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Journal articles on the topic 'Posterior circumflex humeral artery'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Shetty, Arpitha. "UNILATERAL VARIATION IN THE BRANCHING PATTERN OF 3RD PART OF AXILLARY ARTERY: A CASE REPORT." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 12, no. 11 (2024): 2088–91. https://doi.org/10.46607/iamj2512112024.

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The third part of the axillary artery has three branches: subscapular artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery and posterior circumflex humeral artery. Variations in the branching pattern of the axillary artery are quite common. Knowledge of such variation can avoid injuries during invasive procedures in the axillary region. The present study was carried out on an adult embalmed corpse in the department of Rachana Sharira of the AMC, Nagarur, India. The left axilla was dissected, an anatomical variation in the branching pattern of the Axillary artery was noted, and photographs were taken. Th

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2

Tikk, Tiina, Madis Rahu, Ivo Kolts, Imke Weyers, and Elle Põldoja. "A variation in the origin, course and blood supply of the posterior circumflex humeral artery." Papers on Anthropology 33, no. 1 (2024): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/poa.2024.33.1.01.

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Learning ordinary anatomy is an essential part of medical training. New knowledge about anatomical variations helps surgeons to improve their surgical techniques and avoid complications. The posterior circumflex humeral artery usually arises from the axillary artery and passes through the quadrilateral space along with the axillary nerve. In our study, we introduce a human cadaver specimen with unusual arterial variation. In this case, instead of passing through the quadrilateral space, the posterior circumflex humeral artery coursed along the lower edge of the teres major muscle to the surgic

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3

Croitoru, Dan, Zinovia Zorina, Galina Certan, Mihaela Galescu, and Eugen Cerevan. "The anatomical variations of the posterior circumflex humeral artery." Moldovan Medical Journal 62 (3) (September 10, 2019): 3–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3404084.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Arteries have a very variable origin, diameter, path, correlation, branching and terminal pattern. An honorable mention is necessary for the individual anatomical variations of the axillary artery branches, because this is a spot of frequent vascular lesions that are the result of blunt weapon traumas, proximal humerus traumas and glenohumeral dislocations. <strong>Material and methods:</strong> The morphologic variability of the posterior circumflex humeral artery was studied on a male adult cadaver, on 10 angiographies and 9 ultrasonographies of the upper limb ar

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Bashir, Yasmeen, Saira Munawar, Uzma Waseem, Amina Liaqat, Samia Shahbaz, and Aneeqa Chughtai. "Anatomical Variation of the Axillary Artery in Central Punjab Population of Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 10 (2023): 46–47. https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023171045.

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Background: Axillary artery continues directly from subclavian artery. It usually provides six branches in three parts. Superior thoracic artery is provided by first part of axillary artery whereas the second part provides thoracoacromial artery (TAC) and lateral thoracic artery (LT) and third part provides posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCH), anterior circumflex humeral artery (ACH) and subscapular artery (SS). This branching pattern of axillary artery usually involves anatomical variation and typically inofvolves posterior circumflex humeral artery, lateral thoracic artery and subscapu

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5

Alashkham, Abduelmenem, Tarek Almabrouk, and Roger Soames. "Variations of the branches arising from the third part of the axillary artery: a cadaveric study." Anatomy 15, no. 2 (2021): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2399/ana.21.825667.

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Objectives: This study aims to describe variations of the third part of the axillary artery branches with respect to their diameter, origin, subsequent branches, and gender. Methods: One-hundred and forty cadaveric shoulders were examined bilaterally in the Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, University of Dundee, which is regulated by Human Tissue Act (Scotland) 2006. Branches arising from the third part of the axillary artery were dissected and the diameter, origin, subsequent branching patterns of each branch were documented, as well as gender. T-tests and chi-square tests were use

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6

Iliev, Alexandar A., Lazar G. Mitrov, and Georgi P. Georgiev. "A Variation In The Origin And Course Of The Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery And The Deep Brachial Artery: Clinical Importance Of The Variation." Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research 8, no. 2 (2015): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbcr-2015-0169.

