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1
Atilgan, Yonca. "The Reconstruction Of Europe From Post-ww Ii To Post-cold War." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609371/index.pdf.
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&lsquo<br>The reconstruction of Europe&rsquo<br>is a subject covering a quite long period that has seen various outstanding historical events changing the geography and power distribution in Europe, and in the politics of international relations within a general framework. This study underlines the impact of geopolitical setting in the post-WW II and the post-Cold War periods to understand the acts of actors and related outcomes in the reconstruction of Europe. By the comparison of reconstructive acts and ingredients of the foreign policy strategies in both periods, this study attempts to reach the conclusion that &lsquo<br>the geographical position&rsquo<br>and the &lsquo<br>capability to implement&rsquo<br>defines states&rsquo<br>foreign policy structuring. The policy choice and instruments of the US in the post-WW II period for the reconstruction of Europe and the policy choice and instruments of West European countries for the reconstruction of Central and Eastern Europe, via the EU and enlargement strategy, in the post- Cold War period has been the focal point of this study to support the argument mentioned above.
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Heleta, Savo. "Post-war reconstruction and development: a collective case study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008049.
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Since the end of the Cold War, there has been a surge in post-war stabilisation, reconstruction and development operations around the world. Externally driven efforts have been shaped by the liberal peace framework, which assumes that a rapid transmission or imposition of neo-liberal norms and values, combined with Western-style governance institutions, would create conditions for lasting peace and prosperity. Only in a few instances countries have attempted internally driven post-war reconstruction and development; in most cases, these efforts were either ignored or suppressed by international analysts, experts, academics and organisations. Despite all the expertise and funding spent since the early 1990s, externally driven operations have not led to lasting peace and stability, establishment of functioning institutions, eradication of poverty, livelihood improvements and economic reconstruction and development in war-torn countries. All too often, programmes, policies and „solutions‟ were designed and imposed by external actors either because they worked elsewhere or because they were influenced by geopolitical, economic and/or security interests of powerful countries. Furthermore, external actors have tended to assume that generic approaches based on the liberal peace framework can work in all places, while ignoring local actors, contexts and knowledge. Focusing on Bosnia and Herzegovina, South Sudan and Somaliland, this exploratory qualitative study critically explores and assesses both externally and internally driven post-war reconstruction and development practices and operations in order to understand the strengths and shortcomings of both approaches and offer recommendations for future improvements. This is important since socio-economic recovery and economic development are crucial for lasting stability and peace in post-war countries.
3
Billaud, Julie. "Malalay's sisters : women's public visibility in 'post war/reconstruction' Afghanistan." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/2396/.
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This thesis investigates the modalities and conditions of Afghan women's reappearance in the public domain following the downfall of the Taliban regime. Based on a twelvemonth ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 2007 among different groups of women (women MPs, women's rights activists, female University Students) mostly based in Kabul, I study women's responses to various social anxieties that have emerged as a consequence of this new visibility. I argue that while the current ‘reconstruction' project has opened new possibilities for women and created new imaginaries pertaining to their role in society, the ideological framework (i.e liberal notions of equality and human rights etc.) on which it is grounded together with the strong military presence of foreign troops, have fuelled tensions at different levels of the Afghan society. Pressurized by their community to remain faithful to their ‘culture', ‘religion' and ‘tradition' on one hand, and encouraged to access the public and become ‘visible' by global forces on the other hand, women have been left with little choice but to adapt and find alternative ways to preserve a sense of autonomy. I describe these tactics as ‘oppositional practices of everyday life' (De Certeau 1984), i.e complex practices of dissimulation which under the necessary appearance of compliance and conformity allow women to reconfigure social norms and create new spaces for themselves. More generally, this work engages with issues such as nationalism, Islam, gender, veiling, modernity, agency, rights and the public sphere.
4
Vetsopoulos, Apostolos. "The economic dimensions of the Marshall Plan in Greece, 1947-1952." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317677/.
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This thesis concerns the economic dimensions of the Marshall Plan in Greece from 1947 to 1952. The Marshall Aid Program and Mission contributed to the reconstruction and development of the Greek economy after the destruction of World War II and the Greek Civil War. However, because of the shortcomings of its backward economy, Greece was a special case in the implementation of the Marshall Plan in Europe. In particular, the problems of inefficiency and corruption influenced political and social issues on the decision-making process, while uniquely, the Marshall planners tried to create institutions in order to facilitate reconstruction and to improve Greek people's life. The implementation of the Marshall Plan aimed at the development of the Greek economy parallel to the economic development of the other European countries. The Marshall Plan tried to help the backward Greek economy participate in international trade, and created the foundations for the post-war development of the Greek economy. The principal argument of the thesis is that the Greek economy was too weak to absorb fully the enormous aid granted because private and state investments were too negligible to meet further economic development, while a number of Greek politicians and bourgeoisie prevented the implementation of the economic programme. This forced the American Marshall planners to 'freeze' a great part of the aid in order to cover the budget deficit and to hold inflation. The 'frozen' aid 'counterpart funds' were utilised in the two fiscal years following June 1952. Therefore, in the post-war period, the Marshall Plan was the first systematic effort to stabilise the Greek economy, thereby in due course enabling Greece to join the European Economic Community in 1980.
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Katkhouda, Roula. "Affordable Housing in the Suburbs of Beirut: Prospects in Post-War Reconstruction." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95579.
