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Averbach, Sarah, Gennifer Kully, Erica Hinz, et al. "Early vs Interval Postpartum Intrauterine Device Placement." JAMA 329, no. 11 (2023): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.1936.
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ImportanceThe early postpartum period, 2 to 4 weeks after birth, may be a convenient time for intrauterine device (IUD) placement; the placement could then coincide with early postpartum or well-baby visits.ObjectiveTo determine expulsion rates for IUDs placed early postpartum compared with those placed at the standard interval 6-week visit.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this randomized noninferiority trial, people who had a vaginal or cesarean birth were randomly assigned to undergo early (14-28 days) or interval (42-56 days) postpartum IUD placement. Clinicians blinded to participant study group used transvaginal ultrasonography to confirm IUD presence and position at the 6-month postpartum follow-up. The study assessed 642 postpartum people from 4 US medical centers, enrolled a consecutive sample of 404 participants from March 2018 to July 2021, and followed up each participant for 6 months postpartum.InterventionsEarly postpartum IUD placement, at 2 to 4 weeks postpartum, vs standard interval placement 6 to 8 weeks postpartum.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was complete IUD expulsion by 6 months postpartum; the prespecified noninferiority margin was 6%. Secondary outcomes were partial IUD expulsion, IUD removal, pelvic infection, patient satisfaction, uterine perforation, pregnancy, and IUD use at 6 months postpartum. IUD malposition was an exploratory outcome.ResultsAmong 404 enrolled participants, 203 participants were randomly assigned to undergo early IUD placement and 201 to undergo interval IUD placement (mean [SD] age, 29.9 [5.4] years; 46 [11.4%] were Black, 228 [56.4%] were White, and 175 [43.3%] were Hispanic). By 6 months postpartum, 53 participants (13%) never had an IUD placed and 57 (14%) were lost to follow-up. Among the 294 participants (73%) who received an IUD and completed 6-month follow-up, complete expulsion rates were 3 of 149 (2.0% [95% CI, 0.4%-5.8%]) in the early placement group and 0 of 145 (0% [95% CI, 0.0%-2.5%]) in the interval placement group (between-group difference, 2.0 [95% CI, −0.5 to 5.7] percentage points). Partial expulsion occurred in 14 (9.4% [95% CI, 5.2%-15.3%]) participants in the early placement group and 11 (7.6% [95% CI, 3.9%-13.2%]) participants in the interval placement group (between-group difference, 1.8 [95% CI, −4.8 to 8.6] percentage points). IUD use at 6 months was similar between the groups: 141 (69.5% [95% CI, 62.6%-75.7%]) participants in the early group vs 139 (67.2% [95% CI, 60.2%-73.6%]) in the interval group.Conclusions and RelevanceEarly IUD placement at 2 to 4 weeks postpartum compared with 6 to 8 weeks postpartum was noninferior for complete expulsion, but not partial expulsion. Understanding the risk of expulsion at these time points may help patients and clinicians make informed choices about the timing of IUD placement.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03462758
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Eduvie, L. O., and P. M. Dawuda. "Effect of suckling on reproductive activities of Bunaji cows during the postpartum period." Journal of Agricultural Science 107, no. 2 (1986): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600087025.
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SummaryForty-one cows were used to determine calving intervals, intervals from calving to conception and pregnancy rates at 60–90 days postpartum for suckled and nonsuckled Bunaji cows. Twelve of the cows (six suckled and six non-suckled) were used to study the serum progesterone concentrations during the postpartum period. The mean intervals from calving to conception were 232·5 and 72·6 with calving intervals of 512·5 and 352·6 days for suckled and non-suckled cows, respectively. Pregnancy rates at 60–90 days postpartum were 21·1 and 72·7% for suckled and non-suckled animals, respectively. The overall mean calving interval and interval from calving to conception for all cows were 426·7 and 146·7 days, respectively, with a conception rate of 48·8%.Based on serum content of progesterone and rectal palpation of ovaries, one of six suckled cows resumed ovarian activities within the first 90 days of calving with peak progesterone of 0·7 ng/ml. Four of six non-suckled cows resumed cyclic activities and conceived within the same period. Two of the four cows conceived at the first postpartum cycle and the remaining two conceived at the second cycle. The serum progesterone concentrations of the cows ranged from 0·1 to 6·9 ng/ml during the nonfertile cycle and 0·1 to 15 ng/ml at pregnancy. It is concluded that suckling interfered with ovarian activities and thus conception during the postpartum period, resulting in a prolonged calving interval.
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Ashenafi, Wondimye, Bezatu Mengistie, Gudina Egata, and Yemane Berhane. "The role of intimate partner violence victimization during pregnancy on maternal postpartum depression in Eastern Ethiopia." SAGE Open Medicine 9 (January 2021): 205031212198949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312121989493.
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Background: Intimate partner violence during pregnancy is a strong predictor of maternal postpartum depression. In Ethiopia, evidence on the association of intimate partner violence during pregnancy with postpartum depression is very limited. To design appropriate intervention, it is thus important to understand how postpartum depression varies as a function of the type and severity of intimate partner violence victimization during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to explore the association of different types of intimate partner violence during pregnancy and its severity with postpartum depression in Eastern Ethiopia. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to October 2018. The study included a sample of 3015 postpartum women residing in Eastern Ethiopia. The cutoff point for postpartum depression was defined as ⩾13 points according to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The prevalence ratio with 95% confidence intervals was calculated, and the association between the main predictor (i.e. intimate partner violence during pregnancy) and the outcome variable (postpartum depression) was determined using log binomial regression model. Results: 16.3% (95% confidence interval: 14.9–17.7) of women experienced postpartum depression. After controlling potential confounding factors, the prevalence of postpartum depression among women exposed to severe physical intimate partner violence during pregnancy was 1.98 times higher as compared to those not exposed to physical intimate partner violence during pregnancy (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.53–2.54). Exposure to psychological intimate partner violence during pregnancy was found to increase the prevalence of postpartum depression by 1.79 as compared to non-exposure to psychological intimate partner violence during pregnancy (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.79; 95% confidence interval: 1.48–2.18). Conclusion: The study provides evidence that psychological and severe physical intimate partner violence during pregnancy were significantly associated with maternal postpartum depression. Screening of pregnant women for intimate partner violence and providing them the necessary support can minimize the risk to postpartum depression.
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Jena, Belayneh Hamdela, Gashaw Andargie Biks, Yigzaw Kebede Gete, and Kassahun Alemu Gelaye. "Association of primary postpartum hemorrhage with inter-pregnancy interval in urban South Ethiopia: A matched nested case-control study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (2022): e0271216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271216.