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Summary A case of an unusual variation of the blood supply of an upper limb is presented. During a routine anatomical dissection, it was found that the posterior circumflex humeral artery had an unusual course and branching. It arose as a branch of the brachial artery, not the axillary one, and it did not accompany the axillary nerve. It ran under the lower border of the teres major muscle instead of passing through the lateral axillary foramen, then followed its usual course around the surgical neck of the humerus, supplying the deltoid muscle. It was also found that instead of arising from t

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7

ELAJNAF, Mohamed, and Abduelmenem ALASHKHAM. "Variations of the circumflex humeral arteries: a cadaveric study." Anatomy 14, no. 3 (2020): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2399/ana.20.825667.

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Objectives: Surgery is the main treatment option of both anatomical and surgical neck humeral fractures, which could result in damage to the circumflex humeral vessels. Current research studies have found that vascular supply to the shoulder is variable. However, the incidence of these variations and how they can affect the blood supply to the shoulder region is still under investigation. The aim of this study is to identify possible variation patterns of the circumflex humeral vessels. Methods: A total of 10 shoulders (3 males, 2 females; average age of 68.8 years) were dissected in Anatomy,

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8

Robinson, DJ, P. Marks, and ME Schneider-Kolsky. "Ultrasound of the posterior circumflex humeral artery." Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology 54, no. 3 (2010): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9485.2010.02162.x.

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9

Tverskoi, Alexey Vladimirovich, Vitaly Nikolaevich Morozov, Svetlana Aleksandrovna Petrichko, Vitaly Vladimirovich Pushkarskiy, and Aleksandr Sergeevich Parichuk. "Rare Branching Pattern of the Subscapular Artery." Journal of Morphological Sciences 35, no. 03 (2018): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675362.

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AbstractVariations of the axillary artery and its branches are quite common. Some variations are clinically significant and having knowledge of them can be useful for the prevention of diagnostic errors during surgical interventions in the axillary fossa. Classically, the third part of the axillary artery presents three branches—the subscapular, the anterior, and the posterior circumflex humeral arteries. The subscapular artery is divided into the circumflex scapular and the thoracodorsal arteries. Our work presents a previously undescribed branching pattern of the right subscapular artery. It

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10

Farhan, Thaer M., and Mohammad O. Selman. "Anatomical Study of Axillary Artery Variation." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 52, no. 3 (2010): 324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.523986.

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Background: The axillary artery is a direct continuation of the subclavian artery. The axillary artery is usually described as giving off six branches. The first part gives superior thoracic artery. The second part gives lateral thoracic (LT) and thoracoacromial(TAC) arteries. The third part gives three, subscapular(SS), anterior circumflex humeral(ACH)and posterior circumflex humeral(PCH) arteries. Anatomical variations in the branching pattern of axillary artery are quiet common and typically include the subscapular artery(SS), lateral thoracic artery(LT) and the posterior circumflex humeral

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11

Robinson, David J., Paul Marks, and Michal Schneider-Kolsky. "0645: Ultrasound of the Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 35, no. 8 (2009): S88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.06.1048.

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12

Fatima, Hajira, N. Hima Bindu, Faiz Hussain Mohammad, and Dasari Chandipriya. "BILATERAL VARIATION IN THE BRANCHING PATTERN OF THE AXILLARY ARTERY - A CASE REPORT." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 5 (2021): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12885.

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During routine dissection of a male cadaver for I year MBBS students in the department of Anatomy bilateral variations in the branching pattern of Axillary artery were observed. In the present study it was observed that, on the left side, the subscapular artery which usually arises from the third part of Axillary artery was found to be originating from the second part along with the lateral thoracic artery and thoraco-acromial artery whereas anterior circumflex humeral artery and posterior circumflex humeral artery originated from the third part as usual. On the right side, the circumflex scap

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13

Scrivens, Brian, Derek Redinger, Luis Vela, and Douglas Aukerman. "Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery Aneurysms in Two Collegiate Pitchers." JAAOS: Global Research and Reviews 1, no. 8 (2017): e051. http://dx.doi.org/10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-17-00051.

