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Books on the topic 'Postoperative intervention'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Pediatric epilepsy surgery: Preoperative assessment and surgical intervention. Thieme, 2010.

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2

Thompson, Norris B., and SreyRam Kuy. Multivariable Predictors of Postoperative Surgical Site Infection after General and Vascular Surgery. Edited by SreyRam Kuy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199384075.003.0013.

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This landmark study proposed a model for predicting surgical site infections (SSI). Using logistic regression analysis, variables independently associated with increased risk of SSI were identified, which included smoking, alcohol use, comorbidities, disseminated cancer, weight loss greater than 10%, emergency surgery, and length of operative time. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and

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Toner, Andrew, Mark Hamilton, and Maurizio Cecconi. Post-surgery, post-anaesthesia complications. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0047.

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Postoperative complications are common in high-risk surgical populations and are associated with poor short-term and long-term outcomes. Morbidity can be identified using prospective assessment of pathological criteria, or deviations from the ideal postoperative course requiring clinical intervention. While infections are the most prevalent complication type, morbidity affecting the heart, lungs, kidneys, or brain carry the worst prognosis. Specific pathophysiological processes drive morbidity in each organ system. In addition, dysfunction of the cardiovascular and immune systems can lead to m

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Freely Jr, John J., and Michel Sabbagh. Pyloric Stenosis. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0083.

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Pyloric stenosis is one of the most common surgical conditions affecting neonates and young infants. Hypertrophy of the pyloric muscular layers results in gradual gastric outlet obstruction. Persistent episodic projectile vomiting and dehydration as well as hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis are cardinal features. Definitive treatment is surgical pyloromyotomy, but it is not a surgical emergency. Emergency medical intervention is often required to correct intravascular volume depletion and electrolyte disturbances. Morbidity and mortality should be limited due to advancements in su

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Kwon, Rachel J. Size as a Predictor of Malignancy of Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma. Edited by Randall Owen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199384075.003.0042.

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This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in endocrine surgery. Does size correlate with malignancy in adrenal cortical carcinoma? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case involving postop

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McLeon, Kelly. Oxaliplatin, Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin as Adjuvant Treatment for Colon Cancer. Edited by SreyRam Kuy and Miguel A. Burch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199384075.003.0011.

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The landmark MOSAIC trial examined whether the addition of oxaliplatin to a postoperative adjuvant treatment regimen of fluorouracil and leucovorin affected disease-free survival from colon cancer. The MOSAIC trial established the efficacy of FOLFOX over 5-FU/LV as adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer and established FOLFOX4 as the reference standard for adjuvant treatment for stage III disease. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study desig

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Moore, Laurel E. Acute Stroke. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0063.

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Stroke is the leading cause of disability in the United States, and in terms of mortality is second only to ischemic heart disease worldwide. Medical management for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) was limited to supportive care until 1995, when the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) trial demonstrated improved outcomes with systemic thrombolysis for AIS. Since December 2014, four major articles have been published in support of endovascular intervention for AIS, making this a central focus of this chapter. Other related topics for this chapter include the timing of ele

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Khorgami, Zhamak, and Ali Aminian. Readmissions after Bariatric Surgery. Edited by Tomasz Rogula, Philip Schauer, and Tammy Fouse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190608347.003.0016.

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Readmission after bariatric surgery occurs in about 5% of cases and increases the average costs up to 2.5-fold. Risk factors for readmission are dependent functional status, diabetes mellitus, steroid or immunosuppressant use, cardiac disease with intervention, bleeding disorders, longer operative time, concurrent splenectomy, high preoperative creatinine, low serum albumin, and occurrence of postoperative complications during index admission. The most common reasons for readmissions are procedure-related complications, including dehydration, abdominal pain, bleeding, anastomotic leak, gastroi

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9

C, Carson Culley, ed. Complications of interventional techniques. Igaku-Shoin, 1996.

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10

Dubose, Arielle C., and SreyRam Kuy. A Comparison of Laparoscopically Assisted and Open Colectomy for Colon Cancer. Edited by SreyRam Kuy and Miguel A. Burch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199384075.003.0010.

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The landmark COST trial compared outcomes between minimally invasive surgery and open surgical resection for patients with colon cancer. The study found that patients with operable right, left, or sigmoid colon cancer, either laparoscopic-assisted or open colectomy may be offered without compromising the risk of tumor recurrence or mortality. Patients who underwent colectomy via a laparoscopic-assisted approach, compared to open, had a shorter length of hospital stay and required parenteral narcotics and oral analgesics for less time, while having equal rates of intraoperative and postoperativ

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11

Wouters, Patrick F., Fabio Guarracino, and Manfred Seeberger. Perioperative echocardiography. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0066.

