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1
Clark, Ruth M. "Loss, trauma and post-traumatic growth." Thesis, City University London, 2010. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8706/.
Full textAbstract:
This study explored the lived experiences of twelve mental health care clinicians working therapeutically with suicidal clients and following client suicide. The participants included six mCounselling Psychologists, two Consultant Psychiatrists, three Community Psychiatric Nurses and a Cognitive Behavioural Therapist from an opportunity sample. The study took place within a National Health Service Mental Health Trust located in the South East of England. All the participants worked with suicidal clients. Nine had experienced the suicide of one or more clients. Employing interpretative phenomenological analysis, four key themes emerged: Being with suicidal clients, Impact of client death, Subsequent influential experiences and Evolving. Therapeutic intervention with suicidal clients emerged as being a source of anxiety for some participants, while others felt confident in wanting to explore the clients' concerns in depth. Following client suicide, shock, initial disbelief, fear, guilt and anger were apparent. Therapeutic relationships were influential in the participants' interpretations and understandings of the death. The attachment to the client was considered, by some, as being almost shameful, while others had tenuous therapeutic relationships. Some participants expressed potent feelings of grief arising from the loss. Past experience of bereavement by suicide emerged as shaping the views taken of suicidal clients and the responses to client suicide. Subsequent events, including involvement in an investigation into the cause of the death, were considered as being influential factors in the overall experience. Relationships with others which provided comfort and affirmation were considered to be a protective factor. While several participants gained support from clinical supervision, others felt that it did not meet their needs. An attempt was made to offer explanatory frameworks in order to situate the participants' experiences. Together with the effects of a loss, some participants' perceptions of failing as a competent professional added some support to the notion of threatened identity, due to rupture of the 'continuity' of professional identity. Transformative processes included gains, such as being considered as an 'expert.' The changes that are described are consistent with the reflexive practitioner position of Counselling Psychologists. The implications of the findings include Counselling Psychologists' involvement in the development of support systems. Finally, a suggested method of providing information to clinicians (Appendix 11) has been drafted as a result of the study outcomes.
2
Turner, Michelle Hayley. "Post-psychotic trauma : contributory factors and interventions." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3097/.
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Volume I: Research Component The literature review examines the high prevalence rate of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with a severe mental illness such as psychosis and discusses why such high rates may be found. There is anecdotal and empirical evidence that attests to the distressing nature of psychotic symptoms and treatment related experiences, including hospitalisation. The review looked at the contribution of such experiences in causing symptoms of PTSD. Interventions aimed at reducing symptoms of PTSD in people with a severe mental illness were then evaluated. It was concluded that the studies showed promising results in reducing PTSD symptoms, but the evidence base was still relatively small. Future research is needed to establish what interventions are effective and how established treatments for PTSD in other non-psychotic populations can be adapted to meet the needs of this vulnerable group. The empirical paper presents a quantitative study that aimed to look at the relationship between post-psychotic trauma, shame and depression in a clinical sample of people with first episode psychosis. Symptoms of PTSD were assessed in relation to a traumatic event that had occurred during a previous psychotic episode. The study distinguished between different types of shame to look at their relationship with PTSD symptoms and depression, an area that had not been investigated before in this clinical sample. Participants were asked about their experiences of internal and external shame in relation to having a mental illness and general shame. Consistent with previous research a significant proportion of people had clinically significant levels of psychosis related PTSD symptoms and depression; with shame found to correlate with both. However internal shame was found to make a unique contribution to depression, whilst external and general shame made a unique contribution to PTSD symptoms. This has implications for future research by showing it is not enough to simply measure overall or global shame. It also highlights the need to develop interventions that address shame, depression and symptoms of trauma in people with first episode psychosis. The paper is prepared for the submission to the journal Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. Volume II: Clinical Component The second volume of the thesis presents five clinical practice reports. Firstly, a case formulation from a cognitive behavioural and a systemic perspective are presented for an eleven year-old boy with anxiety related difficulties referred to a child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS). Secondly, an audit was carried out to assess how well a CAMHS service met the guidelines set out by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) when intervening with young people and adolescents diagnosed with an eating disorder. Thirdly, a case study is presented from predominantly a narrative perspective for a young woman with a learning disability who had relationship and anxiety related difficulties. In the forth report a single case experimental design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioural intervention for paranoid delusions with a man diagnosed with a psychotic disorder, who was under the care of an Early Intervention Service. Lastly an abstract is presented for a case study where cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) was used with a woman who presented with depression within a primary care setting.
3
Dilly, Melanie Simone. "Expatriate writing : post-trauma, postmemory and the postcolonial." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/60507/.
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This thesis describes the relationship between post-Second World War discourses and postcolonialism as observed in a selection of works by expatriate 'postmemory' authors after the Second World War and the Indian Partition. With global consequences which are still felt today, the Holocaust can no longer be understood as a singled-out event. Through their various works, Anita Desai, Amitav Ghosh, Salman Rushdie, and W.G. Sebald offer a range of comparable strategies for further personal engagement with the past - not just in Europe or in South Asia, but in both places together. The thesis shows that the expatriate writer - defined by his or her temporal and spatial distance from the subject matter - can be understood not only as someone who mediates between there and here, but also between past and present. Thinking of the expatriate writer as someone between two worlds is technically reminiscent of the traumatised person who is unable to negotiate between the two worlds of victims and outsiders. The expatriate writer can make use of rupture, distance, and partial identity, and is therefore in a privileged position when it comes to highlighting incomplete (hi)stories. The fictional texts examined in this thesis are examples of multidirectional memory in several ways: firstly through the connection to other nations' histories and secondly through reaching out to the reader. The reader's active engagement with the text is fundamental in the process of establishing meaning, which at the same time challenges the status of master narratives. Even if hardly anyone speaks of a traumatic style, this is where I would ultimately situate this research, as to varying degrees these works use narrative strategies that already include and point to another trauma, be that the Second World War or colonialism.
4
Roosblad, Serginho Calvin. "Sending up trauma : a study of political cartooning in South Africa's post-apartheid trauma discourse." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11938.
Full textAbstract:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
[The] idea of the collective trauma has been applied to South Africa in the period of transition from apartheid to democracy. Especially during the hearings of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), as the commission invested heavily in the practice of traumatic storytelling as part the broader globalization of psychiatric knowledge about trauma (Colvin, 2008). Political cartoons shed an interesting light on the establishment and development of trauma discourse. This study looks at the contribution of South African political cartoonists to trauma discourse at the time of the hearings of the Human Rights Violations Committee (HRVC) of the TRC.
5
Browne, Tessa. "Trauma-related quilt and post-traumatic stress among journalists." Thesis, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542436.
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6
Williams, Adam John. "A Robotic Head Stabilization Device for Post-Trauma Transport." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96755.
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The work presented in this thesis focuses on the design and testing of a casualty extraction robot intended to stabilize the head and neck of an unresponsive person. The employment of robots in dangerous locales such as combat zones or the site of a natural disaster has the potential to help keep first responders out of harm's way as well as to improve the efficiency of search and rescue teams.
After a review of robotic search and rescue platforms the Semi-Autonomous Victim Extraction Robot(SAVER) is introduced. The necessity of a device intended to support the head and cervical spine during transport on a rescue robot is then discussed. The kinematic and dynamic analyses of various candidate differential mechanisms intended for the head stabilization device are described, and the chosen mechanism is demonstrated in a proof-of-concept device. Following testing with a simple PID controller, it was determined an advanced feedback controller with disturbance rejection capabilities was required. Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control (LADRC) was chosen for its effectiveness in rejecting perturbations and handling modeling uncertainties. The performance the proposed LADRC control scheme was compared with PID in simulation and the results are presented. Finally, a prototype of the device was designed and built to validate the functionality of the subsystem, and the results of the corresponding experimentation are discussed.M. S.
