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Journal articles on the topic 'Postnatal depression; Antenatal; Motherhood'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Moore, Donna, Susan Ayers, and Nicholas Drey. "A Thematic Analysis of Stigma and Disclosure for Perinatal Depression on an Online Forum." JMIR Mental Health 3, no. 2 (May 19, 2016): e18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.5611.

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Background Perinatal mental illness is a global health concern; however, many women do not get the treatment they need to recover. Some women choose not to seek professional help and get no treatment because they feel stigmatized. Online forums for various health conditions, including perinatal mental health, can be beneficial for members. Little is known about the role that online forums for perinatal mental illness play in reducing stigma and subsequent disclosure of symptoms to health care providers and treatment uptake. Objective This study aimed to examine stigma and disclosure in forums and describe any potential disadvantages of forum use. Methods An online forum for mothers was examined and 1546 messages extracted from 102 threads from the antenatal and postnatal depression section. These messages were subjected to deductive systematic thematic analysis to identify common themes regarding stigma and disclosure of symptoms and potential disadvantages of forum use. Results Two major themes were identified: stigma and negative experiences of disclosure. Stigma had 3 subthemes: internal stigma, external stigma, and treatment stigma. Many women were concerned about feeling like a “bad” or “failed” mother and worried that if they disclosed their symptoms to a health care provider they would be stigmatized. Posts in response to this frequently encouraged women to disclose their symptoms to health care providers and accept professional treatment. Forum discourse reconstructed the ideology of motherhood as compatible with perinatal mental illness, especially if the woman sought help and adhered to treatment. Many women overcame stigma and replied that they had taken advice and disclosed to a health care provider and/or taken treatment. Conclusions Forum use may increase women's disclosure to health care providers by challenging their internal and external stigma and this may strengthen professional treatment uptake and adherence. However, a few posts described negative experiences when disclosing to health care providers.

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2

Kelly, Alison, and Bill Deakin. "Postnatal depression and antenatal morbidity." British Journal of Psychiatry 161, no. 4 (October 1992): 577–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.161.4.577b.

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Buist, A., D. Westley, and C. Hill. "Antenatal prevention of postnatal depression." Archives of Women's Mental Health 1, no. 4 (April 10, 1999): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007370050024.

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Paradice, Katherine. "Postnatal depression: a normal response to motherhood?" British Journal of Midwifery 3, no. 12 (December 2, 1995): 632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.1995.3.12.632.

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5

Al Rawahi, Aisha, Maisa H. Al Kiyumi, Raya Al Kimyani, Iman Al-Lawati, Sathiya Murthi, Robin Davidson, Abdullah Al Maniri, and Mohammed Al Azri. "The Effect of Antepartum Depression on the Outcomes of Pregnancy and Development of Postpartum Depression: A prospective cohort study of Omani women." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 20, no. 2 (June 28, 2020): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2020.20.02.008.

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Objectives: This study aimed to identify the relationship between antenatal depression and pregnancy outcomes, including the risk of developing postpartum depression in Oman. Methods: This follow-up prospective longitudinal cohort study included pregnant women attending primary healthcare institutions in Muscat, Oman from January to November 2014. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to screen for antenatal and postnatal depression. Pregnant Omani women with a gestational age ≥32 weeks attending 12 local health centres for antenatal care in Muscat were invited to participate. Recruited women were followed-up at 6–8 weeks after delivery. The following pregnancy outcomes were assessed: mode of delivery (normal or Caesarean section [CS]), gestational age at delivery (preterm or fullterm), baby’s birth weight and development of postnatal depression. Results: A total of 959 women participated in this study (response rate: 97.3%). In total, 233 women (24.4%) had antenatal depression with a score of ≥13 on the EPDS. Of the 592 participants (61.7%) who attended postnatal clinics at 6–8 weeks post-delivery, 126 (21.3%) were positive for postnatal depression. Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that antenatal depression was associated with increased risk of CS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–2.66) and postnatal depression (OR = 8.63; 95% CI: 5.56–13.39). Conclusion: Screening women for antenatal depression and providing appropriate management may reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes and the risk of developing postnatal depression.Keywords: Depression; Postnatal depression; Women Health Services; Maternal Health Services; Pregnancy; Primary Health Care; Oman.

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Arsova, S., and N. Manuseva. "Treatment of maternal antenatal depression." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.331.

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IntroductionWorld statistical data show that a large number of mothers suffer from antenatal or postnatal depression and that it is linked with difficulties in personal and emotional development in child.AimTo present the importance of treatment of antenatal depression.Material and methodsWe present is a 32-year-old woman man, with completed high level of education, married, mother of one child, pregnant in first trimester, who suffered of depression several years ago. Diagnosis was made in line with the ICD 10 (F33), and the following diagnostic instruments were used: HAMA, HAMD, clinical interview.We present is a 32-year-old woman man, with completed high level of education, married, mother of one child, pregnant in first trimester, severe depression with depressive mood, weight lost, insomnia, agitation, suicidal thoughts.She was treated in the day hospital of our clinic with SSRI antidepressants, individual and group psychotherapy.ResultsDuring the day hospital stay patient was treated with pharmacologic agents (SSRI anti-depressants – tbl. Sertralline), which showed a great success, that is reduction in the depression, sleep improvement, normal gain weight and regular pregnancy and baby birth with APGAR score 9/9.DiscussionLiterature shows that antenatal depression is associated with poor mother self-care during pregnancy including poor visit of antenatal clinics, substance misuse, low birth weight, preterm delivery and significant intellectual and emotional deficits in children whose mothers were suffered of antenatal or postnatal depression.ConclusionTreatment of antenatal or postnatal depression is very important for mothers’ mental health and for the normal develops of child also.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Kim, Yunmi, Amy Bird, Elizabeth Peterson, Lisa Underwood, Susan M. B. Morton, and Cameron C. Grant. "Maternal Antenatal Depression and Early Childhood Sleep: Potential Pathways Through Infant Temperament." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 45, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa001.

