions of structuralism and post-structuralism. What unites structuralists, post-structuralists, and many qualitative scholars who work on the basis of post-structuralism is a detachment of meaning from the world. Saussure argued that meaning is not found in the references of language but, rather, internally in language as a structure. Once meaning lost its ties to the world as such, the road was open for postmodernists and others who study discourses, representations, and social constructions as symbolic spheres in their own right. With the deconstructionist approach, there is a further willingness to unsettle the signifiers and show how everything can in principle be otherwise. In other words, everything obvious is always already rendered dubious. The postmodern attitude is a stance of openness to and tolerance of the idea that there are no stable foundations—no secure ways that our understandings are hooked on to the world.
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Small, Will, and Ryan McNeil. Understanding the Risk Environment Surrounding Drug Use in Prisons. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374847.003.0011.
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Qualitative research is uniquely positioned to advance understanding of the role of social and structural factors in shaping drug use and drug-related harms in prison settings and following release. This chapter critically reviews the qualitative literature examining drug use within the prison risk environment and following release, while identifying research gaps and directions for future inquiry. The extant literature has documented: (1) how drug use in prisons is shaped by which drugs are available, their pharmacological effects, and correctional policies; (2) how injection-related risk and syringe sharing are shaped by social and structural forces within prisons (including policies restricting syringe access) which increase the potential for drug-related harm; (3) how withdrawal and detoxification experiences in custody both foster participation in high-risk injecting practices (eg, syringe-sharing) and facilitate injection cessation and drug abstinence; (4) how inmates and staff view prison-based methadone maintenance therapy, the experiences of those receiving treatment, and barriers to scaling up methadone programs; and, (5) how transitions from prison to community shape health access, harms, and drug use patterns. By documenting prisoners’ drug-related experiences, and situating these experiences within their social, structural, and environmental contexts, these studies have generated insights beyond what is possible using other research approaches. In doing so, they have identified features of prison and post-release risk environments amenable to modification. There is an urgent need to scale up qualitative studies of prison and post-release risk environments, to better inform targeted public health interventions. Emerging interventions, including prison-based syringe exchange, should similarly be examined using qualitative approaches to more fully document their potential impacts on drug-related risks and harms.
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Alonso, Paul. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636500.003.0001.
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Chapter 1 introduces contemporary satiric TV shows as new forms of negotiated dissent that respond, at the national and global level, to the relation between power and media, the evolution of media spectacle and infotainment as a primary form of political communication, and the connection between national traumas, social tensions, and popular culture. After formulating the structural research questions, this chapter presents the theoretical and academic context of satire in Latin America and the United States, and describes the satiric cases to be analyzed throughout the book. It places the phenomenon of satiric TV as sociopolitical communication within the following intellectual debates and lines of work in media studies and popular culture: 1) media spectacle and global infotainment; 2) celebrity culture and identity; 3) tabloidization, hybridity, and discursive integration in the post-network era; and 4) satire, carnival, and critical metatainment. It finally presents the structure of the book.
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Hayashi, Daichi, Ali Guermazi, and Frank W. Roemer. Radiography and computed tomography imaging of osteoarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0016.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disorder in the elderly worldwide and there is still no effective treatment, other than joint arthroplasty for end-stage OA, despite ongoing research efforts. Imaging is essential for assessing structural joint damage and disease progression. Radiography is the most widely used first-line imaging modality for structural OA evaluation. Its inherent limitations should be noted including lack of ability to directly visualize most OA-related pathological features in and around the joint, lack of sensitivity to longitudinal change and missing specificity of joint space narrowing, and technical difficulties regarding reproducibility of positioning of the joints in longitudinal studies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely applied in epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Computed tomography (CT) is an important additional tool that offers insight into high-resolution bony anatomical details and allows three-dimensional post-processing of imaging data, which is of particular importance for orthopaedic surgery planning. However, its major disadvantage is limitations in the assessment of soft tissue structures compared to MRI. CT arthrography can be useful in evaluation of focal cartilage defects or meniscal tears; however, its applicability may be limited due to its invasive nature. This chapter describes the roles and limitations of both conventional radiography and CT, including CT arthrography, in clinical practice and OA research. The emphasis is on OA of the knee, but other joints are also mentioned where appropriate.
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Widmaier, Wesley W. International Organizations and Economic Governance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.237.
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Global economic governance refers to efforts to organize, structure, and regulate economic interactions. In substantive terms, economic governance deals with a host of policy challenges, including the definition of basic property rights, efforts at monetary and fiscal cooperation, ando concerns for the “macroprudential regulation” of financial markets. The Global Financial Crisis has demonstrated not only the importance of macroeconomic and regulatory cooperation, but also the role of crises in redefining the purposes of economic governance itself. Debates in the fields of international relations (IR) and international political economy (IPE) over global economic governance have revolved around strategic interactions, social psychological forces, and the post-crisis emergence of new agents and international organizations. In applied IPE settings, these debates more explicitly pertain to the systemic importance of hegemonic power, multilateral interactions, or intersubjective interpretations. These views intersect with neorealist, neoliberal, and constructivist assumptions regarding systemic interactions. Over the 1990s, IR and IPE scholars would increasingly seek to move beyond both the structural materialism associated with hegemonic stability theory and the structural idealism associated with “first-generation” Wendtian constructivism. Future research should focus on broader questions of whether the Global Financial Crisis will spark renewed theoretical creativity and contribute to an enhanced policy relevance, or whether IR and IPE will continue to work to mask the role of power in limiting such possibilities.