7
com, teresamgoudie@hotmail, and Teresa Makiko Goudie. "Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma and Post-internment Japanese Diasporic Literature." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061012.65617.
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The thesis examines the literary archive of the Japanese diaspora in North America and uncovers evidence of an intergenerational transmission of trauma after the internment of all peoples of Japanese descent in America during World War Two. Their experience of migration, discrimination and displacement was exacerbated by the internment, the single most influential episode in their history which had a profound effect on subsequent generations. It is argued the trauma of their experiences can be located in their writing and, drawing on the works of Freud and trauma theoreticians Cathy Caruth and Ruth Leys in particular, the thesis constructs a theoretical framework which may be applied to post-internment Japanese diasporic writing to reveal the traces of trauma in all generations, traces that are linked to what Freud referred to as a posterior moment that triggered an earlier trauma which the subject may not have experienced personally but which may be lodged in her / her psyche. An examination of the literature of the Japanese diaspora shows that trauma is carried in the language itself and impacted upon the collective psyche of the entire community.
The theoretical model is used to read the tanka poetry written by the immigrant generation, a range of texts by the first American-born generation (including an in-depth analysis of four texts spanning several decades) and the texts written by the third-generation, many of whom did not experience the internment themselves so their motivation and the influence of the internment differed greatly from earlier generations. The thesis concludes with an analysis of David Mura's identification of the link between identity, sexuality and the influence of the internment experience as transmitted by his parents. The future of the Japanese American community and their relationship with their past traumatic experience also makes its way into the conclusion.
8
Lee, Eleanor Jane. "Psychologising abortion : psychology and the construction of post abortion trauma." Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342131.
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9
Bovin, Michelle. "THE UTILITY OF PERITRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES IN PREDICTING POST TRAUMA PSYCHOPATHOLOGY." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/201461.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Prior research has indicated that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Criterion A2 (i.e., the stipulation that an individual must experience intense fear, helplessness, or horror during an event that threatened the life or physical integrity of oneself or others to be eligible for the PTSD diagnosis; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th, ed., text rev., DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000) is not positively predictive of PTSD diagnostic status. However, the exact reason for the poor predictive validity is unclear. It may be that changing the operational definition of Criterion A2 (e.g., broadening the definition to include additional peritraumatic reactions) will improve its predictive validity. The current investigation attempted to answer this question, as well as examining several other aspects of the peritraumatic experience. Specifically, three studies were conducted. Study 1 examined whether the ability of the peritraumatic response to predict PTSD can be improved by reconstituting the operationalization of this experience. Study 2 investigated whether this new operationalization of the peritraumatic experience can differentiate between PTSD and other psychiatric disorders (i.e., Major Depressive Disorder, Substance Use Disorders). Study 3 explored how different methodologies for assessing responses to trauma cues (i.e., retrospective reports, self-report and psychophysiological data gathered from a laboratory-based trauma monologue) compare in their ability to predict PTSD. Two-hundred thirty four female crime victims (151 victims of rape; 83 victims of physical assault) were recruited as part of a National Institute of Mental Health (Dr. Patricia Resick, Principal Investigator) prospective longitudinal study designed to examine factors associated with recovery from a recent assault. Results indicated that, consistent with past literature, the three Criterion A2 variables (i.e., peritraumatic fear, helplessness, and horror) were not predictive of PTSD diagnostic status or PTSD symptom severity. However, peritraumatic anxiety was predictive of PTSD diagnostic status, and a dimensional variable assessing the dissociative emotions was predictive of PTSD symptom severity. The predictive utility of the peritraumatic experience was found to be unique to PTSD; although peritraumatic anxiety was predictive of PTSD diagnostic status, none was predictive of the other forms of psychopathology examined (i.e., MDD, Substance Use Disorders). Finally, results indicated that several of the peritraumatic responses were predictive of both self-reported distress and measures of arousal (i.e., amplitude of skin conductance responses) during a laboratory-based trauma monologue. However, the three sets of measures (i.e., peritraumatic responses, self-reported distress, and psychophysiological responses) were differentially predictive of PTSD. Limitations of the study, as well as implications of the findings, are discussed.
Temple University--Theses
10
Gill, Sabina. "Exposing wounds : traces of trauma in post-War Polish photography." Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/20052/.
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This thesis draws on psychoanalytic theories of trauma to interrogate works produced by Polish photographers after the Second World War. The aim of this thesis is to excavate traces of trauma latently embedded in post-war Polish art photography. By closely analysing a selection of photographs produced between the years 1945 and 1970, I argue that the events of the war cast a shadow over the lives of Polish artists. Rather than looking at photographs which directly visualise these traumatic events, I explore the ways in which these experiences manifest themselves indirectly or obliquely in the art of the period, through abstraction, a tendency towards ‘dark realism,’ and an interest in traces of human presence. Drawing on the photographs of Zbigniew Dłubak, Zdzisław Beksiński, Jerzy Lewczyński, Bronisław Schlabs, Andrzej Różycki, Józef Robakowski and other post-war photographers, I argue that the events of the war were not the only traumas to cast their shadow on the Polish psyche. Between 1945 and 1970, Poland underwent a series of transitions and changes in leadership, population and Party politics. Periods of optimism and leniency oscillated with phases of repression and social unrest. In my analysis, I suggest that multiple traumas can be discerned in these decades. What is at stake in this thesis is the proposition that a photograph can bear imperceptible traces of events that have wounded the psyche, which could not be articulated at the time, but which were made visible at a later date. Photographs made in the post-war years provided a space to belatedly return to encrypted traumas, to relay ideas that could not otherwise be articulated, and to acknowledge events that had been disavowed.
11
Goudie, Teresa Makiko. "Intergenerational transmission of trauma and post-internment Japanese diasporic literature." Thesis, Goudie, Teresa Makiko (2006) Intergenerational transmission of trauma and post-internment Japanese diasporic literature. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/45/.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis examines the literary archive of the Japanese diaspora in North America and uncovers evidence of an intergenerational transmission of trauma after the internment of all peoples of Japanese descent in America during World War Two. Their experience of migration, discrimination and displacement was exacerbated by the internment, the single most influential episode in their history which had a profound effect on subsequent generations. It is argued the trauma of their experiences can be located in their writing and, drawing on the works of Freud and trauma theoreticians Cathy Caruth and Ruth Leys in particular, the thesis constructs a theoretical framework which may be applied to post-internment Japanese diasporic writing to reveal the traces of trauma in all generations, traces that are linked to what Freud referred to as a posterior moment that triggered an earlier trauma which the subject may not have experienced personally but which may be lodged in her / her psyche. An examination of the literature of the Japanese diaspora shows that trauma is carried in the language itself and impacted upon the collective psyche of the entire community.
The theoretical model is used to read the tanka poetry written by the immigrant generation, a range of texts by the first American-born generation (including an in-depth analysis of four texts spanning several decades) and the texts written by the third-generation, many of whom did not experience the internment themselves so their motivation and the influence of the internment differed greatly from earlier generations. The thesis concludes with an analysis of David Mura's identification of the link between identity, sexuality and the influence of the internment experience as transmitted by his parents. The future of the Japanese American community and their relationship with their past traumatic experience also makes its way into the conclusion.