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Abstract Objective Maternal depression is associated with infant and child sleep patterns, and with infant temperament. Here, we examine whether infant temperament mediated an association between maternal antenatal depression and toddler sleep. Method Within the prebirth longitudinal cohort Growing Up in New Zealand, symptoms of antenatal and postnatal depression were measured in 5,568 women using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Infant temperament was measured at age 9 months using the Very Short Form of Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R VSF). Sleep duration and nighttime awakenings were reported by parents when children were 2 years old. Results Independent associations of maternal depression with child sleep patterns at age 2 years, adjusted for maternal demographics, physical health, family relationships, and child health and feeding, were determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The odds of having ≥2 nighttime awakenings were increased for children whose mothers had antenatal (1.36, 1.07–1.73) but not postnatal (1.22, 0.88–1.68) or both antenatal and postnatal depression (0.89, 0.56–1.36). There was no association of maternal depression with shorter sleep duration. Two of five dimensions of infant temperament (fear and negative affect) were associated with both antenatal depression scores and increased nighttime awakenings. Mediation analyses controlling for postnatal depression and other predictors of child sleep supported an indirect pathway of antenatal depression to child sleep through infant temperamental negative affectivity. Conclusion Antenatal depression is independently associated with more frequent nighttime awakenings in early childhood. Findings support an indirect pathway through infant negative affect characteristics.

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Faisal-Cury, Alexandre, and Paulo Rossi Menezes. "Antenatal Depression Strongly Predicts Postnatal Depression in Primary Health Care." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 34, no. 4 (December 2012): 446–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbp.2012.01.003.

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Martin, Caroline Joy Hollins, Gail Norris, and Colin Robert Martin. "Midwives' role in screening for antenatal depression and postnatal depression." British Journal of Midwifery 28, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 666–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2020.28.9.666.

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This is an educational paper which aims to inform midwives of tools available to help them make appropriate provisional diagnosis of perinatal depression. A second aim of the paper is to increase midwives' awareness of the relatively newer diagnosis of antenatal depression (AND). Of additional clinical importance, midwives need to recognise that postnatal depression (PND) may be a continuation of AND. To date, screening for AND has received relatively little attention compared with PND, with the evidence-base supporting that the impact can be as severe. It is important for midwives to know that screening for AND can be undertaken using valid and reliable psychometric self-report depression screening questionnaires which have known validity characteristics and threshold cut-off scores. There are several of these tools available to help midwives make the decision about whether or not to refer the women to the mental health team. Current practice in the UK involves the midwife asking an initial short two-item ‘Whooley Question’ screen which, if indicates depression, can be followed up by the women completing a self-report depression screening questionnaire. To highlight their availability, a selection of valid and reliable psychometric self-report depression screening questionnaires are discussed herein, with it being important for midwives to develop a toolkit that can be given to women at clinics, in pamphlets, online or embedded into mobile applications.

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Shrivastava, Saurabh R., Prateek S. Shrivastava, and Jegadeesh Ramasamy. "Antenatal and postnatal depression: A public health perspective." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 6, no. 01 (January 2015): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.143218.

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ABSTRACTDepression is widely prevalent among women in the child-bearing age, especially during the antenatal and postnatal period. Globally, post-partum depression has been reported in almost 10% to 20% of mothers, and it can start from the moment of birth, or may result from depression evolving continuously since pregnancy. The presence of depression among women has gained a lot of attention not only because of the rising incidence or worldwide distribution, but also because of the serious negative impact on personal, family and child developmental outcomes. Realizing the importance of maternal depression on different aspects-personal, child, and familial life, there is a crucial need to design a comprehensive public health policy (including a mental health strategy), to ensure that universal psychosocial assessment in perinatal women is undertaken within the primary health care system. To conclude, depression during pregnancy and in the postnatal period is a serious public health issue, which essentially requires continuous health sector support to eventually benefit not only the woman, but also the family, the community, and health care professionals.

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Austin, M. P., and J. Lumley. "Antenatal screening for postnatal depression: a systematic review." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 107, no. 1 (January 2003): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.02024.x.

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Badrin, Salwismawati, Salziyan Badrin, Raja Lexshimi Raja Gopal, and Shah Reza Johan Noor. "Effects of Guided Antenatal Education Support Programs on Postnatal Depression, Social Support, and Life Satisfaction among First-time Mothers in Kelantan, Malaysia." Nurse Media Journal of Nursing 11, no. 2 (August 9, 2021): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v11i2.37123.