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Background Globally, postpartum hemorrhage is the leading preventable cause of maternal mortality. To decrease postpartum hemorrhage-related maternal mortalities, identifying its risk factors is crucial to suggest interventions. In this regard, little is known about the link between primary postpartum hemorrhage and inter-pregnancy interval in Ethiopia, where more than half of pregnancies occur shortly after the preceding childbirth. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the association of primary postpartum hemorrhage with an inter-pregnancy interval in urban South Ethiopia. Methods A community-based matched nested case-control study was conducted among a cohort of 2548 pregnant women. All women with primary postpartum hemorrhage during the follow-up (n = 73) were taken as cases. Women who were randomly selected from those without primary postpartum hemorrhage (n = 292) were taken as controls. Cases were individually matched with controls (1:4 ratio) for age group and location. A conditional logistic regression analysis was done using R version 4.0.5 software. Statistically, a significant association was declared using 95% CI and p-value. Attributable fraction (AF) and population attributable fraction (PAF) were used to estimate the public health impacts of the inter-pregnancy interval. Results This study found out that more than half (66%) of primary postpartum hemorrhage was attributed to inter-pregnancy interval <24 months (AF = 66.3%, 95% CI: 37.5, 82.5%). This could be prevented if the inter-pregnancy interval was increased to 24–60 months. Likewise, nearly half (49%) of primary postpartum hemorrhage in the study population could be prevented if the inter-pregnancy interval <24 months was prevented. Additionally, primary postpartum hemorrhage was attributed to antepartum hemorrhage, prolonged labour and multiple pregnancies. Conclusions Primary postpartum hemorrhage was associated with inter-pregnancy interval under 24 months, highlighting the need to improve postpartum modern contraceptive utilization in the community. Counseling couples about how long to wait until subsequent pregnancy and the risk when the inter-pregnancy interval is short need to be underlined.
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Walker, G. "Maternal mortality and the postpartum interval." BMJ 292, no. 6534 (1986): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.292.6534.1524.
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Savona-Ventura, C. "Maternal mortality and the postpartum interval." BMJ 293, no. 6540 (1986): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.293.6540.205-b.
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Kandzia, Tomasz, Grażyna Markiewicz-Łoskot, and Przemysław Binkiewicz. "Tpeak-Tend Interval during Pregnancy and Postpartum." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (2022): 12638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912638.
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Background: Pregnancy is a condition in which new cardiac arrhythmias can occur or prior undiagnosed arrhythmias may provide symptoms. The occurrence of severe ventricular arrhythmias and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that may lead to fainting or sudden cardiac death is promoted by the prolongation of the QTc interval. The post-partum adaptation period is the most arrhythmogenic. TpTe (Tpeak-Tend interval) is a novel marker of arrhythmogenesis by many considered a more sensitive marker than QTc. Objective: The aim of our work was to determine the TpTe interval (Tpeak-Tend) in women in the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy and the post-partum period. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 128 women in pregnancy or postpartum and a control group of 32 non-pregnant women. A standard 12-lead ECG (electrocardiograph) recording with evaluation of the duration of TpTe and QTc was performed in all patients. Results: In comparison to the non-pregnant women, higher values of QTc and TpTe were observed starting in the first trimester with highest values observed in the postpartum period. Mean duration of TpTe interval during pregnancy (81.59 ± 5.92 ms) and in the whole study group (pregnancy + postpartum) (85.46 ± 6.45 ms) was significantly longer (p < 0.001) compared to the TpTe interval in the control group (74.06 ± 6.14 ms). During pregnancy and postpartum, the increase in the TpTe interval in comparison to the increase in the QTc parameter (31.10% vs. 4.18%) was significantly higher (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The study showed an increase in the duration of the TpTe interval and QTc parameter during pregnancy and postpartum with the highest values in the postpartum period. TpTe interval increase was significantly higher compared to QTc increase during pregnancy and postpartum. Changes of TpTe interval were not associated with any clinical outcome or measure of arrythmia burden. Further studies are needed in order to see the clinical significance of these ECG findings, in particular for larger groups of patients with automatic measurement in correlation with echocardiography
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Rosmayanti, Lulu Mamlukah, Windi Tifani, and Moch Abimanda Ferdiansyah. "Hubungan Jarak Kelahiran dengan Kejadian Perdarahan Post Partum Primer di PMB A Kec. Bojongloa Kaler Kota Bandung." NURSING UPDATE : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Keperawatan P-ISSN : 2085-5931 e-ISSN : 2623-2871 14, no. 1 (2023): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36089/nu.v14i1.983.
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Background: Based on WHO research worldwide, there are 500,000 maternal deaths per year. Postpartum hemorrhage is one of the causes of maternal death. The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage is around 10% and its a direct cause of maternal death. The ideal interval for pregnancy (after a prior pregnancy) is not less than 2 years and not more than 5 years. If the interval is less than 2 years and more than 5 years, it can result in greater maternal mortality which begins with various complications, including postpartum hemorrhage. Methodology: This study uses an analytical approach with a cross sectional design. The sample in this study was 84 samples. Data retrieval using medical record data. The analysis was carried out by univariate and bivariate using the Chi-Square test. Conclusion: There is a relationship between postpartum hemorrhage and inter- pregnancy interval. Keywords: Inter-pregnancy interval, Bleeding, Postpartum
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Nur Reski Annisa, Nadjamuddin, Rahadi Arie Hartoko, and Sari Ifdiana Jalal. "The Correlation between Occupation and Birth Interval in Primary Postpartum Hemorrhage." Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI) 7, no. 11 (2024): 2810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56338/mppki.v7i11.6142.
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ntroduction: Postpartum hemorrhage stands as one of the major contributors to maternal mortality globally. Postpartum hemorrhage is a rapid heavy vaginal bleeding that can cause signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock. Many factors cause postpartum hemorrhage classified into indirect causes, namely type of delivery, age, parity, birth spacing, family income, education, and occupation. Objective: This study aims to determine the correlation between occupation and birth spacing with primary postpartum hemorrhage. Method: This study uses a case-control approach with a purposive sampling technique. The sample for this study included multigravida mothers and mothers diagnosed with primary postpartum hemorrhage at Ananda Maternity and Child Hospital, Makassar, in 2021. The total sample was 174 consisting of 84 cases and 84 control samples. The research instrument data is in the form of secondary data, namely medical records. Data analysis employed the chi-square test for bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression for multivariate analysis, with a significance level of 0.05 Result: The results of the bivariate analysis showed a relationship between occupation (p-value: 0.000) and delivery distance (p-value: 0.000). Working mothers are 6 times at risk for experiencing primary postpartum hemorrhage (OR= 5.833) while mothers whose delivery interval is < 2 years or > 5 years have 4 times the risk (OR= 3.719). The results of the multivariate analysis show that the work and pregnancy distance is significantly related to the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (value P: 0,000) where the odds ratio for work (OR = 6,178) is higher than the distance of pregnancy (OR = 4.008). Conclusion: Occupational factors and birth spacing are significantly associated with primary postpartum hemorrhage, working mothers have a higher risk of experiencing primary postpartum hemorrhage. Pregnant women and women of childbearing age should receive more education about postpartum hemorrhage and its influencing factors to help prevent and identify it early.
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Singh, Urvashi, Shubhangi Sonkar, Preeti Yadav, Meena Dayal, Veena Gupta, and Somya Saxena. "Comparative evaluation of postpartum IUCD versus interval IUCD at a tertiary care centre in Allahabad, India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 4 (2017): 1534. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20171423.
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Background: The use of Cu T in postpartum period can provide long term and effective contraception and this study compares PPIUCD versus interval IUCD.Methods: 300 women enrolled in the study were divided into two groups. Postpartum group-150; Postplacental or within 10 minutes/intracaesarean/within 48 hrs of delivery. Interval Group 150; after 6 weeks of delivery / postmenstrual. Cu T 380A was used in the study. Contraindication for PPIUCD were between 48 hrs and 6 wks postpartum, chorioaminionitis, PROM >18 hrs, unresolved PPH and puerperal sepsis. All were followed up for 6 months.Results: The continuation rate at 6 months was 81.81% in interval group and 88.23% in postpartum group. Complications occurred in 15.33% cases after PPIUCD and in 19.33% cases after interval IUCD. Expulsion rate was significantly higher in PPIUCD as compared to interval insertions (6.96% v/s 2.2%; p value <0.05). Removal rate of IUCD was almost similar in both the groups (4% in PPIUCD v/s 6.0% in interval).Conclusions: PPIUCD is an effective, safe, convenient, low cost and long term method of postpartum contraception irrespective of the mode of delivery.