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Perioperative echocardiography is one of the fastest growing areas of echocardiography. Transthoracic imaging is increasingly being used in postoperative patients, in critical care settings, and in emergency medicine. Intraoperative imaging remains the exclusive domain of transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) where cardiac surgery is the primary field of application. However, the use of intraoperative TOE is gradually expanding towards non-cardiac surgery. The indications for perioperative echo have recently been re-evaluated, resulting in recognition of the ubiquitous benefit in patients un

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12

Shulman, Ryan, Adrian Wilson, and Delia Peppercorn. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.008003.

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♦ ACL tear: abnormal fibres, tibial translation, PCL/patella tendon buckling, bone bruising♦ Meniscal tear: signal change to free edge♦ Bone bruising:• Reticular—not continuous subarticular bone• Geographic—extends to subarticular bone♦ Posterolateral corner:• Oblique slices through fibular head• Consists of lateral collateral ligament, popliteus, popliteofibular ligament, and arcuate complex.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized the investigation and treatment of the painful knee. It is non-invasive and avoids patient exposure to ionizing radiation. MRI has the advantage of esta

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13

Carter, Jessica, and Srinivas Pyati. Nonpharmacologic Management of Postsurgical Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457006.003.0014.

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As a component of a multimodal analgesic approach, psychological and behavioral interventions are gaining popularity and importance with a goal to reduce the doses of the analgesics consumed during the perioperative period. This chapter reviews the use of neurostimulation, including transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS), in the postoperative period. The goal is to broaden perspectives on possible components of a multimodal, patient-centered regimen that includes pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies to improve the postoperative experience.

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14

Rummell, Christina M. Support Groups and Behavioral Science. Edited by Tomasz Rogula, Philip Schauer, and Tammy Fouse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190608347.003.0003.

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While a psychological evaluation is often a required part of a weight-loss surgery workup, providers are becoming aware of the need for behavioral health services during each phase of the surgery process. Research has documented a higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in severely obese patient populations, with those who receive behavioral health interventions before surgery having better outcomes than those who do not. Common recommendations and interventions for pre- and postoperative behavioral health optimization are reviewed and discussed.Statistics indicate a greater lifetime pr

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15

Veering, Bernadette, and Chris Dodds. Anaesthesia in the elderly. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0086.

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The elderly population continues to grow. As surgical intervention in disease processes becomes more aggressive, the anaesthetist is faced with an increasing number of elderly patients. Elderly patients should be approached with a clear understanding of ageing, how it occurs, how it affects specific organ systems, and how it may influence clinical care, when a patient is subjected to an operation. The ageing process is a multifactorial process, resulting in a decreased capacity for adaptation and producing a gradual decrease in functional reserve of many organ systems. This has significant eff

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16

Ordoñez, Alex, Emanuele Lo Menzo, Samuel Szomstein, and Raul J. Rosenthal. Management of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Edited by Tomasz Rogula, Philip Schauer, and Tammy Fouse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190608347.003.0031.

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The increased popularity of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) can be attributed to its technical simplicity, coupled with its good results. Strictures after LSG are reported with a low incidence. The reasons for strictures are mostly mechanical and are related to the size of the bougie utilized, the proximity of the stapler to the bougie, and twisting of the stapler along the longitudinal axis. Mild cases of strictures immediately postoperatively are typically the result of temporary edema and can be managed expectantly. Strictures that do not resolve quickly with time or that present late

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Lameire, Norbert. Prevention of acute kidney injury. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0225_update_001.

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This chapter describes the most important non-pharmacologic interventions in the prevention of acute kidney injury. Specific for bypass surgery is the choice between on- versus off-pump surgery in coronary artery bypass grafting. Other interventions include optimization and maintenance of oxygen delivery and of cardiovascular haemodynamics; careful selection of fluid therapy, particularly in septic shock and the postoperative period; possible application of preoperative remote ischaemic preconditioning; maintaining euglycaemia, and application of lung-protective artificial ventilation.

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Federle, Michael P., and Michael O. Griffin. Radiologic Assessment and Management of Complications. Edited by Tomasz Rogula, Philip Schauer, and Tammy Fouse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190608347.003.0027.

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Radiology plays and important role in the evaluation of patients who have undergone a bariatric surgical procedure. This chapter discusses the imaging appearance of complications after the most common bariatric surgeries, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, gastric banding, and sleeve gastrectomy. The fluoroscopic upper GI examination and computed tomography (CT) are the most commonly used imaging modalities for evaluating these patients. For each surgical procedure, fluoroscopic and/or CT images are used to illustrate the normal postoperative anatomy and to provide examples of common and uncommon compl

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Pedro, Mónica M., and N. Cardim. Vascular imaging. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199599639.003.0027.