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Background: First-time mothers may experience postnatal depression and a lack of social support, affecting their life satisfaction. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the application of guided antenatal education support programs to deal with such issues.Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of guided antenatal education support programs on postnatal depression, social support, and life satisfaction among first-time mothers.Methods: This quasi-experimental study involved a total of 72 first-time mothers. Convenience sampling was applied for participant selection, and no randomization was used. The participants were equally divided into the intervention group and the control group. A self-administrated questionnaire was used for data collection during the antenatal period (pretest) and six weeks postpartum (posttest). The risk of postnatal depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). In addition, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were used to assess social support, and life satisfaction, respectively. The intervention group received a guided antenatal education support program, consisting of antenatal education sessions plus an extra 15-minute discussion and a support guidebook. The data were analyzed using a paired t-test and an independent t-test.Results: There was a significant reduction in the risk of postnatal depression score in the intervention group (p<0.05) after receiving the guided antenatal education compared to the control group. Also, there was a significant increment of life satisfaction score (p<0.05) and social support score (p<0.05) after receiving guided antenatal education in the intervention group.Conclusion: The guided antenatal education support is beneficial to reduce postnatal depression and increase life satisfaction and social support. Nurses and midwives should provide an integration of psychoeducation for first-time mothers, especially during pregnancy.

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Okawa, Sumiyo, Hla Hla Win, Keiko Nanishi, Akira Shibanuma, Phyu Phyu Aye, Thu Nandar Saw, and Masamine Jimba. "Advice on healthy pregnancy, delivery, motherhood and information on non-communicable diseases in the maternal care programme in Myanmar: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e025186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025186.

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ObjectivePregnancy and delivery periods offer an opportunity for counselling women to improve behavioural risk and prevent complications, including non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, little evidence is available on counselling offered during antenatal and postnatal care (PNC) in Myanmar. This study aimed to assess the contents of advice and information received by women during antenatal and postnatal counselling and to identify factors associated with receiving those advice and information.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA predominantly rural township in the Ayeyawady region and a predominantly urban township in the Yangon region.Participants1500 women who had given birth in the last 6 weeks to 12 months prior to the survey.Outcome measuresReceiving advice on 18 items during antenatal counselling, 10 items during postnatal counselling and information on five major NCDs during antenatal care (ANC).ResultsNearly 52% of women received advice on 18 items during antenatal counselling, and 60% received advice on 10 items during postnatal counselling. About 28% received information on five NCDs during ANC. Women who were living in the Yangon site, who had primary school education or lower and who experienced complications were less likely to receive advice on all items during both antenatal and postnatal counselling. Women who received PNC outside of a healthcare facility and were primiparas were also less likely to receive advice on all items during postnatal counselling. Women living in the Yangon site and those who utilised a private care facility were less likely to receive information on NCDs.ConclusionsOnly 60% of women received advice on healthy pregnancy, delivery and motherhood, whereas 30% received information on NCDs. Although non-modifiable maternal factors were associated with these results, counselling practice can be improved and information on NCDs can be offered as the first step of integrated NCDs care in maternal care programme in Myanmar.

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Lee, Dominic T. S., Alexander S. K. Yip, Tony Y. S. Leung, and Tony K. H. Chung. "Ethnoepidemiology of postnatal depression." British Journal of Psychiatry 184, no. 1 (January 2004): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.1.34.

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BackgroundAlthough there have been many studies of the biological and psychosocial causations of postnatal depression, studies of sociocultural risk factors are rare.AimsTo investigate the sociocultural risk factors of postnatal depression using ethnographically informed epidemiological methods.MethodAtotal of 959 women were assessed at their first ante-partum visit (baseline), in the third trimester, immediately after delivery, and 3 months post-partum. Six domains of risk factors were examined. The dependent variable was postnatal depression (as defined by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) at 3 months post-partum.ResultsConflict with mother-in-law, marital dissatisfaction, past depression and antenatal depression independently predicted the occurrence of postnatal depression. The cultural practice of peiyue – a Chinese post-partum custom of mandated family support – was associated with better social support and a slightly lower risk of postnatal depression.ConclusionsSociocultural aspects of the immediate puerperium shape maternal emotional well-being. In-law conflict is an important source of household distress in many Asian societies. The findings have implications for clinical practice and future studies.

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Baral, Om Prasad, and Kamla Vashisth. "Goal, Strategies and Programme of Safe Motherhood in Nepal." Academic Voices: A Multidisciplinary Journal 3 (March 9, 2014): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v3i1.9981.

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The safe motherhood programme is one of the priority programme of Nepal. Its primary goal is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. Safe pregnancy, safe delivery and safe birth of new born are the major components of safe motherhood. This can be accomplished through increased access to effective antenatal, delivery and postnatal care and a massive health awareness activity in local communities.Academic Voices, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2013, Pages 19-23 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v3i1.9981

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Harris, Tirill. "Postnatal depression: Facing the paradox of loss, happiness and motherhood." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 44, no. 6 (August 4, 2003): 930–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00176_10.

