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1
Heine, Steven. "History, Transhistory, and Narrative History: A Postmodern View of Nishitani's Philosophy of Zen." Philosophy East and West 44, no. 2 (April 1994): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1399594.
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Chin-Yee, Benjamin, Pablo Diaz, Pier Bryden, Sophie Soklaridis, and Ayelet Kuper. "From hermeneutics to heteroglossia: ‘The Patient’s View’ revisited." Medical Humanities 46, no. 4 (December 12, 2019): 464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2019-011724.
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This article explores conceptual and methodological challenges surrounding the recovery of patients’ voices in the history of medicine. We examine the debate that followed Roy Porter’s seminal article, ‘The Patient’s View: Doing Medical History from Below’ (1985). Porter argued that patients should be given a central role in medical history, aiming to restore to patients a voice and agency that is often lost in ‘physician-centered’ historical narratives. His work carried significant influence but also sparked an ongoing debate about the possibility of conducting ‘patient-centered’ history of medicine. The growth of the medical humanities has afforded renewed attention to patient narratives, supporting the need to recognise patients’ voices in contemporary healthcare and medical education. However, several barriers complicate and problematise the expansion of a patient-centred epistemology across historical periods. Postmodern critics have expressed scepticism that ‘the patient’s view’ can be recovered from history, with some claiming that ‘the patient’ is a construct of the ‘medical gaze’ whose subjectivity cannot be reconstituted outside of sociohistorical discourses of knowledge and power. Psychiatry in the mid-20th century presents a particular challenge for patient-centred history. We discuss the influence of postmodern theorists, especially Michel Foucault, whose work is seen as undermining the possibility of a patient-centred epistemology. We argue against Foucault’s erasure of the patient, and instead explore alternate constructivist epistemologies, focusing on the hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer and dialogism of Mikhail Bakhtin, to help address historiographical challenges in recovering ‘the patient’s view’. To illustrate the value of Gadamerian and Bakhtinian approaches, we apply them to a case study from the Verdun Protestant Hospital (Québec, Canada) from 1941 to 1956, which sheds light on the introduction of the first antipsychotic, chlorpromazine, into clinical practice. We highlight how Gadamer’s hermeneutics and Bakhtin’s dialogism together offer insights into patient perspectives during this liminal period in the history of psychiatry.
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Stojanovic, Aleksandra. "MAPPING THE METAFICTIONAL / MAPIRANJE METAFIKCIJE." Journal of the Faculty of Philosophy in Sarajevo / Radovi Filozofskog fakulteta u Sarajevu, ISSN 2303-6990 on-line, no. 23 (November 10, 2020): 318–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46352/23036990.2020.318.
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The aim of the paper is to present Aleksandar Hemon’s The Lazarus Project as a postmodern narrative which employs various strategies such as an altered view of history, namely history serving purely as material to construct a new narrative, a growing emphasis on the manner in which space affects one’s identity and overall hybridity in both the narrative structure and the characters themselves. We shall discuss Linda Hutcheon’s notion of historiographic metafiction as the key concept around which the narrative is formed, followed by a view of the characters’ search for identity in the metafictional labyrinth through Fredric Jameson’s concept of cognitive mapping. These two theories combined give us a more detailed look into the narrative structure of the novel and provide evidence of its postmodernity. The aforementioned hybridity will be presented in the context of the narrative structure resembling a loop due to its metafictional nature and through the amalgam of various nationalities in each character. The paper ultimately strives to express the postmodern characteristics of the narrative and draw attention to the way the themes of the literary work are emphasized by such a structure, more so than if any other narrative structure had been used.
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Brignoli, Francesco Rizzi. "The back and forth between Habermas and postmodernism." Perspectives 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pipjp-2018-0003.
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AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the dialogue between some postmodern thinkers (mostly Lyotard, Rorty and Vattimo) and Habermas’ criticism in light of a different conception of dialogue itself. Therefore, we shall first give an account of how Habermas establishes his neomodern discourse (1985) in a very close dialogue with the key concepts of postmodernism: the subject and its social role, language and the concept of philosophical truth and the postmodernist view of history (Lyotard, 1979, Vattimo, 1974, 1985, 2009; Rorty, 1989; Bauman, 1993). Secondly, dialogue will be addressed as a structural difference between Habermas’ universal normative ethic of discourse (together with Karl-Otto Apel, 1983) and the postmodern local and linguistic pluralism, emancipated from any metaphysical ratio. In the end, it will be argued that philosophy ought to be dialogical in line with Habermas’ view, within the foundation and normativity of dialogue. Postmodernist dialogue in philosophy and in society displays instead many shortcomings if understood as a pluralist linguistic game of interpretation.
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Ashraf, Ayesha, and Munawar Iqbal Ahmed. "TRANSFORMATION OF HISTORY IN THE GLASS PALACE AND BURNT SHADOWS: A POSTMODERNIST ANALYSIS." Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 58, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v58i2.6.
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South Asian English fiction, in recent decades, has significantly manifested its deepest concern for history and its relevance in the contemporary global scenario. The last couple of years have noticed the publication of many English novels by Indian and Pakistani authors that in fact belong to the very genre of postmodern historiographic metafiction. In fact, postmodern fiction writers usually deviate from the traditional representation of past events. The current study examines the way history writing is reconfigured in the selected postmodern novel. In these novels, the writers retell the traditional history through innovative narrative techniques and multiplicity of the views that de-centralize the conventional history. The present research attempts to explore Amitav Gosh’s The Glass Palace and Kamila Shamsie’s Burnt Shadows as historiographic metafiction, that is a sub-genre of postmodern fiction. The study focuses on the selected texts to explore how these novels transform the traditional history through the incorporation of magic realism, intertextuality and self-reflexivity. This research is qualitative and descriptive, while the textual analysis has been used as a research method. The theoretical concept of Linda Hutcheon is incorporated in this current study that ends with findings and recommendations for future research.
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Maslan, Mark. "Telling to Live the Tale: Ronald Reagan, Edmund Morris, and Postmodern Nationalism." Representations 98, no. 1 (2007): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2007.98.1.62.
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This essay treats the misrepresentation of personal history, by both author and subject, in Edmund Morris's controversial biography, Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan (1999) as the expression of a distinctly postmodern form of nationalism. In this version, which also informs current scholarship on the subject, historical deracination serves not simply as an obstacle to national connection but also as a basis for it. The essay closes with a critique of this paradoxical view.
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Bryant-Bertail, Sarah. "The Trojan Women a Love Story: A Postmodern Semiotics of the Tragic." Theatre Research International 25, no. 1 (2000): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300013948.
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Charles Mee, before turning to playwriting, authored several well-known political histories. To the last of these, from 1993, he gave the ironically portentous title of Playing God: Seven Fateful Moments When Great Men Met to Change the World. With this deconstructive final word after two decades as a historian, he did not in fact abandon history, but began to write it in the medium of theatre. In doing so Mee has come to share a view articulated by Roland Barthes, who was once a university student of theatre and actor in Greek tragedies: the view that theatre, and Greek tragedy in particular, can illuminate our history as a story unfolding before us, allowing us to connect critically past with present as our best hope for the future. The American director Tina Landau, a frequent collaborator with Charles Mee, likewise believes that the ancient Greek tragedies helped constitute, articulate, and today still codify the structural base in myth and history of Western civilization. Accordingly, Mee and Landau have created a number of what they call ‘site-specific pieces’ adapted from Greek drama, site-specific in that they are created out of the specific material space and time at hand. One of these is The Trojan Women a Love Story which was developed and premiered at the University of Washington in Seattle in the spring of 1996. The production was based on Euripides' play The Trojan Women and Hector Berlioz's 1859 opera Les Troyens, which in turn retells the story of Aeneas and Queen Dido of Carthage from Virgil's epic, The Aeneid.
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Hečlo, Hugh. "The Sixties' False Dawn: Awakenings, Movements, and Postmodern Policy-making." Journal of Policy History 8, no. 1 (January 1996): 34–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600005029.