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Terefe, Gemechu, Diriba Wakjira, and Fikadu Abebe. "Immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device use among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Jimma town public healthcare facilities, Ethiopia: Intentions and barriers." SAGE Open Medicine 11 (January 2023): 205031212311572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121231157212.
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Objective: This study aimed to assess the intention and barriers to the use of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Jimma town public healthcare facilities, southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from 1 September to 30 October 2020 by using a systematic sampling technique. Data were entered into Epi-data 3.1 version and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences 23 for analysis. A binary logistic regression analysis was done to sort candidate variables for multiple logistic regression, and multivariable logistic regressions were done to identify factors associated with the intention to postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices. Factors associated with intention to use immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device declared at 95% confidence interval. Results: This study finding showed that 37.6% (95% confidence interval (31.5, 43.7)) of pregnant women intended to use the immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device after their delivery. The main reason women refused to use immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices was being satisfied with other methods to use after they gave birth (27.5 %), the concern of health harm (22.2%), and the fear of impaired future fertility (16.4%). The identified factors that were statically significant with the intention to use immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices among pregnant women were included: attended secondary education (adjusted odd ratio = 2.36; p = 0.03; 95% confidence interval (1.089, 5.128)), attended college and above (adjusted odd ratio = 2.99; p = 0.020; 95% confidence interval (1.189, 7.541)), have high knowledge on immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices ((adjusted odd ratio = 2.10; p = 0.006; 95% confidence interval (1.236, 3.564)), the previous history of LACM used (adjusted odd ratio = 6.85; p = 0.0001; 95% confidence interval (3.560, 10.021)), parity >4 (adjusted odd ratio = 1.86; p = 0.043; 95% confidence interval (3.99, 8.703)). Conclusion: The intention of pregnant women to use after they gave birth in the study area was low. Maternal educational level, high knowledge, history of previous long-acting contraceptive methods use, and parity were significantly associated with pregnant women’s intention to use immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices. Healthcare providers should focus on delivering crucial information about immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device benefits for postpartum women, particularly concerning reducing barriers during antenatal care follow-up as they plan to use it after their delivery.
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Muhammad Arif, Diah Tri Widayati, and Yustina Yuni Suranindyah. "The Correlation Between Plasma Phosphor and Cholesterol on Reproduction Performance of Holstein-Friesian Crossbred." Jurnal AgroSainTa: Widyaiswara Mandiri Membangun Bangsa 7, no. 1 (2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.51589/ags.v7i1.2507.
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This study was aimed to identify plasma phosphor and plasma cholesterol and its correlation to reproduction efficiency of Holstein-Friesian Crossbred. The material used in this research was blood sample collected from sixteen heads of cow on second to third lactation in luteal phase. Blood was collected eight hours after feeding time from caudal vein. Reproduction parameters investigated were postpartum breeding; inseminations per conception; and calving interval. Pearson correlation model was used to analyze the data. The average of plasma phosphor and plasma cholesterol concentration were 2.27 ± 0.36 mg/dl and 139.74 ± 25.82 mg/dl respectively. The average of postpartum breeding, calving interval, and inseminations per conception were 133.56 ± 59.34; 410.43 ± 71.01; and 2.00 ± 0.90 respectively. The correlation coefficient of the plasma phosphor on postpartum breeding, inseminations per conception, and calving interval from this study were -0.080; –0.122; and -0.359 respectively. Correlation coefficient of plasma cholesterol on postpartum breeding, inseminations per conception, and calving interval were -0.114; –0.573; and -0.402 respectively. It could be concluded that plasma phosphor correlated negatively to the postpartum breeding and inseminations per conception with the r value of very weak negative correlation while it correlated negatively to the calving interval with the r value of weak negative correlation. The plasma cholesterol had a moderate negative correlation on inseminations per conception and calving interval, and correlated negatively to the postpartum breeding with the r value of very weak negative correlation
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Baldwin, M., M. Nichols, A. Edelman, and J. Jensen. "Early versus standard interval postpartum IUD placement." Contraception 90, no. 3 (2014): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2014.05.149.
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Dirirsa, Dejene Edosa, Adugna Alemu Desta, Tinsae Abeya Geleta, Mathewos Mekonnen Gemmechu, Girma Tufa Melese, and Shimellis Tadese Abebe. "Intimate partner violence in the postpartum period and its associated factors among women attending a postnatal clinic in Central Ethiopia." SAGE Open Medicine 10 (January 2022): 205031212211001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121221100136.
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Objective: Intimate partner violence may affect women at any stage of their lives, including during pregnancy and after childbirth, and can have major health consequences for both the mother and the child. Therefore, the study was aimed to assess Intimate partner violence against postpartum women and its associated factors among women attending the postpartum clinic in Central Ethiopia, 2021. Methods: The hospital based cross-sectional study design was implemented among postpartum women attending Sendafa Beke Hospital from September to October 2021. Systematic random sampling procedure was used to select 414 eligible postpartum women. Data were collected using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi Info and exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. All variables with p-value < 0.05 under adjusted odds ratio were taken as statistical significant associated factors with postpartum intimate partner violence. Results: A total of 414 postpartum women participated in the study with a 97% of response rate. The prevalence of postpartum intimate partner violence was 31.4%. The study identified that monthly income 1000–5000 birr (adjusted odds ratio = 3.4; 95% confidence interval = 1.08, 10.5), partners’ alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio = 0.17, 95% confidence interval = 0.06, 0.45), decision-maker of household affairs (adjusted odds ratio = 4.8; 95% confidence interval = 1.5, 15.1), and infant’s sex (adjusted odds ratio = 0.03; 95% confidence interval = 0.02, 0.063) were significantly associated with postpartum intimate partner violence. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, nearly one-third of postpartum women were violated by their intimate partner after childbirth. Postpartum intimate partner violence was found to be associated with monthly income, partners’ alcohol intake, decision-maker of household affairs, and infant’s sex. To reduce the magnitude of the problem, different efforts should require from health professional, community, and government. The policy makers, planners and other concerned bodies establish appropriate strategy to prevent and control violence against women.
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Shobeiri, Elham, and Behnam Torabinejad. "Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in postpartum headache." Neuroradiology Journal 32, no. 1 (2018): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400918804193.