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14

Singh, Rajani. "Abnormal origin of posterior circumflex humeral artery and subscapular artery: case report and review of the literature." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 16, no. 3 (2017): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1677-5449.001917.

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Abstract The subscapular, anterior circumflex, and posterior circumflex arteries arise from the third part of the axillary artery. During dissection of the right upper limb of the cadaver of a 70-year-old male, a common trunk was observed arising from the third part of the axillary artery which, after traveling for 0.5 cm, bifurcated into subscapular and posterior circumflex humeral arteries. The common trunk was crossed anteriorly by the radial nerve. The medial nerve was formed by medial and lateral roots on the medial side of the third part of the axillary artery, remaining medial to the br

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15

Astik, Rajesh, and Urvi Dave. "Variations in branching pattern of the axillary artery: a study in 40 human cadavers." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 11, no. 1 (2012): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-54492012000100003.

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BACKGROUND: Variations in the branching pattern of the axillary artery are a rule rather than an exception. The knowledge of these variations is of anatomical, radiological, and surgical interest to explain unexpected clinical signs and symptoms. OBJECTIVE: The large percentage of variations in branching pattern of axillary artery is making it worthwhile to take any anomaly into consideration. The type and frequency of these vascular variations should be well understood and documented, as increasing performance of coronary artery bypass surgery and other cardiovascular surgical procedures. The

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Srinivasan, Jayasree, Rajasekhar S. S. S. N, and Dinesh Kumar V. "Collateral Artery from the 1st Part of the Axillary Artery: A Case Report." Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 6, no. 07 (2023): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijap.2023.v06i07.006.

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During radiological studies and surgeries, the branch architecture of the Axillary artery (AA) is crucial. Variations can complicate the interpretation of radiological data and cause unanticipated surgical complications. In the present situation, an uncommon collateral artery arose from the 1st part of the AA and gave rise to the lateral thoracic artery (LTA) and subscapular artery (SSA) before becoming the posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA). The SSA additionally gave rise to the thoracodorsal (TDA) and circumflex scapular arteries (CSA). For safe and effective surgical treatments and

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17

van de Pol, Daan, Mario Maas, Aart Terpstra, Marja Pannekoek-Hekman, P. Paul F. M. Kuijer, and R. Nils Planken. "B-Mode Sonographic Assessment of the Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 35, no. 5 (2016): 1015–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7863/ultra.15.05037.

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18

Damgaard, Bodil, Michel Court-Payen, Lone Larsen, and Gunnar Lausten. "Pseudoaneurysm of the posterior circumflex humeral artery diagnosed by sonography." Journal of Clinical Ultrasound 37, no. 5 (2009): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20548.

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19

Sharma, Vinay, Padamjeet Panchal, Aruna Arya, and CS Ramesh Babu. "The posterior circumflex humeral artery with variant origin and course." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 12, no. 1 (2023): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njca.njca_221_22.

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20

Suman Tiwari and M Khizer Hussain Afroze. "Anatomical Study of Variations in the Origin of Axillary Artery Branches and Its Clinical Emphasis." Academia Anatomica International 6, no. 1 (2020): 05–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/aanat.2020.6.1.2.

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Introduction: Axillary artery, one of the most important arteries of the upper limb is gaining increasing interest in the cardiac and cardiopulmonary bypass surgeries. The present study describes the number of branches arising from axillary artery and variations in their origin. Subjects and Methods: 40 upper limbs from 20 adult embalmed human cadavers of both the sexes were studied by dissection method at the Department of Anatomy, MVJ Medical College, and Bangalore. Results: The number of branches arising from axillary artery varied from 4 -7.The most common variation in the present study wa

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21

Miwa, Yuki, Noboru Matsumura, Taku Suzuki, Takuji Iwamoto, Masaya Nakamura, and Morio Matsumoto. "Pseudoaneurysm of the Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery After Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty." JBJS Case Connector 10, no. 3 (2020): e20.00245-e20.00245. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.cc.20.00245.