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Writing in 1978 about the 1960s, William McLoughlin saw America in the midst of the fourth Great Awakening in our history. Awakenings are “periods of cultural revitalization that begin in a general crisis of beliefs and values and extend over a generation or so, during which time a profound reorientation in beliefs and values takes place. Revivals alter the lives of individuals; awakenings alter the world view of a whole people or culture.” To put it another way, awakenings are revelatory times when large numbers of people anguish over and eventually search out new self-understandings as individuals and as a society. They are like a convulsive quickening in the cultural womb.
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Soukup, Charles. "Pokémon Go as a cognitive map: Simplifying and focusing movement in postmodern urban spaces." Explorations in Media Ecology 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/eme_00034_1.
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The location-based, augmented reality video game Pokémon Go has been an unprecedented phenomenon in the short history of mobile smartphone applications. In this article, I argue that the remarkable success of Pokémon Go derives from its cognitive mapping qualities within postmodern, hyper-mediated environments. By focusing and filtering the vast information associated with navigating postmodern spaces, Pokémon Go provides individuals with greater clarity by defining the subject’s social identity in relationship to the physical environment. In particular, the game recentres the fragmented subject’s disorienting experiences associated with postmodern cultures immersed in digital information. Via its integration of location-based gaming, rudimentary augmented reality, simple mobile game design and collaborative local community-based game-play, Pokémon Go allows the individual to move about the complex urban environment with great confidence, purpose and clarity ‐ the search for Pokémon frames the player’s objectives and attention (literally via the smartphone screen). Drawing upon the media ecology tradition, the contemporary world-view or media logic of ubiquitous digital media is dominated by quantification, clear game-like rules, and the ‘productive’ collection and management of information.
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Kondali, Ksenija. "Deconstructing the Text and (Re)Constructing the Past: History and Identity in Geraldine Brooks’ People of the Book." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 5, no. 1-2 (June 16, 2008): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.5.1-2.125-138.
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This paper examines Geraldine Brooks’ latest novel People of the Book (2008) in light of postmodern critiques of history and the desire to explore and signify the past through processes of deconstructing male-centered dominance and (re)constructing histories. The paper highlights ethno-spatial representation that involves intercultural dynamics behind the fate and importance of the manuscript. Drawing on discussions of postmodern views of history and identity construction, I engage the novel against the background of these and other postmodern and postcolonial concerns, also considering intertextual effects stemming from the mixing of genres and sub-genres. Lastly, I offer a reflection about the potential of this fictional account, based on the real-life fate of a prayer book that has testified to the spirit of interfaith tolerance and mutual enrichment of diverse cultures, to provide a context for understanding contemporary preoccupations with heritage, history, memory and identity in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Kwak, Duck‐Joo. "Reconsideration of Rorty's View of the Liberal Ironist and its Implications for Postmodern Civic Education." Educational Philosophy and Theory 36, no. 4 (January 2004): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2004.00074.x.
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JAMES, SAMUEL. "LOUIS MINK, “POSTMODERNISM”, AND THE VOCATION OF HISTORIOGRAPHY." Modern Intellectual History 7, no. 1 (February 26, 2010): 151–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244309990308.
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This essay reconstructs the intellectual development of the philosopher of history Louis O. Mink Jr, in order to illuminate the philosophical background to “postmodernism” in American historical epistemology. From around 1970, Mink was a prominent and influential defender of the view that historical narratives were imaginative constructions rather than representations of past actuality. This has since been understood as a characteristically postmodern view. Mink's wider sensibility, however, is better described as modernist than postmodernist. The crucial context for his philosophy was a hostility to “positivism” going back to his graduate years at Yale, and his epistemological views were of a piece with a defence of historical understanding as both distinctive and valuable. In both respects Mink was influenced by the philosophy of R. G. Collingwood, while he was himself an important influence on Hayden White. Mink's case therefore helps bridge the gap between interwar and later twentieth-century versions of Anglophone historical contructivism, while drawing attention to some cultural contexts in which the development of both modernist and postmodernist views of historiography must be understood.
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Zhanguzhekova, D. Zh. "DISCOURSE OF MODERNITY AND POSTMODERNISM IN THE THEORIES OF J. HABERMAS." BULLETIN Series of Sociological and Political sciences 71, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-3.1728-8940.20.
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The purpose of this article is to study how the famous German philosopher Jurgen Habermas builds his neo-modernist discourse in close relation to the key concepts of postmodernism: the subject and its social role, a postmodern view of history. Habermas in his works describes the acute discussions that exist in modern philosophy and political science about whether today's society continues to belong to the Modern era, and how close to reality are the considerations that it is already living in post-modernity – postmodernism due to fundamental transformations.
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Cook, Harold J. "MARKETS AND CULTURES: MEDICAL SPECIFICS AND THE RECONFIGURATION OF THE BODY IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 21 (November 4, 2011): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440111000065.
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ABSTRACTThe history of the body is of course contested territory. Postmodern interpretations in particular have moved it from a history of scientific knowledge of its structure and function toward histories of the various meanings, identities and experiences constructed about it. Underlying such interpretations have been large and important claims about the unfortunate consequences of the rise of a political economy associated with capitalism and medicalisation. In contradistinction, this paper offers a view of that historical process in a manner in keeping with materialism rather than in opposition to it. To do so, it examines a general change in body perceptions common to most of the literature: a shift from the body as a highly individualistic and variable subject to a more universal object, so that alterations in one person's body could be understood to represent how alterations in other human bodies occurred. It then suggests that one of the chief causes of that change was the growing vigour of the market for remedies that could be given to anyone, without discrimination according to temperament, gender, ethnicity, social status or other variables in the belief that they would cure quietly and effectively. One of the most visible remedies of this kind was a ‘specific’, the Peruvian, or Jesuits’ bark. While views about specific drugs were contested, the development of a market for medicinals that worked universally helped to promote the view that human bodies are physiologically alike.
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Ophir, Adi. "Two-Tier Thinking: A Moral Point of View." Science in Context 9, no. 2 (1996): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700002416.
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Among those who know Yehuda's work, the term “two-tier thinking” is usually associated with a problematic relativist position (Elkana 1978). But “two-tier thinking” is not a name for a philosophical argument; it is best understood, I think, as a term designating certain conditions of knowledge: universal, or modern, or perhaps only postmodern conditions, but in any case, they are generalizations derived from anthropological and psychological observations on matters of facts. This is how things actually work in the sphere of knowledge: Western intellectuals and scientists tend to acknowledge that their truth claims and certainly their normative claims are incompatible with other claims that stem from other belief systems, frameworks of thought or genres of discourses, and there is no final, impartial instance of judgment to adjudicate between the incompatible claims and the conflicting systems. Lack of “final,” impartial judgment does not hinder people from taking their truth claims seriously and acting as realists within the world constituted by their particular belief systems — tier 1. But when they come to reflect upon it, as some of them do, sometimes, they acknowledge the context-dependence of this realism and the fact that there is no way to make good on its claim to universality; theirs, they know, is but one particular “belief system,” or “genre of discourse,” among many.
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Melić, Katarina V. "Hearing Silent Voices: Women and History in Assia Djebar's Novels." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v12i1.10.
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Silence in the universe of women in the Maghreb is a common topic in theFrancophone literature. The main topic in Assia Djebar’s writings in what hasbeen called the second period of her literary production (1980–1990) is resurrecting the silent voices of women in history. By breaking the silence imposed on women and giving them a voice and a memory, Assia Djebar unveils the silences of the Algerian history (past and contemporary). We intend to examine in this paper the silences unveiled by Assia Djebar in her novels of this period – Femmes d’Alger dans leur appartement, L’amour, la fantasia, Ombre sultane and Loin de Médine – in order to show how Assia Djebar (re)builds another critical view of history and restores the hidden voices of women and places for them in history, thus bringing into question the relationship between fiction and history, women and history. To this end, we will rely on theories of postmodern historiography and on the Derridean concept of phenomenological voice identified as a “third space” in which the woman exists as a subject.