12
Goudie, Teresa Makiko. "Intergenerational transmission of trauma and post-internment Japanese diasporic literature." Goudie, Teresa Makiko (2006) Intergenerational transmission of trauma and post-internment Japanese diasporic literature. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/45/.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis examines the literary archive of the Japanese diaspora in North America and uncovers evidence of an intergenerational transmission of trauma after the internment of all peoples of Japanese descent in America during World War Two. Their experience of migration, discrimination and displacement was exacerbated by the internment, the single most influential episode in their history which had a profound effect on subsequent generations. It is argued the trauma of their experiences can be located in their writing and, drawing on the works of Freud and trauma theoreticians Cathy Caruth and Ruth Leys in particular, the thesis constructs a theoretical framework which may be applied to post-internment Japanese diasporic writing to reveal the traces of trauma in all generations, traces that are linked to what Freud referred to as a posterior moment that triggered an earlier trauma which the subject may not have experienced personally but which may be lodged in her / her psyche. An examination of the literature of the Japanese diaspora shows that trauma is carried in the language itself and impacted upon the collective psyche of the entire community.
The theoretical model is used to read the tanka poetry written by the immigrant generation, a range of texts by the first American-born generation (including an in-depth analysis of four texts spanning several decades) and the texts written by the third-generation, many of whom did not experience the internment themselves so their motivation and the influence of the internment differed greatly from earlier generations. The thesis concludes with an analysis of David Mura's identification of the link between identity, sexuality and the influence of the internment experience as transmitted by his parents. The future of the Japanese American community and their relationship with their past traumatic experience also makes its way into the conclusion.
13
Elwakili, Najat. "War-related trauma : forced migrants' experiences of trauma therapy in the treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." Thesis, City, University of London, 2018. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/20918/.
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The world’s biggest forced migration is currently taking place. This population now makes up a considerable proportion of those accessing trauma services in the UK. Narrative exposure therapy (NET) is increasingly used with this population in services across the NHS. However, there are no studies reporting on its acceptability or how this group experiences this narrative and exposure-informed approach. Although the evidence base for the use of NET is promising, it remains symptom-reduction focused. This study sought to capture the accounts of seven forced migrants who had had NET for their PTSD through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Six super-ordinate themes emerged from the data: (1) The struggle with therapy, fear, ambivalence and exposure; (2) Living with loss, pain, grief and uncertainty; (3) Trusting someone else to be your voice; (4) A life more than just trauma – ‘remembering the good and the bad’; (5) From trauma and despair to understanding the big things in life – ‘something to navigate from’; and (6) Reconstructing a sense of self, identity and attachment. The latter three themes reflect new findings in relation to the existing trauma-focused literature for this population, unique to NET. A sub-theme that emerged unanimously from the accounts was NET as ‘shaking up symptoms’. The tangible and experiential aspects of the therapy contributed to participants being able to ‘see the bigger picture’ at a flashback and gestalt level, seeing the ‘self’ as a survivor and as having ‘a life more than just trauma’. Developing a future orientation, reinvesting in the ‘self’, developing a balanced perspective of life and of a ‘self’ that endured more than just trauma, were some of the outcomes. The findings represent real-world subjective outcomes that existing studies on NET for this population have not been able to capture. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
14
Kent, Faith. "Troubled writing : cultural responses to trauma in post-apartheid South Africa." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54664/.
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This thesis proposes that while the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) offers an official lens through which to read South Africa's traumatic past, it has generated a highly problematic historiography. I conceive of apartheid as posing a crisis of representation which presents literary authors, who both support and critique the "healing" process that the government wants to initiate, with a contradiction. In the light of this I argue that post-apartheid fiction writers' engagement with national history exceeds the placatory and symbolic agenda of the TRC, to restore a necessary element of violence to South Africa's process of decolonisation. The first two chapters of the thesis illustrate that the TRC (an institutional response to trauma) attempts to fuse nationalism and psychotherapeutic principles in a hegemonic spectacle of confession, which aims to construct a new national imaginary based on a collective approach to apartheid as historical trauma. I examine testimony, the TRC's published Report and entries to the Register of Reconciliation to show how the form and content of memorial texts are manipulated to predispose public responses to the past, and that it is necessary to go beyond their words to read apartheid's ongoing trauma. The final three chapters analyse fiction and autobiography by Andre Brink, J M Coetzee, Antjie Krog, Rian Malan and Zoe Wicomb, who respond to apartheid's crisis of representation by deliberately agitating the metanarratives of South African literature. The writers use various strategies to restore some of the missing violence to national political transition: a range of literary devices indicates the texts' function as national allegories, in Fredric Jameson's sense. These enable a democratisation and honouring of the past that troubles the grand narratives of nation and affirms the transhistorical potency of literature.
15
Moore, Tal. "Post-traumatic cultural differences in trauma-centered identity and self-consistency." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2012. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48119/.
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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can occur in response to traumatic experiences. Research has shown that the trauma memory may become central to a survivor’s life story and result in a trauma-centred identity. Posttraumatic changes to identity vary across cultures. Trauma-centred identity has been found to be positively associated with PTSD symptoms in individualistic cultures, but not in collectivistic cultures. Cultural differences have also been observed in levels of self-consistency. Individualistic cultures value high levels of consistency, whereas collectivistic cultures promote identity flexibility and adaptation to different social contexts. Several PTSD models describe the involvement of selfconsistency in posttraumatic coping, but research to date has yet to examine cultural variations in self-consistency and their relation to trauma-centred identity and PTSD. The present study investigated the relationships between self-consistency, traumacentred identity and posttraumatic symptoms across cultures. Trauma survivors from individualistic (n= 60 British) and collectivistic (n= 37 Soviets) cultures completed the Centrality of Events Scale, a self-consistency measure, and provided self-defining memories and self-cognitions. Trauma-centred identity was positively associated with posttraumatic symptoms in both cultural groups. Self-consistency was negatively associated with traumacentred identity in the two groups, and with posttraumatic symptoms in the Soviet culture. Mediation analyses indicated that levels of self-consistency mediated the impact of traumacenteredness on the development of PTSD. It can be concluded that, following trauma, selfconsistency appears to be protective for British and Soviets. The clinical implications of the present finding, particularly the benefits of self-consistency in the treatment of clients from British and Soviet cultures, are discussed.
16
Bar-Yitzhak, Rachel. "Stillborn to reborn : a dramatherapy journey from post trauma to recovery." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2010. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/276334/.
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This research explored the role of extra-therapeutic variables contributing to recovery from chronic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Within the context of dramatherapy treatment, those variables were identified as three crucial concepts: 'Client, Post Traumatic' (C.PT), ‘Imaginary Existence Zone’ (IEZ) and 'Time Adjusted Encounters' (TAE). Together they created the notion of a Curative Zone (CZ). Establishing and understanding the significance of these new concepts helped the researcher to explain the PTSD recuperation phenomenon. The research was conducted within the qualitative–naturalistic paradigm, and based on real-life dramatherapeutic occurrences. The choice of an inductive case study approach and design was possible due to the fact that a single individual was willing to participate in this research as an active partner by contributing her reflections on the therapy, four years after its termination. Iris, the client and the collaborating respondent was a childless woman aged 43, who suffered from chronic PTSD for three years following stillbirth of her baby daughter and the repetitive failure of fertility treatments. The findings reveal a direct linkage between: the neurological system and its activation, and the cardinal role of the C.PT during TAE, working through prolonged engagements in the IEZ facilitated by dramatherapy. These processes gradually integrated and synthesized to create the CZ, a development which explains this instance of recovery from chronic PTSD. The conclusions are: the chronic PTSD recovery was a holistic body-mind cure phenomenon. It resulted from the interaction between the extra-therapeutic variables, combined with the curative characteristics of the dramatherapeutic nonverbal imaginative language and activities, which compounded a new synergetic constellation. The research findings contribute to the theory and practice of dramatherapy as a discipline; additionally, the model developed by this research can be potentially applied as an appropriate treatment of PTSD. These conclusions challenge valid psychotherapy knowledge regarding effective therapeutic factors that contribute to successful outcomes. However, in this case they verified credible, dependable and transferable attributes features this naturalistic research. Therefore, they make a contribution to knowledge in the dramatherapy field.