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The use of vascular ultrasonography (alone or combined with newer techniques like angio-magnetic resonance or angio-computed tomography) is an essential tool for the diagnosis and the assessment of vascular diseases. It is also useful for the follow-up after surgical or endovascular interventions (avoiding the need to use angiography in any therapeutic decision in most cases). The integration of two-dimensional echocardiography, colour flow imaging and spectral Doppler makes the morphological and functional assessment of vascular disease possible in almost every territory.For a long time, vasc

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20

Hagerman, Nancy S., and Anna M. Varughese. Preoperative Anxiety Management. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.003.0001.

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Up to 65% of pediatric patients experience anxiety and fear in the preoperative period, especially during anesthesia induction. Reasons for this anxiety include the child's perception of the threat of pain, being separated from parents, a strange environment, and losing control. Anxiety and poor behavioral compliance associated with inhalation inductions have been related to adverse outcomes including emergence delirium and maladaptive postoperative behaviors such as general and separation anxiety, eating difficulties, and sleep disturbances. Fortunately, there are behavioral and pharmacologic

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21

Roscoe, Andrew, and Peter Slinger. Anaesthesia for thoracic surgery. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0057.

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The conduct of thoracic anaesthesia requires an understanding of respiratory anatomy and physiology in order to optimize patient care whilst facilitating intrathoracic surgery. The preoperative assessment focuses on the underlying diagnosis, with emphasis on the impact of the surgical procedure on the patient’s cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Intraoperative care frequently necessitates lung isolation and proficiency at the variety of techniques available is essential. Additionally, adept management of one-lung ventilation and correction of hypoxaemia is fundamental to providing favoura

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Irwin, Michael G., Chi Wai Cheung, and Gordon Tin Chun Wong. Anaesthesia for ENT, dental, and maxillofacial surgery. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0065.

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The principles of anaesthesia management for otolaryngological and maxillofacial surgery share some similarities and unique challenges. Patients present at all ages and surgery can range from simple, short interventions to major, prolonged, and complicated cases with potential for massive blood loss. Some procedures can be performed under local anaesthesia with sedation whereas, at the other extreme, general anaesthesia with invasive monitoring is required. Microsurgery will necessitate a bloodless field, nerve monitoring is often required, and there is a susceptibility to postoperative nausea

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23

Starker, Elizabeth Q., Staci N. Allen, and Debnath Chatterjee. Anesthesia for Adolescent Bariatric Surgery. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0064.

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The growing epidemic of childhood obesity has resulted in an increasing number of obese children presenting for a wide range of surgical procedures. Bariatric surgery is gaining popularity as a valid treatment option in severely obese adolescents in whom life style interventions are not successful. The perioperative management of these patients pose several anesthetic challenges. The role of the anesthesiologist in the multidisciplinary model is outlined in this chapter. A case-based approach focuses on the preoperative evaluation, intraoperative anesthetic considerations, appropriate drug dos

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24

Walker, Marc E., David M. Tsai, and J. Grant Thomson. Perioperative Pain Management in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457006.003.0020.

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In the past three decades, the number of outpatient surgery centers in the United States has risen exponentially. Hand and upper extremity surgery is no exception, and in many respects, with the modern advancements in anesthesia care, surgery of the hand is one of the best-suited fields for such change. This chapter explores the physiologic aspects of pain, as well as both historical and modern interventions of pain management for such patients. The authors discuss perioperative pharmacological and procedural treatments including various anesthesia options, peripheral and regional nerve blocka

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25

Chatterjee, Debnath. Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedure for Giant Fetal Cervical Teratoma. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0005.

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The ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure has enabled securing the airway and performing lifesaving fetal interventions in a controlled clinical environment, allowing successful transition to the postnatal period. This book chapter focuses on the multidisciplinary life-saving approach to the management of a fetus with a giant neck mass using an EXIT-to-airway strategy. The guiding principles of an EXIT procedure and newer evolving indications are discussed. A case-based approach is used to describe the preoperative diagnostic workup, intraoperative anesthetic considerations, options

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Wuenstel, Andrew, David Frim, and Magdalena Anitescu. Postcraniotomy Pain and Chiari Malformation Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0004.

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The clinical syndrome associated with Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) affects all ages, newborns through elderly. Boys and girls are affected equally; adult women are affected three times more than men. The most common form of Chiari malformation, CM1, is often asymptomatic, but one common symptom of CM1 is occipital headache triggered by Valsalva maneuvers. A syrinx, present in many patients, causes neurologic deficits at the level of the syrinx or below. There are medical and surgical management options to treat the pain syndromes associated with CM1. For patients who are resistant to medic

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Clavijo, Claudia F., and Efrain Riveros-Perez. Fundamentals of Anesthetic Care. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190885885.003.0005.