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Lee, Jocelyn R. Smith. Healing From Inner-City Violence. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190260637.003.0045.
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This chapter examines how young people, disproportionately black and Hispanic, in America’s economically disadvantaged, urban contexts are using the third decade of life to heal and succeed. Guided by life course, ecological, and trauma-informed frameworks, we present a multidisciplinary review of the literature describing post-traumatic growth, resilience, and healing with a focus on trauma-informed research and practice positioning youth impacted by inner-city violence to recover and flourish during emerging adulthood. In order to best appreciate the strivings of young people to heal in contexts of chronic risk, we situate this discussion in the nature, root causes, and consequences of violence (both structural and interpersonal) in urban America. We conclude with suggestions for future research to advance our understandings of how emerging adults in the inner city are working to heal from violent exposure and the implications of this task for the transition to adulthood.
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Otani, Jun, Yoshiaki Kikuchi, Makoto Kimura, and Yoshiyuki Morikawa. Advances in Deep Foundations: International Workshop on Recent Advances of Deep Foundations 1-2 February 2007, Port and Airport Research Institute, Yokosuka, Japan. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
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Otani, Jun, Yoshiaki Kikuchi, Makoto Kimura, and Yoshiyuki Morikawa. Advances in Deep Foundations: International Workshop on Recent Advances of Deep Foundations 1-2 February 2007, Port and Airport Research Institute, Yokosuka, Japan. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
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Otani, Jun, Yoshiaki Kikuchi, Makoto Kimura, and Yoshiyuki Morikawa. Advances in Deep Foundations: International Workshop on Recent Advances of Deep Foundations 1-2 February 2007, Port and Airport Research Institute, Yokosuka, Japan. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
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Otani, Jun, Yoshiaki Kikuchi, Makoto Kimura, and Yoshiyuki Morikawa. Advances in Deep Foundations: International Workshop on Recent Advances of Deep Foundations 1-2 February 2007, Port and Airport Research Institute, Yokosuka, Japan. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
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Otani, Jun, Yoshiaki Kikuchi, Makoto Kimura, and Yoshiyuki Morikawa. Advances in Deep Foundations: International Workshop on Recent Advances of Deep Foundations 1-2 February 2007, Port and Airport Research Institute, Yokosuka, Japan. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
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(Editor), Yoshiaki Kikuchi, Jun Otani (Editor), Makota Kimura (Editor), and Yoshiyuki Morikawa (Editor), eds. Advances in Deep Foundations: International Workshop on Recent Advances of Deep Foundations (IWDPF07) 1-2 February 2007, Port and Airport Research Institute, Yokosuka, Japan. Taylor & Francis, 2007.
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Quitangon, Gertie. Veterans. Edited by Hunter L. McQuistion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190610999.003.0026.
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The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has the largest nationally integrated, publicly funded health care system in the country, providing care to approximately 8 million military veterans. It is a training ground for a majority of medical, nursing, and allied health professionals in the United States and has a record of more than 90 years of health care research and innovation. Mental health care for veterans has evolved considerably from World War I to the post-9/11 era, and lessons learned from veterans of Vietnam and more recent wars have been informing changes in practices and procedures. Improvement of mental health care has been a VA institutional priority, and the VA has led in the implementation of integrated care and recovery-oriented services. It is a pioneer in post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury research. This chapter introduces the VA structures and programs developed to enhance access to services and delivery of evidence-based best practices.
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Hajiyev, Khanlar, ed. The Political System of Modern Russia. LCC MAKS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2614.978-5-317-06756-4.
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The monograph is devoted to a complex research of the political system of modern Russia, its institutional structure and the specifics of the political process. In the work special attention is paid to the analysis of internal determinants of the functioning and development of the Russian political system, as well as external challenges and risks. The book is intended for political scientists, lecturers, post-graduate students and students of humanities faculties, for everyone who is interested in this issue.
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Puranam, Phanish. The Microstructure of Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672363.001.0001.
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This book synthesizes a decade of research by the author into fundamental issues in organization design. The result is a novel micro-structural perspective on organizations, which aims to both expand and narrow current thinking. The new perspective takes an expansive view on the kinds of phenomena that can be studied in terms of organization design- such as cross–functional teams, strategic partnerships, buyer-supplier relations, alliance networks, mega-projects, post-merger integration, business groups, open source communities, and crowdsourcing, besides traditional concerns with bureaucratic organizations. At the same time, this approach narrows focus by abstracting away from the variety and complexity of organizations to a few fundamental and universal problems of organizing (that relate to how they aggregate their members’ efforts), as well as a few reusable building blocks microstructures (which capture common patterns of interaction between members of an organization). The microstructural approach to organizations will be of interest to researchers and PhD students in management, organization science, and strategy
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Kiroshi, Mannari, Jōchi Daigaku. Kokusai Kankei Kenkyūjo., and Kokusai Kirisutokyō Daigaku. Social Science Research Institute., eds. Power shifts and value changes in the post cold war world: Proceedings (selected papers) of the joint symposium of the International Sociological Association's research committees: comparative sociology and sociology of organizations. Okayama, Japan: Kibi International University, 1992.