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This thesis examines the recent affordable housing development that is occuring in the suburbs of Beirut as part of the post-Civil War reconstruction activities in Lebanon. It investigates the social, economic, political and urban factors that influence this phenomenon. Starting with tracing the urban evolution of Beirut and its suburbs from the pre-war phase, the study conducts a critical appraisal of the planning approach for post-war reconstruction of the metropolitan city proposed by the public sector. Sixty individual housing projects, surveyed in the summer of 1994, are then subjected to a detailed analysis in their physical (architectural), social and economic aspects. A hypothetical model of affordable residential developments in the suburbs as permitted by the zoning regulations is elaborated, to assess their preliminary financial feasibility in terms of profit for the private developer. The areas that hold possibilities for future exploitation owing to their high profit potentials from affordable housing development are thus identified. The needs and expectations of prospective buyers/occupants of such apartments are further surveyed by analyzing the results of a questionnaire distributed to 320 low-middle income employees, initiating a comparative study between the supply and demand in this market. The thesis reveals the nature of interdependence of the socioeconomic, political and urban factors that shape the course of the affordable housing development, and highlight~ its capacity in creating a new and better living environment in post-war Beirut that also fosters social healing. To this end, the thesis emphasizes the necessity of having the different players involved in the process -public policy makers, planers, private developers, architects and potential users- coordinate their efforts and thus, their anticipated mutual benefits.<br>La présente thèse examine le développement de logements abordables dans les banlieues de Beyrouth, faisant partie des activités de reconstruction après la guerre civile au Liban. Elle se penche sur les facteurs sociaux, économiques, politiques et urbains influents ce phénomène récent. En un premier lieu, l’étude retrace l’évolution urbaine de Beyrouth et ses banlieues depuis la période d’avant-guerre, et évalue l’approche du secteur publique dans la planification, à partir des plans de reconstruction de la région métropolitaine. Soixante projets résidentiels, documentés durant l’été de 1994, sont ensuite assujettis à une analyse détaillée de leurs aspects physiques (architecturaux), sociaux et économiques. L’élaboration d’un model hypothétique de développements résidentiels abordables, suivant le réglement de zonage des banlieues, permet de faire une étude préliminaire de leur faisabilité fmancière en tant que profits pour les développeurs privés. En ce faisant, les zones qui attestent des possibilités d’exploitation futur sont identifiés en vertu de leur potentiels de développement de projets abordables à hauts profits. Les besoins et anticipations des acheteurs/occupants prospectifs de ce type de logements sont aussi examinés à travers l’analyse des résultats d’un questionnaire, distribué auprés de 320 employés à revenus modérés; ce qui occasionne une étude comparative entre l’offre et la demande dans ce marché. La thèse révèle la nature de l’interdépendance des facteurs socioéconomiques, politiques et urbains qui orientent la direction du logement abordable et met en valeur sa capacité à créer un environnement viable meilleur et une société plus unie pour le Beyrouth d’aprés-guerre. A cette fin, la thèse souligne la nécessité d’avoir les différents acteurs du ce processus - planificateurs publiques, urbanistes, développeurs privés, architectes et occupants prospectif
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Doe, Samuel Gbaydee. "Indigenising post-war state reconstruction : the case of Liberia and Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4468.
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Current approaches to post-war state reconstruction are primarily dominated by the liberal peace thesis. These approaches tend to ignore the indigenous institutions, societal resources and cultural agencies of post-conflict societies, although such entities are rooted in the sociological, historical, political and environmental realities of these societies. Such universalised and 'best practice' approaches, more often than not, tend to reproduce artificial states. The Poro and Sande are the largest indigenous sodality institutions in the 'hinterlands' - a pejorative term attributed to rural Liberia and Sierra Leone. Both the Poro and Sande exercise spiritual, political, economic and social authority. In this thesis, I use critical realism and the case study approach to investigate: a) the extent to which the liberal peace practitioners who are leading state reconstruction in Liberia and Sierra Leone recognised the role and potential utility of the Poro and Sande institutions; b) the extent to which the Poro and Sande were engaged; and c) the implications for the quality and viability of the reconstructed states. This evidence-based research suggests that the liberal peace project sidelined indigenous institutions, including the Poro and Sande, in the post-war recovery and rebuilding exercises. The disregard for indigenous and emerging resources in the context of state reconstruction in Liberia and Sierra Leone has contributed to the resurgence of 19th century counter-hegemonic resistance from the sodality-governed interior of both countries. At the same time, the reconstructed states are drifting back towards their pre-war status quo. Authority structures remain fragmented, kleptocracy is being restored, webs of militarised patronage networks are being emboldened, and spaces for constructive dialogues are shrinking. This thesis underscores the need for indigenisation as a complementary strategy to help reverse the deterioration, and to maximise gains from massive investments in peacebuilding.
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Doe, Samuel G. "Indigenising post-war state reconstruction. The Case of Liberia and Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4468.