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22

Kuntz, Salomé, Anne Lejay, Vincent Meteyer, et al. "Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery Aneurysm: Case Report and Systematic Literature Review." EJVES Short Reports 44 (2019): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvssr.2019.07.001.

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23

Stänz, K., Volker Wedler, P. Köpfli, W. Künzi, and T. Pfammatter. "Compression of the posterior circumflex humeral artery in a volleyball player." Vasa 30, no. 3 (2001): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526.30.3.229.

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Das Kompressionssyndrom der A. circumflexa humeri posterior ist eine seltene Differentialdiagnose des Thoracic outlet- und des Hypothenar-Hammer-Syndroms. Die Diagnose setzt eine gründliche Anamnese und eine regelrecht durchgeführte transfemorale Armarteriographie voraus. Wir berichten über einen betroffenen Volleyballspieler, den möglichen Pathomechanismus, der zu diesem Krankheitsbild führt, und die aktuelle Literatur.

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Smith, C. D., S. J. Booker, H. S. Uppal, J. Kitson, and T. D. Bunker. "Anatomy of the terminal branch of the posterior circumflex humeral artery." Bone & Joint Journal 98-B, no. 10 (2016): 1395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.98b10.38011.

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Paula, Rafael Cisne de, Rafael Erthal, Rodrigo Mota Pacheco Fernandes, Marcio Antônio Babinski, Julio Guilherme Silva, and Carlos Alberto Araujo Chagas. "Anomalous origin of the deep brachial artery (profunda brachii) observed in bilateral arms: case report." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 12, no. 1 (2013): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-54492013000100011.

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During an ordinary dissection, a cadaver showed a bilateral anomalous origin of the deep brachial artery, where this vessel appeared like a branching of the subscapular artery with common trunk, which included the posterior circumflex humeral artery. The course and distribution of the deep brachial artery in the back compartment were relatively consistent with previous reports. Arterial variations can be damaged through iatrogenic means if not properly documented. The knowledge of this case is very important in clinical medicine and in surgeries in this compartment to prevent any injury.

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Shantakumar, Swamy Ravindra, and K. G. Mohandas Rao. "Variant Branching Pattern of Axillary Artery: A Case Report." Case Reports in Vascular Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/976968.

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During routine dissection of an approximately 50-year-old male cadaver for the undergraduate medical students at Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, we came across a variation in branching pattern of right axillary artery. The second part of axillary artery gave rise to a common trunk which divided into the subscapular and lateral thoracic arteries. The third part of right axillary artery gave rise to anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries. Variations in the branching pattern of axillary artery are important for the surgeons performing interventional or dia

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Halmy, Csaba, Katalin Szetei, Zoltán Nádai, et al. "Posterior circumflex humeral artery perforator flap (PCHAP-flap) in axillary scar release." Orvosi Hetilap 150, no. 13 (2009): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2009.28556.

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Az égési sérülés után kialakuló hegesedés gyakran érinti az axillaris régiót. A vállízület mozgását akadályozó hegek eredménytelen konzervatív kezelése esetén műtéti korrekció szükséges. A szerzők az axillaris régió égési sérülése után kialakult mozgáskorlátozottságot okozó instabil hegek miatt korai rekonstrukciót végeztek arteria circumflexa humeri posterior perforátor lebennyel. Véleményük szerint a lebeny, hagyományos szabad lebenyként történő alkalmazása mellett, kiválóan alkalmazható érnyeles szigetlebenyként is az axillaris régió rekonstrukciójában, például hónalji hegkorrekcióban.

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Reekers, Jim A., Bernadette M. G. den Hartog, Carolien F. Kuyper, Jan G. Kromhout, and Frans L. M. Peeters. "Traumatic Aneurysm of the Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery: A Volleyball Player's Disease?" Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 4, no. 3 (1993): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1051-0443(93)71888-6.

