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Journal articles on the topic 'Post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction – Testing'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Breen, John E., Michael E. Kreger, Christopher D. White, and Gordon C. Clark. "Field evaluation and model test of a composite wing-girder bridge." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 6 (1987): 753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-113.

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This paper presents the key observations and conclusions from the evaluation of an innovative "loose-fit" composite, post-tensioned concrete wing-girder bridge proposed for an elevated interstate highway expansion in an urban environment. The evaluation program included both testing to destruction of a 1/2-scale model of a partial span as well as construction monitoring and field testing at service load levels of a full-scale prototype two-span bridge. Results of both construction measurements and loading tests were compared with analytical predictions. Laboratory tests showed the composite behavior of the wing-girder joint to be fully effective and a high level of load transfer between wings to be present. Recommendations for modification of the prototype design are made to improve constructibility, durability, structural performance, and economy. Key words: box girder, bridge, post-tensioned, prestressed concrete, reinforcement, stresses, temperature, tendons.
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2

Samir, Peter, and George Morcous. "Precast Prestressed Concrete Truss-Girder for Roof Applications." Journal of Structures 2014 (December 14, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/524156.

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Steel trusses are the most popular system for supporting long-span roofs in commercial buildings, such as warehouses and aircraft hangars. There are several advantages of steel trusses, such as lightweight, ease of handling and erection, and geometric flexibility. However, they have some drawbacks, such as high material and maintenance cost, and low fire resistance. In this paper, a precast concrete truss is proposed as an alternative to steel trusses for spans up to 48 m (160 ft) without intermediate supports. The proposed design is easy to produce and has lower construction and maintenance costs than steel trusses. The truss consists of two segments that are formed using standard bridge girder forms with block-outs in the web which result in having diagonals and vertical members and reduces girder weight. The two segments are then connected using a wet joint and post-tensioned longitudinally to form a crowned truss. The proposed design optimizes the truss-girder member locations, cross-sections, and material use. A 9 m (30 ft) long truss specimen is constructed using self-consolidated concrete to investigate the constructability and structural capacity of the proposed design. A finite element analysis of the specimen is conducted to investigate stresses at truss diagonals, verticals, and connections. Testing results indicate the production and structural efficiency of the developed system.
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3

Yan, Xueyuan, Suguo Wang, Canling Huang, Ai Qi, and Chao Hong. "Experimental Study of a New Precast Prestressed Concrete Joint." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (2018): 1871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101871.

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Precast monolithic structures are increasingly applied in construction. Such a structure has a performance somewhere between that of a pure precast structure and that of a cast-in-place structure. A precast concrete frame structure is one of the most common prefabricated structural systems. The post-pouring joint is important for controlling the seismic performance of the entire precast monolithic frame structure. This paper investigated the joints of a precast prestressed concrete frame structure. A reversed cyclic loading test was carried out on two precast prestressed concrete beam–column joints that were fabricated with two different concrete strengths in the keyway area. This testing was also performed on a cast-in-place reinforced concrete joint for comparison. The phenomena such as joint crack development, yielding, and ultimate damage were observed, and the seismic performance of the proposed precast prestressed concrete joint was determined. The results showed that the precast prestressed concrete joint and the cast-in-place joint had a similar failure mode. The stiffness, bearing capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation were comparable. The hysteresis curves were full and showed that the joints had good energy dissipation. The presence of prestressing tendons limited the development of cracks in the precast beams. The concrete strength of the keyway area had little effect on the seismic performance of the precast prestressed concrete joints. The precast prestressed concrete joints had a seismic performance that was comparable to the equivalent monolithic system.
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4

Haque, Md Nafiul, Murad Y. Abu-Farsakh, Chris Nickel, Ching Tsai, Jesse Rauser, and Zhongjie Zhang. "A Load-Testing Program on Large-Diameter (66-Inch) Open-Ended and PSC-Instrumented Test Piles to Evaluate Design Parameters and Pile Setup." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 52 (2018): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118776781.