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Tate, Pat. "Postnatal depression: facing the paradox of loss, happiness and motherhood." Family Practice 19, no. 4 (August 2002): 429–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/19.4.429-a.

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Abdul Raheem, Raheema, Hui Jun Chih, and Colin William Binns. "Maternal Depression and Breastfeeding Practices in the Maldives." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 31, no. 2 (March 2019): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539519836531.

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Objectives: To assess associations between maternal depression and breastfeeding practices in mothers in the Maldives. Design: A prospective cohort study. The validated questionnaires contained information on demographics, breastfeeding initiation, breastfeeding duration, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess association between Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score and breastfeeding practices while adjusting for lifestyle determinants. Cox regression was done to measure the association between maternal depression and breastfeeding duration. Settings: Antenatal clinic at Indira Gandhi Memorial and ADK Hospitals in Male’, Maldives. Subjects: A total of 458 mothers from the antennal clinics were interviewed at 36 weeks of gestation and again at 1, 3, and 6 months after birth. Results: Antenatal depression at 36 weeks of gestation was associated with late initiation of breastfeeding (adjusted odds ratio = 3.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.3-6.8). Postnatal depression was associated with shorter duration of exclusive, full, and any breastfeeding ( P < .001). Conclusion. Depression is negatively associated with breastfeeding practices. There is a need to manage antenatal postnatal depression in mothers in order to encourage them to initiate breastfeeding earlier and to breastfeed for longer.

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Arsova, S., S. Bajraktarov, M. Ristevska, K. Gjorgjiev, and N. Kasami. "P.268 Risk factors for antenatal and postnatal depression." European Neuropsychopharmacology 40 (November 2020): S154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.09.202.

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Austin, M. P. "Targeted group antenatal prevention of postnatal depression: a review." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 107, no. 4 (March 27, 2003): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00086.x.

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R-H Xie, G. He, M. Walker, and S. W. Wen. "Postpartum Depression, Antenatal Social Support, And Postnatal Social Support." Annals of Epidemiology 18, no. 9 (September 2008): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.08.085.

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Austin, Marie-Paule, Lucy Tully, and Gordon Parker. "Examining the relationship between antenatal anxiety and postnatal depression." Journal of Affective Disorders 101, no. 1-3 (August 2007): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2006.11.015.

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Pasad, Subhash. "Safe Motherhood Practice in Dalit Community." Academic Voices: A Multidisciplinary Journal 2 (June 30, 2013): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v2i1.8291.

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Safe motherhood practice is still poor among the unprivileged groups like the Dalit of Nepal. Low socio-economic condition and lack of awareness in the Dalit community seems to have negative impact on women health and safe motherhood practice. This paper describes the practice of safe motherhood in the Dalit community based on quantitative data collected from 120 mothers. The respondents were interviewed by using interview schedule. It is concluded that lack of education and awareness, low socioeconomic condition, teenage marriage and early pregnancy, improper antenatal care service, unsafe delivery at home, improper postnatal checkup and traditional attitudes indicate that safe motherhood practice is not satisfactory in the Dalit community. Academic Voices, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2012, Pages 63-68 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v2i1.8291

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Piacentini, Daniele, Daniela Leveni, Giuseppe Primerano, Marina Cattaneo, Loredana Volpi, Giuseppe Biffi, and Fiorino Mirabella. "Prevalence and risk factors of postnatal depression among women attending antenatal courses." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 18, no. 3 (September 2009): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x0000049x.

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SUMMARYAims – Postnatal depression, the most frequent complication occurring after pregnancy, is often not recognized. The prevalence of postnatal depression is currently considered to be 10–15% in western countries. A wide range of risk factors related to postnatal depression were researched in international studies. Our aim was to evaluate the risk factors and their frequency in a women population of Bergamo Province and compare the results with findings of international literature. Methods – 595 women taking part to antenatal courses in three hospitals in Bergamo Province were screened for Postnatal Depression using EPDS and clinical interview. Prevalence and possible psychosocial risk factors data were collected and subsequently analysed and compared with literature findings. Results – Thirty six (7.1%) women of our sample had postnatal depression. Depressed mood and depression during pregnancy, anxiety during pregnancy, poor social support, recent life events, a history of depression or other psychiatric history, presence of maternity blues were the strongest predictors of postnatal depression in our sample. Conclusions – The Psychosocial risk factors emerged from our study are substantially the same indicated by international studies, on the contrary prevalence is a little lower. This result may be explained considering that our women sample wasn't completely representative of general population.Declaration of Interest: Results of this study are part of a project, “Identification and early treatment of post partum depression”, approved and financially supported by Regione Lombardia. This study didn't receive grants or support from drug companies. There are no conflicts of interest.

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Puts, Kerrie. "Raising Awareness of Postnatal Depression." Australian Journal of Primary Health 3, no. 4 (1997): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py97043.