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McKowen, H. Carson, and Rand M. Voorhies. "Axillary nerve entrapment in the quadrilateral space." Journal of Neurosurgery 66, no. 6 (1987): 932–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1987.66.6.0932.

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✓ The quadrilateral space syndrome is a recently established entity with seemingly consistent pathological and radiographic features. An example of this syndrome is reported. In this patient, entrapment of the axillary nerve by fibrous bands in the quadrilateral space caused shoulder pain with paresthesias in the upper extremity. Subclavian angiography provided the diagnosis by demonstrating that the posterior humeral circumflex artery, which was normal when the arm was in a neutral position, was occluded when the arm was abducted and externally rotated. Axillary neurolysis through a posterior

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30

Hadimani, GA, SD Desai, IB Bagoji, and BS Patil. "Fenestration of Axillary Vein by a Variant Axillary Artery." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 11, no. 2 (2015): 162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i2.12494.

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Variations of venous pattern in the arm are common. In this case report, we present a variation of axillary artery and vein. During routine educational dissections of axillary region, it was observed that a fenestrated axillary vein was perforated by a variant axillary artery in right arm of an old male cadaver. The axillary artery which was fenestrated through axillary vein had only two branches arising from its second part and no branches from its remaining distal parts. The branches are thoraco-acromial (usual) and another large collateral (unusual) branch. This collateral branch is the ori

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31

Ikezawa, Teruo, Yasushi Iwatsuka, Masahiko Asano, Atsushi Kimura, Akitoshi Sasamoto, and Yasuyuki Ono. "Upper extremity ischemia in athletes: Embolism from the injured posterior circumflex humeral artery." International Journal of Angiology 9, no. 03 (2011): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01616493.

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van de Pol, Daan, R. Nils Planken, Aart Terpstra, Marja Pannekoek-Hekman, P. Paul F. M. Kuijer, and Mario Maas. "Nonoperative Management and Novel Imaging for Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery Injury in Volleyball." Current Sports Medicine Reports 16, no. 5 (2017): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0000000000000397.

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Madhyastha, Sampath, Soubhagya R. Nayak, Ashwin Krishnamurthy, Sujatha D’Costa, Asha Anu Jose, and Kumar M. R. Bhat. "Case report of high origin of radial, ulnar, and profunda brachii arteries, its clinical implications and review of the literature." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 8, no. 4 (2009): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-54492009000400016.

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Arterial variations in the arm are of potential clinical implications as it is a frequent site of injury and also involved in many surgical and invasive procedures. During a dissection of the right upper extremity, an abnormal high origin of the radial and ulnar arteries was found. The brachial artery had a very short segment without any branches, divided into the radial and ulnar arteries at the upper third of the arm. The course and branching pattern of these radial and ulnar arteries in the arm are discussed. It was also observed that the profunda brachii artery was represented by two separ

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Kim, Young Hoon. "Ultrasound-Guided Block of the Axillary Nerve: A Prospective, Randomized, Single-Blind Study Comparing Interfascial and Perivascular Injections." Pain Physician 4, no. 22;4 (2019): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj/2019.22.369.

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Background: The ultrasound-guided block of the axillary nerve may be complicated in cases in which the posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA) follows an abnormal course. Objectives: To develop a new technique that does not rely on direct visualization of the PCHA or the axillary nerve, and to compare interfascial injection and conventional perivascular injection for a block of the axillary nerve. Study Design: A prospective randomized study. Setting: An interventional pain-management practice in a university hospital. Methods: A total of 56 patients received ultrasound-guided block of the

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Ramos-Alicea, Daniel, Jordan Marcano-Anaya, Mario Loomis, Norman Ramirez, and Jailenne I. Quiñones-Rodríguez. "Unusual Vascular Distribution in the Third Segment of the Axillary Artery." Medicina 59, no. 5 (2023): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050913.