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Objectives The objectives were to determine the frequency of abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with postpartum headache and related factors. Methods A total of 102 patients with postpartum headache underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging study. The images were examined by a blinded radiologist. The related demographic, obstetric and headache-related factors were recorded. The multiple logistic regression model was used to determine the predictive factors. Results Abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings were observed in 42 of 102 patients (41.2%, 95% confidence interval = 31.6 to 50.7%). The most common finding was sinusitis (10 of 42 patients, 23.8%, 95% confidence interval = 15.5 to 32%). Then, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (six of 42 cases, 14.2%, 95% confidence interval = 7.4 to 20.9%), cerebral venous thrombosis (four of 42 cases, 9.5%, 95% confidence interval = 3.8 to 15.1%), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (four of 42 cases, 9.5%, 95% confidence interval = 3.8 to 15.1%) were most prevalent findings. Convulsions (odds ratio of 3.39) and initiation of headache earlier than 5 days postpartum (odds ratio of 0.29) were significant predictive factors. Conclusion Abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging findings were seen in a considerable number of patients with postpartum headache. When headache starts in the first 5 days postpartum and accompanied by convulsions, there are likely to be abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings.
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Negesse, Ayenew, Yidersail Hune, Habtamu Temesgen, Temesgen Getaneh, and Amare Bekalu. "A meta-analysis on burden of postpartum depression and its predictors among lactating women in East African countries from 1998 up to 2018." SAGE Open Medicine 10 (January 2022): 205031212211354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121221135403.
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Objective: Postpartum depression is a common mental illness that affects lactating women. This not only makes daily activities difficult for them, but it also affects child’s future lives. There is little evidence of about postpartum depression and its factors in East African countries, which piqued the authors’ interest in conducting a study on this matter for future decision- and policy-making. Methods: The protocol for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was followed. To identify published articles, all major databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, WHOLIS, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and reference lists were used. In addition, shelves, author contact, Google and Google Scholar were also used to identify unpublished studies. Joanna Briggs Institute—Meta-Analysis of Statistical Assessment and Review Instrument was used for critical appraisal of studies. STATA software version 14 was used for the analysis. The random-effect model was used to estimate postpartum depression with 95% confidence interval, while subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to identify potential sources of heterogeneity and associated factors, respectively. Furthermore, Egger’s test and trim-and-fill analysis were used to check for publication bias. Results: Postpartum depression was found in 24% of lactating women in East African countries (95% confidence interval: 17.79–30.20). Postpartum depression was associated with being married (odds ratio = 2; 95% confidence interval: 1.05–3.81), domestic violence (odds ratio = 6.34; 95% confidence interval: 4:11–9.78), a lack of support (odds ratio = 6.59; 95% confidence interval: 1.98–21.89), and a lack of empowerment (odds ratio = 2.79; 95% confidence interval: 1.12–6.92). Conclusion: In East Africa, the prevalence of postpartum depression among lactating women is high and rising, as per global postpartum depression estimates. Therefore, the primary focus should be on women’s domestic violence prevention mechanisms. Existing national policies and development agendas must prioritize strategies for women’s support and empowerment. Future research into the relationship between marriage and postpartum depression is required.
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McNaughton, L. R., G. A. Verkerk, T. J. Parkinson, B. Dow, K. A. Macdonald, and C. W. Holmes. "Postpartum anovulatory intervals in two genotypes of pasture-fed Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175275620001187x.
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In pasture-based dairying systems it is important to maintain a 365-day calving interval, which requires that cows have a rapid resumption of postpartum ovulatory activity and high conception rates. The major form of infertility in New Zealand (NZ) dairy cows is an extended postpartum anovulatory interval (ppai; Macmillan, 2002), a problem that can be exacerbated by low body condition score (BCS) at calving (McDougall, 1995). Furthermore, Holstein cows, originating from North American genetic strains (Overseas; OS), which have been widely used in NZ in recent years, have longer intervals to first mating and conceive later than do NZ strains, suggesting a possible delay in the initiation of postpartum cyclicity (Harris and Winkleman, 2000). Worldwide, there is concern over an apparent decline in the fertility of Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle (Butler et al., 1995; Royal et al., 2000). The purpose of this trial was to determine whether there was a difference in ppai and BCS between NZ and OS Holstein Friesians that may affect reproductive performance.
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Iyeghe-Erakpotobor, G. T., E. O. Oyedipe, L. O. Eduvie, and D. Ogwu. "Effect of rebreeding interval on reproductive performance and body weight changes of does during pregnancy." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 32, no. 1 (2021): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v32i1.1070.
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The effect of rebreeding interval on the reproductive performance and body weight changes of does during pregnancy was investigated using 24 multiparous crossbred (New Zealand White X California) does. The does were placed on three treatments comprising mating at 14, 21 and 28 days postpartum. The docs were served 250g-concentrate meal (23% CP und 2600 kcal ME/kg) daily, while water was given ad libitum. Parameters monitored were doe willingness to mate, doe weights during pregnancy, feed intake, pregnancy rate, litter size and weight at birth, alive at birth and up to 21 days postpartum and stillbirth rate. Kits were weaned at 4 weeks of age. Results obtained showed that does mated 14 days postpartum lost more weight in the second week of pregnancy than the other groups. Rebreeding interval did not significantly (P>0.05) affect doe weight gain in the 19, 3" and 4th weeks of pregnancy. Does mated 14-d postpartum had significantly (P<0.05) higher feed intake during the l", 2nd and 3rd weeks of pregnancy. Feed:guin ratio was higher for does mated 21 d postpartum than for other treatments. Pregnancy rate was higher in the 14-d group and lowest in the 28-d group. Willingness to mate also decreased with increasing rebreeding interval. Litter size at birth, number of kits alive at birth and up to 28 days postpartum were not affected (P>0.05) by rebreeding interval as was the case for litter birth weight and percent stillbirths. Does mated 14 days postpartum however, had numerically more kits alive at birth and up to 28 days postpartum than the other groups. Litter weights were slightly higher for does mated 14 and 21 days postpartum than 28 days. It is concluded from this study that mating does 14 days postpartum under tropical conditions could increase the number of kits weaned per doe and hence increase profitability of the rabbit production enterprise.
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YADAVA, R. C., and S. S. SHARMA. "THE DISTRIBUTION OF CONSECUTIVE CLOSED BIRTH INTERVALS IN FEMALES IN UTTAR PRADESH." Journal of Biosocial Science 39, no. 2 (2006): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932006001404.
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Summary.Most studies of closed birth intervals are regarding their variation at specific orders among females. This paper attempts to study the nature of the distributions of consecutive closed birth intervals. Data from the Uttar Pradesh National Family Health Survey 1998–99 (NFHS-2) were analysed. It was found that, under certain assumptions, the postpartum amenorrhoea period and menstruating interval are negatively associated, indicating that socio-cultural factors are affecting the menstruating interval.
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Abbas, Saba, Sadia Anwar, Kalsoom Essa Bhattani, Zubaida Khanum Wazir, and Rubina Babar. "Prevalence of Complications after Interval Postpartum Intrauterine Device Insertion." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 9 (2021): 2785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211592785.