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Berwickwide Community Health Service (BCHS) conducted a project during National Mothering Week that set out to raise community awareness of Postnatal Depression (PND) and to assess the need for establishing a PND support group in Northern Casey, Victoria. Target groups included mothers of young children, general practitioners (CPs) and the general community. A reference group consisting of professional and community representatives was involved in the planning, implementation and evaluation of all strategies. Approaches used included health education, professional development, information development, creating supportive environments, supporting community action, intersectoral collaboration and policy development. The project highlighted the need for a PND support group in Northern Casey and was successful in terms of raising awareness of PND, information development and dissemination, and needs assessment of mothers in Northern Casey. Mothering Week provided an ideal opportunity to give a relatively small project a larger, more attractive profile and provided an ideal vehicle to introduce the 'heavy' issue of PND in a forum that celebrated and raised the status of motherhood. Although as health promotion practitioners we are not encouraged to run ad hoc events and to strive instead for sustainable outcomes, this project showed that applying health promotion principles to one-off events such as Mothering Week can be very useful in needs assessment and in determining characteristics particular to the target group. The increase in knowledge and skills and the sense of ownership that participants can experience through participation in such a project can also foster a sense of community spirit that lays the groundwork for more sustainable, future projects.

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Judd, Fiona, Stephanie Lorimer, Richard H. Thomson, and Angela Hay. "Screening for depression with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and finding borderline personality disorder." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 53, no. 5 (October 12, 2018): 424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867418804067.

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Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the range of psychiatric diagnoses seen in pregnant women who score above the ‘cut-off’ on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale when this is used as a routine screening instrument in the antenatal period. Method: Subjects were all pregnant women referred to and seen by the Perinatal Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Team of a tertiary public hospital over a 14-month period. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score at maternity ‘booking-in’ visit, demographic and clinical data were recorded and diagnoses were made according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) criteria following clinical interview(s) and review of documented past history. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 200 patients who had completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were seen for assessment; 86 (43%) scored ⩾13 on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Of those scoring 13 or more on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, 22 (25.6%) had a depressive disorder. In total, 12 patients (14%) had an anxiety disorder, 14 (16.3%) had borderline personality disorder and 13 (15.1%) had a substance use disorder. An additional 23 women (26.7%) had two or more borderline personality traits. Conclusion: Psychiatric assessment of women who scored 13 or more on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at routine antenatal screening identified a significant number with borderline personality disorder or borderline personality traits rather than depressive or anxiety disorders. Clinical Practice Guidelines note the importance of further assessment for all women who score 13 or more on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The findings here suggest that this assessment should be made by a clinician able to identify personality pathology and organise appropriate and timely interventions.

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Elias, Nurezwana, and Sofiah Sulaiman. "Antenatal Depression; its Prevalence of Positive Screen and the Associating Risk Factors Including Labor and Neonatal Outcome." Current Women s Health Reviews 16, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573404816666200131101943.

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Background: Antenatal depression is often neglected and unrecognized. It is known to be associated with various unwanted outcomes for both mothers and babies. Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of a positive screen for antenatal depression and its risk factors as well as the labour and neonatal outcomes. Method: 265 pregnant women who received care from University Malaya Medical Centre were recruited in this study. They completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaires twice; once during the antenatal period and once again during the postnatal period. Only 235 out of 265 data were analysed for the association between risk factors, labour and neonatal outcome. Postnatal data that were collected after 4-6 weeks of delivery were completed in 90 women. Results: 41 women (17%) were found to have a positive screen and it has a significant positive correlation with postnatal EDPS score (r=0.919, p=0.00). After adjustment for confounders, preexisting medical illness is the only risk factor found to be associated with the positive screen group (OR 3.0, 95% CI1.11-8.46). The positive screen group is also associated with reduced neonatal birth weight (0R=0.998; 95%CI0.997-0.999), reduced cord pH (OR=0.000; 95%CI0.000-0.202) and increased blood loss at birth (0R=1.005; 95%CI1.001-1.009). Conclusions: The positive screen group of antenatal depression is associated with few adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Therefore, a formal mental health assessment should be offered to all pregnant women who are found to have a positive screen of antenatal depression.

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Homewood, Ellen, Alison Tweed, Michelle Cree, and Jon Crossley. "Becoming Occluded: The Transition to Motherhood of Women with Postnatal Depression." Qualitative Research in Psychology 6, no. 4 (November 11, 2009): 313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14780880802473860.

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Ballenger, J. C. "Antenatal risk factors for postnatal depression: A large prospective study." Yearbook of Psychiatry and Applied Mental Health 2009 (January 2009): 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0084-3970(08)79169-2.

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Redshaw, Maggie, and Jane Henderson. "From Antenatal to Postnatal Depression: Associated Factors and Mitigating Influences." Journal of Women's Health 22, no. 6 (June 2013): 518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2012.4152.

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Webster, Joan, John WJ Linnane, Linda M. Dibley, and Margo Pritchard. "Improving antenatal recognition of women at risk for postnatal depression." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 40, no. 4 (November 2000): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.2000.tb01170.x.

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Underwood, Lisa, Karen Waldie, Stephanie D’Souza, Elizabeth R. Peterson, and Susan Morton. "A review of longitudinal studies on antenatal and postnatal depression." Archives of Women's Mental Health 19, no. 5 (April 16, 2016): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00737-016-0629-1.

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Milgrom, Jeannette, Alan W. Gemmill, Justin L. Bilszta, Barbara Hayes, Bryanne Barnett, Janette Brooks, Jennifer Ericksen, David Ellwood, and Anne Buist. "Antenatal risk factors for postnatal depression: A large prospective study." Journal of Affective Disorders 108, no. 1-2 (May 2008): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2007.10.014.

