Academic literature on the topic 'Postmodernism (Literature)'

One of the most important elements of postmodernity is the growing awareness of the diversity and potential incommensurability of the various forms of cultural life that sustain groups and individuals and addresses the postmodernist denial that postmodernism is inherently apathetic or hostile to social or political action. Postmodernism is a reaction to the epistemological ideals of modernity. Postmodernism is based on a limited human point of view, and thus becomes a prisoner of its own subjectivity, resulting in two main characteristics, namely pluralism and relativism. This study analyzes the postmodern view that is implemented in Christian education in Indonesia. The method used in this article is a literature study by using philosophical biblical glasses to analyze postmodern views. The result is that postmodern moral education (such as transcendentalism and idealism) has some useful and some negative aspects that should be considered for planning moral education and curriculum development for Christian education in Indonesia.
 
 Satu elemen paling penting dari postmodernitas adalah tumbuhnya kesadaran akan keragaman dan potensi ketidakterbandingan dari berbagai bentuk kehidupan budaya yang menopang kelompok dan individu dan membahas penolakan postmodernis bahwa postmodernisme secara inheren apatis atau bermusuhan dengan tindakan sosial atau politik. Postmodernisme merupakan reaksi terhadap cita-cita epistemologis modernitas. Postmodernisme didasarkan pada sudut pandang manusia yang terbatas, dan dengan demikian menjadi tawanan subyektivitasnya sendiri, menghasilkan dua karakteristik utama, yaitu pluralisme dan relativisme. Kajian ini menganalisis pandangan postmodern yang diimplementasikan pada pendidikan Kristen di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan pada artikel ini adalah studi literatur dengan memanfaat kacamata biblis filosofis untuk menganalisa pandangan postmodern. Hasilnya adalah pendidikan moral postmodern (seperti transendentalisme dan idealisme) memiliki beberapa aspek yang berguna dan beberapa negatif yang harus dipertimbangkan untuk perencanaan pendidikan moral dan pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan Kristen di Indonesia.

In their work published in 2001, “After Postmodernism” (López, Potter 2001), the editors Garry Potter and José López claim that postmodernism was the most influential intellectual trend of the last third of the 20th century, and one of the central trends in the Western cultural-theoretical thinking since the 1960s. Postmodernism managed to grasp the spirit of the time and at the same time challenge self-confidence, presented by the mind, objectivity and knowledge (ib. 3). At the same time the authors have to admit that by the beginning of the 21st century the heyday of postmodernism had passed, postmodernism was in the “stage of decline” and “out of fashion” (ib. 4). Today, in 2011, we have to admit that the early-decade prediction of Potter and López has come true; postmodern society is retreating and the postmodernist theory is on the decline and losing its central role.

Modernism and postmodernism were born from mainland Europe and America. This philosophical thought penetrated religious issues. Postmodernism was born as an attempt to understand social conditions and phenomena, the term postmodernism appeared for the first time in literature in 1939. In the context of religion, Postmodernism in its aim so that religious understanding does not fall into the system of totalitarian interpretation in a religious context and the context of social systems, economics, culture, and politics. The topic of Postmodernism in this paper is presented based on its actuality and to stimulate our thinking which is generally still oriented to modern or even traditional concepts. By studying this relatively new concept we will be confronted with the basic question of which philosophical thinking results have correlation values ​​and relevance to the development and demands of contemporary society, not which ones are theoretically correct. The statement confirms the relativity of reason. The realm of absolute truth is not in humans, absolute truth is from and belongs to God.
 
