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Journal articles on the topic 'Posterior insular cortex'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Türe, Uğur, Dianne C. H. Yaşargil, Ossama Al-Mefty, and M. Gazi Yaşargil. "Topographic anatomy of the insular region." Journal of Neurosurgery 90, no. 4 (1999): 720–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1999.90.4.0720.

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Object. The insula is one of the paralimbic structures and constitutes the invaginated portion of the cerebral cortex, forming the base of the sylvian fissure. The authors provide a detailed anatomical study of the insular region to assist in the process of conceptualizing a reliable surgical approach to allow for a successful course of surgery.Methods. The topographic anatomy of the insular region was studied in 25 formalin-fixed brain specimens (50 hemispheres). The periinsular sulci (anterior, superior, and inferior) define the limits of the frontoorbital, frontoparietal, and temporal operc

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Baier, B., P. zu Eulenburg, O. Glassl, and M. Dieterich. "Lesions to the posterior insular cortex cause dysarthria." European Journal of Neurology 18, no. 12 (2011): 1429–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03473.x.

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Gehrlach, Daniel A., Nejc Dolensek, Alexandra S. Klein, et al. "Aversive state processing in the posterior insular cortex." Nature Neuroscience 22, no. 9 (2019): 1424–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41593-019-0469-1.

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Mutschler, I., J. Wankerl, E. Seifritz, and T. Ball. "The role of the human insular cortex in pain processing." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72706-7.

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The human insular cortex is involved in a wide range of functions. A recent study done by conducting an activation likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis suggests that there are anatomical subregions with functional specializations for motor processing, auditory perception and homeostatic control, which plays an important role in emotional processing (Mutschler et al., 2009). An increasing number of studies propose the involvement of the anterior insula in experiencing pain and empathy for pain, e.g. when someone perceives a loved one feeling pain (Craig, 2009, Singer et al., 2004). In this p

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Di Stefano, Vincenzo, Maria Vittoria De Angelis, Chiara Montemitro, et al. "Clinical presentation of strokes confined to the insula: a systematic review of literature." Neurological Sciences 42, no. 5 (2021): 1697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05109-1.

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Abstract Background and purpose The insular cortex serves a wide variety of functions in humans, ranging from sensory and affective processing to high-level cognition. Hence, insular dysfunction may result in several different presentations. Ischemic strokes limited to the insular territory are rare and deserve a better characterization, to be quickly recognized and to receive the appropriate treatment (e.g. thrombolysis). Methods We reviewed studies on patients with a first-ever acute stroke restricted to the insula. We searched in the Medline database the keywords “insular stroke” and “insul

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Frank, Sebastian M., and Mark W. Greenlee. "The parieto-insular vestibular cortex in humans: more than a single area?" Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 3 (2018): 1438–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00907.2017.

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Here, we review the structure and function of a core region in the vestibular cortex of humans that is located in the midposterior Sylvian fissure and referred to as the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC). Previous studies have investigated PIVC by using vestibular or visual motion stimuli and have observed activations that were distributed across multiple anatomical structures, including the temporo-parietal junction, retroinsula, parietal operculum, and posterior insula. However, it has remained unclear whether all of these anatomical areas correspond to PIVC and whether PIVC responds

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Uddin, Lucina Q., Joshua Kinnison, Luiz Pessoa, and Michael L. Anderson. "Beyond the Tripartite Cognition–Emotion–Interoception Model of the Human Insular Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 1 (2014): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00462.

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Functional MRI studies report insular activations across a wide range of tasks involving affective, sensory, and motor processing, but also during tasks of high-level perception, attention, and control. Although insular cortical activations are often reported in the literature, the diverse functional roles of this region are still not well understood. We used a meta-analytic approach to analyze the coactivation profiles of insular subdivisions—dorsal anterior, ventral anterior, and posterior insula—across fMRI studies in terms of multiple task domains including emotion, memory, attention, and

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Hanamori, T. "Posterior Insular Cortex in Rats: Response Characteristics and Function." Chemical Senses 30, Supplement 1 (2005): i74—i75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjh120.

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Baier, Bernhard, Peter zu Eulenburg, Christoph Best, et al. "Posterior insular cortex - a site of vestibular-somatosensory interaction?" Brain and Behavior 3, no. 5 (2013): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/brb3.155.