17
Bar-Yitzhak, Rachel. "Stillborn to reborn: a dramatherapy journey from post trauma to recovery." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2010. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/276334/1/Bar-Yitzhak%20PhD%20thesis%202010.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This research explored the role of extra-therapeutic variables contributing to recovery
from chronic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Within the context of dramatherapy
treatment, those variables were identified as three crucial concepts: 'Client, Post
Traumatic' (C.PT), ‘Imaginary Existence Zone’ (IEZ) and 'Time Adjusted Encounters'
(TAE). Together they created the notion of a Curative Zone (CZ). Establishing and
understanding the significance of these new concepts helped the researcher to explain
the PTSD recuperation phenomenon.
The research was conducted within the qualitative–naturalistic paradigm, and based
on real-life dramatherapeutic occurrences. The choice of an inductive case study
approach and design was possible due to the fact that a single individual was
willing to participate in this research as an active partner by contributing her
reflections on the therapy, four years after its termination. Iris, the client and the
collaborating respondent was a childless woman aged 43, who suffered from
chronic PTSD for three years following stillbirth of her baby daughter and the
repetitive failure of fertility treatments.
The findings reveal a direct linkage between: the neurological system and its
activation, and the cardinal role of the C.PT during TAE, working through prolonged
engagements in the IEZ facilitated by dramatherapy. These processes gradually
integrated and synthesized to create the CZ, a development which explains this
instance of recovery from chronic PTSD.
The conclusions are: the chronic PTSD recovery was a holistic body-mind cure
phenomenon. It resulted from the interaction between the extra-therapeutic
variables, combined with the curative characteristics of the dramatherapeutic
nonverbal imaginative language and activities, which compounded a new synergetic
constellation. The research findings contribute to the theory and practice of
dramatherapy as a discipline; additionally, the model developed by this research
can be potentially applied as an appropriate treatment of PTSD. These conclusions
challenge valid psychotherapy knowledge regarding effective therapeutic factors
that contribute to successful outcomes. However, in this case they verified credible,
dependable and transferable attributes features this naturalistic research.
Therefore, they make a contribution to knowledge in the dramatherapy field.
18
Levi, Dejan. "Negotiating tropes of madness : trauma and identity in post-Yugoslav cinemas." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/negotiating-tropes-of-madness-trauma-and-identity-in-postyugoslav-cinemas(70e003f1-291b-4fb4-b14a-b1ec628750c5).html.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines how madness has been used in post-Yugoslav cinemas to facilitate thinking about experiences of the break-up of the SFRY throughout the 1990s and 2000s, its consequences and implications for the future. The study conceptualises post-Yugoslav film cultures as public spheres in which artistic and industrial practices are often combined to create meaning around the core themes of trauma and identity in post-Yugoslav cultures. Working with seven feature-length titles from a range of post-Yugoslav successor states (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Macedonia and Kosovo) I illustrate how images of madness have been essential in the cultural processing of events of the 1990s. Whilst featuring individuals suffering mental instabilities and disturbances, and sometimes asylums or mental health institutions, I contend such films are not ultimately concerned – on a thematic level – with mental health, but instead focus on the use of such characters in a metaphoric capacity for engaging core themes of Yugoslav break-up, conflicts, and difficulties of subsequent transition. Using the semantic/syntactic approach to genre, I identify two common ways in which madness is used on a textual level to engage these core themes. The first of these, the ‘inside-out asylum trope of madness’, is concerned with the use of the asylum in films which assess critically the dominant political ideologies of the successor states in question at a time when political pluralism was not yet established by the transition process. Films discussed include Burlesque Tragedy (Marković, 1995), Marshall Tito’s Spirit (Brešan, 1999), and Kukumi (Qosja, 2005). The second trope is the ‘multiple realities trope of madness’ in which the presentation of diegetic reality on screen is adapted to reflect various conceptualisations of trauma and loss arising from Yugoslav break-up and transition. Here the films include Loving Glances (Karanović, 2003), Fuse (Žalica, 2003), Mirage (Ristovski, 2004) and Land of Truth, Love and Freedom (Petrović, 2000). Across the films selected, it is madness which ultimately provides a diverse pool of metaphors and images for an assessment of Yugoslavia’s traumatic demise and the ensuing process of picking through the debris of its ideology, cultural practices, values and ways of living for precisely what might be salvageable and what should be discarded.
19
Kloep, Megan. "Vicarious Perceptions of Post-Traumatic Growth." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1056.
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Research related to positive psychological reactions following exposure to traumatic events, also known as post-traumatic growth (PTG), has suggested that support from others can facilitate such outcomes. The current study focused on whether people's perceptions of PTG differed based on the gender of a hypothetical survivor and nature of the trauma. Characterological differences amongst those who perceive growth as being more, or less, likely was also of interest. Perceptions of growth were measured in relation to three possible traumatic scenarios (vignettes) that were randomly assigned to participants. Following the vignette, participants completed a variety of self-report measures. Contrary to previous PTG literature, there were no consistent characterological differences among participants who did, and who did not, perceive growth as a possible outcome following trauma exposure. PTG was not related to nature of the trauma or gender of the survivor. Implications for clinical practice and future directions for research are discussed.
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Woodward, Clare Louise. "Processing trauma : studies into post-traumatic stress disorder, eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing and post-traumatic growth." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2901/.
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While PTSD results in various symptomatology, key characteristics concern a sense of being "stuck" on the trauma which keeps the person reliving it through thoughts, feelings and images and a need to avoid anything which reminds them of the trauma. Such avoidance is suggested to prevent the opportunity for processing and integrating the distressing material. One key clinical question is how to help the person work through their trauma without them becoming overwhelmed by trauma symptoms? Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new technique that has been reported to help PTSD sufferers reduce the intensity and intrusiveness of traumatic thoughts and images. Despite the growing clinical evidence of the effectiveness of EMDR, a strong debate exists within the research literature regarding its empirical and theoretical validity. One aspect of this dissertation is an experimental study looking at the role of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing and testing a working memory model of "distress reduction". Of course not everyone who experiences a traumatic event will go on to develop PTSD. An often neglected area of trauma investigation is how some individuals experience positive change and personal growth as a result of their traumatic experiences. This is an area that is now beginning to receive some attention and has been termed Posttraumatic Growth (PTG). The move away from looking exclusively at the impact of trauma to consider how people who have experienced trauma might construct a more positive understanding of themselves in the light of the trauma forms the main section of this dissertation. This exploratory study uses personal experience narratives of posttraumatic growth.
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Djohari, Natalie. "Embracing trauma : youth, human rights and political engagement in 'post-war' Guatemala." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445588.
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Georgiades, Electra. "Trauma, company and witnessing in Samuel Beckett's post-war drama, 1952-61." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/trauma-company-and-witnessing-in-samuel-becketts-postwar-drama-195261(761f1fce-cdb0-4262-8494-f622914960ba).html.