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This paper presents the results from a pile load testing program for a bridge construction project at Chalmette, Louisiana. The load testing includes three 66-in. spun-cast post-tensioned open-ended cylinder piles and one 30-in. square prestressed concrete (PSC) pile driven at four different locations along the bridge site in clayey-dominant soil. Both cone penetration tests and soil borings/laboratory testing were used to characterize the subsurface soil conditions. All test piles (TP) were instrumented with strain gauges to measure the load distribution along the length of the TPs and to measure the side and tip resistances, separately. Dynamic load tests (DLT) were performed on all TPs at different waiting periods after pile installations to quantify the amount of setup (i.e., increase in pile resistance with time). Case Pile Wave Analysis Program (CAPWAP®) analyses were performed on the DLT data to calculate the resistance distributions along the TPs. A static load test was performed only on the PSC pile and statnamic load tests (SNLT) were conducted on both pile types. Design parameters such as the total stress adhesion factor, α, and the effective stress coefficient, β, were back-calculated. The α values ranged from 0.41 to 0.86, and the β values ranged from 0.13 to 0.29. The load test results showed that SNLT overestimated the tip resistance as compared with dynamic and static load tests. Moreover, the pile tip resistance was almost constant during the testing period, and setup was mainly attributed to increase in pile side resistance with time.
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5

Liu, Shu Yue, and Wei Ling Wang. "Research on Post-Tensioned Prestressed Concrete Construction Technology in Construction Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 700 (May 2013): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.700.221.

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Study of bonded post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction technology, from materials, equipment, channel reservation, prestressed reinforcement material installation, concrete pouring, the prestressed tendons tension and grouting of anchor seal is described from the aspects of the construction of the link, the specific operation steps, summarizes the method of construction, improve the following prestressed concrete construction understanding.
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6

Braimah, Abass, Mark F. Green, and T. Ivan Campbell. "Fatigue behaviour of concrete beams post-tensioned with unbonded carbon fibre reinforced polymer tendons." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 9 (2006): 1140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-063.

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Much research has been conducted in the past decade to evaluate the suitability of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement in concrete structures. Most of the research has concentrated on the short-term performance of FRP prestressed and reinforced concrete beams. Only a limited amount of research has considered the fatigue behaviour of FRP prestressed beams. This paper presents an experimental research program designed to examine the fatigue behaviour of unbonded carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) post-tensioned concrete beams. The fatigue test program consisted of five large-scale (4.0 m span) concrete T-beams. Three of the beams were post-tensioned with CFRP tendons, and the remaining two beams were post-tensioned with steel prestressing strands. The fatigue load limits were chosen to produce an additional stress range of about 100 MPa in the lower prestressing reinforcement. During fatigue testing, some of the prestressing strands fractured at the anchor location. In the steel post-tensioned beams, fracture of wires in the seven-wire prestressing strands did not result in total failure of the steel post-tensioned beams, as the unbroken wires continued to carry prestress force. In the CFRP post-tensioned beams, however, fracture led to splintering of the tendon between the anchors and total loss of prestress force. In general, the CFRP post-tensioned beams performed satisfactorily in fatigue, in comparison with the steel post-tensioned beams, as long as premature failure of the tendons near the anchor location was prevented.Key words: fibre reinforced polymer (FRP), anchorage, tendon, fatigue, post-tension, concrete, beam, dynamic, testing.
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7

Funahashi, Miki, and Walter T. Young. "Cathodic Protection of Prestressed Bridge Members—Full-Scale Testing." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1561, no. 1 (1996): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156100103.

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The results of a study on the use of cathodic protection on prestressed and post-tensioned concrete bridge members are summarized. Previous laboratory tests to evaluate hydrogen embrittlement of high strength steel embedded in concrete have proven that cathodic protection will generate hydrogen on high-strength steel in concrete if the potential is more negative than the thermodynamic hydrogen evolution potential. The hydrogen generated will enter the steel and cause a loss in ductility that will adversely affect the steel's performance if a notch is present. Full-scale beams were constructed to further study those phenomena. Four pretensioned beams were constructed. In addition, two post-tensioned slabs were constructed to evaluate cathodic protection of anchorages and tendons encased in metal or plastic conduits. Cathodic protection currents were supplied by IR drop-free potential controlled rectifiers. Good potential control at control points was achieved by using externally mounted silver-silver chloride reference electrodes and a conductive gel bridge. However, inconsistent potential control occurred at locations other than at the control points. Later in the study, constant current power supplies were used on two of the beams. Hydrogen entering the steel as the result of corrosion appears to have masked the presence of hydrogen that might have been produced by cathodic protection. The analysis also revealed that there was corrosion of some pretensioned wires at crossings with interior steel reinforcing bars due to interference (stray current) caused by cathodic protection application. Analysis of the post-tensioned slabs indicated little effect of cathodic protection on tendons inside plastic or metal ducts from the application of cathodic protection. Beneficial effects were noted on anchor points where mortar was in contact with the metal.
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8

Jiang, Yin Jun, and Yong Hua Zhu. "Simulation of Electric Heating Prestressed Concrete Component." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 1018–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.1018.