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Tursunova, M. "The Image of God in A History Of The World In 10½ Chapters." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 6 (June 15, 2020): 331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/55/44.
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This article examines the literary interpretation of the story of Noah in a postmodern novel A History Of The World In 10½ Chapters by Julian Barnes, an internationally acclaimed contemporary English novelist, and justifies the author’s views on the reality of the story to realize the true image of God embodied in this work.
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Akiyoshi, Suzuki. "How to Employ Nagasaki: Kazuo Ishiguro’s A Pale View of Hills (1982)." IAFOR Journal of Literature & Librarianship 9, no. 2 (December 14, 2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ijl.9.2.04.
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Not a few scholars believe that representation of scenery in Nagasaki is a mockery in Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel A Pale View of Hills (1982). However, Etsuko’s narration faithfully represents individual facts about Nagasaki, but her combinations of facts are not consistent with the real world. Overall, Ishiguro’s narrative strategy is to represent as realistically as possible how a person’s memory works; at a time when rigid opposition between history and fiction collapsed as a result of the expanding literary theory of postmodernist positivism. A somewhat distorted narrative of recollections holds true not only in Etsuko but in human beings generally. If everything in the record of one’s past life is fictional, realizing how one’s memory is distorted or colored is impossible. Thus, Ishiguro wrote Etsuko’s reminiscences by faithfully describing facts of Nagasaki, for instance, nonlinguistic artifacts and relics, but making them anachronistic or discordant in time and space. This strategy resists the postmodern view of history and simultaneously emphasizes human memories’ ambiguities and distortions. Nagasaki, as a faithful background setting for Etsuko’s memories, is entirely plausible because Ishiguro was born and raised there until he was six years old. Yet, the realism of A Pale View of Hills encompasses a universal story of reminiscence or human testimony by employing the narratives of an atomic-bomb victim and a war bride.
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Martín-Párraga, Javier. "Miguel de Cervantes’s Don Quixote and John Barth’s The Sot-Weed Factor: A Deconstructive Reading." Open Cultural Studies 1, no. 1 (November 27, 2017): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2017-0030.
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Abstract Miguel de Cervantes’s Don Quixote is one of the earliest and most influential novels in the history of Western literature. John Barth’s The Sot-Weed Factor, published almost three centuries later, can be considered as one of the most seminal postmodern novels ever written in the English language. The goal of this paper is to examine Cervantes’s influence on John Barth in particular and in American postmodernism from a more general point of view. For the Spanish genius’ footsteps on American postmodernism, a deconstructive reading will be employed. Consequently, concepts such as deconstruction of binary opposites, the role of the subaltern or how the distinction between history and story are paramount to both Cervantes and Barth will be used.
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Hogan, Trevor. "The Quest for the Historical Essence of Ernst Troeltsch." Pacifica: Australasian Theological Studies 7, no. 3 (October 1994): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1030570x9400700304.
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Until the seventies, Karl Barth's picture of Ernst Troeltsch (1865–1923) dominated the Anglo-phone reception of Troeltsch. In this reading, Troeltsch is the last of the great liberal protestant theologians who endeavoured to save Christianity by romanticising the Enlightenment. But that was Barth's Troeltsch. The past twenty years of Troeltsch studies have undermined this hegemonic view to recover a proto—postmodern thinker who recognised the profound cultural implications of the epistemological views embedded in modern science as in history and sociology. For Troeltsch the implications of epistemological relativity and historical relativism required the historicisation of the essence of Christianity. It also required a reformulation of the central doctrines of Christian faith; this was Troeltsch's theological project. Finally, it required a search for a modern form of Christian faith which authenticated personal mysticism and achieved normative Christian community life within a broader domain of a secular social democratic polity.
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Levitsky, V. S. "The Logic of the West’s History: Three Ages." Observatory of Culture 15, no. 3 (August 19, 2018): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2018-15-3-260-270.
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The postmodern turn of the last quarter of the twentieth century, which consisted in a fi - nal rejection of metanarratives, makes great philosophical systems one of the areas of mythological narratives. However, this fact does not mean we do not have to comprehend the modern situation, which has become an inalienable attribute of modern identity. In this way, generalized metaphors, generalizing our knowledge at the intuitive level of aesthetic perception, become more and more important. From this philosophical and metaphorical instrumentation’s point of view, the history of the West can be schematically described in the form of three ages, symbolized, respectively, by the Mind (intelligence), the Reason, and the Sensuality, each of them having their own unique system-forming meanings that suggest relevant cultural practices. The Mind, or the age of Antiquity, affi rms the identity of the unconcealed in reality with the ontological basis of the existing — the cosmic mind. The Christian Middle Ages raise the line between the world of divine archetypes and sinful empirism. The Reason becomes human’s symbol and destiny. The new age or Modernity focuses on what is happening here and right now, brings reality to the momentary and pragmatic, and therefore can be described as the age of Sensuality. Thus, the logic of the West’s history, understood in this way, allows us to look at the whole historical process from a new perspective, at the same time opposing it (the logic) to the classical view, which became classical in the times of M. Weber, on history as on an ongoing process of disenchantment, the result of which is the mankind teleologically moving towards the incarnation of formal rationality.
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Mooney, Catherine M. "Interdisciplinarity in Teaching Medieval Mysticism: the Case of Angela of Foligno." Horizons 34, no. 1 (2007): 54–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900003935.
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ABSTRACTThis essay addresses two related challenges facing educators who teach about medieval saints, mystics, and their texts. The first is how to relate to the theologies and spiritualities of people who inhabited cultures radically distinct from the modern and postmodern periods. The second regards the contemporary tendency to evaluate medieval believers in terms of modernist intellectual frameworks, most notably clinical psychological categories. A case study approaching the medieval mystic Angela of Foligno from three disciplinary points of view—clinical psychology, historical theology, and cultural history—illustrates how educators might respond to students' penchant to privilege clinical psychology when considering medieval mystics and saints, and shows not only the complementarity of interdisciplinarity, but also its limitations.
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Flothow, Dorothea. "Kings, Celebrities and Working Mums: Kjartan Poskitt’s Plays for Young Actors as History and Entertainment." Synthesis: an Anglophone Journal of Comparative Literary Studies, no. 8 (December 1, 2015): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/syn.16214.
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After postmodern approaches called into question the foundations of academic history in the 1970s and 1980s, recent studies have identified a new boom in popular history formats such as historical novels, costume drama and TV documentaries. This trend has also spurred new theoretical approaches towards (popular) history, which are both a continuation and a reaction to postmodern theories. On the basis of these, this paper analyses two plays by the British writer and comedian Kjartan Poskitt – Henry the Tudor Dude: A Musical Play (1995) and Nell’s Belles: The Swinging Sixteen-Sixties Show: A Musical (2002)—both aimed at young amateur actors. These two plays present panoramic views of the lives of the English kings Henry VIII and Charles II, respectively, and show their objects in a highly entertaining and irreverent light, concentrating on their flamboyant private lives and personal failures. The paper demonstrates how these plays approach the dual aims of teaching and entertaining that are so typical of both children’s literature and popular history in general. Moreover, it argues that though the plays represent a new development in the previously neglected field of historical drama for the young, they can also serve to demonstrate recent theoretical approaches towards (popular) history.
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Slattery, Patrick. "A Postmodern Vision of Time and Learning: A Response to the National Education Commission Report Prisoners of Time." Harvard Educational Review 65, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 612–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.65.4.0908t56382151541.
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In this article, Patrick Slattery challenges the assumptions underlying many educational policy documents, such as the 1994 Report, Prisoners of Time, which, in Slattery's view, depict time as both an object to control and as a dictator of the linear sequencing that shapes schooling. Slattery argues for a proleptic understanding of time in education. That is, he calls for an understanding that acknowledges how time interconnects with classroom life by providing an overview of various perspectives from classical physics that illuminate the interdependence of the space-time continuum, by addressing the role of personal history in influencing the relationships of students and teachers, and by advocating for curricula that connect to the realities of students' lives.