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The third segment of the axillary artery (TSAA) is the main vascular supply to the muscles of the upper limb. Numerous studies have reported atypical branching patterns of the TSAA, which can complicate operative interventions involving structures supplied by this segment of the artery. Our current study evaluated a previously undescribed branching pattern in the TSAA, in which the subscapular artery gave rise to an unusual posterior humeral circumflex artery, and a second subscapular artery. In addition, a third variant was found in the origin of the thoracodorsal artery: two collateral horiz

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Vlychou, M. "Embolisation of a traumatic aneurysm of the posterior circumflex humeral artery in a volleyball player." British Journal of Sports Medicine 35, no. 2 (2001): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.35.2.136.

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Rao, N. Ratnakar. "Abnormal Division of Axillary Artery - A Case Report." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 01, no. 01 (2012): 044–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401660.

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AbstractA case of the abnormal branching of the right Axillary artery in a 60 year old male cadaver is presented here. The axillary artery divided into two trunks, a lateral and medial from the second part only in this case. The lateral branch was superficial running between two roots of median nerve, which here is referred to as superficial branch. The other was a medial trunk, running deep to median nerve on the medial, hence it is referred as deep brachial artery. The superficial branch had a similar course as radial artery coursing on the lateral side of cubital fossa, fore arm, anatomical

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38

Robinson, David John, Paul Marks, and Michal Schneider-Kolsky. "Occlusion and stenosis of the posterior circumflex humeral artery: Detection with ultrasound in a normal population." Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology 55, no. 5 (2011): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9485.2011.02301.x.

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Poornima, C. Swathi, and B. Bhagyalakshmi. "Unilateral Third Head of Biceps Brachii with Associated Neurovascular Variants in both the Upper Limbs of a Single Cadaver." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 1 (2013): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i1.7391.

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During routine undergraduate dissection in the upper extremities of a 65 years old male cadaver in the department of Anatomy at Dr. PSIMS & RF, coexistence of muscular and neurovascular variants were identified .Muscular variations included presence of additional head(third) of biceps brachii in the left arm, accompanied with medially positioned median nerve in relation to brachial artery bilaterally . Teres minor muscle was not identified and the origin of long head of triceps brachii extended upto the lateral border of scapula on the left side. Both the medial cutaneous nerves of arm and

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C Swathi Poornima and B Bhagyalakshmi. "Unilateral Third Head of Biceps Brachii with Associated Neurovascular Variants in both the Upper Limbs of a Single Cadaver." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 1 (2013): 81–85. https://doi.org/10.71152/ajms.v5i1.3316.

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During routine undergraduate dissection in the upper extremities of a 65 years old male cadaver in the department of Anatomy at Dr. PSIMS & RF, coexistence of muscular and neurovascular variants were identified .Muscular variations included presence of additional head(third) of biceps brachii in the left arm, accompanied with medially positioned median nerve in relation to brachial artery bilaterally . Teres minor muscle was not identified and the origin of long head of triceps brachii extended upto the lateral border of scapula on the left side. Both the medial cutaneous nerves of arm and

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Atema, J. J., Ç. Ünlü, J. A. Reekers, and M. M. Idu. "Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery Injury with Distal Embolisation in Professional Volleyball Players: A Discussion of Three Cases." European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 44, no. 2 (2012): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2012.05.018.

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Yoshimatsu, Hidehiko, Ryo Karakawa, Yuma Fuse, Tomoyuki Yano, Satoru Muro, and Keiichi Akita. "The Use of the Deep Brachial Artery as the Recipient Artery for Free Perforator Flap Transfer: An Anatomic Study and Clinical Applications." Medicina 59, no. 6 (2023): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59061087.