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Because channel quality defects of post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction cannot be discovered on time, an electric heating method is put forward to produce effective detection. The results of the numeric simulation on the temperature field of a prestressed concrete component show that the electric heating infrared detection method, for its energy consumption, efficiency and safety, is feasible for detecting the channel quality of prestressed concrete component, but the electric current needs to be controlled to avoid high temperature which affects the physical and mechanical properties of the strand and the concrete.
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9

Kraľovanec, Jakub, Martin Moravčík, Petra Bujňáková, and Jozef Jošt. "Indirect Determination of Residual Prestressing Force in Post-Tensioned Concrete Beam." Materials 14, no. 6 (2021): 1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061338.

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A diagnostic survey on the precast prestressed bridge Nižná confirmed significant deterioration due to environmental distress. Evidently, decisive failures of the structure have a similar character as in the previous precast prestressed bridge in Podbiel in the northern part of Slovakia. These failures result from the unsuitable concept of the first generation of precast prestressed concrete beams, which was used in the former Czechoslovakia in the second half of the 20th century. Subsequently, experimental verification using the proof-load test was also executed. This bridge was built in 1956, so at the time of testing, it was 60 years old. The paper presents the indirect determination of prestressing level in one precast post-tensioned concrete beam using the saw-cut method. Experimental measurement was executed during the bridge demolition. Subsequently, a 2D numerical model in ATENA 2D Software, with the assumption of nonlinear material behavior for verification of experimental results, was performed. Finally, the residual prestressing force was evaluated and compared with the expected state of prestressing according to Eurocodes after 60 years of service.
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10

Wight, Gavin D., Jason M. Ingham, and Andrew R. Wilton. "Innovative seismic design of a post-tensioned concrete masonry houseThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on Masonry." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 11 (2007): 1393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-104.

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Post-tensioned concrete masonry walls provide improved seismic performance, but have had limited application in seismic regions because of a lack of research pertaining to their in-plane response. Following focused research over recent years, a consortium of product suppliers has collaborated with the University of Auckland to construct New Zealand’s first post-tensioned concrete masonry house. A feature of this innovative design was that all incorporated products were commercially available, with no proprietary products being specifically developed for the prestressed masonry system used. Consequently, it is hoped that this house will be a showcase, and provide exposure for the technology in New Zealand and elsewhere. This paper provides a brief review of previous post-tensioned concrete masonry research applications, then discusses post-tensioning details and their application to house design and construction.
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11

Zhou, Xian Yan, Jian Luan, and Da Hai Zhang. "Inspection of Grouting Quality for Grouted Tendon Ducts Using Ground Penetrating Radar Technique." Advanced Materials Research 639-640 (January 2013): 1051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.639-640.1051.

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With the wide applications of post-tensioned concrete structures, the grouting conditions of tendon ducts are paid more attentions. In order to accurately assess the internal grouting quality of the grouted tendon ducts and certainly guarantee the lifetime of prestressed concrete structures Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), which is a kind of nondestructive testing (NDT) method, has been applied to inspect and evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively on the grouting defects, respectively. A series of in-house tests were carried out for simulating the defects of tendon ducts by foams with different sizes. The results show that the GPR technic was one of the optimal methods for inspecting the internal grouting quality of grouted tendon ducts for post-tensioned concrete structures.
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12

Xu, Haixue, and Brahim Benmokrane. "Strengthening of existing concrete dams using post-tensioned anchors: a state-of-the-art review." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 6 (1996): 1151–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-925.

