Journal articles: 'Postal questionnaire'

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Connon, Neil G. "Improving postal questionnaire response rates." Marketing Review 8, no. 2 (May 19, 2008): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1362/146934708x314109.

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Graham, Candida R., Sube Banerjee, and Randeep S. Gill. "Using postal questionnaires to identify carer depression prior to initial patient contact." Psychiatric Bulletin 33, no. 5 (May 2009): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.108.020982.

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Aims and MethodTo assess whether postal questionnaires, used as a local initiative, were useful in identifying carer depression allowing early support for community-dwelling carers of older adults with mental health needs. the Geriatric Depression Scale and a questionnaire collecting information on the carer's circumstances were sent to carers of consecutive patients routinely referred to a community mental health team for older adults in south London. Rates of carer depression between postal questionnaire responders and non-responders were compared.ResultsThe response rate to the postal questionnaires (33%) was similar to that observed in other postal studies; 42% of responders had depression compared with only 4.6% of non-responders.Clinical ImplicationsPre-contact postal questionnaires may present a simple method of enhancing early detection of carer depression for minimal economic outlay.

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Chambers, J. K. "Inferring Dialect from a Postal Questionnaire." Journal of English Linguistics 26, no. 3 (September 1998): 222–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/007542429802600304.

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Gray, R. H., Z. J. Gregor, and M. Marsh. "Oestrogens and macular holes: A postal questionnaire." Eye 8, no. 3 (May 1994): 368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.1994.83.

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SÖDERLIN, MARIA K., LENNART T. H. JACOBSSON, INGEMAR F. PETERSSON, MARTIN ENGLUND, TORE SAXNE, and PIERRE GEBOREK. "Differences in Longitudinal Disease and Treatment Characteristics of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Replying and Not Replying to a Postal Questionnaire. Experience from a Biologics Register in Southern Sweden." Journal of Rheumatology 36, no. 6 (May 1, 2009): 1166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.081027.

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Objective.Studies on patients not answering postal questionnaires are scarce. We assessed the demographics and longitudinal disease and treatment characteristics of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a Swedish biologics register who replied and who did not reply to a postal questionnaire.Methods.In the South Swedish Arthritis Treatment Group register, we have detailed disease severity characteristics at baseline and at followup for rheumatology patients taking biologic drugs. In 2005 a questionnaire on smoking, comorbidities, education, and ethnicity was sent to 1234 RA patients who had started their first biologic drug.Results.In total, 989 subjects (80%) answered the questionnaire. The 245 (20%) who did not answer generally had more severe RA [higher Disease Activity Score, worse Health Assessment Questionnaire score, higher visual analog scale scores for general health and pain at baseline and at followup, and stopped the drug treatment more frequently (72% vs 53%; p = 0.0001)]. There were no statistically significant differences in gender and disease duration between those who replied and those who did not reply, but in general the patients who did not reply were younger.Conclusion.Patients with RA in a Swedish biologics register not replying to a postal questionnaire had more severe RA and stopped biological drug treatment more frequently. Thus a detailed analysis of prospectively collected data can clarify selection bias introduced by subjects who do not answer a postal questionnaire, which may influence the validity and interpretation of results from postal survey studies.

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Dunn, Kate M., Kelvin Jordan, and Peter R. Croft. "Does questionnaire structure influence response in postal surveys?" Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 56, no. 1 (January 2003): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00567-x.

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McAvoy, B. R., and E. F. S. Kaner. "General practice postal surveys: a questionnaire too far?" BMJ 313, no. 7059 (September 21, 1996): 732–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.313.7059.732.

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Morris, K. "General practitioners' response to a postal questionnaire survey." BMJ 302, no. 6792 (June 29, 1991): 1606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6792.1606.

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White, M. "General practitioners' response to a postal questionnaire survey." BMJ 303, no. 6798 (August 10, 1991): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.303.6798.367-b.

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Burchett, N. "Charging for responding to a postal questionnaire survey." BMJ 302, no. 6789 (June 8, 1991): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6789.1406-b.

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Ramphul, N., J. Saunders, I. Ahmed, and J. E. Fenton. "A review of ENT consultant postal questionnaires." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 119, no. 3 (March 2005): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215053561611.