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The present thesis examines the interrelation between the dynamics of human company and the psychoanalytic concept of witnessing in Samuel Beckett’s major post-war drama. The analysis provided concentrates primarily on 'Waiting for Godot' (1952), 'Endgame' (1957), and 'Happy Days' (1962) and situates these plays within a post-war framework, while examining their stylistic qualities and thematic concerns within the context of trauma studies. To trace and expose the overwhelming presence of trauma in the plays, I focus on the treatment of form and content and expand on existing critical readings by proposing that both form and content simultaneously internalise the symptoms, the rhythms and the processes of traumatic memory and experience. Demonstrating that the theatrical performance is adequately suited to represent and give embodied form to trauma, I then discuss the viability and significance of approaching Beckett’s post-war trilogy as testimonial drama. Testimonial drama, I argue, embodies the symptoms of trauma both thematically and structurally, and effectively manages to testify to its historical context through the act of being performed in front of an audience, in front of a human witness. By acknowledging the physical presence of the audience, the theatrical performance manages to create the witness to its struggle to testify, as the Beckett stage mutates into a key site of interaction between trauma, theatre and history. Focusing then on the condition of memory, language and the body, I suggest that they constitute three primary sites for the manifestation of unprocessed traumatic experience and question agency, subjectivity and the availability of choice in the aftermath of massive historical trauma. This discussion is followed by the assessment of the nature, purpose and value of human company in the traumatic aftermath. Human company, I argue, is fundamentally related to past trauma. It is decisively shaped by the collapse of social structures, the loss of communality and the absence of witnessing, emerging as a compelling human need that is compulsively longed for, sought out and maintained while reducing individual identity to role-play. A product of a deeply traumatic history, human company also surfaces as a means of resistance to historical horrors as the human other serves as a vital source of solace, support and communality, while providing with his or her physical presence the much-needed human witness to one’s existence. A key trope of Beckett’s post-war drama, human company foregrounds the status of the trilogy as a profound artistic and ethical response to the horrors of the Second World War, as the need for the human other as a witness – exposed both thematically and structurally – opens up the possibility for witnessing and testimony to take place in the aftermath of a historical period which precluded its own witnessing.
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Leibovitz, Amanda Patricia. "Coaching Athletes with Post-Traumatic Stress: Exploring Trauma-Related Competencies and Coaching Efficacy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707363/.
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The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) assess cycling coaches' trauma-related competencies, as measured by trauma knowledge (i.e., trauma-specific education, familiarity with post-traumatic stress [PTS]), stigma of persons with PTS (i.e., fear/dangerousness, help/interact, forcing treatment, negative emotions), and interpersonal skills (i.e., self-reported emotional intelligence, perceived quality of coach-athlete relationships); and (b) examine the influence that trauma knowledge and stigma of persons with PTS has on coaching efficacy specific to coaching trauma-impacted athletes (i.e., trauma-informed coaching efficacy), after controlling for general coaching experience. Descriptive statistics indicated the majority of coaches had no trauma-specific education, a high degree of familiarity with PTS, and a low level of stigma via four attribution variables. Moreover, participants highly appraised their own emotional intelligence, the quality of their coach-athlete relationships, and their trauma-informed coaching efficacy. A hierarchical regression analyses indicated that familiarity with PTS helped to explain additional variance in trauma-informed coaching efficacy over and above demographic and general coach experience variables. The study establishes trauma-informed coaching as a distinct area of research and highlights the need for improved continuing education opportunities for coaches related to psychological trauma and PTS.
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Sharma, Jyotsana. "Socio-cultural contexts in trauma recovery and post trauma growth in women who experienced intimate partner violence: A social constructivist lens." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91891.
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Trauma recovery and post trauma growth are two desirable outcomes of a traumatic event. Meaning-making and narrative development are two processes that support both trauma recovery and post trauma growth. The way in which we make meaning or develop stories about the events in our lives however, are governed by socio-cultural contexts. Social constructivism emphasizes that the way in which individuals think, feel, and act are engrained in her being early on by the social and cultural networks that surround her. Therefore, even though an individual may think that she is generating a thought or making a choice, these processes have already been influenced by socio-cultural contexts long before she learned how to speak or formulate a worldview. This study aimed to examine the lived experiences of women who have been through intimate partner violence, tracing their journey towards trauma recovery and post trauma growth, and trying to find how and the extent to which their journeys were affected by socio-cultural contexts. This study takes a social constructivist lens that emphasizes the effects of our socio-cultural environment on individual meaning-making, narrative development, and decision making post trauma. The results of the study indicate that socio-cultural contexts play a significant role in individual responses to trauma like intimate partner violence, and there are socio-cultural components that can facilitate trauma recovery and post trauma growth.Doctor of Philosophy
When human beings experience adverse events in life, they can develop a traumatic response to the event. Traumatic response however, is just one possibility. Sometimes individuals who have been through events that have led to a trauma response can also experience resilience, recovery, and even growth. The way in which human beings respond is not only in their power but is also influenced by their environment. Socio-cultural contexts that surround us influence the way in which we make meaning of life events and develop stories or narratives regarding those events. This purpose of this study was to find whether socio-cultural contexts affected women who had experienced intimate partner violence in their meaning-making and narrative development, and how these influences played out in their decision making process post trauma. The study intended to find to what extent trauma recovery and post trauma growth could be influenced by socio-cultural contexts. Additionally, the study wanted to explore how professional counselors may contribute to survivor’s journeys. The results indicate that socio-cultural contexts deeply influence the process of meaning-making and narrative development, thereby affecting trauma recovery and post trauma growth. Additionally, results indicate that professional counselors can play an essential role in facilitating processes that lead to recovery and growth post trauma.
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Carter, Benjamin Hammond Weathers Frank W. "Reliability and concurrent validity of three self-report measures of trauma exposure." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1842.
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Ruggiero, Kenneth J. "Trauma, criterion A, and posttraumatic stress disorder scientific utility and definitional validity /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2057.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 107, 10 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-65).
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Gaddoni, Luca. "Disordini posturali nel paziente con atassia post-stroke cerebellare e post trauma cerebellare, indagine sugli interventi riabilitativi: Scoping Review." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24563/.
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Background: l’atassia è il segno più rilevante della costellazione semeiologica cerebellare. Il disequilibrio è chiaramente evidente nella marcia e quando si pone il paziente in stazione eretta. Tra le patologie che causano atassia vi sono lo stroke cerebellare e i traumi cerebellari. Indagare sui migliori trattamenti possibili per i soggetti colpiti da queste condizioni patologiche può essere utile per inquadrare le proposte riabilitative.
Obiettivo: l’obiettivo di questa Scoping Review è quello di fornire una panoramica sulle attuali evidenze che riguardano i principi di trattamento volti a migliorare i disordini posturali nei soggetti con atassia cerebellare secondaria a trauma cerebellare o a stroke cerebellare.
Metodi: nel periodo giugno-settembre 2021 sono state indagate le banche dati: PubMed, CENTRAL (Cochrane Library) e PEDro. Dalla ricerca iniziale sono stati ottenuti 36 articoli. Dopo aver escluso gli articoli che non rispettavano i criteri di eleggibilità, sono stati selezionati 8 studi. Sono stati inclusi tutti gli articoli con riferimenti alle metodiche riabilitative per disordini posturali nei soggetti con atassia post-stroke e trauma cerebellare.
Risultati: i risultati degli studi considerati sono particolarmente eterogenei. Quattro studi prendono i considerazione l’utilizzo del Treadmill che risulta essere positivo su questi soggetti. Altri approcci riabilitativi devono essere maggiormente indagati; un punto di incontro comune si trova nel rinforzo dei muscoli della Core Stability e nella progressività della riabilitazione.
Conclusioni: in funzione dei risultati ottenuti, l’utilizzo del Treadmill e il rinforzo di muscoli del tronco, con conseguente miglioramento del controllo posturale, sono approcci utili nella riabilitazione del soggetto atassico. Ulteriori studi dovranno chiarire il corretto approccio riabilitativo volto ad intervenire sui disordini posturali dei pazienti con atassia cerebellare post-stroke o post trauma cerebellare.