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Current approaches to post-war state reconstruction are primarily dominated by the
liberal peace thesis. These approaches tend to ignore the indigenous institutions,
societal resources and cultural agencies of post-conflict societies, although such
entities are rooted in the sociological, historical, political and environmental realities
of these societies. Such universalised and `best practice¿ approaches, more often than
not, tend to reproduce artificial states. The Poro and Sande are the largest indigenous
sodality institutions in the `hinterlands¿¿a pejorative term attributed to rural Liberia
and Sierra Leone. Both the Poro and Sande exercise spiritual, political, economic and
social authority. In this thesis, I use critical realism and the case study approach to
investigate: a) the extent to which the liberal peace practitioners who are leading state
reconstruction in Liberia and Sierra Leone recognised the role and potential utility of
the Poro and Sande institutions; b) the extent to which the Poro and Sande were
engaged; and c) the implications for the quality and viability of the reconstructed
states. This evidence-based research suggests that the liberal peace project sidelined
indigenous institutions, including the Poro and Sande, in the post-war recovery and
rebuilding exercises. The disregard for indigenous and emerging resources in the
context of state reconstruction in Liberia and Sierra Leone has contributed to the
resurgence of 19th century counter-hegemonic resistance from the sodality-governed
interior of both countries. At the same time, the reconstructed states are drifting back
towards their pre-war status quo. Authority structures remain fragmented,
kleptocracy is being restored, webs of militarised patronage networks are being
emboldened, and spaces for constructive dialogues are shrinking. This thesis
underscores the need for indigenisation as a complementary strategy to help reverse
the deterioration, and to maximise gains from massive investments in peacebuilding.
8
Markwell, D. J. "John Maynard Keynes and international relations : idealism, economic paths to war and peace, and post-war reconstruction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296061.
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Mbulle-Nziege, Leonard. "Post -war recovery and development in Liberia since 2013." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12361.
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The aims and objectives of this study are notably, to provide an overall understanding of the history of Liberia, from the country’s foundation, through the civil war, up to the present day post-conflict scenario. It intends to identify the strategies and schemes put in place by Liberian officials and other stakeholders, while outlining the importance of attaining the goals attached to these various plans. The difficulties of achieving these post-conflict development goals will also be noted, and finally, It analyses whether the concepts used in Liberia might also be implemented in post-conflict societies not only in Africa, but all over the world.
10
Makarem, Hadi. "Actually existing neoliberalism : the reconstruction of downtown Beirut in post-civil war Lebanon." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3078/.
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This thesis assesses neoliberal urban developments in post-civil war Lebanon. It does so by focusing on the reconstruction of Downtown Beirut, which contributed towards: firstly, increasing a public debt that was burdening the country at the time; and secondly, reproducing sectarian divisions in Lebanese politics and society. To explain this outcome, this thesis analyses the policies of specific agents who were involved in, and in control of, the reconstruction process. The agents being referred to were led by the former Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri until his death in 2005. When analysed, these policies are found to follow the neoliberal logic of the late prime minister, but also to have been designed and implemented in a way to create and extract as much rent as possible for the benefit of those with invested interests in the reconstruction process. In this regard, it is argued that rent-seeking activities and behaviours heavily influenced the decision-making processes in key institutions concerned with reconstruction matters. Rent-seeking is used to refer to a wide range of social activities. In the case of Lebanon, we find a clear overlap between rent-seeking and two other processes that are endemic to the country: corruption and clientelism. The overlap between rent-seeking and these two other processes is a significant demonstration of how the nation-state and local politics shape the development and implementation of neoliberal economic policies, so that ‘actually existing neoliberalism’ is highly uneven from one region to another, and even from one country to the next. Because agency is placed at the centre of the analysis, this thesis adopts an approach that is more sociological in nature. It also makes use of two sets of literatures: those of liberal peacebuilding and new urban governance. This allows concepts and explanations to be used from both, in turn, complementing the analysis when delineating the patterns of neoliberalism that are specific to post-civil war Lebanon.
11
Suri, Shipra Narang. "Urban planning and post-war reconstruction under transitional administrations : the case of Mostar." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14213/.
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Fiala, Darol D. M. "Cost analysis of electric grid enhancement utilizing distributed generation in post-war reconstruction." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/March/09Mar%5FFiala.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2009.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Nussbaum, Daniel. "March 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 23, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Distributed generation, DG, DGR, energy, electricity, Iraq, infrastructure, rebuild, wind, solar, PV, photovoltaic, microturbine, generator, LCC, life-cycle cost, security, war, reconstruction Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-64). Also available in print.
13
Spall, John Arthur David. "The ethics of manhood in post-war Huambo, Angola." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61424/.
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Hasic, Tigran. "Reconstruction planning in post-conflict zones : Bosnia and Herzegovinia and the International Community /." Stockhlm, Sweden : Royal Institute of Technology, 2004. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0710/2005530592.html.
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Inaka, Saint José Camille Koto Mondoko. "Post-war Labour Market Reconstruction : The Case of the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78038.
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The Democratic Republic of Congo experienced a merciless war from 1998 to 2002 that seriously affected its labour market, as it did all other aspects of society. The effects on the labour market have aroused various debates. This thesis offers a first analysis of the reconstruction process of the labour market in post-war Congo, and of the roles that key actors involved played in it. It asks the following fundamental question: what are the processes involved in the reconstruction of the post-war Congolese labour market, and how did the main actors affect these processes?