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In recent years, there appears to have been an increase in the number of postal questionnaires being received by ENT consultants. Questionnaires with unsound methodology waste the time of those who send and receive them, as inferences cannot be made from their results. In this study, a review was performed on a sample of 19 questionnaire studies published in two ENT journals between January 1998 and December 2002. Each study was given a 30-point score, based on the quality of its methodology. The average score assigned to each study was 32 per cent, suggesting that the quality of methodology was generally poor. These results should serve as a warning to those embarking on and those interpreting research of this kind.

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Cowie, L., M. Morgan, and M. Gulliford. "Handwritten 'post-it' notes, questionnaire formats and response to a postal questionnaire survey." International Journal of Epidemiology 40, no. 1 (March 21, 2010): 254–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq043.

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Griffiths, Thomas Howard. "Application of summative content analysis to a postal questionnaire." Nurse Researcher 23, no. 3 (January 22, 2016): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nr.23.3.30.s7.

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Dale, Jennifer. "Practising Acupunture Today: A Postal Questionnaire of Medical Practitioners." Acupuncture in Medicine 14, no. 2 (November 1996): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.14.2.104.

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This article summarises the main findings, as they pertain to physician acupuncturists of the British Medical Acupuncture Society (BMAS), of a general survey of British acupuncture practitioners carried out in 1995. The issues covered include: who uses acupuncture in the National Health Service (NHS), and in what settings; how much acupuncture is used in both the NHS and private practice; how much time is spent with patients; and the different ways in which General Practitioners fit acupuncture sessions into their general practice. Brief consideration is also given to conditions treated and style of acupuncture practised. Some possible implications of the findings for the expansion of provision within the NHS are raised.

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Hussain, Ajmal, Lars Weisaeth, and Trond Heir. "Nonresponse to a population-based postdisaster postal questionnaire study." Journal of Traumatic Stress 22, no. 4 (July 30, 2009): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.20431.

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Brattberg, Gunilla, Mats Thorslund, and Anders Wikman. "The Validity of a Pain Questionnaire for Postal Surveys." Clinical Journal of Pain 6, no. 3 (September 1990): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199009000-00006.

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Teale, Elizabeth A., and John B. Young. "A review of stroke outcome measures valid and reliable for administration by postal survey." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 20, no. 4 (July 27, 2010): 338–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259810000213.

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SummaryCollecting outcome measures by patient or proxy-completed postal survey in stroke research offers a pragmatic and cost-effective alternative to interview-based assessments. The psychometric properties of outcome measures cannot be assumed to be equivalent across methods of questionnaire administration. Many stroke outcome measures have variable or unproven psychometric properties when administered by post. The validity of stroke research that uses postal surveys may be improved through the adoption of questionnaires with acceptable postal psychometric properties. This review identifies 60 reports of quantitative stroke studies using one or more of 36 instruments to collect stroke outcome data by postal survey. Three of these instruments have acceptable psychometric properties for postal administration in stroke populations (the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI), Subjective Index of Physical and Social Outcome (SIPSO) and the EuroQoL (EQ5D)). Two further instruments lack evidence to support proxy reliability (Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living and London Handicap Score), but have otherwise acceptable properties.

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Cunningham-Burley, Rachel, Jenny Roche, Caroline Fairhurst, Sarah Cockayne, Catherine Hewitt, Heather Iles-Smith, and David J. Torgerson. "Enclosing a pen to improve response rate to postal questionnaire: an embedded randomised controlled trial." F1000Research 9 (June 9, 2020): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23651.1.