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Frank, Sebastian M., Oliver Baumann, Jason B. Mattingley, and Mark W. Greenlee. "Vestibular and visual responses in human posterior insular cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 10 (2014): 2481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00078.2014.

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The central hub of the cortical vestibular network in humans is likely localized in the region of posterior lateral sulcus. An area characterized by responsiveness to visual motion has previously been described at a similar location and named posterior insular cortex (PIC). Currently it is not known whether PIC processes vestibular information as well. We localized PIC using visual motion stimulation in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and investigated whether PIC also responds to vestibular stimuli. To this end, we designed an MRI-compatible caloric stimulation device that allowed

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Marshall, Ronald M., Ronald M. Lazar, J. P. Mohr, Ronald L. Van Heertum, and Henning Mast. "“Semantic” Conduction Aphasia from a Posterior Insular Cortex Infarction." Journal of Neuroimaging 6, no. 3 (1996): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jon199663189.

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Afif, Afif, Guillaume Becq, and Patrick Mertens. "Definition of a Stereotactic 3-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Template of the Human Insula." Operative Neurosurgery 72, no. 1 (2012): ons35—ons46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e31826cdc57.

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Abstract Background: This study proposes a 3-dimensional (3-D) template of the insula in the bicommissural reference system with posterior commissure (PC) as the center of coordinates. Objective: Using the bicommissural anterior commissure (AC)-PC reference system, this study aimed to define a template and design a method for the 3-D reconstruction of the human insula that may be used at an individual level during stereotactic surgery. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based morphometric analysis was performed on 100 cerebral cortices with normal insulae based on a 3-step procedure: St

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Berret, Emmanuelle, Michael Kintscher, Shriya Palchaudhuri, et al. "Insular cortex processes aversive somatosensory information and is crucial for threat learning." Science 364, no. 6443 (2019): eaaw0474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw0474.

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Learning about threats is essential for survival. During threat learning, an innocuous sensory percept such as a tone acquires an emotional meaning when paired with an aversive stimulus such as a mild footshock. The amygdala is critical for threat memory formation, but little is known about upstream brain areas that process aversive somatosensory information. Using optogenetic techniques in mice, we found that silencing of the posterior insula during footshock reduced acute fear behavior and impaired 1-day threat memory. Insular cortex neurons respond to footshocks, acquire responses to tones

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Nachtergaele, Pieter, Ahmed Radwan, Stijn Swinnen, et al. "The temporoinsular projection system: an anatomical study." Journal of Neurosurgery 132, no. 2 (2020): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.11.jns18679.

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OBJECTIVEConnections between the insular cortex and the amygdaloid complex have been demonstrated using various techniques. Although functionally well connected, the precise anatomical substrate through which the amygdaloid complex and the insula are wired remains unknown. In 1960, Klingler briefly described the “fasciculus amygdaloinsularis,” a white matter tract connecting the posterior insula with the amygdala. The existence of such a fasciculus seems likely but has not been firmly established, and the reported literature does not include a thorough description and documentation of its anat

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Frank, Sebastian M., Anna Maria Wirth, and Mark W. Greenlee. "Visual-vestibular processing in the human Sylvian fissure." Journal of Neurophysiology 116, no. 2 (2016): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00009.2016.

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Unlike other sensory systems, the cortical organization of the human vestibular system is not well established. A central role is assumed for the region of the posterior Sylvian fissure, close to the posterior insula. At this site, activation during vestibular stimulation has been observed in previous imaging studies and labeled as the parieto-insular vestibular cortex area (PIVC). However, vestibular responses are found in other parts of the Sylvian fissure as well, including a region that is referred to as the posterior insular cortex (PIC). The anatomical and functional relationship between

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Gujing, Li, He Hui, Li Xin, et al. "Increased Insular Connectivity and Enhanced Empathic Ability Associated with Dance/Music Training." Neural Plasticity 2019 (May 6, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9693109.