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Stamp, Georgina E., Anne Sved Williams, and Caroline A. Crowther. "Evaluation of Antenatal and Postnatal Support to Overcome Postnatal Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Trial." Birth 22, no. 3 (September 1995): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-536x.1995.tb00689.x.

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Ogbo, Felix, Osita Kingsley Ezeh, Mansi Dhami, Sabrina Naz, Sarah Khanlari, Anne McKenzie, Kingsley Agho, et al. "Perinatal Distress and Depression in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Australian Women: The Role of Psychosocial and Obstetric Factors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16 (August 16, 2019): 2945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162945.

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Perinatal distress and depression can have significant impacts on both the mother and baby. The present study investigated psychosocial and obstetric factors associated with perinatal distress and depressive symptoms among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) Australian women in Sydney, New South Wales. The study used retrospectively linked maternal and child health data from two Local Health Districts in Australia (N = 25,407). Perinatal distress was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS, scores of 10–12) and depressive symptoms, with EPDS scores of 13 or more. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between psychosocial and obstetric factors with perinatal distress and depressive symptoms. The prevalence of perinatal distress and depressive symptoms among CALD Australian women was 10.1% for antenatal distress; 7.3% for antenatal depressive symptoms; 6.2% for postnatal distress and 3.7% for postnatal depressive symptoms. Antenatal distress and depressive symptoms were associated with a lack of partner support, intimate partner violence, maternal history of childhood abuse and being known to child protection services. Antenatal distress and depressive symptoms were strongly associated with postnatal distress and depressive symptoms. Higher socioeconomic status had a protective effect on antenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms. Our study suggests that current perinatal mental health screening and referral for clinical assessment is essential, and also supports a re-examination of perinatal mental health policy to ensure access to culturally responsive mental health care that meets patients’ needs.

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Tay, Chau Thien, Helena J. Teede, Jacqueline A. Boyle, Jayashri Kulkarni, Deborah Loxton, and Anju E. Joham. "Perinatal Mental Health in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of an Australian Population-Based Cohort." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 12 (November 25, 2019): 2070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122070.

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Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have many risk factors associated with perinatal mental disorders, but research in this area is scarce. This study aims to compare the prevalence of common perinatal mental disorders in women with and without PCOS, and examine the relationship between PCOS and common perinatal mental disorders. We performed a cross-sectional study on self-reported data of 5239 women born between 1973 to 1978 in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. Compared with women not reporting PCOS, women reporting PCOS had higher prevalence of antenatal depression (8.9% vs. 4.4%, p < 0.001), antenatal anxiety (11.7% vs. 5.6%, p < 0.001), postnatal depression (26.8% vs. 18.6%, p < 0.001) and postnatal anxiety (18.4% vs. 12.0%, p < 0.001). PCOS was positively associated with antenatal depression and/or anxiety (adjusted odds ratio 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.2–2.6) but not postnatal depression and/or anxiety after controlling for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, reproductive history, obstetric complications and pre-existing depression and anxiety. General perinatal guidelines currently do not recognize PCOS as a risk factor and the international evidence based PCOS guideline noted inadequate evidence in this area. This paper addresses the gap in literature and highlights the need to screen for common perinatal mental disorders in women with PCOS.

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Pasa, Rajan Binayek, Sunita Giri, and Dani Nabita. "Safe Motherhood Practices in Panch Pokhari Thangpal Rural Municipality, Nepal." Research Nepal Journal of Development Studies 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/rnjds.v3i2.34496.

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This paper highlights on safe motherhood practices in a rural municipality in Nepal. Primary data are collected through the survey questionnaire from 196 respondents who are married women of reproductive age group. The findings show that knowledge and practices on safe motherhood practices are moderately satisfied. The majority of the delivery cases are being handled in the health posts at a prolonged labor stage with the support of their husbands. The cord-cutting practice is also becoming scientific with the use of using sterilized scissors. Mothers are happily practicing the breastfeeding culture at least for two to three years after delivery. However, the rural mothers are facing problems such as vomiting, bleeding, anemia swelling of the leg, back aching, and head aching during pregnant periods, possibly due to the traditional treatment practices and the local food habits. Majorities of the respondents have good knowledge of contraceptives devices, but they prefer to report on health posts only for a postnatal checkup. All in all, safe motherhood practices in the rural community are found moderately adequate and needed to be improved by offering antenatal, natal, and postnatal services at no cost.

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Warner, Rachel, Louis Appleby, Anna Whitton, and Brian Faragher. "Attitudes toward motherhood in postnatal depression: Development of the Maternal Attitudes Questionnaire." Journal of Psychosomatic Research 43, no. 4 (October 1997): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3999(97)00128-1.

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Mitchell-Jones, Nicola, Kim Lawson, Shabnam Bobdiwala, Jessica Alice Farren, Aurelio Tobias, Tom Bourne, and Cecilia Bottomley. "Association between hyperemesis gravidarum and psychological symptoms, psychosocial outcomes and infant bonding: a two-point prospective case–control multicentre survey study in an inner city setting." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e039715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039715.