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Horne, Cynthia M. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793328.003.0001.
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The Introduction reviews the basic relationships postulated between transitional justice measures and democratization, state building, and societal reconciliation, situating the post-communist experience within the larger comparative politics debates. The chapter presents a summary of the main theoretical argument, focusing on the differentiated and conditional effects of regional transitional justice measures on political and social trust building and democratization. The chapter explicates the use of mixed research methods employed in the project in order to demonstrate how the research design corrects for some of the current methodological limitations of the impact assessment literature to date. The chapter concludes with a preview of the main findings, and an overview of the structure of the project.
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Rajaram, Suparna. Collaborative Inhibition in Group Recall: Cognitive Principles and Implications. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737865.003.0004.
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Collaborative inhibition in recall is a counterintuitive yet widely replicated phenomenon observed in experimental research on memory. Collaborative inhibition refers to the finding where the joint recall of an interacting group is significantly lower than the sum of the nonredundant items that a “nominal group,” or an equal number of individuals working alone, recall. This chapter provides a selective review of the published findings on this phenomenon from laboratory research. The goal is to familiarize the reader with evidence from our work and those of other groups to characterize the nature of the collaborative inhibition effect, to identify the conditions where this effect reduces, disappears, or even reverses, to explore its occurrence across different group structures, and to describe its post-collaborative consequences on memory.
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Lindenmayer, David, David Blair, Lachlan McBurney, and Sam Banks. Mountain Ash. CSIRO Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486304981.
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Mountain Ash draws together exciting new findings on the effects of fire and on post-fire ecological dynamics following the 2009 wildfires in the Mountain Ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria. The book integrates data on forests, carbon, fire dynamics and other factors, building on 6 years of high-quality, multi-faceted research coupled with 25 years of pre-fire insights.
Topics include: the unexpected effects of fires of varying severity on populations of large old trees and their implications for the dynamics of forest ecosystems; relationships between forest structure, condition and age and their impacts on fire severity; relationships between logging and fire severity; the unexpectedly low level of carbon stock losses from burned forests, including those burned at very high severity; impacts of fire at the site and landscape levels on arboreal marsupials; persistence of small mammals and birds on burned sites, including areas subject to high-severity fire, and its implications for understanding how species in this group exhibit post-fire recovery patterns.
With spectacular images of the post-fire environment, Mountain Ash will be an important reference for scientists and students with interests in biodiversity, forests and fire.
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Fuß, Eric. Introduction to Part III. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813545.003.0011.
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This chapter provides an overview of Part III, which deals with various aspects pertaining to the right sentence periphery in historical stages of German. It outlines a set of issues that figure prominently in relevant current research, including the theoretical analysis of linguistic variation, the impact of information structure on word order (OV versus VO, in particular), and the historical development of verb clusters. In addition, the chapter includes brief summaries of the individual contributions, which focus on word order variation in the lower/right-most part of the middle field (and the post field), and properties of the so-called verbal complex located in the right sentence bracket.
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Simpson, Julian M. Migrant Architects of the NHS. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781784991302.001.0001.
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The NHS is traditionally viewed as a typically British institution; a symbol of national identity. It has however always been dependent on a migrant workforce whose role has until recently received little attention from historians. Migrant Architects draws on 45 oral history interviews (40 with South Asian GPs who worked through this period) and extensive archival research to offer a radical reappraisal of how the National Health Service was made. This book is the first history of the first generation of South Asian doctors who became GPs in the National Health Service. Their story is key to understanding the post-war history of British general practice and therefore the development of a British healthcare system where GPs play essential roles in controlling access to hospitals and providing care in community settings. Imperial legacies, professional discrimination and an exodus of British-trained doctors combined to direct a large proportion of migrant doctors towards work as GPs in industrial areas. In some parts of Britain they made up more than half of the GP workforce. This book documents the structural dependency of British general practice on South Asian doctors. It also focuses on the agency of migrant practitioners and their transformative roles in British society and medicine.
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Vincent, Laura, and Carl Waldmann. Rehabilitation from critical illness after hospital discharge. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0386.
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The majority of patients admitted to intensive care units survive to hospital discharge, but then face a long and challenging functional recovery, due to the physical and psychological sequelae of their critical illness. There is associated physical, emotional, and financial strain on families and care-givers, in addition to the ongoing impact on patients themselves. The optimization of post-ICU morbidity and ‘health-related quality of life’ have thus become key components of the critical care treatment pathway. Structured exercise rehabilitation programmes, tailored to the specific needs of individual patients can enhance the long-term recovery from critical illness, but the practical implementation of such programmes remains inconsistent and non-standardized. Validated screening and assessment tools are being developed to identify those patients who would benefit from post-ICU rehabilitation programmes, target the specific needs of individuals and monitor the response to treatment. Ongoing research aims to determine the features of a successful post-ICU rehabilitation programme, with respect to the location and supervision of the regime, and the actual content of the intervention. Rehabilitation commenced as soon as possible after hospital discharge is likely to be most effective, but further evidence is required to identify the timing of treatment that would achieve the optimal therapeutic impact. The National Institute of Clinical Excellence have issued a post-ICU rehabilitation guideline. As well as providing a framework for implementation of such a programme, this further endorses the understanding that exercise rehabilitation can no longer be considered an afterthought and should be fully incorporated into the critical care treatment pathway.