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Dance and music are expressive art forms. Previous behavioural studies have reported that dancers/musicians show a better sensorimotor ability and emotional representation of others. However, the neural mechanism behind this phenomenon is not completely understood. Recently, intensive researches have identified that the insula is highly enrolled in the empathic process. Thus, to expand the knowledge of insular function associated with empathy under the dance/music training background, we mapped the insular network and its associated brain regions in 21 dancers, 20 musicians, and 24 healthy con

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Kitamura, Juri, Hiroki Ueno, Michiaki Nagai, et al. "Blood Pressure Variability in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Influence of Infarct Location in the Insular Cortex." European Neurology 79, no. 1-2 (2018): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000486306.

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Background: The aim of this study was to elucidate the influence of insular infarction on blood pressure (BP) variability and outcomes according to the region of the insular cortex affected. Methods: A total of 90 patients diagnosed with acute unilateral ischemic stroke were registered. The BP variability was calculated over 24 h after admission (hyperacute) and for 2–3 days after admission (acute). Patients were classified into groups of right and left, and then right anterior, right posterior, left anterior, and left posterior insular infarction. Results: Patients with insular infarction sho

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Kurth, F., S. B. Eickhoff, A. Schleicher, L. Hoemke, K. Zilles, and K. Amunts. "Cytoarchitecture and Probabilistic Maps of the Human Posterior Insular Cortex." Cerebral Cortex 20, no. 6 (2009): 1448–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhp208.

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Foilb, Allison R., Johanna G. Flyer-Adams, Steven F. Maier, and John P. Christianson. "Posterior insular cortex is necessary for conditioned inhibition of fear." Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 134 (October 2016): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2016.08.004.

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Potts, Matthew B., Edward F. Chang, William L. Young, and Michael T. Lawton. "Transsylvian-Transinsular Approaches to the Insula and Basal Ganglia." Neurosurgery 70, no. 4 (2011): 824–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e318236760d.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Lesions in the insula and basal ganglia can be risky to resect because of their depth and proximity to critical structures, particularly in the dominant hemisphere. Transsylvian approaches shorten the surgical distance to these lesions, preserve perisylvian temporal and frontal cortex, and minimize brain transgression. OBJECTIVE: To report our experience with transsylvian-transinsular approaches to vascular lesions. METHODS: The anterior approach opened the sphenoidal and insular portions of the sylvian fissure and exposed the limen insulae and short gyri, whereas the post

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Shin, Jung H., Yu K. Kim, Hyo-Jung Kim, and Ji-Soo Kim. "Altered brain metabolism in vestibular migraine: Comparison of interictal and ictal findings." Cephalalgia 34, no. 1 (2013): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102413498940.

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Background Vestibular symptoms/signs frequently coexist with migraine, but the mechanisms of migraine-related vestibular dysfunction remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to determine altered brain metabolism in vestibular migraine. Methods Two patients with vestibular migraine underwent 18F-fluorodeoxy glucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET) during and between attacks of vestibular migraine in addition to detailed neurotological evaluation. We analyzed the regional brain metabolism of the patients in comparison with that of age-matched healthy controls in each patient. We also co

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Cohen, Jeremy, Taylor Smith, Khalil Thompson, Armond Collins, Tracey Knaus, and Helen Tager-Flusberg. "Altered Anterior Insular Asymmetry in Pre-teen and Adolescent Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Annals of Behavioral Neuroscience 1, no. 1 (2018): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18314/abne.v1i1.1120.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is hallmarked by social-emotional reciprocity deficits. Social-emotional responding requires the clear recognition of social cues as well as the internal monitoring of emotional salience. Insular cortex is central to the salience network, and plays a key role in approach-avoidance emotional valuation. Consistent right anterior insular hypoactivity and variable volumetric differences of insular cortical volumes were shown previously. The current study analyzed anterior and posterior insular volume/asymmetry changes in ASD across age. Age was used as an additional

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Henderson, Luke A., Mary A. Woo, Paul M. Macey, et al. "Neural responses during Valsalva maneuvers in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome." Journal of Applied Physiology 94, no. 3 (2003): 1063–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00702.2002.

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The repetitive upper airway muscle atonic episodes and cardiovascular sequelae of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) suggest dysfunction of specific neural sites that integrate afferent airway signals with autonomic and somatic outflow. We determined neural responses to the Valsalva maneuver by using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Images were collected during a baseline and three Valsalva maneuvers in 8 drug-free OSA patients and 15 controls. Multiple cortical, midbrain, pontine, and medullary regions in both groups showed intensity changes correlated to airway pressure. In OSA subjects, th

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Wynford-Thomas, Ray, and Rob Powell. "THE INSULA: ISLAND OF REIL." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 86, no. 11 (2015): e4.155-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2015-312379.63.