 Keywords: Postmodernism, Contemporary Islam, Moderism
 
 Abstrak
 Modernisme dan postmodernisme lahir dari daratan Eropa dan Amerika Pemikiran filosofis ini merambah ke persoalan keagamaan. Postmodernime lahir sebagai usaha memahami kondisi dan fenomena sosial, istilah postmodernisme muncul untuk pertama kalinya dalam sastra pada tahun 1939. Dalam konteks keagamaan, Postmodernisme dalam bertujuannya agar faham keagamaan tidak jatuh pada sistem tafsir totaliter tunggal dalam konteks keagamaan dan dalam konteks sistem sosial, ekonomi, budaya dan politik. Topik Postmodernisme dalam tulisan ini disajikan berdasarkan pada aktualitasnya dan guna merangsang pemikiran kita yang pada umumnya masih berorientasi pada konsep-konsep modern atau bahkan tradisional. Dengan mempelajari konsep yang relatif baru ini kita akan dihadapkan pada pertanyaan dasar tentang hasil pemkiran filsafat yang manakah yang mempunyai nilai korelasi dan relevansi dengan perkembangan dan tuntutan masyarakat kontemporer, bukan yang manakah yang benar secara teoritis an sich. Pernyataan tersebut menegaskan relativitas kebenaran nalar. Wilayah kebenaran mutlak bukan ada pada manusia, Kebenaran mutlak adalah dari dan milik Tuhan.
 Kata kunci: Postmodernisme, Modernisme, Pemikiran Islam

Currently, the literary process is witnessing the emergence of a new trend — post-postmodernism, developing along several lines. The article offers a review of theoretical works of Russian and foreign authors, devoted to the study of post-postmodernism, its main charac­teristics, and terminology. On the basis of the novel "The Circle" (2013), written by the American writer Dave Eggers, which has not yet become the subject of study in Russian liter­ary criticism,the authors explore the main features of metamodernism as one of the directions of post-postmodernism. The methodology of the study is based on the principles of interpretive analysis and comparative historical observation. The analysis of several contemporary Eng­lish-language novels suggests that post-postmodernism attempts to reconstruct what has been deconstructed in postmodernism while retaining some of its attitudes. A detailed examination of Eggers' novel shows that it exhibits both postmodernist (a complex combination of genre forms) and metamodernist characteristics. A closer look at Eggers' text shows that it exhibits both postmodernist (a complex combination of genre forms) and metamodernist features (re­jection of the postulate of ' the death of the author' and explication of the authorial position, post irony, neorealism, an appeal to ‘new sincerity’). The results of this study may be used in further research in this field, as well as in the development of teaching material for philologi­cal disciplines at universities.

This article examines contemporary critical positions in African literature that mark off perceptible shifts in focus from issues of primal postcolonialism to a more self-reflexive treatment of postmodernism in contemporary African literature. Contemporary African literary works, novels, and plays have become markedly self-reflexive in the way they rewrite one another and draw attention to their own functionality and fictionality. These works present stylistic and thematic departures that challenge the nationalist and realist trend of earlier writing. Creative works further depart from the tradition of “writing back” to the European colonial center by focusing their gaze on local forms of oppression that are seen to parallel classical colonialism. Yet, while critics have separately studied postmodernism and self-reflexivity in African texts, the intersection of the two has not been given sufficient attention. The purpose of this analytical paper then is to decipher postmodernist aesthetics in African literary works, novels and plays, as developed to a higher level of self-consciousness. The specific question I address is to what extent postmodernism expresses itself as an outgrowth of modernism and postcolonialism?
 Keywords: Modernity, postmodernism, postcolonialism, African literary theories and criticisms.


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The connection of Postmodernism and Cosmopolitanism is deeply interlocked by the visible traces of Globalisation in literature. With globalisation following immediately after the peak of Postmodernism; the contemporary mood of literature frequently switched between the typical postmodernist denial of classifications and the constant cosmopolitan tendencies of identical consumerism all over the world. As a consequence, such literature was produced which showcased the dynamic contemporary dispositions of a consumerist society that individualistically engages itself in postmodernist abstractions and cosmopolitan self-absorption.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