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Rahtz, Emmylou. "The trauma of trauma : a prospective study of psychological distress following physical injury." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8977.
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Background: People who experience physical trauma face a range of psychosocial outcomes. These may be overlooked by busy clinicians. While some risk factors are understood, our understanding of the psychological effects of violent injury remains limited. Furthermore, there has been little research on the effect of facial trauma. Although changes to appearance can be distressing, the effects of these have not been studied in traumatic injury patients. Aims: To establish the prevalence and persistence of psychological distress and appearance concerns following injury. To compare the psychological outcomes in i) violent and accidental injury and ii) facial and other injury, and iii) to identify explanatory risk factors for psychological distress. Methods: Participants were adults admitted to the Royal London Hospital with traumatic injuries. Two hundred and twenty five participants (225) completed questionnaires in hospital. Follow up was at three months (N = 100) and six months (N = 112). Standardised measures were used to assess symptoms of post-traumatic stress (PTSS) (Acute Stress Disorder Scale, PTSD Checklist), depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and appearance concern (Derriford Appearance Scale). Explanatory measures were collected, including history of mental health. Data were analysed in logistic and linear regressions, using multilevel models. Results: PTSS and depressive symptoms affected 28% and 33% respectively at baseline. At six months, 27% and 31% respectively reported these symptoms. After adjusting for demographic factors, violent injury was associated with increased PTSS (OR 6.44, CI 1.75 to 23.75), depressive symptoms (OR 4.78, CI 1.41 to 16.18) and appearance concern (2.78, CI 0.09 to 5.47). A history of mental health problems increased distress. Conclusions: There were high levels of psychological distress in this sample. Violent injury was associated with a complex interaction of social and psychological factors. People vulnerable to distress may benefit from psychological support. Hospital admission provides a unique opportunity to engage them in interventions.
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Frame, Lucy. "Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms following hospitalisation for acute psychosis : sources of trauma." Thesis, Bangor University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263185.
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Bracken, Pat. "Trauma and the age of postmodernity : a hermemeutic approach to post traumatic anxiety." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3101/.
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Robson, Kathryn Anne. "Writing wounds : the inscription of trauma in post-1968 French women's life-writing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620235.
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Psoinos, Charles M. "Predictors of Post-injury Mortality in Elderly Patients with Trauma: A Master's Thesis." eScholarship@UMMS, 2016. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/863.
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Background: Traumatic injury remains a major cause of mortality in the US. Older Americans experience lower rates of injury and higher rates of death at lower injury severity than their younger counterparts. The objectives of this study were to explore pre-injury factors and injury patterns that are associated with post-discharge mortality among injured elderly surviving index hospitalization.
Methods: We queried a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries (n=2,002,420) for any hospitalization with a primary ICD-9 diagnosis code for injury. Patients admitted without urgent/emergent admission were excluded, as well as patients presenting from inpatient hospitalization or rehabilitation. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Patients were categorized into three mortality groups: death within 0-30 days, 31-90 days, or 91- 365 days post-discharge from the index hospitalization. These groups were compared with those who survived greater than one year post-discharge. Univariate tests of association and multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to identify factors associated with mortality during the 3 examined periods.
Results: 83,439 elderly patients (4.2%) were admitted with new injuries. 63,628 met inclusion criteria. 1,936 patients (3.0%) died during their index hospitalization, 2,410 (3.8%) died within 0-30 days, 3,084 (4.8%) died within 31-90 days, and 5,718 (9.0%) died within 91- 365 days after discharge. In multivariable adjusted models, advanced age, male sex, and higher Elixhauser score were associated with post-discharge mortality. The presence of critical injury had the greatest effect on mortality early after injury (0-30 days, OR 1.81, CI 1.64-2.00). Discharge to anywhere other than home without services was associated with an increased odds of dying.
Conclusions: Socio-demographic characteristics, disposition, and co-morbid factors were the strongest predictors of post-discharge mortality. Efforts to reduce injury-related mortality should focus on injury prevention and modification of co-morbidities.
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Robson, Kathryn. "Writing wounds : the inscription of trauma in post-1968 French women's life-writing /." Amsterdam : Rodopi, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39211083x.
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Wason, Sonali. "Psychological Reactions Post-athletic Injury| A Trauma-Informed Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy Approach." Thesis, Azusa Pacific University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10931361.
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This study presents a group therapy program for injured athletes recovering from a traumatic physical injury to address and provide coping skills for the trauma-related symptoms athletes may experience post-athletic injury. Eleven expert reviewers in the field of sport psychology, injury rehabilitation, and athletic development reviewed the program and provided feedback regarding the utility, accuracy, organization, applicability, and additional factors. Although reviewers noted traumatic reactions are experienced by a sub-group of athletes, they also generally agreed the group therapy program could aid in clinical work and reduce trauma-related distress experienced by athletes after an injury and provide social support within a safe environment, allowing discussion and sharing of experiences with one another.
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Rabold, Christopher. "A study of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in poly-trauma patients." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12197.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityIntroduction: A paucity of research has been performed to understand the prevalence and predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in patients who have experienced multiple blunt forced traumas. These two disorders are very debilitating for the patients who are affected, thus it is important to understand who may be at greatest risk and what factors predict poor outcomes in order to design interventions aimed at decreasing the negative psychological consequence of traumatic injury. Aims and Hypotheses: Our goals are to examine if there is a relationship between gender and the prevalence of depression, if an open fracture leads to an increased prevalence of depression, and if there is a link between a patient’s length of stay in the hospital and depression. In regards to PTSD we wanted to investigate if there was a significant relationship between gender and PTSD, and if there was a strong relationship between a patient’s past trauma and an increased risk of developing PTSD after subsequent trauma.. We believed that women would have a higher prevalence of depression and PTSD. We also expected that patients with open fractures, and patients with longer stays in the hospital, would all have a higher prevalence of depression. We also hypothesized that patients with past traumas would have a higher prevalence of PTSD. [TRUNCATED]
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Wheater, Kerry Lee. "Spouses’ experience of secondary trauma among emergency services personnel." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5004.
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Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW)Emergency services personnel are potentially exposed to events involving trauma, suffering and tragedy on a daily basis, which could consequently lead to secondary trauma and post- traumatic stress symptoms. The images and feelings that are associated with continuously being exposed to traumatic situations are not limited to the emergency services personnel, who are primarily exposed to the event, but these events can also have an effect on the significant others in their environment, such as their spouses. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of secondary trauma among the spouses of emergency services personnel. The research study followed a qualitative research approach, which provided in-depth descriptions and understandings of the participants’ secondary trauma experiences. The research design was explorative and descriptive in nature. Purposive sampling was used to select eight (8) participants, who were the spouses of emergency services personnel. The data was collected by means of semi-structured individual interviews and was analysed according to Creswell. Various research findings indicated that secondary trauma was prevalent in the emergency services industry and, in this current study, most participants indicated that it impacted their marital relationships. The experiences of secondary trauma among the spouses of emergency services personnel stemmed from their partners’ repeated exposure to trauma, managing everyday job stress, safety fears, behavioural changes, dealing with their partners’ emotional reactivity and emotional withdrawal from the family, following trauma exposure. Based on some of the suggestions provided by all the participants, the researcher concluded the study with recommendations for future practice and future research, the main recommendation being that organisational support systems be made available to spouses and families of emergency services personnel.