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Just as ‘no man is an island’, despite its misleading name, the insula is not an island. Sitting deeply within the cerebrum, the insular cortex and its connections play an important role in both normal brain function and seizure generation. Stimulating specific areas of the insula can produce somatosensory, viscerosensory, somatomotor and visceroautonomic symptoms, as well as effects on speech processing and pain. Insular onset seizures are rare, but may mimic both temporal and extra-temporal epilepsy and if not recognised, may lead to failure of epilepsy surgery. We therefore highlight the se

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Williamson, J. W., R. McColl, and D. Mathews. "Evidence for central command activation of the human insular cortex during exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 94, no. 5 (2003): 1726–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01152.2002.

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The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether central command activated regions of the insular cortex, independent of muscle metaboreflex activation and blood pressure elevations. Subjects ( n = 8) were studied during 1) rest with cuff occlusion, 2) static handgrip exercise (SHG) sufficient to increase mean blood pressure (MBP) by 15 mmHg, and 3) post-SHG exercise cuff occlusion (PECO) to sustain the 15-mmHg blood pressure increase. Data were collected for heart rate, MBP, ratings of perceived exertion and discomfort, and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by using single-photon-

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Gras-Combe, Guillaume, Lorella Minotti, Dominique Hoffmann, Alexandre Krainik, Philippe Kahane, and Stephan Chabardes. "Surgery for Nontumoral Insular Epilepsy Explored by Stereoelectroencephalography." Neurosurgery 79, no. 4 (2016): 578–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000001257.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Hidden by the perisylvian operculi, insular cortex has long been underexplored in the context of epilepsy surgery. Recent studies advocated stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) as a reliable tool to explore insular cortex and its involvement in intractable epilepsy and suggested that insular seizures could be an underestimated entity. However, the results of insular resection to treat pharmacoresistant epilepsy are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE We report 6 consecutive cases of right insular resection performed based on anatomoelectroclinical correlations provided by SEEG. METHO

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Bjornsdotter, M., L. Loken, H. Olausson, A. Vallbo, and J. Wessberg. "Somatotopic Organization of Gentle Touch Processing in the Posterior Insular Cortex." Journal of Neuroscience 29, no. 29 (2009): 9314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0400-09.2009.

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van Ettinger-Veenstra, Helene, Rebecca Boehme, Bijar Ghafouri, Håkan Olausson, Rikard K. Wicksell, and Björn Gerdle. "Exploration of Functional Connectivity Changes Previously Reported in Fibromyalgia and Their Relation to Psychological Distress and Pain Measures." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 11 (2020): 3560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113560.

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Neural functional connectivity changes in the default mode network (DMN), Central executive network (CEN), and insula have been implicated in fibromyalgia (FM) but stem from a sparse set of small-scale studies with limited power for the investigation of confounding effects. We investigated whether anxiety, depression, pain sensitivity, and pain intensity modulated functional connectivity related to DMN nodes, CEN nodes, and insula. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 31 females with FM and 28 age-matched healthy controls. Connectivity was analysed with

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Casanova, José Patricio, Marcelo Aguilar-Rivera, María de los Ángeles Rodríguez, Todd P. Coleman, and Fernando Torrealba. "The activity of discrete sets of neurons in the posterior insula correlates with the behavioral expression and extinction of conditioned fear." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 4 (2018): 1906–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00318.2018.

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The interoceptive insular cortex is known to be involved in the perception of bodily states and emotions. Increasing evidence points to an additional role for the insula in the storage of fear memories. However, the activity of the insula during fear expression has not been studied. We addressed this issue by recording single units from the posterior insular cortex (pIC) of awake behaving rats expressing conditioned fear during its extinction. We found a set of pIC units showing either significant increase or decrease in activity during high fear expression to the auditory cue (“freezing units

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Türe, Uğur, M. Gazi Yaşargil, Ossama Al-Mefty, and Dianne C. H. Yaşargil. "Arteries of the insula." Journal of Neurosurgery 92, no. 4 (2000): 676–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2000.92.4.0676.