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Milenković, Miloš. "The Influence of Johannes Fabian on Claude Lévi -Strauss." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 5, no. 1 (February 19, 2010): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v5i1.2.
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In his explicitly theoretical works, Johannes Fabian, one of the key intradisciplinary "affinities" of the author-founder of postmodern anthropology, constructed a specific view of Claude Lévi-Strauss's structuralism, which, as reinterpreted by critical anthropologists, was to fundamentally shape the history of anthropological post-structuralism. In order to explain that the constitution of the subject of research through research itself – i.e. "the invention of the subject of anthropology" – should be accorded the status of the crucial problem of anthropological methodology, Fabian imputed to Lévi-Strauss a rigid and amateurish preconception of research in the natural sciences as inherently positivist. The opposition structuralism/poststructuralism = positivism/postpositivism thus implied was to permanently reshape discussions on realism in critical anthropology, with absurd consequences. The most important of these was the supposedly "antirealist" character of postmodern anthropology, as a direct derivative of critical anthroplogy, which, being aware that reality is created by research, was now seen to play a somehow more ethical and less repressive part in knowledge/power games. The delight at the discovery of this methodological commonplace – that the subject of research is constituted by research itself – might have been but a matter of passing interest, being itself a common enough phenomenon, had not this particular intradisciplinary exchange led to the discrediting of the entire methodological package associated with structuralism. Paradoxically, the retaining of a realistic, radically antipositivist structural method would have made possible the achievement of the cultural-critical ambitions of postmodern anthropology's research program, had not the method been ineptly contaminated by this chain of activist reinterpretation which eventually frustrated the aims it had set out to accomplish.
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Najjarzadeha, Mohammad Sadegh. "Don DeLillo’s Cosmopolis: Conceptualizing of Zygmunt Bauman’s Liquid Modernity." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 60 (September 2015): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.60.87.
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The more we move onward in America’s history, the more the effect of technology and science can be felt quite tangible. To live in the present era makes this even more notable since the age is going through and begetting such pervasive phenomenon like consumerism .The fact is that this notion is strongly propagated in the postmodern era. Families in this era can be vividly identified as the mere slaves of technology and its omnivorous progeny, consumerism. Donald Richard DeLillo as a postmodern author paid a comprehensive attention to this issue of technology and consumerism in his novels. One of the theorists who has extensively written in the field of consumerism is the polish sociologist , Zygmunt Bauman (1929) who in his book Liquid Modernity asserts a new term for the present condition of the world as it is the antithesis of the preceded solid modernity.Surely, the postmodern world owes a great deal of its liquidity to the prevalence and perfection of consumerism. Cosmopolisdepicts a society or even more limited, a family or a youngster that is not deliberately, entangled in the ruling of technology and consumerism. What is depicted in Comopolis is a combination of the role and dominance of technology and consumerism to form the sociology of a postmodern individual, family, and society.Also, the primary determinant that is technology,is explored in its relation to the other factors. Due to the candidness of most of his futuristic novels, Don DeLillo’s views show little optimism for success within his fictional postmodern world. He has always been blunt at telling us where American postmodern society is going. This paper aims to expose the America’s society in Cosmopolis which is the materialization of a well-developed consumer society, into the theories and concepts by Zygmunt Bauman.
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Schwartz, Nancy. "Dreaming in Color: Anti-Essentialism in Legio Maria Dream Narratives." Journal of Religion in Africa 35, no. 2 (2005): 159–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570066054024631.
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AbstractThe article examines dreaming and dream narratives in Legio Maria, sub-Saharan Africa's largest African instituted church with a Roman Catholic background. Most Legios valorize a Black Christ and Black Mary but do so while espousing anti-essentialist attitudes towards racialization of the sacred. The social, cultural and symbolic hybridity of the Joluo (Kenya Luo), who still form the majority of the membership in this multi-ethnic, multi-national church, has influenced Legios' religious outlook. Legios' views are contrasted with some white and black theologies that take more monochrome, particularistic positions on the color of the Trinity, the Virgin Mary, Satan, saints, angels and demons. I discuss how Legios' eclectic altar iconography and dreams interact and influence one another. The article demonstrates that Legio Maria's theology of color has resonances with the perspectives on postmodern humanism and postmodern blackness formulated by scholars like Michel Foucault, Kwame Anthony Appiah, Vincent Anderson and bell hooks.
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Barbesino, Paolo, and Salvino A. Salvaggio. "How is a Sociology of sociological Knowledge possible?" Social Science Information 35, no. 2 (June 1996): 341–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901896035002010.
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By deconstructing Merton's distinction between the history and systematics of sociological thought, this paper aims first at uncoupling the process of legitimation of sociology as a scientific discipline from classical narratives commonly arranged around the “founding fathers”. Second, a constructivist approach to the history of sociology is deployed by dealing with issues of reflexivity. Drawing on the concept of autopoiesis, internal links are highlighted between the chance of persistence of a scientific domain and the conditions of its possibility. In line with Steve Woolgar, a reflexive Sociology of sociological Knowledge (SsK) is said to be possible by deconstructing the standard view of science, and its implementation within social sciences. This requires an integration of: (a) the post-structuralist concept of “discipline” as put forward by Michel Foucault; (b) postmodern theories prompting an understanding of cognitive differentiation of scientific discourses as a kind of “self-similarity” within a given episteme; and (c) Niklas Luhmann's systems theory focusing on the functional differentiation of science.
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Yıldız Kuyrukçu, Emine, and Hatice Ülkü Ünal. "Examining “Eclektic”, “Kitch” “Neoclasic” and “Orientalist” architectural production methods on university structures." Journal of Human Sciences 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 108–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v18i1.6143.
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Postmodern architectural products that can be described as kitsch have become rapidly consumed objects because they have appealed to the whole society. As a demand stimulating, easily comprehensible, and rapidly consumable product, kitsch has gained an important place in postmodern culture and architecture. These features of kitsch have easily made it a paradoxical part of consumption culture. After the Neoclassical boom in the 18th century, architectural movements such as Eclecticism, Orientalism, and Historicism became widespread in the 19th century. Towards the end of the 20th century, these tendencies came to the fore again within the Postmodern paradigm, and new kitsch architectural structures have begun to be produced in these undertakings in accordance with the spirit of the period. Eclecticism which has become prominent again in postmodern architecture has been referred to as neo-eclecticism or eclectic populism and has been defined as a style that ‘complexity, uncertainty and contradictions’ are expressed, ‘references from history and symbolic elements are used. Together with various historical forms in the postmodern period, orientalist images have been also used. Images consisting of stylized views of the Western culture on the Orient and that are not based on an authentic eastern depiction have been used in the production of orientalist architectural form. In recent years, eclectic, kitsch, orientalist, neoclassical forms that are independent of context and time have been frequently encountered in architectural applications in also Turkey. On one hand, elements from Turkish culture have been used and on the other hand, architectural elements from foreign cultures have been preferred. It is seen that there have been contradictions between form and meaning in educational structures built in Turkey during the period that the paradigms of the Postmodern era have been dominant. In this study, it is aimed to read and analyze the concepts of kitsch, eclecticism, neoclassicism, orientalism in the postmodern paradigm on recent university buildings and campus portals. In line with this purpose, an extensive literature research was conducted within the scope of the study; in the case study, recent university buildings and portals were analyzed in terms of postmodernism, the historical periods and architectural elements they derived were determined.
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Nagel, Alexander-Kenneth. "Charitable Choice: The Religious Component of the US-Welfare-Reform — Theoretical and Methodological Reflections on "Faith-Based-Organizations" as Social Service Agencies." Numen 53, no. 1 (2006): 78–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852706776942294.