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Hallett, Claudia Margaret Elaine. "An experimental trauma film study to investigate the role of peri-traumatic cognitive processing on post-event PTSD symptoms and trauma memory." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-experimental-trauma-film-study-to-investigate-to-investigate-the-role-of-peritraumatic-cognitive-processing-on-postevent-ptsd-symptoms-and-trauma-memory(b01bbfce-1db2-4a24-b847-aa833df4b226).html.
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BACKGROUND: In recent years there has been emerging empirical support for the hypothesis that the mode of processing adopted in relation to trauma can impact upon outcomes in trauma-exposed individuals. Specifically “abstract” and “concrete” cognitive processing styles have been found to exert negative and positive outcomes respectively. However, at present the mechanisms by which these processing modes exert their effects on outcomes remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: By means of a systematic narrative review, we investigated the effects of “abstract” and “concrete” cognitive processing styles on outcomes in trauma-exposed individuals, and looked for evidence of the possible mechanisms by which these processing modes may be operating. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were published in a peer-reviewed journal, conducted on an adult population, included exposure to a trauma or an analogue trauma/stressor, as well as containing a manipulation or measurement of either “abstract” or “concrete” processing. RESULTS: 12 articles were included in the review, providing data from 14 studies. Eight studies were experimental in design, four were cross-sectional and two were longitudinal. Abstract processing was shown to lower mood, increase intrusions and levels of arousal. CONCLUSIONS: Abstract processing may be a cognitive avoidance strategy, which hinders the emotional processing of trauma, and thus perpetuates traumatic symptoms. Future studies should examine the effects of processing mode on appraisals of and memory for the trauma in order to shed further light on this cognitive processing mechanism.
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Walker, Jack. "Post-trauma response in children and adolescents : prevalence of acute stress symptoms and how these predict chronic post-traumatic stress." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2018. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/69037/.
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A significant minority of children and adolescents experience symptoms of acute stress following exposure to a traumatic event, some of whom will meet criteria for Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) within the first month post-trauma. Current estimates of ASD prevalence vary greatly. In order to reach a more reliable estimate, a meta-analysis of ASD prevalence was conducted which comprised of 17 studies. The impact of moderators, including trauma type and method by which ASD was assessed, provided significant. Results are discussed within the context of the relatively small number of studies that met inclusion criteria, high levels of heterogeneity, and risk of bias. Many children and adolescents who have ASD will experience a period of natural recovery in the months that follow. However, previous research has identified that for a minority of youth, ASD symptoms will remain persistent beyond the first month; meeting criteria for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The trajectory to either recovery or PTSD in youth who met criteria for ASD was explored, based upon their initial symptom profile. Of youth who met full ASD criteria, sleeping difficulties in the acute phase were associated with later PTSD. However, when using subthreshold ASD criteria, two additional symptoms showed an association. These findings are discussed with relation to the screening and assessment of children and adolescents, as well as early selective interventions, following exposure to a traumatic event.
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Conover, Andrea. "Post-Wartime vs. Post-War Time: Temporality and Trauma in Jacob's Room, Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse, and The Years." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1195.
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In these novels, Woolf demonstrates the ways in which wartime trauma affects post-war life, from the societal trauma of losing an entire generation in Jacob’s Room, to the continuation of wartime beyond the end of the war for traumatized soldiers and anyone whose lives they touch in Mrs. Dalloway, to recovery through the creation of art and family ties in To the Lighthouse, to the question of futurity inherent in wartime trauma in The Years.
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Levey, Elizabeth J., Bizu Gelaye, Karestan Koenen, Qiu-Yue Zhong, Archana Basu, Sixto E. Sanchez, David C. Henderson, Michelle A. Williams, and Marta B. Rondón. "Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder in a cohort of pregnant Peruvian women." Springer-Verlag Wien, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622313.
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.Women have a higher prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than men, with a peak during the reproductive years. PTSD during pregnancy adversely impacts maternal and infant health outcomes. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of antepartum PTSD symptoms in a population of pregnant Peruvian women and to examine the impact of number of traumatic events and type of trauma experienced. The Traumatic Events Questionnaire was used to collect data about traumatic exposures. The Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) was used to assess PTSD. Multivariable logistic regression procedures were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Three thousand three hundred seventy-two pregnant women were interviewed. Of the 2920 who reported experiencing one or more traumatic events, 41.8% met criteria for PTSD (PCL-C score ≥ 26). A quarter of participants had experienced four or more traumas, and 60.5% of those women had PTSD. Interpersonal trauma was most strongly associated with PTSD (aOR, 3.20; 95% CI, 2.74-3.74), followed by unspeakable trauma (aOR, 2.87; 95% CI, 2.35-3.50), and structural trauma (aOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.15-1.67). These findings indicate the high prevalence of PTSD during pregnancy in the Peruvian population, which is relevant to other countries suffering from terrorism, war, or high rates of violence. This underscores the importance of screening for PTSD in pregnancy.
Revisión por pares
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Murphy, Robin Marie Merrick. "Post-9/11 Rhetorical Theory and Composition Pedagogy: Fostering Trauma Rhetorics as Civic Space." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1180024360.
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Nelson, Briana S. "Systemic effects of trauma a quantitative study of individual and relational post-traumatic stress /." Full text available online (restricted access) Full text available online (restricted access), 1998. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/nelson.pdf.
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Alberici, Alice. "Trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder and safety-seeking behaviours in children and adolescents." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/66567/.
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Background: a significant portion of young people exposed to traumatic events (TEs) such as road traffic accidents or violence, develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Most research focuses on trauma-exposed populations such as child victims of natural disasters. There has also been a trend to look at cognitive aspects of models of PTSD rather than behavioural. Although safety-seeking behaviours have been highlighted in PTSD models as an important mechanism in PTSD, no current child measure of safety-seeking behaviours exists. Aims: the first aim was to provide a synthesis of population-based school-related studies and calculate pooled prevalence rates for TEs and PTSD. A further aim was to develop and explore the psychometric properties of a novel Child Safety Behaviour Scale (CSBS) in both school pupils and existing data from a sample of trauma-exposed young persons with or without a clinical diagnosis of PTSD. Method: a systematic review conducted between 1980 and 2016 produced 687 studies, 14 of which met the inclusion criteria. In the empirical study a battery of questionnaires was administered to 391 school pupils (aged 12-15 years). This was combined with existing data of 68 (8-17 years) children who completed the CSBS previously. Results: rates of cross-cultural TE exposure were 50.0% and 7.8% for PTSD. All studies were high quality but mostly US-based. The CSBS demonstrated good psychometric properties and a weak, possible two-factor structure. Safety-seeking behaviours, negative appraisals, number of trauma types, cognitive avoidance and rumination were significant predictors of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Conclusions: the high rates of TE and PTSD observed in this review calls for more cross-cultural research within population-based school samples and necessitates the integration of mental health and education services. Further, the CSBS may be a useful tool both for clinical monitoring and within research to further examine the role of safety-seeking behaviours in PTSD.
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Tranter, Rhys Edward. "Ill seen Ill said : trauma, representation and subjectivity in Samuel Beckett's post-war writing." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/59995/.