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Object. The insula is located at the base of the sylvian fissure and is a potential site for pathological processes such as tumors and vascular malformations. Knowledge of insular anatomy and vascularization is essential to perform accurate microsurgical procedures in this region.Methods. Arterial vascularization of the insula was studied in 20 human cadaver brains (40 hemispheres). The cerebral arteries were perfused with red latex to enhance their visibility, and they were dissected with the aid of an operating microscope.Arteries supplying the insula numbered an average of 96 (range 77–112)

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Hamdy, Shaheen, David J. Mikulis, Adrian Crawley, et al. "Cortical activation during human volitional swallowing: an event-related fMRI study." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 277, no. 1 (1999): G219—G225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1999.277.1.g219.

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a safe, noninvasive method for studying task-related cortical neuronal activity. Because the cerebral cortex is strongly implicated in the control of human swallowing, we sought to identify its functional neuroanatomy using fMRI. In 10 healthy volunteers, a swallow event-related paradigm was performed by injecting 5 ml water bolus into the oral cavity every 30 s. Whole brain functional magnetic susceptibility[Formula: see text]-weighted spiral imaging data were simultaneously acquired over 600 s on a 1.5-T magnetic resonance scanner, utiliz

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Verhaeghe, Alexander, Thomas Decramer, Wim Naets, Wim Van Paesschen, Johannes van Loon, and Tom Theys. "Posterior Quadrant Disconnection: A Fiber Dissection Study." Operative Neurosurgery 14, no. 1 (2017): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opx060.

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AbstractBACKGROUNDPosterior quadrant disconnection can be highly effective in the surgical treatment of selected cases of refractory epilepsy. The technique aims to deafferent extensive areas of epileptogenic posterior cortex from the rest of the brain by isolating the temporoparietooccipital cortex.OBJECTIVETo describe this procedure and relevant white matter tracts with a specific emphasis on the extent of callosotomy in an anatomic study.METHODSTwenty hemispheres were dissected according to Klingler's fiber dissection technique illustrating the peri-insular (temporal stem, superior longitud

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Baumgärtner, Ulf, Gian Domenico Iannetti, Laura Zambreanu, Peter Stoeter, Rolf-Detlef Treede, and Irene Tracey. "Multiple Somatotopic Representations of Heat and Mechanical Pain in the Operculo-Insular Cortex: A High-Resolution fMRI Study." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 5 (2010): 2863–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00253.2010.

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Whereas studies of somatotopic representation of touch have been useful to distinguish multiple somatosensory areas within primary (SI) and secondary (SII) somatosensory cortex regions, no such analysis exists for the representation of pain across nociceptive modalities. Here we investigated somatotopy in the operculo-insular cortex with noxious heat and pinprick stimuli in 11 healthy subjects using high-resolution (2 × 2 × 4 mm) 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Heat stimuli (delivered using a laser) and pinprick stimuli (delivered using a punctate probe) were directed to the d

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Tong, DaoMing, XiaoDong Chen, YuanWei Wang, Ying Wang, Li Du, and JunJie Bao. "Acute and episodic vestibular syndromes caused by ischemic stroke: predilection sites and risk factors." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 4 (2020): 030006052091803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520918039.

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Objective This study was performed to investigate the predilection sites of acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) and episodic vestibular syndrome (EVS) caused by acute infarcts. Methods This retrospective cohort study was performed at a stroke center in a tertiary teaching hospital. We diagnosed patients with AVS/EVS caused by acute ischemic stroke using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance angiography. Results Among all patients with AVS/EVS, 68 had DWI-positive ischemic events and 113 had DWI-negative ischemic events. Of the 68 patients with positive DWI findings, 42.6% had acu

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Hanamori, Takamitsu, Takato Kunitake, Kazuo Kato, and Hiroshi Kannan. "Responses of Neurons in the Insular Cortex to Gustatory, Visceral, and Nociceptive Stimuli in Rats." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 5 (1998): 2535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.5.2535.