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Many old dams are in need of strengthening and rehabilitation as a result of aging, deterioration, deficiencies in design and construction, and more stringent safety standards. These standards include the probable maximum flood and the maximum credible earthquake. Post-tensioned anchors are the most practical and cost-effective method of strengthening existing concrete dams subjected to direct tension, sliding, overturning and seismic loading. In some cases, they are used to stabilize rock abutments and concrete locks and to combat the effects of alkaline and aggregate reaction. The post-tensioning technique requires minimum demolition, has only a minor impact on the dam, and is relatively inexpensive using a small number of anchors. This paper reviews about 60 case histories of concrete dams strengthened by post-tensioned anchors. The reasons for strengthening existing dams are analyzed. The general design, construction, drilling, grouting, testing, and performance of post-tensioned anchors for strengthening concrete dams are outlined. Key words: post-tensioned, anchor, multistrand, fixed anchor length, free anchor length, anchor head, strengthening, rehabilitation, concrete dam.
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13

Le, Thanh-Cao, Thi Tuong Vy Phan, Trung-Hau Nguyen, Duc-Duy Ho, and Thanh-Canh Huynh. "A Low-Cost Prestress Monitoring Method for Post-Tensioned RC Beam Using Piezoelectric-Based Smart Strand." Buildings 11, no. 10 (2021): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100431.

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This study proposes a cost-effective prestress monitoring method for post-tensioned reinforced concrete (RC) beams using a smart strand. Firstly, the concept of a piezoelectric-based smart strand and its implementation for prestress force monitoring are developed. The smart strand is prepared by embedding inexpensive and high-sensitivity electromechanical impedance (EMI) sensors in a steel strand. Next, the feasibility of the proposed method is experimentally verified for prestress force monitoring of a simple supported post-tensioned RC beam. A smart strand prototype is fabricated and embedded into a 6.4 m RC beam which is then prestressed with different levels. For each prestress level, the EMI responses of the smart tendon are measured and the EMI features are extracted for prestress force monitoring. The results showed that the EMI signals of the smart strand showed strong resonant peaks that varied sensitively to the prestress level of the beam. The prestress change in the prestressed RC beam was successfully estimated by using linear regression models of the EMI features.
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14

Li, Fumin, Xiaoya Luo, and Zhenguo Liu. "Corrosion of anchorage head system of post-tensioned prestressed concrete structures under chloride environment." Structural Concrete 18, no. 6 (2017): 902–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/suco.201600140.

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15

Cheong, Kah Kian, Foo Wei Lee, Kah Hon Leong, Ming Kun Yew, and Yee Ling Lee. "Evaluation of Grouting Condition of Post-Tensioned Concrete using R-wave Method." E3S Web of Conferences 65 (2018): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186502004.

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Post-tensioning (PT) system is widely used not only in bridge construction, but also used as a replacement of reinforced concrete (RC) structure for slab, beam, and wall. Nowadays, many countries around the world are focusing on sustainable development in the construction industry. PT system is one of a system which able to meet the standard of sustainable building construction. Its advantages are able to save more materials, construction time and maintenance cost. To ensure the safety of PT systems during construction, some methods are implemented to evaluate the concrete condition. In this study, the Rayleigh wave (R-wave) method is used to evaluate the grouting condition of the post-tensioned concrete structure. Useful parameters of R-wave such as amplitude, time, frequency and wave velocity are identified and obtained through a series of numerical simulations and experimental tests. Different frequencies are excited to examine the behavior of R-wave propagated through a concrete medium with different grouting conditions in the simulation. In experimental testing, different diameters of steel balls are used as an impactor to generate waveform and the generated waveforms were recorded by the data logger. Three equidistance receivers are placed on top of the tested concrete specimen with different duct materials of aluminium duct and PVC duct embedded in it. As a conclusion, when voids are present in the concrete specimen, high readings of amplitude and dominant frequency are recorded and the travelling wave velocity is slow.
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16

Cao, Zhiliang, Hao Wang, and Tong Guo. "Fragility analysis of self-centering prestressed concrete bridge pier with external aluminum dissipators." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 8 (2016): 1210–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216673376.