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AbstractAre religious institutions gaining new strength in the modern welfare state? The concept of "Charitable Choice" is part of a comprehensive welfare reform under the Clinton-Government in 1996. It aims at the formal inclusion of religious organizations ("Faith-Based-Organizations") into the public welfare system. The new relevance of religious organizations as social service providers goes along with a shift of ideas of social inequality and deviant behaviour in terms of having not only structural and economic but also behavioural and moral reasons. The question arises, what is so productive about Faith-Based-Organizations, and, are religious institutions perhaps even more efficient than "secular" agencies? In this essay, I will discuss these questions from a theoretical and methodological point of view, arguing that religious studies have to adjust their analytical framework to the new situation. Religion has by no means lost its collective and material dimension. Therefore, I shall present neo-institutional- and neo-capital-theories as more appropriate approaches than the outdated remains of secularization theory or postmodern etherealism.
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Smith, Tyron Tyson, and Ajit Duara. "Postmodernism: The American T.V. Show, 'Family Guy, As a Politically Incorrect Document." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (August 24, 2021): 4868–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2510.
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Postmodernism is a movement that grew out of modernism. Movements in art, literature, and cinema focused on a particular stance. The visual artists who created entertainment focused on expressing the creator herself/himself beginning from German expressionism to modernism, surrealism, cubism, etc. These art movements played an important part in what an artist (literature, art, and visual) portrayed to his or her audience. As perspectives played an important part, an understanding of what the artist needed to portray was critical. Modernism dealt with this portrayal, which came about due to the changes taking place in society. In terms of the industry, where the overall product dealt with features like individualism, experimentation and absurdity, modernism dealt with a need to overthrow past notions of what painting, literature, and the visual arts needed to be. "After World War II, the focus moved from Europe to the United States, and abstract expressionism (led by Jackson Pollock) continued the movement's momentum, followed by movements such as geometric abstractions, minimalism, process art, pop art, and pop music." Postmodernism helped do away with these shortcomings. An understanding of postmodernism is explored in this paper. The main point which sets it apart is concepts like pastiche, intersexuality, and spectacle. Concerning pop culture, an understanding of referencing is a constant trait used by postmodern art. Postmodern television and the central part of this study applied to the popular animated American TV show, 'family guy' is a postmodern show in its truest form, while attempting to use certain aspects of postmodernism tropes to help emphasize that visual art can be considered a historical document while doing an in-depth analysis of the visual text of 'family guy by itself, several other research papers were used to help further put in stone that 'family guy' is a true representation of postmodern television. It is divided into two phases of data collection: context analysis, which involves a qualitative study. The second being in-depth interviews (also qualitative) which in itself helps give a subjective view of participants between the ages of 20 and 28. These comprise students who are familiar with the show and the concepts of the show. All of them, both frequent viewers of the show and those also politically informed of world politics, helped further emphasize the concept of the paper, which was the idea of how a television show in all its absurd narrative and pastiche functions as a historical document. The purpose of this study, along with the results for this research, is to help bring about the comprehension of how postmodern shows are influenced by other past events, figures of history, etc.; this understanding can explain how a television show like 'family guy could be considered a historical document – by its narrative, by the cultural references connected to these said events, and also with the help of paintings, which the makers of the show use to design the episode of the show, and which reflect and refer to the actual historical figures. Historiography is being proven to be biased in more ways than one, which leads us to an understanding of a different narrative depending on one’s own opinions of history and historical documents as we know it.
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Lumsden, Stephen. "The production of space at Nineveh." Iraq 66 (2004): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900001777.
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Space, or spatiality, has generally been relegated to the background by historians and social scientists (Soja 1989). The Cartesian worldview demands a separation between thinking and the material world, between mind and matter. In this view space is seen simply as something that can be objectively measured, an absolute, a passive container (Merrifield 1993: 518).An alternative view, propounded mainly by postmodern geographers, regards space as a “medium rather than a container for action”, something that is involved in action and cannot be divided from it (Tilley 1994: 10). Space is not an empty, passive container, but an active process that is both constituted and constitutive (Merrifield 1993: 521). So, in this view the social, historical, and the spatial are interwoven dimensions of life (Soja 1999: 263–4). History and society are not understood if space is omitted; there is, in fact, no unspatialised social reality (Soja 1989: 131–7; 1996: 46, 70–6).The philosopher Henri Lefebvre's concept of the social production of space plays an important part in this latter view of the active role of space in social processes. Lefebvre criticises the notion that space is transparent, neutral and passive, and formulates in its place an active, operational and instrumental notion of space (Lefebvre 1991: 11). He argues that it is the spatial production process that should be the object of interest rather than “things” in space, and that space is both a medium of social relations and a material product that can affect social relations (Lefebvre 1991: 36–7; Gottdiener 1993).
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Richardson, Theresa. "Ambiguities in the Lives of Children: Postmodern Views on the History and Historiography of Childhood in English Canada." Paedagogica Historica 32, no. 2 (January 1996): 363–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0030923960320205.
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Mihailova, N. V. "Alien’s exclusion vs Other’s inclusion." Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly, no. 7 (July 2021): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/am.07-21.085.
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Researched are some theoretical foundations of inclusive and exclusive strategies. The study is based on culturological and anthropological (sociocultural anthropology) research tools and views as well as on axiological and cultural-semiotic approaches. It is shown that inclusive / exclusive strategies are connected with perception of groups and individuals as Alien / Other. Three aspects of the issue are investigated: forming of different types of attitude towards Alien / Other in history retrospective and specificities of their existence in postmodern post-industrial society and culture; axiological base of forming of alienation as depreciation and the problem of overcoming it; actuality of sociocultural adaptation of “majorities” to Others’ presence. The author concludes that the “Alien” and “Other” division is productive for deeper understanding of what exclusion and inclusion are and how they work. Inclusiveness is shown as a factor of adaptation and a criteria of societies’ adaptability to polysemiotic feature of postmodern (meta)culture, filled with Others’ cultures. Exclusion is shown as the protective mechanism, embodied in Other’s depreciation, displacement and turning Other into Alien.
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Idel, M. "White Letters: From R. Levi Isaac of Berditchev's Views to Postmodern Hermeneutics." Modern Judaism 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2006): 169–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mj/kjj012.
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Kulagina-Stadnichenko, Hanna M. "Strategies of Contemporary Islamic Studies." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 31-32 (November 9, 2004): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2004.31-32.1552.
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The events of recent years have led to a revision of the concept of "bipolar world". It became apparent that understanding the perspectives of world history through the concept of "formation", which was based on the theory of "classes" and "class struggle", lost its leading place in national history. Thus, the idea of “comprehending history-” by comparing and analyzing different civilizations, whose models are built on the basis of different types of cultures and, above all, of different religions, becomes more promising. However, it should be noted not only a significant change in ideological paradigms in the understanding of modern realities, but also the common that unites them. A legacy left over from previous times and one of the dominant features of modern science is the consideration of development through conflict, collision, "unity and the struggle of opposites." It is this view that prevails in assessing our age as conflicting, which is explained by the dissimilarity of cultural traditions that are "rooted" in different religions. It is clear that similar explanations lead to disappointing predictions that are ambiguous in their consequences. The latter depend, in particular, on Ukraine's global environment: the postmodern super-civilization of the West - the post-industrial, post-Christian type, on the one hand, and the Islamic world of the Eastern Territories, on the other.
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Galytska, Iuliia. "Alias in women's literature: feminist aspects in a gender context." Grani 23, no. 4 (July 5, 2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172038.