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Poroikov, Vladimir, and Roman Efremov, eds. PROCEEDINGS BOOK OF THE XXVIII SYMPOSIUM "BIOINFORMATICS AND COMPUTER-AIDED DRUG DISCOVERY", MOSCOW, 2022. Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/bcadd2022.
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The materials of the XXVIII Symposium "Bioinformatics and Computer-Aided Drug Discovery" are presented. This Symposium is dedicated to the emerging challenges and opportunities for in silico drug discovery.The Symposium's main topics: development and practical application of computational methods for finding and validation of new pharmacological targets, in silico design of potent and safe pharmaceutical agents, optimization of the structure and properties of drug-like compounds, rational approaches to the utilization of pharmacotherapeutic remedies in medical practice. This information will be useful for researchers whose investigations are dedicated to creating computational methods and their application to drug research and development using bio- and chemoinformatics methods based on post-genomic technologies. It can also be useful for undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate students specializing in the relevant fields.
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Robinson, Marin S., Fredricka L. Stoller, Molly Constanza-Robinson, and James K. Jones. Write Like a Chemist. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195367423.001.0001.
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Write Like a Chemist is a unique guide to chemistry-specific writing. Written with National Science Foundation support and extensively piloted in chemistry courses nationwide, it offers a structured approach to writing that targets four important chemistry genres: the journal article, conference abstract, scientific poster, and research proposal. Chemistry students, post-docs, faculty, and other professionals interested in perfecting their disciplinary writing will find it an indispensable reference. Users of the book will learn to write through a host of exercises, ranging in difficulty from correcting single words and sentences to writing professional-quality papers, abstracts, posters, and proposals. The book's read-analyze-write approach teaches students to analyze what they read and then write, paying attention to audience, organization, writing conventions, grammar, and science content, thereby turning the complex process of writing into graduated, achievable tasks. Concise writing and organizational skills are stressed throughout, and "move structures" teach students conventional ways to present their stories of scientific discovery. This resource includes over 350 excerpts from ACS journal articles, ACS conference abstracts, and successful NSF CAREER proposals, excerpts that will serve as useful models of chemistry writing for years to come. Other special features: Usable in chemistry lab, lecture, and writing-dedicated courses Useful as a writing resource for practicing chemists Augmented by Language Tips that address troublesome areas of language and grammer in a self-study format Accompanied by a Web site: http://www.oup.com/us/writelikeachemist Supplemented with an answer key for faculty adopting the book
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Makker, Himender K., Adam Ainley, Sanjay Popat, Julian Singer, Martin Hayward, and Antke Hagena. Oxford Case Histories in Lung Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198813033.001.0001.
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Oxford Case Histories in Lung Cancer contains 40 well-structured cases from clinical practice that give a comprehensive coverage of both commonly faced situations in clinical practice and incidents that pose particular challenges. Split into five sections, covering epidemiology, medical and clinical oncology, thoracic surgery, and palliative care, each case comprises a brief clinical history with relevant clinical examination findings. Questions are based on clinical investigations and aspects of management. Detailed answers follow, based on the best available evidence from the latest research, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and guidelines. The resource is illustrated with over 75 pictures and diagrams.
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Belekar, R. M., Renu Nayar, Pratibha Agrawal, and S. J. Dhoble, eds. Water Pollution Sources and Purification: Challenges and Scope. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97898150506841220101.
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The book helps readers to understand the fundamentals of water purification processes. Chapters in the book cover industrial purification techniques, while also exploring the future scope and current challenges in this field. Key Features - Seven chapters arranged and structured in a clear, coherent manner for understanding the broad topics. - Covers basic water purification techniques for safe drinking water - Covers defluoridation techniques - Explains the parameters affecting photocatalytic degradation of substituted benzoic acids. - Includes a case study for seasonal variations in pond water - Covers the role of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment - Covers the impact of water mismanagement on the environment with suggestions for preventive measures for sustainable water utilization This reference informs advanced readers (sustainable development professionals, post-graduate and research scholars) interested in water treatment processes. It also serves as a resource for courses in environmental chemistry, waste management and sustainability.
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Waller, James. A Troubled Sleep. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190095574.001.0001.