The research used a constructivist methodological approach and the extended case method to collect detailed data through field interviews conducted with 109 people in Kinshasa. The data suggest that the past of the Congolese labour market is clearly visible in its post-war recovery processes (2003–2018). While the past weighed heavily on the present, from 2003 to 2011 the Congolese government nevertheless delayed the implementation of reform policies aimed at achieving a functioning labour market. Reforms introduced since then have been blunted by poor implementation processes. Moreover, the inherent weakness of Congo’s labour market institutions deepened the lack of impact of the reconstruction attempts. Likewise, the private sector did not contribute substantially to efforts at creating an effective labour market. Entering this landscape, many Congolese employees struggled to achieve integration into the formal labour market. The main argument of this thesis is that the post-war Congolese labour market has experienced an extended reconstruction due to delayed and poorly implemented labour market policies. On a more positive note, this study demonstrates the usefulness of Peck’s theory of labour market social regulation as an efficient theoretical tool in evaluating a problematic transition such as that experienced in the Democratic Republic of Congo.<br>Thesis (PhD (Sociology))--University of Pretoria, 2020.<br>the Andrew J. Mellon Foundation<br>The University of Pretoria, the Faculty of Humanities<br>Sociology<br>PhD (Sociology)<br>Unrestricted
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Lash, Christopher Gareth. "Moving West: The transfer of Eastern Poles to Post-Yalta Poland, Urban Reconstruction and Post-war Relief, 1944-8." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526581.
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Haggerty, Michael. "A NECESSARY CRUELTY: VIOLENCE AND DISCIPLINE IN NORTH CAROLINA’S POST-CIVIL WAR PRISONS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1406223803.
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Du, Rand Amelia Elizabeth. "From war economies to peace economies : the challenge of post-conflict reconstruction in Sierra Leone." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28089.
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The difficulty of transforming war economies into peace economies has become increasingly problematic in the search for long-term peace and stability in Africa. In many African countries such as Sierra Leone, Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo, conflict actors have created distinct war economies in order to maintain the conflict in these countries. The enduring nature of the war economies presents a unique challenge to actors involved in ensuring that peace returns to a country by applying a peacebuilding strategy. The economic environment during a conflict has a vast influence on a post-conflict economy and a post-conflict reconstruction strategy. Although post-war rebuilding occurred during the reconstruction of Europe and Japan after the Second World War, the terms "post-conflict peacebuilding" and "post-conflict reconstruction" have only came to prominence during the mid-1990s. Using the case study of Sierra Leone, this study explores the challenge of war economies and its impact on post-conflict reconstruction. Sierra Leone presents an appealing case study as the country experienced a very profitable war economy during the armed conflict in the country between 1991 and 2002, and continues to struggle to transform this war economy into a peace economy. The case study of Sierra Leone is well researched, however, most studies focus on the conflict period, and only briefly look at the post-conflict period. In addition, discussions of post-conflict reconstruction in Sierra Leone have failed to adequately address the challenges presented by the war economy. This study uses existing analyses about the war economy in Sierra Leone, and links these to the current post-conflict reconstruction strategy, focusing specifically on the economic dimension. Therefore, this study represents a departure from traditional approaches to exploring war economies because it considers the direct impact these economic systems have on the process of post-conflict reconstruction.<br>Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.<br>Political Sciences<br>unrestricted
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Tag-Eldeen, Yasmin. "Hezbollah as a Reconstruction Leader : Participatory Planning in the Rebuilding of Haret Hreik, Lebanon, Post-War 2006." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-428877.
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Tag-Eldeen, Y. 2020. Hezbollah as a Reconstruction Leader: Participatory Planning in the Rebuilding of Haret Hreik, Post-War 2006. Kulturgeografiska institutionen, Uppsatser, Uppsala universitet. This paper assesses the politicized nature of reconstruction efforts in the aftermath of the Israeli-Lebanese July War of 2006. It illustrates the factors driving the polarized nature of Lebanese politics, as well as the reasons for which a faith-based non-governmental organization such as Hezbollah was able to take the leading role in the reconstruction of Haret Hreik, a southern suburb of Beirut. Through a literature review, the study will demonstrate that the power struggle to lead post-war reconstruction can be seen as a reflection of Lebanon’s internal political and religious divisions, often along sectarian lines, as well as a lack of democratic accountability and the retreat of the state. Finally, in examining the implications for participatory planning when faith-based, non-state actors serve as reconstruction leaders in a politicized post-war context, the study contributes to the literature on citizen participation, power in urban planning and non-state actors within neoliberal urban governance. Keywords: participatory planning, Project Wa’d, neoliberalism, Hezbollah, post-war reconstruction
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Roubini, Sonia. "Education, Citizenship, Political Participation: Defining Variables for Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Bosnia-Herzegovina." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1345736678.
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McKay, Terrence Penn. "Minding the gap : filling the public security gap in post-war societies." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7264.
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Reed, Erin Rachel. "Domestic Capacities for Building Post-Conflict Peace." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/22.
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The existing democratization and peacebuilding literature often neglects the important role the domestic realm plays in post-conflict peacebuilding. To explain why some post-conflict peacebuilding operations have a greater likelihood of success than others, some scholars have examined the impact of factors such as international coordination, external donor interest, democratic sequencing, and hostility levels. This analysis focuses on domestic capacities for building peace in the aftermath of civil conflict in order to systematically explore the relationship between the domestic sphere and peacebuilding success. Using Sambanis and Doyle’s (2006) peacebuilding triangle model, new local capacities indexes will be created and tested.
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Kamara, Abdul Rahman. "From model conflict resolution to post-war reconstruction in failed states: The case of Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4459.