This article examines the modern Indonesian women’s prose and its interaction with the elements of postmodernist paradigm. The object of this research is the novelistic writing of the prominent Indonesian author Dewi Lestari on the example of the novel "“Supernova: The Knight, The Princess, and The Falling Star” (Supernova: Ksatria, Puteri, dan Bintang Jatuh, 2001), which is part of the series “Supernova” (2001-2016). Fiction, as the “median” field in literature, embraces various codes of language art. Relying on the tested patterns of popular literature, it can also appeal to postmodernism. In the latter case, the works are characterized by the presence of deconstructive and game (including simulation) principles. The example of application of the codes of fiction and postmodernism is the novel of under review. An important role in the research is played by the literary-theoretical, typological, and descriptive methods. The work of Dewi Lestari has not yet been considered from the perspective of postmodernist game technique and involvement of the concept of simulacrum. An attempt to do this on the example of her most famous works defines the novelty of this research, as well as the noticeable place of postmodernism in Eastern literatures makes relevant it analysis based on the original Indonesian literature. Reference to the poetics of postmodernism through borrowing the simulation game technique allowed Lestari to create a commercially successful product. The perception of the text by each reader in accordance with their worldview, and engagement in the game proposed by Lestari, correspond to the ideas of the postmodernist interpretation of the literary text, as well as to the laws of the market. This is why modern Indonesian writers refer to the postmodernist paradigm.

This paper addresses language use in Alobwed’epie’s the Death Certificate from a postmodernist perspective. It seeks to show that the author of the selected novel, like many postcolonial African writers, attempts to assert his culture through some sort of indigenisation and intentional flouting of old canons of literature. Given that the present paper is anchored on postmodernism, the postmodernist theory the author’s is used to explain Alobwed’Epie’s perception of life and literature to assert his cultural identity through some sort of linguistic revolution. As a matter of fact, language is used in a very carefree and innovative way in order to escape the idealistic dictum of literary norms. Indigenisation is then regarded as a postmodernist technique, which aims at valorising the African identity and rejecting all the metanarratives of how a work of art should be produced. Obviously, in the present article postmodernism are both a theoretical framework and an object of study. The use of local languages and other languages like Pidgin in the novel under study has demonstrated that the then marginalised languages have moved from the margin towards the Centre and become established languages of African literature. The paper briefly discusses the emergence of postmodernism and shows how the traditional conventions have been deconstructed and substituted for new ideologies that have revolutionised the African literary landscape. It equally reviews selected previous works on language in African novels as well as on postmodernism that came up in the late 1950s as revolutionary responses to preceding movements. The paper ends with an account of the linguistic features of postmodernism used in the novel.

The article deals with such a literary trend as postmodernism and its self-expression in modern Azerbaijani literature. The article contains the review of the different scientists’, philosophers’ and writers’ views related to the postmodernism, forms of its manifestation and its impact on Azerbaijani literature. Many Azerbaijani writers created their works under the influence of European literature in the postmodernist style during the period of independence. Their works are analyzed on the basis of the concrete facts. It is noted that while encompassing a wide variety of approaches, postmodernism is generally defined by an attitude of skepticism, irony, or rejection toward the meta-narratives and ideologies of modernism, often calling into question various assumptions of Enlightenment rationality. Consequently, common targets of postmodern critique include universalist notions of objective reality, morality, truth, human nature, reason, language, and social progress. Keywords:postmodernism, globalization, fiction, literary trend, symbols

<p>This research aims to elaborate al-Amidi's critical thinking and express its implication in the discourse of postmodernism literary criticism. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. Data collection uses reading and note-taking techniques. The triangulation used in this research is data triangulation. The data analysis method in this research uses content analysis and hermeneutics methods with elements of interpretation, description, and comparison. The results of this research indicate that al-Amidi's critical method has implication in postmodernist literary discourse on the objectivity aspect of simulation in the narrative of a character based on Jean Baudrillard's assumptions. That is, although postmodernist literature tends to subjectivity to the author, it does not completely forget the basic structure that builds a literary work through a very deconstructive process of meaning. Because in essence, postmodernism has never really been separated from modernism which tends to be objective. If al-Amidi is more inclined to criticism of poetry, then postmodernist literature is more visible in literary works in the form of prose, such as short stories and novels.</p>