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A Troubled Sleep: Risk and Resilience in Contemporary Northern Ireland revisits one of the world’s most deeply divided societies more than 20 years after a peace agreement brought an end to the Troubles. The book asks if the conflict, while perhaps managed and contained, has been transformed—structurally and relationally—into a win-win situation for both sides. It addresses this question by drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, comparative research, and more than 110 hours of face-to-face interviews with politicians, activists, community workers, former political prisoners, former (and sometimes current) paramilitary members, academics, journalists, mental health practitioners, tour guides, school teachers, museum curators, students, police and military personnel, legal experts, and religious leaders across Northern Ireland. The heart of the book analyzes Northern Ireland’s current vulnerabilities and points of resilience as an allegedly “post-conflict” society. The vulnerabilities are analyzed through a model of risk assessment that examines the longer term and slower moving structures, measures, society-wide conditions, and processes that leave societies vulnerable to violent conflict. Such risk factors include the interpretation of conflict history, how authority in a country is exercised, and the susceptibility to social disharmony, isolation, and fragmentation. Resilience is examined from a survey of the countering influences, both within and outside Northern Ireland, that are working diligently to confirm humanity by reducing or reversing these vulnerabilities. The book concludes by examining the accelerating factors in contemporary Northern Ireland that may lead to an escalation of crisis as well as the triggering factors that could spark the onset of violent conflict itself.
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Górny, Maciej. Historical Writing in Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199225996.003.0013.
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This chapter focuses on historical writing in three central European states—Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. It looks at the long-term trends and phenomena in historical writing in the region. The first is the coexistence during the immediate post-war years of communist policy, together with more or less nationalistic historical interpretations. The next stage is typified by attempts to control education and research, and to reshape the organizational structure of historiography. An output of both of these phenomena was the ‘final’ or mature Marxist interpretations of Polish, Hungarian, Czech, and Slovak history. The next regional stage to have a considerable impact on the region’s historiography is the ‘golden age’ of the 1960s, when most of the innovative and influential books were published, and historians from East Central Europe came into closer contact with their colleagues from the western part of the continent.
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Moore, Colin D. Bureaucracy and the Administrative State. Edited by Richard Valelly, Suzanne Mettler, and Robert Lieberman. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697915.013.30.
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Over the past thirty years, scholars in the field of American Political Development (APD) have made major advances in understanding the structure and development of the US administrative state. This chapter considers the exceptionalism of the American state and reviews dominant theories advanced by scholars of APD to explain change in American bureaucracy. It also examines how the unique development of this state influences American social policy and contributes to racial and economic inequality. Evidence is drawn from some of the watershed moments of administrative state development, such as Jacksonian spoils system, the creation of a modern civil service during the Progressive Era, and the remarkable expansion of American state capacity in the post-war period. It argues that such research reveals how the liberal American state exercises power and why it developed as such a unique and fragmented set of institutions.
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Benkler, Yochai, Robert Farris, and Hal Roberts. Network Propaganda. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923624.001.0001.
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This book examines the shape, composition, and practices of the United States political media landscape. It explores the roots of the current epistemic crisis in political communication with a focus on the remarkable 2016 U.S. president election culminating in the victory of Donald Trump and the first year of his presidency. The authors present a detailed map of the American political media landscape based on the analysis of millions of stories and social media posts, revealing a highly polarized and asymmetric media ecosystem. Detailed case studies track the emergence and propagation of disinformation in the American public sphere that took advantage of structural weaknesses in the media institutions across the political spectrum. This book describes how the conservative faction led by Steve Bannon and funded by Robert Mercer was able to inject opposition research into the mainstream media agenda that left an unsubstantiated but indelible stain of corruption on the Clinton campaign. The authors also document how Fox News deflects negative coverage of President Trump and has promoted a series of exaggerated and fabricated counter narratives to defend the president against the damaging news coming out of the Mueller investigation. Based on an analysis of the actors that sought to influence political public discourse, this book argues that the current problems of media and democracy are not the result of Russian interference, behavioral microtargeting and algorithms on social media, political clickbait, hackers, sockpuppets, or trolls, but of asymmetric media structures decades in the making. The crisis is political, not technological.
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Marek, Jan, and Folkert Meijboom. Echocardiography. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0173.
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Echocardiographic techniques have revolutionized the practice of congenital cardiology over the last three decades. Due to its non-invasive nature and high temporal resolution, echocardiography enables cardiac structures to be imaged as early as the 14th gestational week and it remains the superior diagnostic modality in small children. While transoesophageal (TOE) two-dimensional echocardiography has become an integral part of almost all cardiac interventions, real-time three-dimensional TOE used in older children and adults may help surgeons to understand dynamic spatial relationships of intracardiac structures, enabling them to achieve the best result of an operation. Post bypass, two- and three-dimensional TOE studies significantly reduce the number of reoperations, unnecessary bypass procedures, and general anaesthetics. A developing technique known as tissue deformation imaging enables the assessment of global and regional myocardial systolic and diastolic function even in small hearts. Although mainly used for research, in some specific situations these techniques may modify further diagnostic management, optimize medication, or even change clinical management. Despite its known limitations, echocardiography remains a routine imaging modality for all patients with congenital heart disease, being a definitive imaging modality prior to intervention for many children and screening imaging for older children and adults with congenital heart disease.
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Baobaid, Mohammed, Lynda Ashbourne, Abdallah Badahdah, and Abir Al Jamal. Home / Publications / Pre and Post Migration Stressors and Marital Relations among Arab Refugee Families in Canada Pre and Post Migration Stressors and Marital Relations among Arab Refugee Families in Canada. 2nd ed. Hamad Bin Khalifa University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/difi_9789927137983.