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The purpose of this study is to understand the causes of the Sierra Leonean conflict and to analyse the reconstruction programmes that followed it. Post-war reconstruction programmes must not be limited to the re-joining of families or reintegration of communities. It must also go a long way in providing an improved situation for all those affected by the war. Notably, where post-war reconstruction programmes fail to focus on the original causes of the conflict, it may result in reinforcement of the original social structures and prejudices and in continued marginalisation of certain groups. Using post-conflict Sierra Leone as a case study, the study attempts to examine the notion that ¿post-war reconstruction programmes tend to reinforce earlier social structures and prejudices rather than create opportunities for the previously marginalised¿. The work focuses on the role of the Department for International Development (DfID)-funded Community Reintegration Programme (CRP). Considering the Sierra Leone post-war scenarios, the causes and political resolution of the conflict and the situation in 2001 when the conflict officially came to an end, the thesis reviews the philosophy, planning, policies, practices and activities of donor agencies in general and CRP in particular before assessing impact on the process of rebuilding communities in Sierra Leone.
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Munnoz-Rojas, Oscarsson Olivia. "Wartime destruction and post-war urban reconstruction : case studies of Barcelona, Bilbao and Madrid in the Spanish Civil War and its aftermath." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2535/.
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There are few investigations that consider both the practical and symbolic dimensions of wartime destruction and post-war reconstruction of cities, and almost none that do so for the particular case of the Spanish Civil War and Franco's dictatorship. This thesis examines the wartime destruction and post-war rebuilding of three prominent sites in Barcelona, Bilbao and Madrid during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and the first two decades of the Franco regime (1939-1959) from an interdisciplinary perspective at the intersection of history, social and political theory, urban planning, and architecture. The thesis is based on extensive archival material, and includes primary textual sources (military reports, administrative documentation, and official publications), secondary textual sources (press material, political, academic and technical literature, and fiction), and primary visual sources (maps, plans, architectural drawings, and aerial photographs of the sites). The thesis introduces the selected sites as exemplary of three propositions on the relationship between history, political discourse, and the built environment during and in the aftermath of conflict and violent regime change. While Barcelona's Avinguda de la Catedral demonstrates that wartime destruction can act as a catalyst for urban redevelopment, Bilbao's bridges exemplify the way that postwar reconstruction can be used to mark a change of political regime, and the ruins of Madrid's Cuartel de la Montana reveal how post-war regimes tend to design ambitious reconstruction plans, which they are not necessarily able to implement. By considering the historical, military, political-administrative, and aesthetic aspects of the destruction and rebuilding of these sites, the thesis proposes an interdisciplinary approach to the study of urban destruction and reconstruction.
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Smith, Marisa M. "For God, country, and manhood : the social construction of posttraumatic stress disorder among Vietnam veterans /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3031947.
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RHYNE, JAMES MICHAEL. "REHEARSAL FOR REDEMPTION: THE POLITICS OF POST-EMANCIPATION VIOLENCE IN KENTUCKY'S BLUEGRASS REGION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1171374749.
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Pilavdzija, Haris. "International State-building in Bosnia and Herzegovina : A case study of a post-war country under International supervision." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-23667.
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This essay investigates the post-war international intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Dayton Peace Treaty was welcomed as the first multilateral agreement amongst countries since the end of the cold war, including Russia. The treaty sought not only to end a war but wrote the Bosnian constitution. We see examples of state-building through international intervention in other parts of the world post-9/11 (Afghanistan, Iraq). The state-building actions in Bosnia was the first multilateral action after the cold-war it is therefore interesting to research the measures that were taken and to follow-up and investigate if it was a success or a failure. Bosnia today is falling behind other neighboring countries, economically and democratically speaking. Neighboring Croatia has just recently become a new member state of the EU, many scholars along with member states of EU and the International Community agree that Bosnia should aim to reach the same goal as Croatia in order to ensure political and economical stability. However there seems to be conflicting agendas between the International Community and the local politicians. The essay will focus on the effects of the international intervention through state-building operations in Bosnia and how the international community took upon itself a major responsibility and the results of those efforts till today.
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Ribeiro, Rui Miguel Lopes Martins de Mendes. "The defence policy of a small country in the post-II World War period : a case study : Portugal." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420181.
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Tassi, Aurelio [Verfasser]. "On the way to a new life: Comparative analysis on DDR post-war reconstruction processes / Aurelio Tassi." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080206493/34.
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Kassouha, Sana [Verfasser], and Wolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Reuter. "Transferring experiences of post-war West Germany in social housing to reconstruction strategies after the war in Syria / Sana Kassouha ; Betreuer: Wolf Reuter." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1207836885/34.
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Watkiss, Singleton Rosalind. "'Old habits persist' : change and continuity in Black Country communities : Pensnett, Sedgley and Tipton, 1945-c.1970." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/129932.
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This thesis examines continuity and change in the three Black Country localities of Pensnett, Tipton and Sedgley between 1945 and c1970. The dominant historiography of the period suggests that the prosperity of post-war British society, the safety-net of state welfare provision and unprecedented levels of consumer spending mostly eradicated the inter-war behaviour patterns of individuals, families and communities. Utilising the oral testimony of sixty residents from the three localities, and supplemented by a range of primary sources, the thesis demonstrates that growing affluence impacted only marginally upon the customary social mores of the lowermiddle and working-class inhabitants. Whilst aspirations to new housing and increased consumption affected perceptions of status and social standing, the economic strategies of the pre-war period prevailed. The thesis evaluates the effect of affluence upon earning, spending and saving. It questions assumptions that the support of kinship networks, matrilocality and community cohesion disappeared as slums were replaced with new housing estates. It demonstrates that the Welfare State impacted little upon attitudes to income and employment and that the wages derived from formal employment were augmented by informal work, penny-capitalist ventures and illicit activities. It shows that despite embracing the consumer society, families within these localities adhered to traditional methods of shopping and the financing of consumption. The thesis challenges the work of a range of historians who have emphasised change over continuity in characterisations of British society in the post-war period and endorses Hoggart’s claims that despite post-war innovations “old habits persist”
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Beall, Jonathan Andrew. ""Won't we never get out of this state?": western soldiers in post-civil war Texas, 1865-1866." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1498.