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ObjectivesTo assess if there is any association between hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), psychological morbidity and infant bonding and to quantify any psychosocial consequences of HG.DesignTwo-point prospective case–control, multicentre survey study with antenatal and postnatal data collection.SettingThree London hospitals.ParticipantsPregnant women at ≤12 completed weeks gestation recruited consecutively over 2 years. Women with HG were recruited at the time of admission; controls recruited from a low risk antenatal clinic. 106 women were recruited to the case group and 108 to the control. Response rates at antenatal data collection were 87% and 85% in the case and control groups, respectively. Postnatally, the response rate was 90% in both groups.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were psychological morbidity in the antenatal and postnatal periods, infant bonding in the postnatal period and psychosocial implications of HG. Secondary outcomes were the effects of severity and longevity of HG and assessment of correlation between Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores and maternal-to-infant bonding scores.ResultsAntenatally, 49% of cases had probable depression compared with 6% of controls (OR 14.4 (5.29 to 39.44)). Postnatally, 29% of cases had probable depression versus 7% of controls (OR 5.2 (1.65 to 17.21)). There was no direct association between HG and infant bonding. 53% of women in the HG group reported needing four or more weeks of sick leave compared with 2% in the control group (OR 60.5 (95% CI 8.4 to 2535.6)).ConclusionsLong-lasting psychological morbidity associated with HG was evident. Significantly more women in the case group sought help for mental health symptoms in the antenatal period, however very few were diagnosed with or treated for depression in pregnancy or referred to specialist perinatal mental health services. HG did not directly affect infant bonding. Women in the case group required long periods off work, highlighting the socioeconomic impact of HG.

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Magdalena, Chrzan-Dętkoś, and Walczak-Kozłowska Tamara. "Antenatal and postnatal depression – Are Polish midwives really ready for them?" Midwifery 83 (April 2020): 102646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2020.102646.

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O'CONNOR, THOMAS G., JONATHAN HERON, and VIVETTE GLOVER. "Antenatal Anxiety Predicts Child Behavioral/Emotional Problems Independently of Postnatal Depression." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 41, no. 12 (December 2002): 1470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200212000-00019.

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Ingram, Jenny, and Jenny Taylor. "Predictors of postnatal depression: using an antenatal needs assessment discussion tool." Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 25, no. 3 (August 2007): 210–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02646830701467272.

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Kwan, Rui, Dianne Bautista, Robin Choo, Cai Shirong, Cornelia Chee, Seang Mei Saw, Yap-Seng Chong, et al. "The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale as a measure for antenatal dysphoria." Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 33, no. 1 (September 5, 2014): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2014.949642.

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Steinig, Jana, Michaela Nagl, Katja Linde, Grit Zietlow, and Anette Kersting. "Antenatal and postnatal depression in women with obesity: a systematic review." Archives of Women's Mental Health 20, no. 4 (June 13, 2017): 569–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00737-017-0739-4.

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Pawlby, Susan, Dale Hay, Deborah Sharp, Cerith S. Waters, and Carmine M. Pariante. "Antenatal depression and offspring psychopathology: the influence of childhood maltreatment." British Journal of Psychiatry 199, no. 2 (August 2011): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.087734.

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BackgroundAntenatal depression and childhood maltreatment have each been associated with offspring psychopathology, but have never been examined in the same sample.AimsTo determine whether childhood maltreatment influences the association between antenatal depression and offspring psychopathology.MethodProspectively collected data on antenatal depression, offspring maltreatment (age 11) and offspring psychopathology (age 11 and 16) were analysed in 120 mother–offspring dyads from the community-based South London Child Development Study.ResultsAntenatal depression increased the risk of maltreatment in the offspring by almost four times. Children exposed only to antenatal depression or only to childhood maltreatment were no more at risk of developing psychopathology; however, children exposed to both antenatal depression and childhood maltreatment were at almost 12 times greater risk of developing psychopathology than offspring not so exposed.ConclusionsResearch investigating exposure to adverse events in utero and offspring psychopathology should take account of postnatal adverse events such as maltreatment.

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Mirieri, Harriet K., Marshal M. Mweu, and Joyce M. Olenja. "Determinants of prenatal depression among women attending the antenatal clinic at a referral facility in Mombasa County, Kenya: a case control study." F1000Research 9 (May 14, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22017.2.

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Background: Despite prenatal depression being a public health burden and the major predictor of postnatal depression, it has not received as much attention as postnatal depression in research and policy globally. There is limited evidence on the factors associated with prenatal depression and therefore understanding these factors will inform the design of specific interventions and formulation of guidelines for the effective prevention and control of prenatal depression particularly in high-risk regions. Methods: A hospital-based case control study design was used to identify the determinants of prenatal depression among 170 women attending an antenatal clinic. Prenatal depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to collect data on the socio-demographic, social network and family, lifestyle and obstetric characteristics of the participants. All eligible cases were enrolled into the study while a simple random sample of depression-free women attending the antenatal clinic were enrolled as controls. The relationship between the predictors and prenatal depression was evaluated by logistic regression. Results: In the multivariable analysis, only marital status (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=17.1; 95% confidence interval (CI):4.0-73.0), occupation (aOR=2.4; 95% CI:1.4-4.2), domestic violence (aOR=18.3; 95% CI: 5.7-58.7) and social support (aOR=0.2; 95% CI:0.05-0.8) were identified as significant determinants of prenatal depression. Conclusion: Marital status, occupation, domestic violence and lack of social support were identified as the risk factors for prenatal depression in this setting. To address the burden of prenatal depression in the country, these findings call for inclusion of screening for prenatal depression as an essential component of the routine antenatal care package. We recommend that future studies focus on evaluating specific interventions to address the identified risk factors.