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Background and Aim: Postpartum intrauterine device (PPIUD) is a reversible, long-term and effective technique of contraception. The intrauterine device (IUD) is inserted within 48 hours of delivery. The immediate insertion of an intrauterine device causes certain complications. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of complications after Interval Postpartum Intrauterine Device Insertion. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 147 women who underwent postpartum IUD (PPIUD) insertions during from January 2021 to June 2021 at Gynecology department, Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital (MMMTH), Dera Ismail Khan and Muhammad Teaching Hospital Peshawar. All the women who delivered and showed willingness for PPIUCD insertion were enrolled and continuously follow-up for 4 to 6 weeks after delivery. Demographic, obstetric, and clinical parameters were recorded on pre-designed medical proforma. PPIUCD insertion after 6 weeks of delivery were followed-up for the evaluation of complications. Uterine infection, medical removal of IUD, IUD expulsion, perforation, and method discontinuation were the outcome variables. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total deliveries, 147 women inserted the postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD). Of the total, about 122 (83%) women returned for follow-up after 6 weeks. All the women underwent transvaginal insertion of intrauterine contraceptive devices. The PPIUCD insertion related complications with prevalence were uterine infection 26 (21.3%), overall method suspension 17 (13.9%), perforation 20 (16.4%), interceptive uterine device expulsions 25 (20.5%), and intrauterine device removal 32 (26.2%). The severe uterine infection was in 2 (1.7%) cases who were hospitalized. Conclusion: The postpartum intrauterine device cumulative expulsion rate was higher among women compared to the expulsion rate of insertions. The longer duration of bloody lochia flow and delivery intrauterine device insertions were the key risk factors for expulsion of PPIUCD. Women can safely utilize intrauterine contraceptive devices with low complications beyond four week. Keywords: Postpartum intrauterine device; Complications; Intrauterine device expulsion
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Nadhira Farah Puspitasaria and Irmiya Rachmiyani. "Narrow distance inter-pregnancies increase the incidence of Post-Partum hemorrhage." Sanus Medical Journal 4, no. 1 (2022): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22236/sanus.v4i1.8569.
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Background and Aims. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is the parameters of women's health status in community. The single most common cause of maternal mortality is obstetric haemorrhage, generally occurring postpartum. Most postpartum haemorrhage cases are caused by uterus atony, myometrium tonus loss, placenta retention, and clotting disorders. Short pregnancy intervals can cause threefolds of anaemia than normal pregnancy intervals. Pregnant women who suffer from anaemia has the possibility experiencing a postpartum bleeding caused by atonia uteri. This research aims to acknowledge the effect of narrow distance interpregnancy on a postpartum haemorrhage. Methods. This study uses an observational analytic study with a cross"‘sectional design. The data used is secondary data of pregnant women based on medical record to calculate the distance of interpregnancy with the incidence of postpartum bleeding during childbirth at Budhi Asih General Hospital of East Jakarta. The inclusion criteria are women who underwent childbirth during 2017"‘2018, multiparity, and postpartum women between 20"‘35 years old. The exclusion criteria are women with a history of postpartum haemorrhages caused by placental retention, tear of the reproductive tract or blood coagulation), gemelli parturition, macrosomia, assisted childbirth, grande multiparity, induction childbirth, and dystocia. Results. The number of samples used in this study amounted to 111 people. Postpartum haemorrhage are significantly associated with short interpregnancy intervals (p=0,000). Conclusion. Narrower pregnancy interval will leads to postpartum haemorrhage. To prevent this, it is important to consider contraception utilization, to improve iron consumption for pregnant women, and to provide decent antenatal care.
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Nadhira Farah Puspitasaria and Irmiya Rachmiyani. "Narrow distance inter-pregnancies increase the incidence of Post-Partum hemorrhage." Sanus Medical Journal 3, no. 1 (2022): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22236/sanus.v3i1.8569.
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Background and Aims. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is the parameters of women's health status in community. The single most common cause of maternal mortality is obstetric haemorrhage, generally occurring postpartum. Most postpartum haemorrhage cases are caused by uterus atony, myometrium tonus loss, placenta retention, and clotting disorders. Short pregnancy intervals can cause threefolds of anaemia than normal pregnancy intervals. Pregnant women who suffer from anaemia has the possibility experiencing a postpartum bleeding caused by atonia uteri. This research aims to acknowledge the effect of narrow distance interpregnancy on a postpartum haemorrhage.
 Methods. This study uses an observational analytic study with a cross"‘sectional design. The data used is secondary data of pregnant women based on medical record to calculate the distance of interpregnancy with the incidence of postpartum bleeding during childbirth at Budhi Asih General Hospital of East Jakarta. The inclusion criteria are women who underwent childbirth during 2017"‘2018, multiparity, and postpartum women between 20"‘35 years old. The exclusion criteria are women with a history of postpartum haemorrhages caused by placental retention, tear of the reproductive tract or blood coagulation), gemelli parturition, macrosomia, assisted childbirth, grande multiparity, induction childbirth, and dystocia.
 Results. The number of samples used in this study amounted to 111 people. Postpartum haemorrhage are significantly associated with short interpregnancy intervals (p=0,000).
 Conclusion. Narrower pregnancy interval will leads to postpartum haemorrhage. To prevent this, it is important to consider contraception utilization, to improve iron consumption for pregnant women, and to provide decent antenatal care.
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Nava-Trujillo, Héctor, Adriana Morgado-Osorio, and Armando Quintero-Moreno. "Relationship between the postpartum moment of pregnancy and productivity in water buffalo cows. Preliminary results." Revista Científica de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias 33, Suplemento (2023): 241–42. https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-wbc095.
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One of the most important facts in the livestock industry is the need to increase reproductive performance to improve profitability. In the case of water buffalo cows, a calving-to-con-ception interval maximum of 90 days is recommended; however, achieving this reproductive target could be challenging. This study evaluated how the moment water buffalo cows get pregnant (before or after 90 days postpartum) affects the lactation length, total milk yield, calving interval, milk yield per day of the calving interval, and dry period. In this study, day 90 is considered the maximum postpartum moment in which the buffaloes must become pregnant to reach a calving interval near 400 days, regarded as the maximum calving interval without a negative economic impact on farm profitability. This retrospective cohort study analyzed 3060 observations from 1459 water buffalo cows from three farms in a similar agroecological environment (Catatumbo and Jesus Maria Semprun counties, Zulia State, Venezuela). A linear mixed model of the mean of parity, lactation length, total milk yield, calving interval, milk yield per day of calving interval, milk yield per year, dry period, and calving interval was built with the postpartum moment of pregnancy (before or after 90 days) as a fixed effect. All analyses were performed in Stata 15.1, and comparisons were adjusted by Sidak’s method. Water buffalo cows getting pregnant after 90 days postpartum had lower parity (1.85 vs. 2.25, p<0.05), a more extended lactation period (321.77 days vs. 254.01 days, p<0.05), a total milk yield of 18.09% higher (1452.91 kg vs. 1230.31 kg, p<0.05) and the calving interval was 149.43 days longer than those getting pregnant in the first 90 days post-partum (512.93 vs. 363 days, p<0.05). Both the milk yield per day of calving interval and the milk yield per year were higher in water buffaloes getting pregnant during the first 90 days postpartum (3.39 kg and 1237.5 kg vs. 2.9 kg and 1072.11 kg, respectively, p<0.05) and the dry period was shorter (108.98 vs. 191.16 days, p<0.05). In conclusion, water buffalo cows getting pregnant in the first 90 days postpartum had more milk yield per day of calving interval, more milk per year, and fewer non-productive days than those getting pregnant after 90 days postpartum. Adopt measurements to increase the reproductive performance of water buffalo cows and, in consequence, to maximize profitability must be a rule and not an exception.
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Sundar, V., Amritha Aravind, C. Jayakumar, E. D. Benjamin, and Elizabeth Kurian. "Management of postpartum anoestrus in Vechur cows by hormonal methods." Journal of Veterinary and animal sciences 55, no. 3 (2024): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2024.55.3.547-551.