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After the Civil War, the government needed to send an occupation force into
Texas to help rebuild the state government and confront the French Imperialist forces
that had invaded Mexico. Unfortunately, the government was required to use volunteers
because the Regular Army was not yet prepared to handle such a mission. Using citizen
soldiers for peacetime occupation was a break from past military tradition, and the men
did not appreciate such an act.
Historians of Reconstruction Texas have focused on state politics, the rampant
violence in the state throughout this period, and the role of freedmen in situating
themselves to an uncertain and hostile society. Studies of the military in post-Civil War
Texas have examined the armys role in the states political reconstruction, but largely
ignore the soldiers. Additionally, these works tend to over-generalize the experience and
relations of the troops and Texans.
This thesis looks at Western citizen soldiers, comprising the Fourth and
Thirteenth Army Corps as well as two cavalry divisions, stationed in Texas after the war
from the Rio Grande to San Antonio to Marshall. Beginning with the units receiving
official orders to proceed to Texas after the surrender of the principal Confederate forces
in 1865, it follows the movements from wartime positions in Tennessee and Alabama to
peacetime posts within Texas. The study examines Texan-soldier relations as they
differed from place to place. It also investigates the Westerners peacetime occupation
duties and the conditions endured in Texas. The thesis argues that there was diversity in
both the Western volunteers experiences and relations with occupied Texans, and it was
not as monolithic as past historians have suggested. Specifically, this study endeavors to
supplement the existing historiography of the army in Texas during Reconstruction.
Broadly, this thesis also hopes to be a more general look at the use of citizen soldiers for
postwar occupation duty.
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Sweeting, Anthony, and 施偉庭. "The reconstruction of education in post-war Hong Kong, 1945-1954: variations in the process of policy-making." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31231688.
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Sweeting, Anthony. "The reconstruction of education in post-war Hong Kong, 1945-1954 : variations in the process of policy-making /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12355136.
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Solomons, Demaine Jason. "Liberation or Reconstruction : A critical survey on the relevance of Black theology in light of the emergence of Reconstruction theology." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9485_1318849530.
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The purpose of this investigation is to discuss the relevance of Black theology in light of the emergence of reconstruction theology. It offers a critical survey of a range of contributions on this issue, questioning whether scholars who have used Black theology as a form of self description should shift emphasis, from the paradigm of liberation to reconstruction. The significance of this study has to be understood within the context of the proposal to redirect African theological initiatives from liberation theologies to reconstruction theology. The basis for this call was the end of apartheid in South Africa, which signalled the independence of all countries on the African continent.
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Heinecken, Lynnette Peta Terie. "Military unionism and the new dynamics of employee relations in the post Cold War era : a four country comparative study." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427932.
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Alameddine, Ziad Ahmad. "The role of public space in post-war reconstruction : the case of the redevelopment of Beirut city centre, Lebanon." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26624.
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This research emerges from the author's observations and from concerns shared by many local and international architects, urban designers and planners about policies and strategies adopted to reconstruct the city centre of Beirut following the Lebanese civil war (1975-1990). Post-war reconstruction needs to be seen as a process that carefully restores and preserves the urban fabric as well as culture and heritage, and it should not be perceived as continuation of war by different means. A major postulate of this thesis is that post -war reconstruction is not just a physical phenomenon and needs to follow a holistic perspective that fulfils people's needs, perceptions and values. In other words, it is the unification of four attributes: the physical, socio- cultural, perceptual and functional attributes. Public space imbued with these attributes, in which they have interrelated relationships perceived through the transactional perspective to be a holistic phenomenon. Space can be used to guide the ongoing process of post -war reconstruction, as well as the natural evolution and transformation of the environment. The research assumes that shared identity, cultural continuity and collective memory can be achieved through the transaction of people in the space. To fulfil the thesis objectives, theories and principles on public space are reviewed and examined. A contextual review of the war and post -war period of the city centre of Beirut uncovers major concerns regarding its reconstruction policies and strategies. Public opinion and preferences are elicited using an open -ended questionnaire. Cognitive mapping is also used to examine the collective memory of people about the city centre and its spaces. A comparative spatial analysis is also employed to identify changes in accessibility and integration levels between the pre and post -war spaces. The consequence of the research outcome confirms that public space, through the transaction of people, provides the principles, qualities and meanings that respond to the authentic cultural forces and shared values of people, and the civic character of the city, which existed before the war and can still be seen shaping life today. The thesis, however, follows a logical progression of four interrelated parts. These are: Part One includes two chapters. Chapter One reviews a wide spectrum of literature on urban design principles. Chapter Two introduces attributes of public space. Part Two comprises two chapters. Chapter Three focuses on reviewing the historical evolution of the old settlement of Beirut and its spaces, while Chapter Four outlines the implications caused by the civil war and its post -war reconstruction. Part Three introduces the empirical work of the research in three chapters. Chapter Five reviews and analyses the questionnaire survey responses and results of 37 respondents. Chapter Six analyses the cognitive maps of the respondents using Lynch's five elements of The Image of the City. Chapter Seven presents the spatial analysis of the city centre of Beirut using space syntax (visibility graph analysis technique). Part Four is the concluding chapter. Chapter Eight examines the research findings and restates the thesis approach by proposing a framework for implementation and outlining its major characteristics.