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Background: Poor response to questionnaires collecting outcome data in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) can affect the validity of trial results. The aim of this study within a trial (SWAT) was to evaluate the effectiveness of including a pen with a follow-up postal questionnaire on response rate. Methods: A two-armed RCT was embedded within SSHeW (Stopping Slips among Healthcare Workers), a trial of slip-resistant footwear to reduce slips in NHS staff. Participants were randomised 1:1 to receive a pen or no pen with their follow-up questionnaire. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants who returned the questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were: time to response, completeness of response, and whether a postal reminder notice was required. Data were analysed using logistic regression, linear regression and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Overall, 1466 SSHEW trial participants were randomised into the SWAT. In total, 13 withdrew from the host trial before they were due to be sent their follow-up questionnaire, 728 participants received a pen with their questionnaire, and 725 did not receive a pen. A questionnaire was returned from 67.7% of the pen group and 64.7% of the group who did not receive a pen. There was no significant difference in return rates between the two groups (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.43, p=0.22), nor level of completeness of the questionnaires (AMD -0.01, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.05, p=0.77). There was weak evidence of a reduction in the proportion of participants requiring a reminder and in time to response in the pen group. Conclusion: Inclusion of a pen with the follow-up postal questionnaire sent to participants in the SSHeW trial did not statistically significantly increase the response rate. These results add to the body of evidence around improving response rates in trials. Trial registration: ISRCTN 33051393 (for SSHEW). Registered on 14/03/2017.

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Pavlović, Marko, Radica R. Bojičić, and Milijanka C. Ratković. "Customer satisfaction with postal services in Serbia." Management:Journal of Sustainable Business and Management Solutions in Emerging Economies 23, no. 3 (March 6, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7595/management.fon.2018.0005.

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Research question: This study examines users’ satisfaction with the postal service in Serbia using a questionnaire measurement. Motivation: the Post of Serbia operates both with private and business clients, with whom it has long-term relationships not only in terms of sending and receiving parcels, but also with new and modern services. Due to the growing competition on the market, the question arises how to place the Post of Serbia on the market in the future. Data: Primary data of postal services, new postal services, as well as a custom questionnaire for examining users’ attitude towards postal services intended for private clients. Tools: Method of survey, Descriptive statistics, Method of analysis and Content analysis. Findings: The satisfaction of users of postal services is an important element of the perseverance and development of the Post of Serbia. Contribution: Quality review of postal services in the opinion of the private users. Obtained gap between users satisfaction and needs and further directions in which the Post of Serbia should be developed according to the user’s opinion.

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Yohannes, A. M. "Reliability of the Manchester respiratory activities of daily living questionnaire as a postal questionnaire." Age and Ageing 31, no. 5 (September 1, 2002): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/31.5.355.

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Frobeen, Anna L., Christoph Kowalski, Verena Weiß, and Holger Pfaff. "Investigating Respondents and Nonrespondents of a Postal Breast Cancer Questionnaire Survey Regarding Differences in Age, Medical Conditions, and Therapy." Breast Care 11, no. 2 (2016): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000446015.

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Background: Collecting patient-reported data via postal questionnaires is a common and frequently used technique. Selection bias may occur through lost data from nonrespondents. This study investigated differences in characteristics between respondents and nonrespondents of a postal breast cancer survey. Patients and Methods: The investigation was based on a cross-sectional postal questionnaire survey for the mandatory annual routine (re-)certification of accredited breast centers in North Rhine-Westphalia in 2010. Out of 4,444 patients meeting the inclusion criteria who gave their consent to participate, 3,856 respondents sent back a questionnaire and 588 nonrespondents did not. Using logistic regression, differences between respondents and nonrespondents regarding information gathered through hospital staff concerning age, affected breast, UICC (Union for International Cancer Control) staging and grading, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) classification, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and type of surgery were assessed. Results: Very young and very old patients sent back their questionnaire significantly less frequently, as did patients who showed a later cancer stage and poorer general health and those who underwent mastectomy. Conclusion: Differences exist between respondents and nonrespondents with regard to age, disease, and therapy characteristics that need to be considered for the interpretation and generalizability of survey results due to selection bias.

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Lonsdale, Chris, Ken Hodge, and Elaine A. Rose. "Pixels vs. Paper: Comparing Online and Traditional Survey Methods in Sport Psychology." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 28, no. 1 (March 2006): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.28.1.100.