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Over the last two decades, our understanding of Samuel Beckett’s life and work has been expanded by an unprecedented number of biographies, memoirs and personal correspondence published for the first time. As a result, academic research has been able to plot a series of connections between the writer’s literary work and the cultural and historical moments that shaped it. Beckett has been hailed as a poet whose work engages like no other with the atrocities of the Second World War. This thesis takes as its starting point an issue that often arises in evaluations of the writer, but which has never before been explored in detail: the theme of trauma. With reference to the work of prominent contemporary theorists, this project elucidates what we mean by the term trauma, and why it can be useful to our understanding of Samuel Beckett’s work. Drawing on the writings of Sigmund Freud, Cathy Caruth, and others, this thesis diagnoses traumatic symptoms and gestures in Beckett’s post-war writing. It identifies the role that ‘acting out’ and ‘working through’ plays in some of his late theatrical texts. And, moreover, the thesis begins to trace the role that trauma can play in our understanding of language and meaning. Adopting a broadly poststructuralist view, this study engages with texts by Maurice Blanchot and Jacques Derrida to ask how trauma challenges the status of language and the Western humanist subject. It will demonstrate how how trauma problematises our understanding of walking and thinking in Beckett’s post-war prose; where the presence of live theatrical production is unsettled by traumatic repetition; and why Beckett’s plays for radio undermine our expectations of twentieth-century modernity. While charting the way that Beckett uses and adapts traumatic themes and ideas, the thesis observes how the term signals a broader crisis in Western humanist understandings of time, place and identity.
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Smart, Melanie J. "The role of emotional approach coping in facilitating post-traumatic growth after medical trauma." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31230.
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Individuals who suffer a traumatic medical event, such as diagnosis of life-threatening illness or invasive treatment, are now recognised as at significant risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and PTSD symptomology (DSM-IV, (American Psychiatric Association, 1994)). Yet, these individuals also have the opportunity to transform their negative experience into a positive, life-changing experience; a process known as posttraumatic growth (PTG) (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996). Given this apparent dichotomy, this review attempts to integrate the literature on these phenomena, to identify the common variables involved in producing these outcomes. Published studies were included if they focused on adult medical populations (of 18 years and above) and assessed predictor variables of either PTSD or PTG. Exclusion criteria applied to studies were; articles where samples included family and carers, studies that implemented interventions, qualitative studies and studies without objective, standardised psychometric measures. A total of 27 studies were included in this review (18 PTSD; 9 PTG). Similarities and dichotomies in the literature were found, indicating that both phenomena may be inextricably linked. In general, sociodemographic and medical variables showed inconclusive patterns of prediction. Instead psychological and interpersonal factors, namely personality and coping styles, were found to have a consistent influence on outcomes. Methodological limitations and recommended future directions in the research are discussed, as are the implications for clinical practice.
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Brandt, Nicola. "Emerging landscapes : memory, trauma and its afterimage in post-apartheid Namibia and South Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9dfe7938-670a-40fc-a063-5617c0503fcd.
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Visual records of place remain to a large degree inadequate when attempting to make visible the ephemeral states of consciousness that underlie the damage wrought by brutal regimes, let alone make visible the extraordinary histories and power structures encoded in images and views. This practice-led dissertation examines an emerging critical landscape genre in post-apartheid South Africa and Namibia, and its relationship to specific themes such as identity, belonging, trauma and memory. The landscape genre was traditionally considered inadequate to use in expressions of resistance under apartheid, particularly in the socially conscious and reformist discourse of South African documentary photography. I argue that, as a result of historical and cultural shifts after the demise of apartheid in 1994, a shift in aesthetic and subject matter has occurred, one that has led to a more rigorous and interventionist engagement with the landscape genre. I demonstrate how, after 1994, photographers of the long-established documentary tradition, which was meant to record 'what is there' in a sharp, clear, legible and impartial manner, would continue to draw on devices of the documentary aesthetic, but in a more idiosyncratic way. I show how these post-apartheid, documentary landscapes both disrupt and complicate the conventional expectations involved in converting visual fields into knowledge. I further investigate, through my own experimental documentary work, the ideologically fraught aspects of landscape representation with their links to Calvinist and German Romantic aesthetics. I appropriate and disrupt certain tropes still prevalent in popular landscape depictions. I do this in an effort to reveal the complex and troubled relationship that these traditions share with issues of willed historical amnesia and recognition in contemporary Namibia. Through my practice and the examination of other photographers' and artists' work, this project aims to further a self-reflective and critical approach to the genre of landscape and issues of identity in post-apartheid South Africa and Namibia.
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Mai, Nadin. "The aesthetics of absence and duration in the post-trauma cinema of Lav Diaz." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22990.
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Aiming to make an intervention in both emerging Slow Cinema and classical Trauma Cinema scholarship, this thesis demonstrates the ways in which the post-trauma cinema of Filipino filmmaker Lav Diaz merges aesthetics of cinematic slowness with narratives of post-trauma in his films Melancholia (2008), Death in the Land of Encantos (2007) and Florentina Hubaldo, CTE (2012). Diaz has been repeatedly considered as representative of what Jonathan Romney termed in 2004 “Slow Cinema”. The director uses cinematic slowness for an alternative approach to an on-screen representation of post-trauma. Contrary to popular trauma cinema, Diaz’s portrait of individual and collective trauma focuses not on the instantenaeity but on the duration of trauma. In considering trauma as a condition and not as an event, Diaz challenges the standard aesthetical techniques used in contemporary Trauma Cinema, as highlighted by Janet Walker (2001, 2005), Susannah Radstone (2001), Roger Luckhurst (2008) and others. Diaz’s films focus instead on trauma’s latency period, the depletion of a survivor’s resources, and a character’s slow psychological breakdown. Slow Cinema scholarship has so far focused largely on the films’ aesthetics and their alleged opposition to mainstream cinema. Little work has been done in connecting the films’ form to their content. Furthermore, Trauma Cinema scholarship, as trauma films themselves, has been based on the immediate and most radical signs of post-trauma, which are characterised by instantaneity; flashbacks, sudden fears of death and sensorial overstimulation. Following Lutz Koepnick’s argument that slowness offers “intriguing perspectives” (Koepnick, 2014: 191) on how trauma can be represented in art, this thesis seeks to consider the equally important aspects of trauma duration, trauma’s latency period and the slow development of characteristic symptoms. With the present work, I expand on current notions of Trauma Cinema, which places emphasis on speed and the unpredictability of intrusive memories. Furthermore, I aim to broaden the area of Slow Cinema studies, which has so far been largely focused on the films’ respective aesthetics, by bridging form and content of the films under investigation. Rather than seeing Diaz’s slow films in isolation as a phenomenon of Slow Cinema, I seek to connect them to the existing scholarship of Trauma Cinema studies, thereby opening up a reading of his films.
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Le, Kim Thu. "Tam-giao cultural expression and representations of post-war trauma in Vietnamese visual arts." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2192.
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This study identifies Tam-giao, a combination of three philosophies, Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism whose use is reflected in Vietnamese visual arts, and examines the role of Tam-giao in Vietnamese post war art since 1975. The research contextualizes interviews with Vietnamese artists who use post traumatic themes in their artworks, revealing how Tam-giao cultural expression reflects individual and communal concerns. The forms of post war trauma are codified and illustrated through artistic case studies.
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Van, Male Lynn M. "Autonomic characteristics of sexual trauma survivors /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988705.
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Ronca, Kristen E. "THE IMPACT OF COMPLEX POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN IN IMPOVERISHED URBAN COMMUNITIES." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/497513.
Full textAbstract:
Urban BioethicsM.A.
American children growing up in poor urban communities experience a disproportionate amount of direct and indirect violence in addition to the challenges of growing up with limited resources. Due to high amounts of physical and structural violence in these communities, urban youth are at increased risk for complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) and its associated sequelae, such as asthma, obesity, diabetes, and behavioral problems. Evidence demonstrates that sexual abuse and repeated interpersonal trauma leads to more intense symptomatology than traditional post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and traumatic events in early childhood predisposes one to a C-PTSD reaction. This literature review of complex trauma serves to further validate the need for modern psychiatry to recognize C-PTSD as a diagnosis and to identify treatment interventions for this vulnerable population.
Temple University--Theses