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The study aimed to evaluate suitable hormonal treatment regimen for inducing oestrus in postpartum anoestrus Vechur cows and its reproductive outcome. The efficiency of Ovsynch and Ovsynch + progesterone protocols in 12 anoestrus cows was studied. Six anoestrus cows were kept as untreated control and they were observed for a period of 180 days postpartum. Both treatment protocols resulted in a complete oestrus induction response of 100 per cent. The interval from treatment to induced oestrus was significantly lower in the Ovsynch group (50.10 ± 1.44 h) than in the Ovsynch + progesterone (54.40 ± 0.48 h) group. In comparison to the control group, treatment group animals displayed a high intensity score for oestrus. The duration of oestrus in the Ovsynch group (26.41 ± 0.53 h) was significantly longer than the control (24.45 ± 0.46 h) group and the Ovsynch + progesterone group (24.13 ± 0.42 h). The overall conception rate for three consecutive AI in Ovsynch, Ovsynch + progesterone and control group were 66.67, 83.33 and 33.33 per cent, respectively. The calving to conception intervals were significantly (p<0.001) shorter in Ovsynch (118.33 ± 9.71 d) and Ovsynch + progesterone (106.67 ± 8.12 d) groups than the control (191.5 ± 5.36 d). It is concluded that hormonal treatment is effective in inducing postpartum oestrus and reducing the calving to conception interval in Vechur cows. Keywords: Ovsynch, postpartum anoestrus, progesterone, Vechur
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Pradhan, Noora, Anjana Dongol, Rashmi Bastakoti, Shailendra Bir Karmacharya, and Om Hari Shrestha. "Use of Postpartum Family Planning among Women Undergoing Deliveries in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 59, no. 243 (2021): 1086–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.7043.
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Introduction: The postpartum period is a high-risk time for unintended pregnancies. A short inter-pregnancy interval leads to a series of complications for both the mother and the fetus. Postpartum contraceptive knowledge helps women decide the time frame for future pregnancy and prepare. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of postpartum family planning among women undergoing deliveries in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from hospital records of all postpartum women delivering in a tertiary care hospital from Jan 2017 to Jan 2019. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences/Dhulikhel Hospital (reference number: 62/19). Convenience sampling was done. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package of the Social Sciences version 26. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 4205 deliveries, 1211 (28.7%) (27.33-30.06 at 95% Confidence Interval) women utilized postpartum family planning. Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate was adopted by a majority of the participants 802 (19.1%). Conclusions: The use of postpartum contraception in this study was similar to the findings from studies done in national data and studies.
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Liu, Can, Alexander Butwick, Anna Sand, Anna-Karin Wikström, Jonathan M. Snowden, and Olof Stephansson. "The association between postpartum hemorrhage and postpartum depression: A Swedish national register-based study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0255938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255938.
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Background Postpartum hemorrhage is an important cause of maternal death and morbidity. However, it is unclear whether women who experience postpartum hemorrhage are at an increased risk of postpartum depression. Objectives To examine whether postpartum hemorrhage is associated with postpartum depression. Methods We conducted a national register-based cohort study of 486,476 Swedish-born women who had a singleton livebirth between 2007 and 2014. We excluded women with pre-existing depression or who filled a prescription for an antidepressant before childbirth. We classified postpartum depression up to 12 months after giving birth by the presence of an International Classification of Diseases, version 10 (ICD-10) diagnosis code for depression or a filled outpatient prescription for an antidepressant. We used Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for maternal sociodemographic and obstetric factors. Results Postpartum depression was identified in 2.0% (630/31,663) of women with postpartum hemorrhage and 1.9% (8601/455,059) of women without postpartum hemorrhage. In our unadjusted analysis, postpartum hemorrhage was not associated with postpartum depression (unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97–1.15). After adjusting for maternal age, parity, education, cohabitation status, maternal smoking status, and early pregnancy maternal BMI, gestational age, and birthweight, the association did not appreciably change, with confidence intervals overlapping the null (adjusted HR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.99, 1.17). Conclusions Within a population-based cohort of singleton women in Sweden with no prior history of depression, postpartum hemorrhage was not associated with postpartum depression.
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Lenka, Krpalkova, Cabrera Victor E, Kvapilik Jindrich, and Burdych Jiri. "Associations of reproduction and health with the performance and profit of dairy cows." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 62, No. 8 (2016): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/176/2015-agricecon.
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The objective of the study was to evaluate the associations of the variable intensity in culling of dairy cows and culling due to the movement disorders, mammary gland diseases, long calving interval, low fertility and postpartum complications with production, reproduction and economic parameters on 60 commercial dairy herds. The data encompassed 34 632 cow records from the Czech Republic 12 regions and were collected during a 1-yr period (2012). The milk yield during the production period was analysed relative to the reproduction and economic parameters. The main reasons for culling cows were fertility problems and movement disorders, followed by the low milk yield, mammary gland diseases, and postpartum complications. The analysis of fertility showed that the herds with the longest calving intervals (≥ 410 d) and the highest culling due to fertility (≥ 25% of the total) achieved the lowest milk yields. The average difference between the highest and lowest calving interval (≤ 389 d) groups was 721 kg/cow per yr. The lowest reported profitability of costs was for the longest calving interval and the highest postpartum complications groups. Although the reproductive performance directly affects the dairy farm profitability, the dairy cows’ production potential should be considered when making culling decisions in order to achieve the most profitable management strategy.
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Rifdiani, Izfa. "The effect of parity, birth weight babies, pregnancy interval and a history of hemorrhage with the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (Case Study in the RSUD Ngudi Waluyo Wlingi Blitar on 2014)." Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi 4, no. 3 (2017): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v4i3.2016.396-407.
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Postpartum hemorrhage is one of the problems was the cause of maternal deaths in Indonesia. The maternal mortality rate is one indicator for the degree of health specially of a woman. Postpartum hemorrhage is bleeding or blood loss of 500 cc or more that occurred after the child is born. The research objective was to analyze the effect of parity, birth weight babies, pregnancy interval and a history of postpartum hemorrhage in the mother after giving birth to the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in Ngudi Waluyo Hospital Wlingi Blitar 2014. This study used a case-control design. The populations in this study are all mothers who gave birth in Ngudi Waluyo Hospital Wlingi Blitar 2014. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. The results were obtained no effect of parity on the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (OR=0,810, CI 95% 0,329<OR<1,995 , OR=0,895, CI 95% 0,260<OR<3,077), there was no effect of birth weight babies on the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (OR=0,651, CI 95% 0,104<OR<4,096), there was effect of pregnancy interval on the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (OR = 17.953, 95% CI 3.550 <OR <90.785) and there was effect of a history of bleeding on the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage postpartum (OR = 18.104, 95% CI 3.559 <OR <92.097). Health workers are expected to provide advice to the mother who gave birth to not be pregnant again during the next 2 years, and then advise the mother to join the family planning program in order to distance the pregnancy can be arranged. Examination of the precision of pregnant women visit each semester will make health care workers, pregnant women and families more aware of the possibility of postpartum hemorrhage after childbirth.Key words: parity, birth weight babies, pregnancy interval, a history of postpartum hemorrhage, the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage
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Rifdiani, Izfa. "The effect of parity, birth weight babies, pregnancy interval and a history of hemorrhage with the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (Case Study in the RSUD Ngudi Waluyo Wlingi Blitar on 2014)." Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi 4, no. 3 (2017): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v4i32016.396-407.