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A novel self-centering prestressed concrete pier with external energy dissipators has been developed to realize seismic resilient performance and enhanced corrosion-resisting property. Self-centering capacity of the pier is provided by the unbonded post-tensioned tendons and damage is mostly concentrated on the replaceable dissipators. To investigate the seismic behavior of the proposed pier, a detailed analytical model considering interface opening and dissipator deformation was developed and verified through existing cyclic load tests. Based on the proposed model, a prototype reinforced concrete pier and a self-centering prestressed concrete pier with similar backbone curves are designed, and fragility analyses are conducted on the two piers through incremental dynamic analysis. One maximum drift-based performance limit state (i.e. collapse prevention) and two residual drift-based performance limit states (i.e. emergent usage and reconstruction) are defined for seismic capacity evaluation. Fragility curves indicate that the self-centering prestressed concrete pier has a slightly higher peak drift demand owing to its inferior dissipating capacity as compared with the reinforced concrete pier, while sustains a much lower residual drift demand due to its inherent self-centering characteristic.
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17

Aziz, Mohamad Abdel, George Abdel-Sayed, Faouzi Ghrib, Nabil F. Grace, and Murty K. S. Madugula. "Analysis of concrete beams prestressed and post-tensioned with externally unbonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer tendons." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 32, no. 6 (2005): 1138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-071.

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Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tendons are being increasingly used nowadays in prestressing and (or) post-tensioning concrete structures. However, designers are faced with lack of practical analysis procedure that leads to proper evaluation of their structural performance, especially when bonded prestressing is combined with unbonded post-tensioning. This paper presents an analytical procedure for these beams. It examines the load–defelction characteristics and proceeds to estimate the ultimate load carrying capacity by taking into consideration the change of stress that occurs in the externally unbonded tendons during different stages of loading. The analytical procedure uses the concept of effective moment of inertia of concrete beams. The equations used are developed by ACI Committee 440, the Intelligent Sensing for Innovative Structures (ISIS) Canada Research Network, and the Comité Euro-International du Béton - Fédération International de la Précontrainte (CEB-FIP), for calculating the deflection of beams reinforced with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendons. Finite element analyses have been conducted to verify the proposed analytical method. Two experimental programs were used to validate the proposed analytical method. The experimental findings of two box beams reinforced with bonded and unbonded external tendons are compared with finite element analyses and the analytical results. A full-scale test for an internally and externally prestressed double-T beam was undertaken at Construction Technology Laboratories Inc., Skokie, Illinois. The results from this experimental work were used to validate the analytical procedure.Key words: bonded CFRP tendons, concrete, post-tensioning, unbonded CFRP tendons.
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18

Eder, Rick W., Richard A. Miller, T. Michael Baseheart, and James A. Swanson. "Testing of Two 50-Year-Old Precast Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridge Girders." PCI Journal 50, no. 3 (2005): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij.05012005.90.95.

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19

Dai, Lizhao, Lei Wang, Ming Deng, Binghui Wu, Royce W. Floyd, and Jianren Zhang. "Strengthening a 20-Year-Old Post-Tensioned Concrete Box Beam with Double-Layer Prestressed Steel Wire Ropes." Journal of Bridge Engineering 23, no. 11 (2018): 05018009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0001301.

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20

van den Hondel, A. J. (Hans). "Results on the long-term performance and effectiveness of a galvanic CP system applied on a lightweight concrete bridge with prestressed steel as determined by depolarisation values and current densities." MATEC Web of Conferences 289 (2019): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928903014.

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This paper gives insight in the research and investigations which were undertaken on a post tensioned light-weight concrete box girder bridge in the Netherlands. This project started in the first half of 2013 and measurements are still executed regularly. Due to long-term leakage of a longitudinal joint between 2 parts of the bridge, chlorides had penetrated into the concrete up to the level of the reinforcement and beyond, causing severe corrosion of the steel, spalling of the concrete cover and eventually causing danger for the shipping underneath the bridge due to falling lumps of concrete. To solve this problem, Galvanic Cathodic Protection (GCP) was applied in 2 stages. Firstly, in 2013, zinc based anode strips were applied on the soffit of 2 post tensioned lightweight bridge segments for the purpose of testing and monitoring. After obtaining good results from the test, in 2014/2015 the remaining 29 bridge segments were repaired and protected with the same GCP system as well. This paper reviews subsequent potential decay and current densities measurements, which have provided valuable information on GCP performance and throwing power. The results of anode performance at different locations and depths are reviewed. Concrete resistivity has shown a major influence on the effectiveness of the installed GCP system.
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21

van den Hondel, A. J. (Hans), Joost Gulikers, Roberto Giorgini, and Anthony (W M. ). van den Hondel. "A 5 year track record on a galvanic CP system applied on a light weight concrete bridge with prestressed steel – Developments in time of the effectiveness as determined by depolarisation values and current densities." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819905004.