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This chapter focuses on the anesthesia process which can be divided into phases, from the preoperative assessment to induction, maintenance, emergence and finally to discharge. Throughout the whole process, patient safety is of paramount importance. This chapter focuses on safety measures such as surgical time-out, use of checklists, and prevention of intraoperative awareness. Fluid management, and intraoperative complications such as hypoxemia, electrolyte imbalances, and hypotension and hypertension are also discussed. The chapter discusses specific circumstances regarding anesthesia interve

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28

Selim, Magdy. Neuroprotection for General, Orthopedic, Peripheral Vascular, and ENT Surgery. Edited by David L. Reich, Stephan Mayer, and Suzan Uysal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190280253.003.0022.

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Unlike stroke after cardiac and carotid surgery, stroke after general; orthopedic; peripheral vascular; and ear, nose, and throat surgery has not been investigated extensively. The incidence, predisposing factors, and etiological mechanisms of stroke in patients undergoing these procedures are reviewed. Recommendations to prevent, recognize, and treat stroke following these surgical procedures are provided to minimize postoperative stroke risk and its associated morbidity and disability. Although these recommendations can help to decrease the incidence of perioperative stroke, there is an unme

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29

Sivak, Erica, Marcus Malek, and Denise Hall-Burton. Hirschsprung Disease. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0037.

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Hirschsprung disease is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the enteric nervous system. Inability to pass meconium in the neonatal period, enterocolitis, bowel obstruction, or chronic constipation in older infants and children may be the presenting symptoms. Once diagnosed, surgical intervention is always required. Successful resection of all portions of aganglionic intestine may be accomplished through multiple surgical techniques. Depending upon the surgical approach required, regional anesthesia may be indicated to assist with pain control postoperatively. This chapter describ

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Pajewski, Thomas N. Anesthesia for Anterior/Posterior Spine Surgery. Edited by David E. Traul and Irene P. Osborn. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190850036.003.0011.

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Surgical approaches to correct spine pathology are based on anatomical considerations along with a surgeon’s experience and preference. Beyond consideration of the actual anatomic level being addressed, the different areas of the spinal column, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral coccygeal regions are in proximity of a range of structures that must be appreciated during surgery. These considerations impact the anesthetic management of the surgical patient. Historically, spine pathology was initially approached posteriorly, but, since the mid-twentieth century, the anterior approach has been

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31

Candido, Kenneth D., Tatiana Tverdohleb, and Nebojsa Nick Knezevic. Postlaminectomy Syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0024.

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Postlaminectomy syndrome is persistent or recurrent back pain after otherwise anatomically successful lumbar spine surgery. A dramatic increase in the number of low back surgeries has been observed since 1997, with an increased incidence of pain after low back surgery in the range of 5% to 74.6%. The mechanisms contributing to back pain are muscle damage during surgery, muscle spasm, and inflammation, with subsequent development of myofascial pain syndrome as well as other typical and atypical back pain generators. Diagnosis is based primarily on history and physical examination, as well as re

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32

Joyce, David L., and Lyle D. Joyce. Mechanical Circulatory Support. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190909291.001.0001.

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Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) offers life-saving treatment options for patients with advanced heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and acute cardiopulmonary failure. With the development of short-term, long-term, left-sided, right-sided, biventricular, and cardiopulmonary support options, the complexity surrounding this field has evolved substantially in the past decade. This textbook seeks to provide a logical and systematic framework for managing patients who require MCS therapies. In chapters 2–9, a comprehensive approach to selecting and preparing patients for MCS interventions is desc

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Gissey, Lidia Castagneto, James R. Casella Mariolo, Geltrude Mingrone, and Francesco Rubino. Metabolic surgery and depression. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198789284.003.0012.

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The incidence of obesity is rising worldwide and so are its comorbidities: type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidaemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, sleep apnoea, and depression. Bariatric/metabolic surgery has established itself over the past several years as an effective treatment not only for morbid obesity but also for its associated morbidities. The effects of bariatric/metabolic surgery on depression are controversial, with some studies showing improvement and others demonstrating a worsening. However, a major drawback of these studies is that they do not compare patients wit

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34

Howell, Simon J. Clinical trial designs in anaesthesia. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0030.

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A clinical trial is a research study that assigns people or groups to different interventions and compares the impact of these on health outcomes. This chapter examines the design and delivery of clinical trials in anaesthesia and perioperative medicine covering the issues outlined below. The features of a high-quality clinical trial include well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, a control group, randomization, and blinding. Outcome measures may be broadly divided into counting the number of people who experience an outcome and taking measurements on people. The outcome measures select

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35

H, Cheng Davy C., and David Tirone E, eds. Perioperative care in cardiac anesthesia and surgery. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.

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