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The problem of the identity of the woman hiding her gender under a male pseudonym makes us recollect U. Eco’s arguments about the truth and the purpose of literature as well as A. F. Losev’s ideas about the name and the meaning, the theories of the feminist literary critics K. Millett, M. Ellman, T. Moi, E. Showalter, etc. who have presented "women`s writing" and "writing about women" in the feminist field. As one of the central principles of feminist criticism is that no scientific view can ever be neutral, the problem of pseudonyms occupies an important place in the contemporary gender studies, explicitly or implicitly highlighting the artificially constructed debate, which divides "serious male literature" and "superficial and secondary female writing". On the one hand, this is the problem of feminism itself, on the other, it is a question of the role and place of the woman in the world` culture and history. In this kind of the analysis we cannot ignore such an epiphenomenon of postmodernism as "label change" with the postmodern emphasis on the sociocultural role of the context, which is especially relevant in aspects of the gender "name problem". The last one, undoubtedly, is included in the problematization of postmodern culture on the whole, since all cultural narratives have always been gender "stories". Today an individual construct his or her gender-reflecting reality, still the modelling of the new gender system is far from being complete. The created sign systems are ambivalent, the meanings are very unstable and can easily be hermeneutically interpreted. However, the role of hermeneutics in analyzing the relationship between the author and the sociocultural context is in the core of the gender aspects of literature, in general, and in the problems of the pseudonym as a change of "name", in particular. The latter is by all means relevant and important. Undoubtedly, one of the main incentives for feminist scholars in their turn to women's literature is connected with the patriarchal demand for women's "silence", their "dumbness" in culture and, accordingly, in literature. Obviously, there are two main interpretations of the concept of "female literature" in feminist criticism. The first one is the representation of female subjectivity in its difference from the male one. The second approach is the representation of "non-essentialist" female subjectivity, which is understood as the logical structure of the difference. In general, in the patriarchal dichotomy of the femininity and masculinity "women who write" are always dangerous. "Three strange sisters" – Anne, Charlotte and Emily Bronte wrote their novels under disguise of male pen names, exactly specifying two conceptual motives: the "Other" concept and the image of "Veil". In this context the motive of androgyny is also important from the point of view of both analysis and literary criticism. In ХIXth century George Sand (Aurora Dupin), having most vividly represented this concept, became an example for many subsequent generations of feminists – writers, actresses and media representatives. However, in our era of gender plurality, the question of the pseudonym as a problem of "genders" is not so relevant; more likely it is still a question of the priorities in the feminist theory. In the contemporary discourse of literary criticism many of the author’s socially significant features are perceived as gender neutral. In the postmodern paradigm the question of the androgynous identity of the man/woman writer requires its further actualization as the androgynous is often replaced by the bisexuality (J. Irving` "In One Person"). In general, it should be recognized that postmodern approaches to gender identity, which paint a "picture of the world" today, transform the female experience of being as the "Other", secondary and insignificant with a conceptual orientation to a fundamental variety of postmodern cognitive perspectives.
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Rowe, John Carlos. "Nineteenth-Century United States Literary Culture and Transnationality." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 118, no. 1 (January 2003): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081203x59847.
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The term transnationalism is used frequently in reference to the rapid circulation of “capital, labor, technology, and media images” in the global economy governed by postindustrial capitalism (Sharpe 110). When incorporated into such phrases as transnational capitalism, the term implies a critical view of historically specific late modern or postmodern practices of globalizing production, marketing, distribution, and consumption for neocolonial ends. By the same token, transnationalism is often used to suggest counterhegemonic practices prompted by or accompanying the migrations and diasporas occasioned by these new economic processes of globalization. Thus, Homi Bhabha's privileging of “cultural hybridity” as a way to resist global homogenization is often traceable to his emphasis on “migrant workers,” who are “part of the massive economic and political diaspora of the modern world” and thus “embody […] that moment blasted out of the continuum of history” (8). If these new, exploited cosmopolitans experience every day their dislocation from the familiar boundaries of nation, first language, and citizenship, they may also be particularly able to comprehend how to negotiate transnational situations, even in some cases turning such circumstances to their advantage.
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Prysyazhnyuk, Yurii. "History of Ukrainian Peasantry of the Dnipro Ukraine in the Research Perspectives of Postgumnism." Roxolania Historĭca = Historical Roxolania 1 (November 13, 2018): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/30180110.
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Modern Ukrainian historiography of the peasantry is in a position where both modern and postmodern researches are recognized as the scientifically capable ones for proper methodological substantiation and presentation. And while science, as it is known, seeks to focus on innovations that are characterized by greater productivity, convincing argumentation, all of them can still rely on an interested reader. Given this and some other circumstances, the proposed intelligence is a kind of attempt to show how against the backdrop of little apparent crisis phenomena in the methodology of history seem to be efforts aimed at the research prospects of post-human studies. The historiographic feature of intelligence is the author's appeal to a rather wide range of studies of European (more general – Western) scholars, who in the article presented primarily a collection of well – known Polish historians Eve Domanska and Tomas Vyslich. Post-humanism is presented as a complex of institutionalized tendencies and research areas, thoughtfully, intellectually and ethically connected with it. She claims a wide range of "reformal changes" in the methodology of creating historical knowledge, but has not yet been confirmed as a dominant (or even recognized) paradigm. Accordingly, the author tries to find out how scientifically substantiated abandonment of the principles of modernism opens the prospect of a more reliable understanding of the modern world. Critics are subjected to the principles established in modern Ukrainian historiography as anthropocentrism and secularization. They are known to have caused a lot of interpretative inconvenience to researchers in the agrarian society. Qualitative thinking also requires the usual term "Ukrainian peasantry". It loses its widespread significance, because artificially, and therefore, from a scientific point of view it is not justified to "modernize" the peasant traditional world. Post Humanism recognizes the expediency of post-colonial studies. From the point of view of the needs of Ukrainian peasant studies, this is understandable, if we consider that the modernist professed Eurocentrism, it does not refuse from its prevalence, even though it includes both post-European and post-colonial initiatives. In the end, historians (historiographers) will love to "emphasize" under the next flash of activization of peasant studies. Such statements also provoke the logic of creating mega-narratives, since each block of such intellectual products claims to be some kind of (or desired) completeness. The author argues that post humanism destroys this tradition, opens up new horizons for interpreting the past of an "awkward class".
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Abdullah, M. Amin. "Epistemologi Keilmuan Kalam dan Fikih dalam Merespon Perubahan di Era Negara-Bangsa dan Globalisasi (Pemikiran Filsafat Keilmuan Agama Islam Jasser Auda)." Media Syari'ah : Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial 14, no. 2 (October 30, 2012): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jms.v14i2.1871.
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Clumps of Islamic scholarship include, among others, Kalam, Tafsir, Hadith, Fiqh, Philosophy, Mysticism. Also can be added Ulum al-Qur’an, Ulum al-Hadith, Arabic with it various branches. In terms of “Kalamâ€, often more popularly called Aqeedah, Fiqh is called Shariah and Sufism called Akhlaq. Thus, the Islamic religious sciences trilogy as found in Islamic religious education in schools covering Aqidah - actually a discussion on Kalam/ theology, Worship-represented by Fiqh or Shariah-and Akhlaq-whose roots are Tasawwuf. Internal relationships between all disciplines of Islamic sciences are often interrelated, because they are actually could not be segregated and separated. This kind of Islamic sciences relationship are not alike with the relationship between Mathematics, Sociology and Law where their discussions can really be separated, meanwhile the relationships among Islamic sciences indeed interrelated to one another. In such approach, then when the paper titled ‘Kalam’, in fact it discusses very indirectly related to the discussion of Fiqh / Shari‘ah, Philosophy and Mysticism. When mentioned “Kalam†here means a way of life or view of religious Islamic World, which includes a variety of many disciplines in Islamic sciences. This paper is going to discuss Jasser Auda’s idea to answer the questions: whether the world view of Islam colored Religiously static (ghairu qabilin li al-niqash wa al-taghyir) or vice versa, the Islamic religious world view actual dynamic (qabilun li al-niqash wa al-taghyir) so that the concepts, understanding and interpretation of the old and new can be moved on a dialogue and discussion without unnecessary tension because of the history of human development and history of Muslims continues and always on the move and change according to the motion of the universe, as in fact the planet is spinning move as the movement and rotation of the other planets. In this paper, “Kalam†will be seen in the context of historical changes in human experience, from the traditional era, then how in the modern and postmodern as well as contemporary Muslim intellectuals, as Jasser Auda react it and how about the form or format Kalam world view in a nation-state era and in the global era like nowadays. What are the implications and consequences on education, propaganda, social- community relations, politics and so on.