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The study is funded by Doha International Family Institute (DIFI), a member of Qatar Foundation, and is a collaboration between the Muslim Resource Centre for Social Support and Integration of London, Ontario; University of Guelph, Ontario; and University of Calgary, Alberta, all located in Canada; and the Doha International Family Institute, Qatar. The study received research ethics approval from the University of Guelph and the University of Calgary. This study aims to assess the impact of pre- and post-migration on marital relationships and family dynamics for Arab refugee families resettled in Canada. The study also examines the role of professional service providers in supporting these Arab refugee families. The unique experiences of Arab families displaced from their countries due to war and political conflict, and the various hardships experienced during their stay in transit countries, impact their family relations and interactions within the nuclear family context and their interconnectedness with their extended families. Furthermore, these families encounter various challenges within their resettlement process that interrupt their integration. Understanding the impact of traumatic experiences within the pre-migration journey as well as the impact of post-migration stressors on recently settled Arab refugee families in Canada provides insight into the shift in spousal and family relationships. Refugee research studies that focus on the impact of pre-migration trauma and displacement, the migration journey, and post-migration settlement on family relationships are scarce. Since the majority of global refugees in recent years come from Arab regions, mainly Syria, as a result of armed conflicts, this study is focused on the unique experiences of Arab refugee families fleeing conflict zones. The Canadian role in recently resettling a large influx of Arab refugees and assisting them to successfully integrate has not been without challenges. Traumatic pre-migration experiences as a result of being subjected to and/or witnessing violence, separation from and loss of family members, and loss of property and social status coupled with experiences of hardships in transit countries have a profound impact on families and their integration. Refugees are subjected to individual and collective traumatic experiences associated with cultural or ethnic disconnection, mental health struggles, and discrimination and racism. These experiences have been shown to impact family interactions. Arab refugee families have different definitions of “family” and “home” from Eurocentric conceptualizations which are grounded in individualistic worldviews. The discrepancy between collectivism and individualism is mainly recognized by collectivist newcomers as challenges in the areas of gender norms, expectations regarding parenting and the physical discipline of children, and diverse aspects of the family’s daily life. For this study, we interviewed 30 adults, all Arab refugees (14 Syrian and 16 Iraqi – 17 males, 13 females) residing in London, Ontario, Canada for a period of time ranging from six months to seven years. The study participants were married couples with and without children. During the semi-structured interviews, the participants were asked to reflect on their family life during pre-migration – in the country of origin before and during the war and in the transit country – and post-migration in Canada. The inter - views were conducted in Arabic, audio-recorded, and transcribed. We also conducted one focus group with seven service providers from diverse sectors in London, Ontario who work with Arab refugee families. The study used the underlying principles of constructivist grounded theory methodology to guide interviewing and a thematic analysis was performed. MAXQDA software was used to facilitate coding and the identification of key themes within the transcribed interviews. We also conducted a thematic analysis of the focus group transcription. The thematic analysis of the individual interviews identified four key themes: • Gender role changes influence spousal relationships; • Traumatic experiences bring suffering and resilience to family well-being; • Levels of marital conflict are higher following post-migration settlement; • Post-migration experiences challenge family values. The outcome of the thematic analysis of the service provider focus group identified three key themes: • The complex needs of newly arrived Arab refugee families; • Gaps in the services available to Arab refugee families; • Key aspects of training for cultural competencies. The key themes from the individual interviews demonstrate: (i) the dramatic sociocul - tural changes associated with migration that particularly emphasize different gender norms; (ii) the impact of trauma and the refugee experience itself on family relation - ships and personal well-being; (iii) the unique and complex aspects of the family journey; and (iv) how valued aspects of cultural and religious values and traditions are linked in complex ways for these Arab refugee families. These outcomes are consist - ent with previous studies. The study finds that women were strongly involved in supporting their spouses in every aspect of family life and tried to maintain their spouses’ tolerance towards stressors. The struggles of husbands to fulfill their roles as the providers and protec - tors throughout the migratory journey were evident. Some parents experienced role shifts that they understood to be due to the unstable conditions in which they were living but these changes were considered to be temporary. Despite the diversity of refugee family experiences, they shared some commonalities in how they experi - enced changes that were frightening for families, as well as some that enhanced safety and stability. These latter changes related to safety were welcomed by these fami - lies. Some of these families reported that they sought professional help, while others dealt with changes by becoming more distant in their marital relationship. The risk of violence increased as the result of trauma, integration stressors, and escalation in marital issues. These outcomes illustrate the importance of taking into consideration the complexity of the integration process in light of post-trauma and post-migration changes and the timespan each family needs to adjust and integrate. Moreover, these families expressed hope for a better future for their children and stated that they were willing to accept change for the sake of their children as well. At the same time, these parents voiced the significance of preserving their cultural and religious values and beliefs. The service providers identified gaps in service provision to refugee families in some key areas. These included the unpreparedness of professionals and insufficiency of the resources available for newcomer families from all levels of government. This was particularly relevant in the context of meeting the needs of the large influx of Syrian refugees who were resettled in Canada within the period of November 2015 to January 2017. Furthermore, language skills and addressing trauma needs were found to require more than one year to address. The service providers identified that a longer time span of government assistance for these families was necessary. In terms of training, the service providers pinpointed the value of learning more about culturally appropriate interventions and receiving professional development to enhance their work with refugee families. In light of these findings, we recommend an increased use of culturally integrative interventions and programs to provide both formal and informal support for families within their communities. Furthermore, future research that examines the impact of culturally-based training, cultural brokers, and various culturally integrative practices will contribute to understanding best practices. These findings with regard to refugee family relationships and experiences are exploratory in their nature and support future research that extends understanding in the area of spousal relationships, inter - generational stressors during adolescence, and parenting/gender role changes.