Full textAbstract:
Postpartum hemorrhage is one of the problems was the cause of maternal deaths in Indonesia. The maternal mortality rate is one indicator for the degree of health specially of a woman. Postpartum hemorrhage is bleeding or blood loss of 500 cc or more that occurred after the child is born. The research objective was to analyze the effect of parity, birth weight babies, pregnancy interval and a history of postpartum hemorrhage in the mother after giving birth to the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in Ngudi Waluyo Hospital Wlingi Blitar 2014. This study used a case-control design. The populations in this study are all mothers who gave birth in Ngudi Waluyo Hospital Wlingi Blitar 2014. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. The results were obtained no effect of parity on the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (OR=0,810, CI 95% 0,329<OR<1,995 , OR=0,895, CI 95% 0,260<OR<3,077), there was no effect of birth weight babies on the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (OR=0,651, CI 95% 0,104<OR<4,096), there was effect of pregnancy interval on the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (OR = 17.953, 95% CI 3.550 <OR <90.785) and there was effect of a history of bleeding on the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage postpartum (OR = 18.104, 95% CI 3.559 <OR <92.097). Health workers are expected to provide advice to the mother who gave birth to not be pregnant again during the next 2 years, and then advise the mother to join the family planning program in order to distance the pregnancy can be arranged. Examination of the precision of pregnant women visit each semester will make health care workers, pregnant women and families more aware of the possibility of postpartum hemorrhage after childbirth.Key words: parity, birth weight babies, pregnancy interval, a history of postpartum hemorrhage, the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage
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Chang, Ching-Fong, and Jerry J. Reeves. "Postpartum Interval in Beef Cows Shortened by Enclomiphene2." Journal of Animal Science 65, no. 1 (1987): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas1987.651217x.
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Perea-Ganchou, F., E. Soto-Belloso, R. Palomares-Naveda, et al. "19POSTPARTUM ANESTROUS TREATMENT WITH INTRA-VAGINAL PROGESTERONE DEVICE OR CALF REMOVAL FOR 120 HOURS IN SUCKLED CROSSBRED DUAL PURPOSE COWS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab19.
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Postpartum anestrus is the main reproductive problem that affects crossbred cattle production in Venezuela. (Soto et al., 2002 Theriogenology 57, 1503–1510; Soto et al., 2000 Revista Científica FCV-LUZ 10, 391–398). In order to reduce the postpartum anestrus and lower the calving to conception interval, 167 crossbred (Bos indicus×Bos taurus) anestrous cows between 90 and 130 days postpartum with body condition score 3 (scale 1–5) were randomly allotted to one the following treatments: 1) PH (n=59), intravaginal sponge (IS) impregnated with 250mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) during 7 days+50mg of MAP and 5mg of 17β-estradiol (17β-E) i.m. at the day of sponge insertion (Day 0), plus 500 IU of eCG i.m. at Day 5 and1.5mg of 17β-E i.m. at Day 8 (PREGNAHEAT-E, VIATECA, Villa del Rosario, Venezuela); 2) CR (n=57), 120-h temporary calf removal; and 3) CG (n=20), control group. Work was performed in a commercial farm located in a subhumid tropical forrest region. Estrus, first service conception and pregnancy rate were analyzed by chi-square analysis. The intervals to conception were analyzed using analysis of variance (GLM) and the means was compared by least square means method. To evaluate the treatment effect, the interval to conception of each pregnant cow during the first 100 days were considered for the analysis. This interval (days) was significantly (P≤0.05) higher in the PH treatment (155.9±7.3) compared to control (174.4±8.1) but no differences were shown between PH and CR (161.0±7.8). Other results are shown in Table 1. PH treatment improved the estrus and pregnancy rates and shorten the interval to conception indicating that this is a promising anestrous treatment for suckled crossbred dual purpose cows under tropical conditions. Table 1. Reproductive performance of postpartum anestrous suckled cows treated with intravaginal progesterone or temporary calf removal
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Pastorello, M., M. O. Gastal, G. K. Piquini, D. B. Godoi, and E. L. Gastal. "129 Ovarian dynamics and gonadotropins during selection of the dominant follicle in postpartum lactating versus non-postpartum cycling mares." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, no. 2 (2020): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv32n2ab129.
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The mare, compared to other livestock, has the shortest interval from partum to the first ovulation. In monovulatory species, the follicle deviation process in a wave is characterised by the continued growth of the dominant follicle (DF) and regression of the subordinate follicle. Although follicle diameter deviation, a key event of follicle selection, has been investigated during the oestrous and menstrual cycles, the occurrence of this phenomenon before the first postpartum ovulation seems to be unclear in all species. This study aimed to compare the follicular dynamics and gonadotropin profiles around the follicle diameter deviation day in postpartum lactating (PP Lactating; n=24) versus non-postpartum cycling (NPP Cycling; n=15) mares. On the day of parturition, every PP Lactating mare was paired with an NPP Cycling mare, and ovarian follicles (&gt;4mm) were tracked daily by transrectal ultrasonography, and blood samples were collected. Data were analysed in the PP Lactating group according to the length of the partum-ovulation interval (POI; ≤22 and &gt;22 days) and the postpartum interovulatory interval (PPIOI), and in the NPP Cycling group during two interovulatory intervals (1st and 2nd IOI). In addition, regardless of group, all four intervals were compared. We performed the FSH and LH assays using radioimmunoassay. Ovarian and hormonal parameters were analysed using ANOVA for sequential data. The day and diameter of the DF at the deviation (overall mean: 14.9±2.5 days; 21.7±0.4mm, respectively) were not different (P&gt;0.05) between PP Lactating and NPP Cycling mares. However, when considering the length of POI, follicle deviation occurred 4.4±0.8 days earlier (P&lt;0.001) in mares with POI ≤ 22 days than in mares with POI&gt;22 days. No difference was found between PP Lactating and NPP Cycling mares within and between groups for the intervals from deviation to maximum diameter of the DF (10.4±0.4 days), for the intervals from deviation to ovulation (12.1±0.5 days), or for the growth rates of the DF from deviation to maximum diameter (2.6±0.1mm per day). The growth rate of the DF from deviation to ovulation (2.4±0.1mm per day) did not differ between PP Lactating and NNP Cycling mares; however, this growth rate was lower (P&lt;0.03) in the POI, PPIOI, and 1st IOI compared with the 2nd IOI. The mean diameter of the DF around deviation (days −3 to 3; 22.5±0.3mm), and systemic FSH (days −4 to 4; 10.3±0.2ngmL−1) were not different between PP Lactating and NPP Cycling mares. Level of LH was lower (P&lt;0.0001) around deviation (days −4 to 4) in the PP Lactating (0.7±0.0ngmL−1) versus the NPP Cycling mares (1.8±0.1ngmL−1). Results demonstrated that a partum effect occurs only on the day of deviation in mares during the foal heat (POI ≤ 22 days) and that low levels of LH during both intervals in PP Lactating mares were not detrimental to prevent ovulation.
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Bover, A., J. Casellas та T. Mogas. "12 Effect of additional prostaglandin F2α during the Ovsynch protocol applied in different postpartum intervals in lactating dairy cows: Preliminary results". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, № 1 (2019): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv31n1ab12.