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Vonyó, Tamás. "Post-war reconstruction and the economic miracle : the dynamics of West German economic growth during the 1950s and 1960s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669982.
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Vonyo, Tamas. "Post-war reconstruction and the economic miricle : The dynamics of West German economic growth during the 1950s and 1960s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530084.
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Mays, Christin. "For the Sake of Democracy : Samarbetskommittén för demokratiskt uppbyggnadsarbete and the Cultural Reconstruction of Post-World War II Europe." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-233473.
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Barnes, Karen 1977. "Through a gendered lens? : institutional approaches to gender mainstreaming in post-conflict reconstruction." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33870.
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Although civil war affects all civilians, it impacts men and women in different ways, and it influences their gender roles and responsibilities. Comparatively little attention has been given to assessing the gender sensitivity of international organizations who implement post-conflict reconstruction programs. The different social, economic and political dimensions of war to peace transitions, and how they impact on gender relations, can shed some light on the complicated intersections of needs and interests in wartorn societies. An examination of the policies of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the World Bank reveals that there is relatively little gender mainstreaming within their post-conflict operations. This research finds that the lack of resources and coordination, the failure to build on local capacities, and a lack of commitment to gender mainstreaming are the main obstacles these organizations face. To improve the situation it is recommended that organizations develop and use a 'gender checklist' at all stages of project planning, implementation and monitoring to ensure increased gender sensitivity in post-conflict programming.
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Benbih, Karima. "Framing the Edge of Time: Disaster Architecture and Change." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82500.
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In this dissertation, I conduct a reflection on the effects of disaster on time perceptions and their consequences on architecture as a vessel of social and individual values, through a study of two major paradigmatic disasters spaces – Post World War II Japan and Post-earthquake Haiti. While on the surface these two cases do not have many points in common, both are instrumental to establishing the manifestation of disasters' impacts on the culture of construction and on the architectural theories that ensue from them. The first case, Japan after the Second World War, establishes the long term influences and changes in social and architectural thought that occur after a disaster, while Haiti, examines the role of the architect in the reconstruction phases and attempts to register the immediate impressions of local architects on the disaster's impact on their practice.
I show that both cases exhibit manifestations of the importance of the architect's role of not only building back, but moving forward while capitalizing on the events and social changes that happened.<br>Ph. D.
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Gultekin, Volkan. "Neoliberal Recipies To The Post- Conflict Bosnia- Herzegovina: The Case Of Privatizations." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613084/index.pdf.
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The thesis analyzes the effects of post-war reconstruction on Bosnian politics, economy and society by focusing on the privatization process. To this end, the strategies followed by local and international actors are examined critically within the context of the globally dominant neoliberal paradigm. This thesis argues that the privatization process has made the realization of the Dayton vision for Bosnian peace- and state-building difficult by strengthening nationalist-extremist local elites, contributing to the creation of pseudo-feudal structures at the local level, and helping accelerate ethnic homogenization on territorial basis. For the international actors, these have been considered to be acceptable risks as long as privatization of strategic sectors is kept insulated and the non-interrupted implementation of the neoliberal programme is ensured.
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Glad, Emelie. "Explaining within-country variation in post-war democratization : The role of legitimate local-international partnerships in municipal governance reform in Kosovo." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-393035.
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A growing literature on hybrid peace governance has showed the importance of taking into account the interactive nature of peacebuilding. However, this literature largely remains imprecise about how local-international interactions affect outcomes, and the hybrid turn has not produced much comparative empirical evidence. This study attempts to contribute to filling this research gap by developing a causal explanation for why micro-level local-international interactions produce within-country variations in post-war democratization. Based on scholarship on strategic bargaining, local ownership and legitimacy, it is hypothesized that a higher prevalence of legitimate local-international partnerships leads to higher adherence to good governance principles. The study uses key informant interviews and survey data to conduct a qualitative most-similar case study at the sub-national level. From the analysis of three municipalities in Kosovo, some support for the hypothesis is generated. The results show that with increased capacity from international support and legitimacy derived from closeness to citizens, local non-political actors can put pressure on political actors to reform. However, more studies are needed to refine the theory and test its applicability in other contexts.
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Badescu, Gruia. "Architecture, 'coming to terms with the past' and the 'world in common' : post-war urban reconstruction in Belgrade and Sarajevo." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284391.