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This paper gives insight in the research and investigations which were undertaken on a post tensioned light-weight concrete box girder bridge in the Netherlands. This project started in the first half of 2013 and measurements are still executed regularly. Due to long-term leakage of a longitudinal joint between 2 parts of the bridge, chlorides had penetrated into the concrete up to the level of the reinforcement and beyond, causing severe corrosion of the steel, spalling of the concrete cover and eventually causing danger for the shipping underneath the bridge due to falling lumps of concrete. To solve this problem, Galvanic Cathodic Protection (GCP) was applied in 2 stages. Firstly, in 2013, zinc based anode strips were applied on the soffit of 2 post tensioned lightweight bridge segments for the purpose of testing and monitoring. After obtaining good results from the test, in 2014/2015 the remaining 29 bridge segments were repaired and protected with the same GCP system as well. This paper reviews subsequent potential decay and current densities measurements, which have provided valuable information on GCP performance and throwing power. The results of anode performance at different locations and depths are reviewed. Concrete resistivity have shown a major influence on the effectiveness of the installed GCP system.
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22

BLACKLER, M. J., and R. S. COOKE. "BESSES O `TH' BARN BRIDGE: INSPECTION AND TESTING OF A SEGMENTAL POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE BRIDGE." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 110, no. 1 (1995): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/istbu.1995.27301.

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23

Wilcke, Martin, Andrei Walther, Klaus Szielasko, and Sargon Youssef. "The MFL technique – Basic application for PT cable break detection in concrete structures." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 06013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819906013.

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From the beginning of building techniques creating pre-stressed and accordingly post-tensioned concrete structures until the late 1980ies manufacturers and construction companies dealt with pre-stressing steel material vulnerable to stress corrosion cracking. Almost every load-bearing structure requires regular inspection on a mandatory basis. Due to knowledge of pre-stressed structural reinforcement susceptible to stress corrosion cracking being used during construction or visible damage alongside the tendon area arises the demand for detailed investigation of cracks within the post-tensioned steel elements. Even though the pre-stressed steel elements of a structure are not especially at risk for stress corrosion cracking by its manufacturing process, the natural deterioration of the building fabric and manifold eventual defects and failure during structure erection encourage the requirement for an inspection of their structural integrity at least within the most important load-bearing areas. Therefore needed investigations can be carried out by application of the non-destructive magnetic flux leakage measurement technique for single bar elements and stranded wire tendons even inside cladding tubes. This testing method is subject to successful research work for more than 30 years now and has proven its validated functionality with impressive results on a big number of investigated structures including bridge elements, truss beams and container components.Starting with the basic physical measurement principle of magnetic flux leakage for dipole-formation in the area of fractures of the magnetized pre-stressed steel elements this document presents the practical application possibilities and development history of the testing method.With the consecutively presented further development of the BetoFlux-System we can provide a piece of testing equipment which combines the advantages of a pure physical measurement principle with the economical requirements for an on-site-application to investigate pre-stressed reinforcing steel elements at an early stage prior to structural collapse hazards.
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24

Zhang, Xihong, and Hong Hao. "The response of precast concrete segmental columns subjected to near base impact." International Journal of Protective Structures 10, no. 2 (2019): 229–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419618808534.

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Precast concrete segmental column has attracted many attentions for the past decades due to its unique features especially in improving the construction quality and efficiency. However, the performance of precast segmental column under lateral impact loading has been less studied. Our previous studies performed laboratory pendulum impact tests on scaled segmental columns to investigate their behaviours when impacted at mid-span of the column. This article studies the response of segmental column when impacted near the column base, which generates different response modes and failure mechanisms compared to the columns subjected to the mid-span impact. Lateral impacts are applied either to segmental joint between the two bottom segments or directly onto the centre of the base concrete segment. A detailed three-dimensional numerical model is created and validated with laboratory impact testing results on scaled segmental columns. A full-scale 3-m tall segmental column is then numerically built to study the behaviour under near base impact. The column damage and failure modes are analysed. The influences of prestress level in the post-tensioning tendon and concrete strength on the performance of segmental column subjected to near base impacts are investigated through numerical simulations.
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25

Fukushima, Kuniharu, Kimihiko Amaya, Takanori Kinoshita, and Isamu Yoshitake. "APPLICABILITY OF WIDE-RANGE ULTRASONIC TESTING TO NON-DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION OF GROUT CONDITION IN PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGES." Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction 4, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.14455/isec.res.2017.121.