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Background and Objectives: Soft tissue reconstruction after sarcoma ablation in the posterior aspect of the upper arm has been commonly addressed using the pedicled latissimus dorsi musculo-cutaneous flap. The use of a free flap for coverage of this region has not been reported in detail. The goal of this study was to characterize the anatomical configuration of the deep brachial artery in the posterior upper arm and assess its clinical utility as a recipient artery for free-flap transfers. Materials and Methods: In total, 18 upper arms from 9 cadavers were used for anatomical study to identif

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Chen, Hamilton, and Vincent Reginald Narvaez. "Ultrasound-Guided Quadrilateral Space Block for the Diagnosis of Quadrilateral Syndrome." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/378627.

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Quadrilateral space syndrome (QSS) is a rare nerve entrapment disorder that occurs when the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA) become compressed in the quadrilateral space. QSS presents as vague posterolateral shoulder pain that is exacerbated upon the abduction and external rotation of the shoulder. Diagnosis of QSS is difficult because of the vague presentation of QSS. In addition, even though MRI and MR angiography can be used in QSS diagnosis, there is currently no “gold standard” diagnostic imaging studies for QSS. In this case report, we describe a novel ultras

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Meyer, Lucy E., Kier M. Blevins, Jason S. Long, and Brian C. Lau. "Quadrangular Space Decompression." Video Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 2 (2022): 263502542110710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26350254211071085.

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Background: The quadrangular (or quadrilateral) space is defined by its anatomical borders and is the passageway for the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA). Quadrangular space syndrome (QSS) can present due to various compressive pathologies but is commonly seen in overhead athletes. Quadrangular space syndrome can present with neurogenic symptoms including pain and paresthesias, as well as vascular complications from compression of the PCHA including thrombosis, aneurysm formation, and distal emboli. Indications: Surgical decompression of the quadrangular space is i

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van de Pol, Daan, P. Paul F. M. Kuijer, Aart Terpstra, et al. "Posterior circumflex humeral artery pathology and digital ischemia in elite volleyball: Symptoms, risk factors & suggestions for clinical management." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 21, no. 10 (2018): 1032–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.03.010.

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Kane, Katherine Y., William P. Shutze, Tracie Vines, and Gregory J. Pearl. "Duplex-Guided Diagnosis and Surgical Repair of a Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery Aneurysm in a Major League Baseball Pitcher." Journal for Vascular Ultrasound 37, no. 3 (2013): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154431671303700303.

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Bertelli, Jayme Augusto, Paulo Roberto Kechele, Marcos Antonio Santos, Hamilton Duarte, and Marcos Flávio Ghizoni. "Axillary nerve repair by triceps motor branch transfer through an axillary access: anatomical basis and clinical results." Journal of Neurosurgery 107, no. 2 (2007): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns-07/08/0370.

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Object Grafting or nerve transfers to the axillary nerve have been performed using a deltopectoral approach and/or a posterior arm approach. In this report, the surgical anatomy of the axillary nerve was studied with the goal of repairing the nerve through an axillary access. Methods The axillary nerve was bilaterally dissected in 10 embalmed cadavers to study its variations. Three patients with axillary nerve injuries then underwent surgical repair through an axillary access; the axillary nerve was repaired by transfer of the triceps long head motor branch. Results At the lateral margin of th

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van de Pol, Daan, Mario Maas, Aart Terpstra, et al. "Ultrasound assessment of the posterior circumflex humeral artery in elite volleyball players: Aneurysm prevalence, anatomy, branching pattern and vessel characteristics." European Radiology 27, no. 3 (2016): 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-016-4401-8.

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Bouwmeester, Olivier V. A., Daan van de Pol, P. Paul F. M. Kuijer, et al. "Diagnostic properties of the SPIQuestionnaire to detect Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery Disease in elite volleyball players: a cross-sectional study." European Journal of Radiology 98 (January 2018): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.10.002.

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Nishino, Tomofumi, Daigo Hiraya, Yuki Yamamoto, Tomomi Suzu, Yusuke Nishida, and Masashi Yamazaki. "Posterior circumflex humeral artery pathological lesions with digital ischemia in an elite volleyball player: A case report and literature review." Asia-Pacific Journal of Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation and Technology 33 (July 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asmart.2023.08.005.

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