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Zekri, Souhir. "A Demythologized Auto/Biography: Beginnings and Evolution of Metabiography in Feminine Postmodern Fiction." European Journal of Life Writing 5 (February 20, 2016): 13–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/ejlw.5.160.
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The postmodern features of English fiction like fragmentation and metafictionality seem to find an equivalent in life writing and metabiography. Such instances of metabiography either expose the protagonist in the process of writing a biography or memoir, and/or include extracts of life writings which are textually incorporated in their original format. The aim of this paper is first to explore the structural characteristics of metabiography and its evolution from a theme to a structure/form, through Henry James’s The Aspern Papers (1888), A.S. Byatt’s The Biographer’s Tale (2000) and Marina Warner’s fiction. As Richard Holmes explains, “the boundaries between fact and fiction have become controversial and perilous” (16), boundaries which are crossed by Warner and Byatt, both postmodern female novelists who rely on the plurality of voices and textual collage instead of the conventional omniscient narrator and the linear narrative represented by James. Second, the focus will be on the strategies combining the aesthetic with the ethical, or “the political desire to write the histories of the marginalised, the forgotten, the unrecorded” (Byatt On Histories 10-11) through metabiographical autobiographies and diaries in Warner’s Indigo and The Lost Father. The life writing themes treated in these novels are also studied in relation to the modernist and postmodernist views of reality, history and representation which they reflect. This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on April 27th 2016, and published on February 21st 2016.
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Long, Judi. "Miss-Iology Meets Ms-Theology." Mission Studies 19, no. 1 (2002): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338302x00099.
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AbstractMissiology and feminist theology are becoming recognized as significant voices in contemporary Christian theology, both seeking to add other dimensions to the traditional elements of theology. Missiology seeks to bring mission back into the mainstream of Christian life and thought. While there is no one feminist theology but rather a diverse range of feminist theologies, these all seek to have the perspectives of women taken seriously in all aspects of theology. Both feminist theologies and missiology have areas that the other can critique. However, most importantly, they also have areas that can be enriched by engagement with each other. Missiology like much theology, has tended to be written by men, and focuses largely on the activities and priorities of men. It can benefit from the recognition of the role of women in mission both as missionaries, and as the missionised. Women have played a crucial role in mission that is only recently being recognized and affirmed. Feminist theologies have not tended to address issues of mission with the exception of the criticism of patriarchal missionary methods and their impact upon women. Missiology challenges feminist theologies to take seriously the core truths of the gospel and how these relate to world in which we live. The creative interaction between feminist theologies and missiology will have implications for our whole understanding of God, for our view of the Bible, and for how the gospel relates to a postmodern society. Both missiology and feminist theologies have challenges to bring to traditional theology. As they engage with each other, new and exciting aspects of both feminist theologies and missiology emerge that can be developed and explored.
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Elliott, Curtis. "Mission as Ascetic Experience: Hesychasm and the Anthropology of Sergei Horujy for Mission Theology." Mission Studies 28, no. 2 (2011): 228–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338311x602361.
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Abstract This article traces the development of hesychasm, a common prayer practice in the Eastern Orthodox tradition, from the fourth century A.D. to the present and proposes an understanding of missional theology that is grounded in hesychast theological anthropology. The theological foundation of hesychasm rests upon the view that humanity is open to the transformative union with God through prayer. This foundation reformulates the conception of mission theology as an in-depth ascetic experience of God’s presence that encompasses the various manifestations of human missional experience. The paper interacts with the development of hesychast doctrine from the fourth century in the African desert, to its formulation by Gregory Palamas in the fourteenth century, and finally culminating in the contemporary philosophical writings of Sergei Horujy. Horujy is a physicist at Moscow State University and an Orthodox theologian. His synergistic school of anthropology conceives of humanity as consisting of a triple border: ontological, ontic, and virtual. He is deeply indebted to Gregory Palamas’ distinction between essence and energies, that is, between God’s core being and his manifestations as experienced in hesychast prayer practice. Horujy applies this distinction, particularly the “energies,” as a way to conceive theological anthropology. His own project in part critiques the modern and postmodern crisis of the human subject and in part redefines the complex humanity around a spiritual core. Incorporating Horujy’s synergistic anthropology into a theology of mission means viewing humanity’s potential for union with God as both a process and outcome for mission practice. Mission can no longer be viewed as an appendage of the Christian life, but is actually a means of experiencing union with God.
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Grosheva, Irina A., Igor L. Groshev, and Lyubov I. Grosheva. "Collective memory of student youth in the post-modern era." Siberian Socium 4, no. 3 (2020): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2587-8484-2020-4-3-33-48.
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The lack of consensus in society on the most important problems of history negatively affects the formation of the collective memory of the younger generation. The socialization of millennials (in the terms of N. Howe and W. Strauss) has specific features that become the main tool for the formation of a new collective identity. In the postmodern era, society faces a number of risks and needs recommendations to mitigate them. The purpose of this article is to reveal the features of the collective memory of student youth on the example of the perception of the events of the Great Patriotic War (WWII) in the conditions of a super-tolerant postmodern society. The following concepts were chosen as the methodological basis of the research: social construction (P. Berger, T. Luckmann), the concept of collective memory (M. Halbwachs, P. Nora, A. Assmann), as well as the post-structuralist direction of postmodernism (Z. Bauman, J. Baudrillard). The empirical base of the study was formed by the results of a large-scale research project of the Russian Society of Sociologists “Russian Students on the Great Patriotic War”, which has a fifteen-year history. Processing the data obtained has required using the software product Vortex 10. To study the peculiarities of young people’s perception of the events of the war years, the authors have chosen problematic issues, actualized by modern socio-political processes. The results have revealed the prerequisites for the alienation of generations (lack of discussion of events with relatives), as well as some inconsistencies in the perceptions of young people about the role of the countries participating in the Second World War to the real historical reality. The novelty of the results was predetermined by the identification of features in the views of civilian and military youth concerning controversial issues of history, explained by differences in the educational environment. In addition, the differences in ideas about patriotism in the two youth groups are shown and attributive markers of the concept of “patriotism” are proposed. The results obtained may be of interest to researchers studying youth problems.
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Martynov, Andrii. "The Process of European Integration as Historical Phenomena." European Historical Studies, no. 12 (2019): 48–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2019.12.48-76.
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The purpose of the article is to highlight the structure of the historical process of European integration. Historical phenomenon of the process of European integration is considered as a historiosophical example of unevenness and not the linearity of development. The Great French Revolution set two opposite trends: the development of sovereign national powers while simultaneously spreading universal cosmopolitan ideas. Two world wars weakened Europe’s influence on world history. The idea of “Eurocentrism” turned to the background. The process of European integration has recreated Europe’s influence on the world-historical process. An interdisciplinary methodological approach to the study of European integration considers it an anonymous socio-historical process. The history of Europe demonstrates the various stages of the development of a liberal rational-market project, which is an integral result of the interaction of different social interests. An alternative is the project of ideocratic, focused on the priority of democratic values, human rights, which are the foundation of European modern civilization. The history of European integration of 1957-1990 was a process of overcoming the ideological split of the continent to the East and West in the Cold War. The Maastricht Treaty actually became a watershed in the transition to a postmodern model of European integration. The experience of developing the European integration process has fixed the following main integration-political strategies: federative community; linear expansion and cooperation of the Union of European Peoples; dual strategy: expansion and deepening of integration; d) flexibility and differentiation of “Europe of Nations”; creation of an integration core of Europe and a strategy of many speeds in the process of European integration, (g) intergovernmental cooperation strategy, sectoral integration, (i) the Directorate of the great powers, Europe of flexible geography, or concentric circles. Therefore, from the point of view of the historical process, the crisis of European integration is structural rather than systemic.