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Lee, Jeong-Dong, Keun Lee, Dirk Meissner, Slavo Radosevic, and Nicholas Vonortas, eds. The Challenges of Technology and Economic Catch-up in Emerging Economies. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896049.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book synthesizes and interprets existing knowledge on technology upgrading failures as well as lessons from successes and failures in order to better understand the challenges of technology upgrading in emerging economies. The objective is to bring together in one volume diverse evidence regarding three major dimensions of technology upgrading: paths of technology upgrading, structural changes in the nature of technology upgrading, and the issues of technology transfer and technology upgrading. The knowledge of these three dimensions is being synthesized at the firm, sector, and macro levels across different countries and world macro-regions. Compared to the old and new challenges and uncertainties facing emerging economies, our understanding of the technology upgrading is sparse, unsystematic, and scattered. While our understanding of these issues from the 1980s and 1990s is relatively more systematized, the changes that took place during the globalization and proliferation of GVCs, the effects of the post-2008 events, and the effects of the current COVID-19 and geopolitical struggles on technology upgrading have not been explored and compared synthetically. Moreover, the recent growth slowdown in many emerging economies, often known as a middle-income trap, has reinforced the importance of understanding the technology upgrading challenges of catching-up economies. We believe that the time is ripe for “taking stock of the area” in order to systematize and evaluate the existing knowledge on processes of technology upgrading of emerging economies at the firm, sector, and international levels and to make further inroads in research on this issue. This volume aims to significantly contribute towards this end.
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Hainline, Brian, Lindsey J. Gurin, and Daniel M. Torres. Concussion. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190937447.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Concussion is a type of mild traumatic brain injury, is common, and occurs both in sport and as a result of falls or accidents. Concussion has become an increasingly recognized public health concern, largely driven by prominent media coverage of athletes who have sustained concussion. Although much has been written about this condition, its natural history is still not well understood, and practitioners are only now beginning to recognize that concussion often manifests in different clinical domains. These may require targeted treatment in and of themselves; otherwise, persistent post-concussive symptoms may develop. Although most individuals who sustain a concussion recover, and although concussion is a treatable condition, it is important that concussion be managed early and comprehensively to avoid a more prolonged clinical trajectory. A relatively recent term often used in the setting of concussion is repetitive head impact exposure—a biomechanical force applied to the head that does not generate a clinical manifestation of concussion, but may result in structural brain changes. Although it is often assumed that repetitive head impact exposure leads to long-term neurological sequelae, the science to document this assumption is in its infancy. Repeated concussions may lead to depression or cognitive impairment later in life, and there is an emerging literature that repeated concussion and repetitive head impact exposure are associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy or other neurodegenerative diseases. Currently there is no known causal connection between concussion, repetitive head impact exposure, and neurodegeneration, although this research is also still in its infancy.
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Buchstein, Hubertus, and Lisa Klingsporn, eds. Otto Kirchheimer - Gesammelte Schriften. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845289991.
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The third of the six-volume publication on Otto Kirchheimer (1905–1965) collates all his important works on the development of criminal law, the prison system and criminology in order to facilitate comparative analysis of them. It contains a new edition of his monograph ‘Sozialstruktur und Strafvollzug’ (Punishment and Social Structure), which he wrote with Georg Rusche at the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt, which was published in 1939 and which today is regarded as one of the fundamental works of critical criminology. Furthermore, this volume contains several of Kirchheimer’s quintessential essays, such as ‘Strafrecht im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland’ (Criminal Law in Nazi Germany), as well as reviews and as yet unpublished texts. It also includes the German translation of his work ‘Anmerkungen zur Kriminalstatistik des Nachkriegsfrankreichs’ (Notes on Crime Statistics in Post-War France), which he wrote while in exile in Paris and which has never been published in German before. The volume begins with a detailed biography of Kirchheimer’s works and will appeal to all those interested in political science, legal studies, contemporary history, criminology and sociology.
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Helfont, Samuel. Compulsion in Religion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190843311.001.0001.