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This dissertation discusses the rebuilding of cities after war in the context of the changing character of warfare and the increased expectations for societies to deal with difficult pasts. Departing from studies that approach post-war reconstruction focusing on the functional dimension of infrastructural repair and housing relief or on debates about architectural form, this dissertation examines reconstruction through the lens of the process of 'coming to terms with the past'. It explores how understandings of victimhood and responsibility influence the rebuilding of urban space. Conversely, it argues that cities and architecture, through the meanings ascribed to them by various actors, play an important role in dealing with the past. Building on the moral philosophy of Theodor Adorno and Hannah Arendt, it discusses the potential of reconstruction for societies to work through the past, then it engages with frictions highlighted by three situations of rebuilding after different types of war. First, it examines the rebuilding of Belgrade as the capital of socialist Yugoslavia after the aerial bombings typical of the Second World War. Second, it analyses reconstruction debates in the same city after the 1999 NATO bombings, a high-tech operation, framed by NATO as a preventative, humanitarian intervention against a 'perpetrator' state. Third, it discusses rebuilding processes in Sarajevo, where destruction was inflicted between 1992 and 1995 by actors internal to the country, albeit with international ramifications, exemplary of Mary Kaldor's 'new wars'. Based on thirteen months of fieldwork conducted in Belgrade and Sarajevo between 2012 and 2015, it analyses intentions and consequences of reconstruction acts. It suggests the potential and the challenges of a reflective reconstruction, which engages critically with the past, and of a syncretic place-making reconstruction, which focuses on place and its agonistic promise. Its main contribution is to highlight the essential relationship between reconstruction and coming to terms with the past, arguing for an understanding of reconstruction with regards to conflict itself.
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Krampe, Florian. "Building Sustainable Peace : Understanding the Linkages between Social, Political, and Ecological Processes in Post-War Countries." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-298280.
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Post-war countries are among the most difficult policy arenas for international and domestic actors. The challenge is not only to stop violence and prevent violence from rekindling, but moreover to help countries reset their internal relations on a peaceful path. The indirect, long-term effects of wars further exaggerate this challenge. Many of these relate to political and social aspects of post-war countries. Lasting impressions of human rights abuses committed during wars continue to shape the relations among members of societies for decades to come. Both, socio-economic impacts and political impacts challenge the stability of post-war countries for many years. The challenges to public health have been found to be especially severe and affect disproportionately the civilian population of post-war countries. Environmental and climate change exposes post-war populations further to new risks, exaggerating the human costs of war long after active combat has ceased. These challenges are not new. The problem, however, is that in practice all these elements are simultaneously happening in today’s peacebuilding interventions. Yet, practitioners as well as researchers remain settled in a silo mentality, focusing only on one aspect at a time. As such they are unaware of the unintended consequences that their focus has on other important processes. The four essays that lie at the heart of this dissertation provide new insight into the linkages between the social, political and ecological processes in post-war societies and how the interactions of different groups of actors are shaping the prospects for peace. The argument drawn out in this dissertation is that to build peace we need to acknowledge and understand this long-term interplay of social, political, and ecological processes in post-war countries. It will be crucial to understand the potential and dynamics of natural resources and environmental issues in this context. As the essays in this dissertation show, the interactions of these processes divisively shape the post-war landscape. It is therefore essential to build a peace that is ecologically sensitive, while equally socially and politically relevant and desirable. I call this sustainable peace.
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May, Edward. "A question of control : social and industrial relations in the South Wales coalfield and the crisis of post-war reconstruction, 1914-1921." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321670.
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Granlund, C. "Regimes of truth : the reconstruction of the press in the Soviet and United States sectors of post-war Berlin, 1945-1947." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254517.
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Mastrian, Stacey Lynn. "Selected vocal works by progressive Italian composers of the twentieth century the confluence of nationalism and internationalism from the eve of World War I through post-World War II reconstruction /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9728.
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Thesis (D.M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.<br>Thesis research directed by: Music. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Marylandia and Rare Books Dept., University of Maryland, College Park, Md. Also available in paper. Audio available on compact disc;
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Erlichman, Camilo. "Strategies of rule : cooperation and conflict in the British Zone of Germany, 1945-1949." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25995.
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This thesis examines strategies of rule deployed during the British occupation of north-western Germany from 1945 to 1949 and explores instances of cooperation and conflict between the occupiers and the occupied population. While the literature has primarily looked at the occupation through the lens of big political projects, this study analyses the application of quotidian ruling strategies and the making of stability on the ground. Techniques for controlling the German population were devised during the war and transmitted to officials through extensive training. Lessons from previous occupations and imperial experiences also entered the Military Government’s ruling philosophy by way of the biographical composition of its top cadre. Once in Germany, the British instituted a system of ‘indirect rule’ which relied on focal points of visibility as embodied by their local officials charged with cooperating with German notables, and invisible instances of supervision in the form of mass surveillance of civilian communications. To illustrate the way the occupiers dealt with conflict, the thesis analyses the dispensation of punishment for breaking Military Government laws, demonstrating that the British often issued severe punishment when their monopoly of force was contested, thus belying the notion of a particularly docile occupation. During mass popular protests, however, they sought to use moderate German trade unionists as intermediaries tasked with diffusing popular unrest, who were co-opted in exchange for material and propagandistic support. The British also used German administrators at the local and regional level, many of whom had a distinctively technocratic and conservative profile and who were appointed for their administrative experience rather than for their political inclinations. Through lobbying by British ecclesiastical figures, the occupiers also cooperated extensively with the German Churches, who were seen as effective partners in the re-Christianisation of Germany and increasingly as an essential bulwark against Communism. The thesis concludes that the long-term legacies of the British occupation lay in the effects of ‘indirect rule’, which exacerbated social inequalities by strengthening the profile of certain social elites at the expense of mass politics. The occupation is finally placed within the comparative context of occupations in Western Europe during the mid-20th century, which had the common legacy of buttressing elites who were primarily concerned with the making of stability rather than with participatory democracy, thus giving the post-war era its conservative mould.