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Hanamori, Takamitsu, Takato Kunitake, Kazuo Kato, and Hiroshi Kannan. Responses of neurons in the insular cortex to gustatory, visceral, and nociceptive stimuli in rats. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2535–2545, 1998. Extracellular unit responses to baroreceptor and chemoreceptor stimulation, gustatory stimulation of the posterior tongue, electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal (SL) nerve, and tail pinch were recorded from the insular cortex of anesthetized and paralyzed rats. Forty-three neurons identified responded to stimulation by at least one of the stimuli used in the present study. Of th

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Harfeldt, Kristin, Louise Alexander, Julia Lam, et al. "Spectroscopic differences in posterior insula in patients with chronic temporomandibular pain." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 18, no. 3 (2018): 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2017-0159.

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Abstract Background and aims Chronic pain including temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain involves a complex interplay between peripheral and central sensitization, endogenous modulatory pathways, cortical processing and integration and numerous psychological, behavioral and social factors. The aim of this study was to compare spectroscopic patterns of N-Acetyl-aspartate (NAA), total creatine (tCr), choline (Cho), myo-inositol (MI), glutamate (Glu), and the combination of Glu and glutamine in the posterior insula in patients with chronic generalized or regional chronic TMD pain (gTMD and rTMD,

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Hua, Le H., Irina A. Strigo, Leslie C. Baxter, Sterling C. Johnson, and A. D. (Bud) Craig. "Anteroposterior somatotopy of innocuous cooling activation focus in human dorsal posterior insular cortex." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 289, no. 2 (2005): R319—R325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00123.2005.

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Prior data indicate that graded activation by innocuous thermal stimuli occurs in the dorsal posterior insular (dpIns) cortex of humans, rather than the parietal somatosensory regions traditionally thought necessary for discriminative somatic sensations. We hypothesized that if the dpIns subserves the haptic capacity of localization in addition to discrimination, then it should be somatotopically organized. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging to detect activation in the dpIns by graded cooling stimuli applied to the hand and neck, we found unimodal foci arranged in an anteroposterior s

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Al-Otaibi, Faisal, Savio W. H. Wong, J. Kevin Shoemaker, Andrew G. Parrent, and Seyed M. Mirsattari. "The Cardioinhibitory Responses of the Right Posterior Insular Cortex in an Epileptic Patient." Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 88, no. 6 (2010): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000321182.

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Nerad, Ludňk. "Lesions of the Posterior Insular Cortex Impair Water Maze Performance in the Rat." International Journal of Neuroscience 90, no. 1-2 (1997): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00207459709000621.

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de Paiva, Joselisa Peres Queiroz, A. P. A. Bueno, M. Dos Santos Corrêa, M. G. M. Oliveira, T. L. Ferreira, and R. V. Fornari. "The posterior insular cortex is necessary for the consolidation of tone fear conditioning." Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 179 (March 2021): 107402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107402.

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Hassanpour, Mahlega S., Lirong Yan, Danny J. J. Wang, et al. "How the heart speaks to the brain: neural activity during cardiorespiratory interoceptive stimulation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1708 (2016): 20160017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0017.

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Prominent theories emphasize key roles for the insular cortex in the central representation of interoceptive sensations, but how this brain region responds dynamically to changes in interoceptive state remains incompletely understood. Here, we systematically modulated cardiorespiratory sensations in humans using bolus infusions of isoproterenol, a rapidly acting peripheral beta-adrenergic agonist similar to adrenaline. To identify central neural processes underlying these parametrically modulated interoceptive states, we used pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) to sim

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Ikegaya, Naoki, Akio Takahashi, Takanobu Kaido, et al. "Surgical strategy to avoid ischemic complications of the pyramidal tract in resective epilepsy surgery of the insula: technical case report." Journal of Neurosurgery 128, no. 4 (2018): 1173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.1.jns161278.

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Surgical treatment of the insula is notorious for its high probability of motor complications, particularly when resecting the superoposterior part. Ischemic damage to the pyramidal tract in the corona radiata has been regarded as the cause of these complications, resulting from occlusion of the perforating arteries to the pyramidal tract through the insular cortex. The authors describe a strategy in which a small piece of gray matter is spared at the bottom of the periinsular sulcus, where the perforating arteries pass en route to the pyramidal tract, in order to avoid these complications. Th

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Benet, Arnau, Shawn L. Hervey-Jumper, Jose Juan González Sánchez, Michael T. Lawton, and Mitchel S. Berger. "Surgical assessment of the insula. Part 1: surgical anatomy and morphometric analysis of the transsylvian and transcortical approaches to the insula." Journal of Neurosurgery 124, no. 2 (2016): 469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.12.jns142182.