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Compulsion in Religion relies on extensive research with Ba’thist archives to investigate the roots of the religious insurgencies that erupted in Iraq following the American-led invasion in 2003. The Iraqi archival records demonstrate that by the 1990s, Saddam’s regime had developed institutions to control and monitor Iraq’s religious landscape. The regime’s ability to do so provided it with confidence to launch a national “Faith Campaign” and to inject religion into Iraqi politics in a controlled manner. Islam played a greater role in the regime’s symbols and Saddam Hussein’s statements in the 1990s than it had in earlier decades. This increase in religious rhetoric did not represent a shift from secular-nationalist ideology to Islamism, however. The regime’s official policies toward religious leaders and institutions remained remarkably consistent throughout the Ba’thist period; Saddam spoke derisively about all forms of Islamist politics in Iraq throughout his presidency. He promoted a Ba’thist interpretation of religion that subordinated it to Arab nationalism rather than depicting the religion as an independent or primary political identity. Saddam did so explicitly to undermine Islamists and the revolutionary religious movements that would emerge after 2003. When the American-led invasion of 2003 destroyed the regime’s authoritarian structures, it unhinged the forces that these structures were designed to contain, creating an atmosphere infused with politically instrumentalized religion but lacking the checks provided by the former regime. Sadrists, al-Qaida, and eventually the Islamic State emerged out of this context to unleash the insurgencies that have plagued post-2003 Iraq.
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Elliott, Willliam, and Melinda Lewis. Making Education Work for the Poor. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190621568.001.0001.
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Making Education Work for the Poor identifies wealth inequality as the gravest threat to the endangered American Dream. Though studies have clearly illustrated that education is the primary path to upward mobility, today, educational outcomes are more directly determined by wealth than innate ability and exerted effort. This accounting directly contradicts Americans' understanding of the promise the American Dream is supposed to offer: a level playing field and a path towards a more profitable future. In this book, the authors share their own stories of their journeys through the unequal U.S. education system. One started from relative privilege and had her way to prosperity paved and her individual efforts augmented by institutional and structural support. The other grew up in poverty and had to fight against currents to complete higher education, only to find his ability to profit from that degree compromised by student debt. To directly counter wealth inequality and make education the 'great equalizer' that Americans believe it to be, this book calls for a revolution in financial aid policy, from debt dependence to asset empowerment. The book examines the evidence base supporting Children's Savings Accounts, including CSAs' demonstrated potential to improve children's outcomes all along the 'opportunity pipeline': early education, school achievement, college access and completion, and post-college financial health. It then outlines a policy that builds on CSAs to incorporate a sizable, progressive wealth transfer. This new policy, Opportunity Investment Accounts, is framed as the cornerstone of the wealth-building agenda the nation needs in order to salvage the American Dream. Written by leading CSA researchers, the book includes overviews of the major children's savings legislation proposed in Congress and the key features of prominent CSA programs in operation around the country today, as well as new qualitative and quantitative CSA research. The book ultimately presents a critical development of the theories that, together, explain how universal, progressive, asset-based education financing could make education work equitably for all American children.
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Warren, Aiden, and Damian Grenfell, eds. Rethinking Humanitarian Intervention in the 21st Century. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423816.001.0001.
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Rethinking Humanitarian Interventions in the 21st Century examines the complex ethics and politics of humanitarian intervention since the end of the Cold War. These 12 essays focus on the challenges associated with interventions, conflict and attendant human rights violations, unmitigated and systematic violence, state re-building, and issues associated with human mobility and dislocation. In a context where layers to conflict are so complex and fluid, it is difficult to imagine one book could ‘rethink interventions’ to the extent that is required. Nevertheless, a contribution to debates can be made. In this collection, important choices were made in terms of how to bring a collection together that allows for the richness as well as maintaining coherence. The task of ‘rethinking’ has meant many of the chapters are underpinned by critical theory with structures of power and the ends that they are deployed to serve never far from discussion. Overall, the chapters in this book address three central themes pertaining to the evolution of 1) humanitarian interventions in a global era; 2) the limits of sovereignty and the ethics of interventions; and the 3) politics of post-intervention (re-)building and humanitarian engagement. As such, they provide a valuable contribution to academics, students, instructors and intellectual communities engaged in research pertaining to humanitarianism, conflict and interventions and different conceptions of security and international relations, and who agree that the present challenges require a basic rethinking of interventions.
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Earle, Harriet E. H. Comics, Trauma, and the New Art of War. University Press of Mississippi, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496812469.001.0001.
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Conflict is one of the most prevalent themes in comics, film and literature; we have been writing stories of war and violence since time immemorial. Comics is no stranger to such narratives and is writing them in ways that are different from (and complementary to) literature and film. This book brings together two distinct areas of research–trauma studies and comics–to provide a new interpretation of this long-standing central theme. Focusing on representations of conflict and war in post-Vietnam American comics, it claims that the comics form is able to mimic traumatic experience in order to represent the events as accurately and viscerally as possible. The textual focus spans the whole form, placing mainstream superhero comics alongside alternative and art comics. The specific comics fit a narrow set of criteria, all being published after 1975 by American creators, discussed in conversation with critical material from a wide range of thinkers, including Sigmund Freud, Mikhail Bakhtin, and Fredric Jameson, as well as contemporary trauma theory and clinical psychology. This book is structured around six key issues in conflict and traumatic representation, with close analyses of the chosen texts to consider the effectiveness of comics, both formally and thematically, in the areas of mourning, dreams, and personal identity. Comics, Trauma and the New Art of War also consider how timescales, temporality, and postmodernism affect, and are affected by, the dual focus of comics and trauma.