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The purpose of this study was to compare participant responses to a questionnaire delivered via the Internet with data collected using a traditional paper and pencil format distributed via postal mail. Athletes (N = 214, mean age 26.53 years) representing 18 sports from the New Zealand Academy of Sport were randomly assigned into two groups and completed the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ; Raedeke & Smith, 2001). There was a noticeable trend (p = .07, two-tailed) toward a better response rate in the online group (57.07%) compared with the postal group (46.63%). Furthermore, online questionnaires were returned faster and contained fewer missing responses. A series of nested, multigroup confirmatory factor analyses indicated that there were no significant group differences in the factor structure or latent mean structures of the ABQ.

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Curtis, Elizabeth A., and Richard A. Redmond. "Survey postal questionnaire: optimising response and dealing with non-response." Nurse Researcher 16, no. 2 (January 2009): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nr2009.01.16.2.76.c6763.

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Parker, Cj, and Me Dewey. "Assessing research outcomes by postal questionnaire with telephone follow-up." International Journal of Epidemiology 29, no. 6 (December 2000): 1065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/29.6.1065.

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van Sandick, JW, JFWM Bartelsman, JJB van Lanschot, GNJ Tytgat, and H. Obertop. "Surveillance of Barrett esophagus in the Netherlands: A postal questionnaire." Gastroenterology 114 (April 1998): A696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(98)82859-x.

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Webb, C. J., Z. G. G. Makura, J. E. Fenton, S. R. Jackson, M. S. McCormick, and A. S. Jones. "Globus pharyngeus: a postal questionnaire survey of UK ENT consultants." Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences 25, no. 6 (June 2000): 566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2273.2000.00386.x.

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Weston, D., V. Parsons, G. Ntani, L. Rushton, and I. Madan. "Mixed contact methods to improve response to a postal questionnaire." Occupational Medicine 67, no. 4 (March 24, 2017): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqx032.

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Healy, A. M., J. D. Collins, M. L. Doherty, D. Hannon, K. L. Morgan, and E. Weavers. "Postal questionnaire survey of scrapie in sheep flocks in Ireland." Veterinary Record 155, no. 16 (October 16, 2004): 493–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.155.16.493.

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Pearson, Alan B., and Rhona MacKenzie. "Parasite control in fibre goats — Results of a postal questionnaire." New Zealand Veterinary Journal 34, no. 11 (November 1986): 198–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.1986.35348.

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Matthews, Derek. "The use of the postal questionnaire in accounting history research." Accounting, Business & Financial History 12, no. 1 (March 2002): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585200110107984.

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Lane, J. Athene. "What accompanies a postal questionnaire and why does it matter?" Sozial- und Pr�ventivmedizin SPM 49, no. 6 (December 2004): 413–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-004-4070-2.

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Khan, Asaduzzaman, Rafat Hussain, David Plummer, and Victor Minichiello. "Too many surveys! Eliciting the views of general practitioners for not participating in postal surveys." Australian Journal of Primary Health 10, no. 2 (2004): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py04029.

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This study explored the reasons general practitioners (GPs) are reluctant to participate in a postal survey. A cross-sectional postal survey was conducted among currently practising GPs in New South Wales, Australia, in 2002, who were asked to complete a questionnaire on the management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The overall response rate for the main STI survey was 45.4%. The GPs who did not respond to the STI questionnaire were sent a one-page non-response questionnaire asking them to report their reasons for not participating in the STI survey. Of the 491 non-responding GPs, 116 (23.6%) completed the non-response questionnaire and form the basis of the present paper. The key reasons reported by GPs for not participating in postal surveys were acute time constraints imposed by increasing workload including substantially increased paperwork, receiving too many survey requests, low STI caseload, and few incentives or returns on their time spent on completing surveys. While researchers need to be cognisant of constraints in general practice, it is also important to develop strategies for increasing GP involvement in research activities. To help improve participation of GPs in postal surveys, we recommend involvement of GPs in the design and conduct of research on issues relevant to general practice along with provision of feedback of survey results.

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James, Sophie, Adwoa Parker, Sarah Cockayne, Sara Rodgers, Caroline Fairhurst, David J. Torgerson, Sarah Rhodes, and Sarah Cotterill. "Including a pen and/or cover letter, containing social incentive text, had no effect on questionnaire response rate: a factorial randomised controlled Study within a Trial." F1000Research 9 (June 17, 2020): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23767.1.