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Complete grouting of tendon ducts is important for durability of post-tensioned prestressed concrete (PC) bridges. Voids in the ducts may induce failure of PC tendons, possibly causing a reduction in load capacity and collapse of the bridge. The wide-range ultrasonic testing (WUT) is one of the non-destructive inspection techniques. The focus of this study is to examine the applicability of the WUT to grout inspection. This paper summarizes the characteristics of the non-destructive methods available for the PC grout inspection and outlines the sensing and analyzing techniques of the WUT method performed in practice in PC bridge construction. The inspection accuracy of the WUT method was examined by comparison to a sensor-based inspection method. This paper also reports comparative investigation and discusses the advantages of the WUT method including inspection accuracy, cost performance, time efficiency and safety. It was confirmed in on-site application that the WUT method was capable of determining grout condition at a concrete cover depth of 250 mm.
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26

Wu, Zhongxin, Kevin Johnson, Gray Mullins, and Rajan Sen. "Post-Tensioned Splice System for Precast, Prestressed Concrete Piles: Part 3, Capacity Verification from Laboratory and Full-Scale Testing." PCI Journal 63, no. 5 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij63.5-02.

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27

Qian, Kai, Hai-Ning Hu, Yun-Hao Weng, Xiao-Fang Deng, and Ting Huang. "Numerical investigation on load transfer mechanism of bonded post-tensioned concrete beam-column substructures against progressive collapse." Advances in Structural Engineering, December 22, 2020, 136943322098165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433220981655.

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This paper presents the high-fidelity finite-element-based numerical models for modeling the behavior of prestressed concrete (PC) beam-column substructures to resist progressive collapse under column removal scenario. After careful calibration against data, the validated numerical models are further employed to shed light on the influence of bonded post-tensioned tendons (BPT) with a parabolic profile on the load transfer mechanisms of PC frames against progressive collapse. The effects of parameters, including initial effective prestress, profile of tendon and lateral constraint stiffness at the beam ends, are also investigated. The study shows that, due to the presence of prestressed tendons, the mobilization of compressive arch action in the beam at small deflections demands stronger lateral constraints, and the ultimate load resistance of PC beam-column substructures depends on combined catenary action from non-prestressed reinforcement and BPT at large deflections. For a given constraint stiffness, the initial effective prestress of BPT has less significant effect on the overall structural behavior. For prestressed tendon, a straight profile usually employed in structural strengthening can improve the initial structural stiffness and yield strength, but is less effective in enhancing the ultimate resistance against progressive collapse than the parabolic profile.
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28

Mullins, Gray, Kevin Johnson, and Rajan Sen. "Post-Tensioned Splice System for Precast, Prestressed Concrete Piles: Part 1, Conceptual design." PCI Journal 63, no. 1 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij63.1-04.

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29

Mullins, Gray, Zhongxin Wu, Kevin Johnson, and Rajan Sen. "Post-Tensioned Splice System for Precast, Prestressed Concrete Piles: Part 2, Field Implementation and Driving Spliced Pile." PCI Journal 63, no. 3 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij63.3-04.

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30

Colajanni, Piero, Antonino Recupero, Giuseppe Ricciardi, and Nino Spinella. "Failure by corrosion in PC bridges: a case history of a viaduct in Italy." International Journal of Structural Integrity 7, no. 2 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-09-2014-0046.

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Purpose The paper illustrates a viaduct collapse due to corrosion phenomena. Moreover, a contribution to the issues related to both the control of existing structures and design methods to be followed for the construction of new buildings is provided. Design/methodology/approach The objectives were achieved by in situ observations and numerical analyses. The effects of corrosion phenomena are investigated, and the progressive collapse analysis is provided to be helpful in this case. Findings The damages induced by corrosion phenomena have caused the collapse of the viaduct taken in to account. The performed numerical analyses were able to reproduce the effects of corrosion in terms of reduction of wires diameter. Research limitations/implications The research is limited to prestressed concrete viaduct with post-tensioned cables. Practical implications A monitoring plan, subdivided in several phases, is suggested, to avoid critical situations as these described. Originality/value The case study brought useful information on the effects of corrosion on the decks section, showing how the technology in post-tensioned cables is usually insidious and prone to the issues relating to corrosion of the wires
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