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Mirieri, Harriet K., Marshal M. Mweu, and Joyce M. Olenja. "Determinants of prenatal depression among women attending the antenatal clinic at a referral facility in Mombasa County, Kenya: a case control study." F1000Research 9 (January 23, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22017.1.

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Background: Despite prenatal depression being a public health burden and the major predictor of postnatal depression, it has not received as much attention as postnatal depression in research and policy globally. There is limited evidence on the factors associated with prenatal depression and therefore understanding these factors will inform the design of specific interventions and formulation of guidelines for the effective prevention and control of prenatal depression particularly in high-risk regions. Methods: A hospital-based case control study design was used to identify the determinants of prenatal depression among 170 women attending an antenatal clinic. Prenatal depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to collect data on the socio-demographic, social network and family, lifestyle and obstetric characteristics of the participants. All eligible cases were enrolled into the study while a simple random sample of depression-free women attending the antenatal clinic were enrolled as controls. The relationship between the predictors and prenatal depression was evaluated by logistic regression. Results: In the multivariable analysis, only marital status (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=17.1; 95% confidence interval (CI):4.0-73.0), occupation (aOR=2.4; 95% CI:1.4-4.2), domestic violence (aOR=18.3; 95% CI: 5.7-58.7) and social support (aOR=0.2; 95% CI:0.05-0.8) were identified as significant determinants of prenatal depression. Conclusion: Marital status, occupation, domestic violence and lack of social support were the major predictors of prenatal depression in this setting. There is therefore need to implement screening for prenatal depression among pregnant women in health facilities as part of the routine antenatal care package, establish social support networks and spaces to provide an avenue for the prenatally depressed women to meet, share challenges and coping mechanisms and revise the government policy on sexual and gender based violence (SGBV) so as to strengthen efforts towards elimination of all forms of SGBV.

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Thompson, Okechukwu, and IkeOluwapo Ajayi. "Prevalence of Antenatal Depression and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Abeokuta North Local Government Area, Nigeria." Depression Research and Treatment 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4518979.

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Objective. The prevalence of antenatal depression (AD) and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Abeokuta North Local Government Area, Nigeria, was determined.Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted, interviewing 314 pregnant women selected by multistage sampling technique from among those attending antenatal clinics. Information was collected using structured questionnaire and a screening tool, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), to assess probable depression.Results. The prevalence of antenatal depression was 24.5%. There were significant associations between antenatal depression and attending public health facility (P=0.000), young maternal age (P=0.012), single marital status (P=0.010), not having formal education (P=0.022), large family size (P=0.029), planned pregnancy (P=0.014), coexisting medical conditions (P=0.034), history of previous caesarian section (P=0.032), drinking alcohol during pregnancy (P=0.004), and gender based abuse (P=0.001). On health seeking behaviour for antenatal depression among depressed pregnant women, most, 68.9%, consulted their husbands about their symptoms; 57.3% took the decision to get treatment from doctors, and 52% sought prayer in the church.Conclusion. Antenatal depression is prevalent in this study population. Interventions to address its risk factors should be carried out and physicians should suspect depression in pregnant women reporting alcohol use and gender abuse.

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McINTOSHMA, JAMES. "The experience of motherhood and the development of depression in the postnatal period." Journal of Clinical Nursing 2, no. 4 (July 1993): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.1993.tb00171.x.

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Mohd Arifin, Siti Roshaidai, Helen Cheyne, and Margaret Maxwell. "THE CONTEXT OF POSTNATAL DEPRESSION IN MALAYSIA: AN OVERVIEW." Volume-10 : Issue 1, July, 2018 10, no. 1 (July 15, 2018): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2018.v10i01.008.

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Sociocultural contexts of motherhood have been found to have a link with postnatal depression. Malaysia has a wide-range of cultural and ethnic backgrounds that offers a wonderful chance to understand the different role of cultures and postnatal practices in relation to postnatal depression. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the link between the Malaysian healthcare system, social and cultural context, the existing health policy and postnatal depression. This paper highlights that while there are different levels of nurses who work collaboratively to manage pregnant and postnatal mothers in the maternal and child health clinic, the focus of their care is more on physical health. The international guidelines for diagnosing PND were not commonly used within the clinics, although the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) has been widely used within psychiatric setting in Malaysia. There is no formal mechanism or assessment to detect PND in the clinics. There were no guidelines found that specifically focused on the management of PND. It is questionable whether the current approaches to promote and manage maternal mental health in Malaysia have a sense of cultural-based strategies. These significant gaps call for empirical evidence that explicitly focussed on the experiences and perceptions of PND in Malaysia.

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