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Background: Postal questionnaires are frequently used in randomised controlled trials to collect outcome data on participants; however, poor response can introduce bias, affect generalisability and validity, and reduce statistical power. The objective of this study was to assess whether a pen and/or social incentive text cover letter sent with a postal follow-up questionnaire increased response rates in a trial. Method: A two-by-two factorial randomised controlled trial was embedded within the OTIS host trial. Participants due their 12-month (final) follow-up questionnaire were randomised to be sent: a pen; a social incentive text cover letter; both; or neither. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of participants in each group who returned the questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were: time to return, completeness of the questionnaire, necessity of a reminder letter, and the cost effectiveness. Results: The overall 12-month questionnaire response rate was 721 out of 755 (95.5%). Neither the pen nor social incentive cover letter had a statistically significant effect on response rate: pen 95.2% vs. no pen 95.8%, adjusted OR 0.90 (95% CI 0.45 to 1.80; p=0.77); social incentive cover letter 95.2% vs. no social incentive cover letter 95.8%, adjusted OR 0.84 (95% CI 0.42 to 1.69, p=0.63). No statistically significant differences were observed between either of the intervention groups on time to response, need for a reminder or completeness. Therefore, neither intervention was cost-effective. Conclusions: We found no evidence of a difference in response rates associated with the inclusion of a pen and/or social incentive cover letter with the final follow-up postal questionnaire of the host trial. However, when these results are combined with previous SWATs, the meta-analysis evidence remains that including a pen increases response rates. The social incentive cover letter warrants further investigation to determine effectiveness. Trial registration: ISRCTN22202133 (21st June 2020).

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Lawrie, Louisa, Eilidh M. Duncan, Jennifer Dunsmore, Rumana Newlands, and Katie Gillies. "Using a behavioural approach to explore the factors that affect questionnaire return within a clinical trial: a qualitative study based on the theoretical domains framework." BMJ Open 11, no. 4 (April 2021): e048128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048128.

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ObjectivesTo identify barriers and enablers to participant retention in trials requiring questionnaire return using the theoretical domains framework (TDF).Study design and settingWe identified and subsequently invited participants who did not return at least one questionnaire during their participation in a clinical trial for one-to-one semi-structured telephone interviews. We used a behavioural framework (TDF) to explore whether any of the behavioural domains (eg, beliefs about consequences, emotion) affected questionnaire return. Thereafter, we generated a series of belief statements which summarised the content of participants’ main responses and coded these under separate themes.ParticipantsWe distributed invites to 279 eligible individuals and subsequently interviewed 9 participants who took part in the C-Gall trial. The C-Gall trial required participants to complete five postal questionnaires during their participation.ResultsNine participants were interviewed. We developed 7 overarching themes which were relevant for returning postal questionnaires and identified both barriers and enablers from 11 core domains: knowledge; beliefs about consequences; environmental context and resources; reinforcement; emotion; beliefs about capabilities; behavioural regulation; social professional role and identity; skills; intentions and goals. Relevant content coded under these salient domains were categorised into seven key themes: unclear expectations of trial participation, personal attributes for questionnaire return, commitment to returning questionnaires given other priorities, sources of support in returning the questionnaires, individual preferences for presentation mode and timing of the questionnaires, internal and external strategies to encourage questionnaire return and the significance of questionnaire non-return.ConclusionWe demonstrate how a behavioural approach may be useful for clinical trials associated with significant participation burden (e.g. trials that require multiple questionnaire responses), acting as the essential groundwork for the development of appropriate evidence-based solutions to combat retention issues.Trial registration number55215960; Pre-results.

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Mendis, D., and A. Hawrani. "The Impact of ISTCS – A Clinician's Perspective (Questionnaire Study)." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 92, no. 9 (October 1, 2010): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363510x523235.

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Independent sector treatment centres and their effect on the NHS remain a controversial aspect of healthcare delivery. This postal questionnaire study aims to identify the general attitude among surgical consultants about their effects, specifically on NHS workload, departmental/trust finances, training opportunities and case mix. NHS hospitals within five miles of an ISTC offering day case/inpatient services were targeted.