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Bilchenko, Yevgenia V., and Stefaniуa A. Danilova. "The Poet as A Subject of Language: Ontological Bases of Signs and Trend Meanigs of Society." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education 2, no. 6 (November 2020): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.6-20.260.
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The article reveals the problem of the ontological meaning of the life and functioning of the poet in its relationship with the communicative practices of contemporary global world. As a result of comparing the two ways of thought (globalism — antiglobalism, traditionalism — neoliberalism, modern — postmodern), the authors come to a preliminary conclusion that it is unacceptable for the creative industries of branding and PR to displace ontological adequations of poetic values as a part of classic art. The article clearly differentiates the concept of symbolic identity and the category of existential selfhood of a poet - poet as a PR hero and poet as a subject of language as a house of being. We make a hypothesis about a possibility of rational reconciliation of the priorities of the academic tradition as an inalienable context of the aesthetic value of art-work and postmodern digital technologies of art-promotion (including network platforms in the aspect of exclusively their correlation as the aim and maens: the ontology is primary strategy and the representation is secondary tactics. The methodological tool for the substantiating of this hypothesis is the idea of a structural balance between the vertical centripetal dynamic axis of the paradigm (metaphor) and the horizontal centrifugal static axis of the syntagma (metonymy) in classical semiotics. Within the frames of the signifier and signified as the Selfness and the Other, dynamics and statics, history and structure, imagine ideal meanings pass into a real-symbolic language, focusing in the inner world of the poet, turning personal creativity into the property of cultural memory. Thus, the hypothesis is confirmed through a synthesis of classical semiotics and non-classical psychoanalysis. If we liken the semiotic axes of intersection of vertical and horizontal to the R. Descartes coordinate system, the point of intersection of horizontal and vertical turns out to be a poet who translates personal metaphors into cultural-semantic invariants, replenishing the civilizational memory of culture, confirming his existential value, which is different from his or her purely communicative image. From a philosophical point of view, the article analyzes the concept of a poet's status as his/her existential state in comparison with criticism of symbolic capital (prestige, reputation, brand).
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Francese, Joseph. "Leonardo Sciascia's L'affaire Moro: Re-writing fact, which can be stranger than fiction." Modern Italy 17, no. 3 (August 2012): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2012.659449.
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The author contends that Leonardo Sciascia's L'affaire Moro is not a work of non-fiction, as Sciascia proposed, but of historical fiction, and that Sciascia's Moro is a literary character, more a spokesperson for Sciascia's political views than a reflection of the historical figure. Sciascia's Moro embodies the same qualities as many of Sciascia's other protagonists, such as a radical individualism and willingness to sacrifice all in order to protect their dignity and liberty. What emanates from the text is a ‘postmodern’ blend that interprets and imposes a narrative hierarchy on events, and conveys a mental reality that need not necessarily coincide with what can be proven with evidence. In fact, Sciascia combines factual information and his own ‘conjectural knowledge’ to convince his reader of the ‘moral truth’ of his argument. Sciascia's is indeed a strong narrative in that it succeeded in shaping how the Italian public views to this day a critical juncture in its recent history.
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Joullié, Jean-Etienne. "Management without theory for the twenty-first century." Journal of Management History 24, no. 4 (September 10, 2018): 377–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-05-2018-0024.
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Purpose This paper analyses the origin, conceptual underpinnings and consequences of the idea of management theory. It argues that despite claims to incommensurability and except for critical studies authors, management researchers come together in their quest for performativity. The search for theory has condemned management scholars to espouse structural-functional-positivist assumptions. As such, mainstream management theorists assume and promote psychological determinism. Equivocations, ambiguities, tautologies and imprecise language obscure this implication, however, hollowing out management theory of its performative quality. A century after its inception, the quest for management theory has failed. Another avenue for management scholarship exists, one in which management history is a major contributor. Design/methodology/approach This paper offers a historical and conceptual analysis, relying on relevant philosophy of science scholarship. The object of study is the concept of management theory. Findings Most commentators on management theory rely on a widespread view (of postmodern lineage) according to which incommensurable management research paradigms exist. Allowance made for critical management studies, this paper argues otherwise, namely, that current management research paradigms are merely variations on a positivist theme. It further contends that mainstream management research has failed in its quest to identify theory, even if the language used to report research findings obfuscates this fact. Research limitations/implications A notable implication of this paper is that management academics should reconsider what they do and in particular abandon their quest for theory in favour of management history. Originality/value This paper builds on arguments that philosophers of science and scholars specialising in sociological analysis have long recognised to offer a new thesis on management theory in particular and management academia in general.
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Ghafoori, Mina, and Zohreh Ramin. "Collapsing Time, Chaotic Consciousness: Reading Don DeLillo's Point Omega from the Perspective of Postmodern Gothic." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 64 (November 2015): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.64.143.
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The intense concerns with time, space and consciousness structure modernist and postmodernist Gothic narratives with the elements been treated much differently in these periods from the previous ages, owing to the hypotheses of great twentieth and twenty first century philosophers such as Henri Bergson, Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger and Jean-Paul Sartre, later to be followed by Gilles Deleuze, for whom the linear spatialized concept of time and the traditional notions of space and consciousness are no more than ideal speculations and to whom the existential views of time, space and consciousness make reasonable substitutes.Don DeLillo's Point Omega is among the postmodern works which touch upon philosophical contemplations on metaphysical dilemmas such as the meaning of true life, ultimate consciousness, unanimity of perception and reality, and extraterrestrial concepts of time and space. It is set in a traumatized present, outside of history while the very absence of future and the grip of the past it represents as well as the melancholy stasis it imposes become at once sources of revelation and triggers for a sense of uncanny to evoke. The reflections of irregular movements of time, space and memory as well as their constant "becoming" in postmodern Gothic can be used in suggestive assemblage with Gilles Deleuze's philosophical ones. It seems that the filmic desert wherein most of the narration takes place is ineluctably haunted by the Gothic spirit of Psycho, a terror-inspiring film with which it shares a number of images and incidents. However, it is the Deleuzian essences of time and space that most contribute to Point Omega's Gothic texture.By dissolving the two texts, Point Omega and Psycho, into each other and constituting a labyrinthine network of Gothicized associations and affinities, DeLillo has presented a magnificent work within the tradition of postmodern Gothic, which exceeds in both intellect and percipience from most of his contemporary novels'. Like the unnatural slowed-down time and space it presents, Point Omega demands a slow and conscientious reading while at the same time promising new ideas and revelations to the critics and scholars each time they attempt to work on it with devoted attention and mediation.
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Desautels-Stein, Justin. "International legal structuralism: a primer." International Theory 8, no. 2 (January 20, 2016): 201–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175297191500024x.
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International legal structuralism arrived on the shores of international thought in the 1980s. The arrival was not well received, perhaps in part, because it was not well understood. This essay aims to reintroduce legal structuralism and hopefully pave the way for new, and more positive, receptions and understandings. This reintroduction is organized around two claims regarding the broader encounter between international lawyers and critical theory in the 1980s. The first was a jurisprudential claim about how the critics sought to show how international law was nothing more than a continuation of international politics by other means. The second was a historical claim about how the critics wanted to show that international law had never been anything but politics, and that it always would be. In the view of this essay, both of these claims about international legal structuralism were wrong, and they are still wrong today. For despite the tendency to think of it as a cover for postmodern nihilism or relentless deconstruction or both, legal structuralism offers international theorists an enriching and edifying method for rethinking the relation between law and politics on the one hand, and law and history on the other. It is in the effort to carry a brief for a reawakened legal structuralism that the essay brings focus to some of the early works of Koskenniemi and Kennedy, identifies the semiotic foundations of that work, and ultimately suggests the possibility of a second generation of international legal structuralism.