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OBJECT Transcortical and transsylvian corridors have been previously described as the main surgical approaches to the insula, but there is insufficient evidence to support one approach versus the other. The authors performed a cadaveric comparative study regarding insular exposure, surgical window and freedom, between the transcortical and transsylvian approaches (with and without cutting superficial sylvian bridging veins). Surgical anatomy and skull surface reference points to the different insular regions are also described. METHODS Sixteen cadaveric specimens were embalmed with a customize

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Demir, Rezan, Lewis B. Haberly, and Meyer B. Jackson. "Voltage Imaging of Epileptiform Activity in Slices From Rat Piriform Cortex: Onset and Propagation." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 5 (1998): 2727–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.5.2727.

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Demir, Rezan, Lewis B. Haberly, and Meyer B. Jackson. Voltage imaging of epileptiform activity in slices from rat piriform cortex: onset and propagation. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2727–2742, 1998. The piriform cortex is a temporal lobe structure with a very high seizure susceptibility. To investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of epileptiform activity, slices of piriform cortex were examined by imaging electrical activity with a voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye. Discharge activity was studied for different sites of stimulation and different planes of slicing along the anterior-posterior ax

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Garcia-Larrea, L. "The posterior insular-opercular region and the search of a primary cortex for pain." Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology 42, no. 5 (2012): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2012.06.001.

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Matsudaira, Izumi, Susumu Yokota, Teruo Hashimoto, et al. "Parental Praise Correlates with Posterior Insular Cortex Gray Matter Volume in Children and Adolescents." PLOS ONE 11, no. 4 (2016): e0154220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154220.

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Del Vecchio, Maria, Fausto Caruana, Ivana Sartori, et al. "Ipsilateral somatosensory responses in humans: the tonic activity of SII and posterior insular cortex." Brain Structure and Function 224, no. 1 (2018): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-018-1754-6.

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Atapour, Nafiseh, Piotr Majka, Ianina H. Wolkowicz, Daria Malamanova, Katrina H. Worthy, and Marcello G. P. Rosa. "Neuronal Distribution Across the Cerebral Cortex of the Marmoset Monkey (Callithrix jacchus)." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 9 (2018): 3836–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy263.

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Abstract Using stereological analysis of NeuN-stained sections, we investigated neuronal density and number of neurons per column throughout the marmoset cortex. Estimates of mean neuronal density encompassed a greater than 3-fold range, from >150 000 neurons/mm3 in the primary visual cortex to ~50 000 neurons/mm3 in the piriform complex. There was a trend for density to decrease from posterior to anterior cortex, but also local gradients, which resulted in a complex pattern; for example, in frontal, auditory, and somatosensory cortex neuronal density tended to increase towards anterior are

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Grabenhorst, Fabian, and Edmund T. Rolls. "Attentional Modulation of Affective Versus Sensory Processing: Functional Connectivity and a Top-Down Biased Activation Theory of Selective Attention." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 3 (2010): 1649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00352.2010.

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Top-down selective attention to the affective properties of taste stimuli increases activation to the taste stimuli in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and pregenual cingulate cortex (PGC), and selective attention to the intensity of the stimuli increases the activation in the insular taste cortex, but the origin of the top-down attentional biases is not known. Using psychophysiological interaction connectivity analyses, we showed that in the anterior lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) at Y = 53 mm the correlation with activity in OFC and PGC seed regions was greater when attention was to pleasant

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Beurze, S. M., F. P. de Lange, I. Toni, and W. P. Medendorp. "Integration of Target and Effector Information in the Human Brain During Reach Planning." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 1 (2007): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00456.2006.

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To plan a reaching movement, the brain must integrate information about the location of the target with information about the limb selected for the reach. Here, we applied rapid event-related 3-T fMRI to investigate this process in human subjects ( n = 16) preparing a reach following two successive visual instruction cues. One cue instructed which arm to use; the other cue instructed the location of the reach target. We hypothesized that regions involved in the integration of target and effector information should not only respond to each of the two instruction cues, but should respond more st

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