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Agreus, Lars, Kurt Svärdsudd, Olof Nyrén, and Gösta Tibblin. "Reproducibility and validity of a postal questionnaire: The abdominal symptom study." Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 11, no. 4 (January 1993): 252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02813439308994840.

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Hazell, Michelle, Julie Morris, Mary Linehan, Peter Frank, and Timothy Frank. "Factors influencing the response to postal questionnaire surveys about respiratory symptoms." Primary Care Respiratory Journal 18, no. 3 (December 23, 2008): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3132/pcrj.2009.00001.

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Smith, Blair H., Kay I. Penny, Alison M. Purves, Calum Munro, Brenda Wilson, Jeremy Grimshaw, Alastair W. Chambers, and Cairns W. Smith. "The Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire: validation and reliability in postal research." Pain 71, no. 2 (June 1997): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(97)03347-2.

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Hoonakker, Peter, and Pascale Carayon. "Questionnaire Survey Nonresponse: A Comparison of Postal Mail and Internet Surveys." International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 25, no. 5 (June 8, 2009): 348–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10447310902864951.

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O'Neill, P., and P. Kelly. "Postal questionnaire study of disability in the community associated with psoriasis." BMJ 313, no. 7062 (October 12, 1996): 919–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.313.7062.919.

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Oliveira, Eduardo Alexandre de, Rose Maria Manosso, Gisela Braune, Priscila Cavalheiro Marcenovicz, Leandro Nagae Kuritza, Henrique Larsen Brunow Ventura, Igor Adolfo Dexheimer Paploski, Mariana Kikuti, and Alexander Welker Biondo. "Neighborhood and postal worker characteristics associated with dog bites in postal workers of the Brazilian National Postal Service in Curitiba." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 18, no. 5 (May 2013): 1367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232013000500022.

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Dog bites are the third most common cause of absenteeism among postal workers of the Brazilian National Postal Service in Southern Brazil, with an average off-work time of approximately two days for each biting episode. The objective of this study was to evaluate the neighborhood characteristics involving dog bites that occurred during work time in postal workers, its impact on work and consequent preventive alternatives. A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was designed for all Curitiba postal workers. Data were descriptively analyzed and the hypothesis of correlation between median monthly income, population density and occurrence of dog bites was tested. A total of 34.9% of the postal workers answered the questionnaire and 64.6% of them had been bitten while working. The odds of bites occurring in a neighborhood increase by 1.035 times for every increase in one unit in the population density and decrease by 0.998 times for every increase of US$ 1.00 in the neighborhood median monthly income of the head of the family. The occurrence of dog bites among postal workers in Curitiba is related to income and population density and prevention strategies should address mailbox position and adequate fencing to provide protection for postal workers.

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Stoney, P. J., and J. H. Rogers. "Attitudes to tympanometry." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 103, no. 7 (July 1989): 657–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100109636.

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Bradshaw, Lisa, Jade Sumner, Julian Delic, Paul Henneberger, and David Fishwick. "Work aggravated asthma in Great Britain: a cross-sectional postal survey." Primary Health Care Research & Development 19, no. 6 (April 12, 2018): 561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463423618000063.

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ObjectiveWork aggravated asthma (WAA), asthma made worse by but not caused by workplace exposures, can have a negative impact on personal, social, financial and societal costs. There is limited data on prevalence levels of WAA in Great Britain (GB). The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of WAA in GB, and to assess its potential causes.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional postal questionnaire study was carried out. A total of 1620 questionnaires were sent to three populations of adults with asthma. The questionnaire recorded; demographic details, current job, self-reported health status, presence of asthma and respiratory symptoms, duration and severity of symptoms and medication requirements. Questions relating to work environment and employers’ actions were included, and each participant completed an assessment of health-related quality of life using the EuroQol Research Foundation EQ-5D.ResultsThere were 207 completed questionnaires; response rates were 6% primary care, 45% secondary care and 71% Asthma UK. This represented a 13% overall response rate. Self-reported prevalence of WAA was 33% (95% CI 24.4–41.6%). In all, 19% of workers had changed their job because of breathing problems. Workers with WAA reported higher levels of work-related stress. Quality of life using the EQ-5D utility index was lower in those with WAA.ConclusionWAA is a common problem in asthmatics in GB. This result is in keeping with international prevalence rates. Further research could assist the understanding of the most significant aggravants to asthma at work and help define appropriate interventions by workplaces.

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Järvimäki, Voitto, Lotta Juurikka, Merja Vakkala, Hannu Kautiainen, and Maija Haanpää. "Results of lumbar spine surgery: A postal survey." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2014.08.007.

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AbstractBackground and aimNo studies have been published regarding the results of lumbar spine surgery a in population-based setting in Finland. Our objective was to investigate functional capacity and quality of life after lumbar spine surgery in a population-based cohort in Northern Finland, focusing on working-age patients.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional postal survey. Three questionnaires (a self-made questionnaire, the Oswestry Low Back Disability Questionnaire and the SF-36) were sent the patients aged 18-65 years who had undergone lumbar spine surgery due to disc herniation, instability or spinal stenosis in the Oulu University Hospital between June 2005 and May 2008.ResultsThe postal survey was sent to 814 patients, of whom 537 patients (66%) replied. Of these, 361 (67%) underwent disc surgery, 85 (16%) stabilizing surgery and 91 (17%) decompression. Pain was absent or present only occasional in 51% in the disc surgery group, whereas it was present daily in 59% in the stabilizing surgery group and in 58% in the decompression group (P < 0.001). Axial pain was slightly more intense than radicular pain. Pain was milder in the disc surgery group compared with the stabilizing surgery and decompression groups: mean (SD) axial pain with 0-10 NRS was 4.0 (2.3), 4.7 (2.4) and 4 (2.3) respectively (P = 0.002) and radicular pain 3.5 (2.6), 4.2 (2.8), 4.5 (2.6) respectively (P < 0.001). The total ODI score (mean, SD) was 20 (17) in the disc surgery group, 35 (17) in the stabilizing surgery group and 32 (17) in the decompression group (P < 0.001). The physical dimension sum score from the SF-was 42 (11) in the disc surgery group and 34 (10) in the stabilizing surgery and decompression grou (P < 0.001). Mental sum scores did not vary significantly between the groups.Conclusions and ImplicationsOutcome was good after lumbar disc operations but less favourable after stabilizing surgery and decompression regarding pain, functional capacity and quality of life. Implications. This study offers important information about outcome after lumbar spine surgery in Oulu University Hospital. It also brings out that in Finland we need systematic national spine register, with accurate pre-and postoperative data.

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de Fine, Niels Olivarius, and Anne Helms Andreasen. "Day-of-the-week effect on doctors’ response to a postal questionnaire." Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 13, no. 1 (January 1995): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02813439508996737.

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Engelbert, Raoul H. H., Cuno S. P. M. Uiterwaal, Vincent A. M. Gulmans, Hans E. H. Pruijs, and Paul J. M. Helders. "Osteogenesis imperfecta: profiles of motor development as assessed by a postal questionnaire." European Journal of Pediatrics 159, no. 8 (July 9, 2000): 615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310000505.

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Williams, A., and D. J. Lewis. "Malaria prophylaxis: postal questionnaire survey of general practitioners in south east Wales." BMJ 295, no. 6611 (December 5, 1987): 1449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.295.6611.1449.

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Davies, D. R., Mbbs Mrcpsych, G. M. Ahmed, and T. Freer. "Chronic Organophosphate Induced Neuropsychiatric Disorder (COPIND): Results of Two Postal Questionnaire Surveys." Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine 9, no. 2 (January 1999): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13590849961726.

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Matharu, G., M. M. K. Donaldson, C. W. McGrother, and R. J. Matthews. "Relationship between urinary symptoms reported in a postal questionnaire and urodynamic diagnosis." Neurourology and Urodynamics 24, no. 2 (2005): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.20093.

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Al-Badr, Ahmed. "Relationship Between Urinary Symptoms Reported in a Postal Questionnaire and Urodynamic Diagnosis." Neurourology and Urodynamics 25, no. 1 (2005): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.20167.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Postal questionnaire'

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