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Timed AI (TAI) programs have been developed to increase the service risk. However, when Ovsynch is used as a synchronization protocol, lack of regression of the corpus luteum after prostaglandin F2α (PGF) administration has been demonstrated, leading to reductions in fertility. In this way, a second PGF administration might increase the frequency of achieving complete luteolysis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an additional treatment with PGF on fertility when an Ovsynch synchronization protocol was applied at different postpartum intervals. Multiparous high-production dairy cows (n=471) of a commercial farm were stratified by postpartum intervals [&lt;120 (n=136), 120-150 (n=131), 150-180 (n=92), 180-210 (n=52), and &gt;210 days (n=60)] and randomly allocated to receive either the Ovsynch (n=108) or Ovsynch with second PGF protocol (n=243). Cows inseminated 12h after observed heat detection (AI) served as a control (n=120). The Ovsynch protocol consisted of an injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (100 µg; Fertagyl®, Intervet, Millsboro, MD, USA) on Day 0, an injection of PGF (0.5 mg; Estrumate®, Schering-Plough Animal Health, Montréal, QC, Canada) on Day 7, another injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (100µg) on Day 9, and timed insemination on Day 10. The Ovsynch with second PGF protocol consisted of the same hormone injection schedule as the Ovsynch protocol, but a second injection of PGF (0.5 mg; Estrumate®) was administered 24h after the first PGF. Data were analysed using the chi-square test. The level of significance was taken as P&lt;0.05. When data were pooled at 120 to 150 days of postpartum interval, pregnancy rate was higher, but not significantly different (P&gt;0.05), for cows that received the Ovsynch (37.5%, n=32) or Ovsynch with second PGF protocol (33.8%, n=77) compared to nonsynchronized cows (22.8%, n=22). After 180 days of postpartum interval, Ovsynch with second PGF protocol triggered pregnancy rates similar to those of nonsynchronized cows (33.3%, n=21 and 28.6%, n=14), whereas the Ovsynch protocol resulted in lower percentages (11.8%, n=17; P&gt;0.05). Similar pregnancy rates (P&gt;0.05) were observed when TAI protocols were administered before 120 days (26.5 and 30.2% for Ovsynch and Ovsynch with second PGF, respectively) or between 150 and 180 postpartum days (31.8 and 33.9% for Ovsynch and Ovsynch with second PGF, respectively) compared with AI cows (25.7 and 28.8% for &lt;120 days and between 150 and 180 postpartum days, respectively). These preliminary results showed a tendency of a better pregnancy rate when both TAI synchronization protocols were applied between 120 and 150 postpartum days when compared with AI. Also, the application of a second dose of PGF seems recommendable when the Ovsynch protocol is used to synchronize cows of &gt;180 postpartum days. Ongoing research will allow an increase in the number of the samples in each postpartum interval in order to confirm these results.
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Adofo, Emmanuel, Elvis J. Dun-Dery, Agnes M. Kotoh, Frederick Dun-Dery, James Atampiiga Avoka, and Mary Eyram Ashinyo. "Fear of infertility limits contraceptive usage among first-time mothers in Ghana: A cross-sectional study." SAGE Open Medicine 9 (January 2021): 205031212110212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211021256.
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Objectives: This study aimed to determine postpartum modern contraceptive use among first-time young mothers attending child welfare clinics in the Eastern Region of Ghana and explore factors that influence family planning uptake after the first delivery, including fear of infertility. Methods: This facility-based, cross-sectional study used interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. The study recruited 422 first-time young mothers aged 15–24 years, with 6- to 18-month-old babies attending child welfare clinics. Results: Overall, less than half (44%) of first-time mothers used modern contraceptives within 18 months after delivery. Fear of infertility after contraceptive use (56%) is the main barrier reported as the reason for women’s non-use of modern contraceptives. Mothers with tertiary education have higher odds of using postpartum contraceptives (adjusted odds ratio =1.6, 95% confidence interval: 0.4–2.0). Compared to mothers with younger children, those with children older than 6 months have higher odds of postpartum contraceptive use (adjusted odds ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.3–1.7). Nonspousal communication (adjusted odds ratio = 0.1, 95% confidence interval: 0.1–0.3) as compared to communication among partners about contraception and those in formal employment (adjusted odds ratio = 0.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.1–0.7), were less likely to use postpartum contraceptives. Conclusion: Considering that there is low postpartum contraceptive utilization, mostly due to concerns about fear of infertility after use, it is paramount to intensify education on actual side effects and reformulate policies that address specific concerns of infertility among mothers and contraceptive use.
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Berkley, Holly H., Monica A. Lutgendorf, Gennifer Kully, et al. "Pain With Early Postpartum Intrauterine Device Placement." O&G Open 2, no. 3 (2025): e088. https://doi.org/10.1097/og9.0000000000000088.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare pain between early and interval postpartum intrauterine device (IUD) placement. METHODS: This is a planned secondary outcome analysis of a randomized trial among 404 participants randomized to early (14–28 days) or interval (42–56 days) postpartum IUD placement. Participants reported pain using a 100-mm visual analog scale at three times during IUD placement (bimanual examination, speculum placement, and IUD placement). We estimated that 112 participants would be required to achieve 80% power with an α of 5% to detect a 15-mm difference in pain with IUD placement. We used linear mixed models adjusting for demographic differences to compare mean pain scores between groups and per-protocol sensitivity analyses to account for crossover. RESULTS: We enrolled 404 participants between March 2018 and July 2021; 325 received IUDs and were included in the analysis of pain with placement. Mean pain scores reported were not different between the early and interval groups: bimanual (9.2 mm vs 6.95 mm, mean difference 2.25 mm [95% CI, −2.68 to7.17], P=.37, respectively); speculum (16.95 mm vs 15.86 mm, mean difference 1.09 mm [95% CI, −3.38 to 6.0], P=.66); and IUD placement (18.43 mm vs 20.9 mm, mean difference −2.47 mm [95% CI, −7.39 to 2.44], P=.32). In the per-protocol analysis, pain scores were not meaningfully different from those in the primary intention-to-treat analysis. CONCLUSION: Pain reported is not different among people who are postpartum having early and interval IUD placement. Understanding the experience of pain with early and interval placement may help clinicians support patients in making informed choices about the timing of IUD placement. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03462758.
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Rhodes, FM, BA Clark, SR Morgan, and GA Verkerk. "Factors influencing interval to first postpartum ovulation in pasture-fed dairy cows during their first lactation." BSAP Occasional Publication 26, no. 2 (2001): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00033875.
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AbstractTwo year old cows were managed at pasture to calve in High (n = 10) or Low (n = 11) body condition score (BCS). Following calving all cows were managed as a single herd and offered a generous pasture allowance. Time of first ovulation was determined using weekly transrectal ultrasonography and measurement of milk progesterone concentrations thrice weekly. Liveweight (LW) change after calving, dry matter intake, milk yield and composition were determined at 20 and 40 days postpartum and energy balance calculated Pulsatile release of luteinising hormone (LH), concentrations of glucose, insulin, β-hydroxy butyrate (BHB) and non-esterified fatty acids were measured at 11, 25 and 46 days postpartum. Cows in the High group were in significantly greater positive energy balance, had lost more LW at 20 days postpartum than cows in the Low group, but did not differ in postpartum interval (PPI). There were significant correlations between PPI and BCS at calving and with concentrations of LH, glucose and BHB measured 11 days postpartum, but not with energy balance or change in LW after calving.
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Booth, Edward J., Panagiota Kitsantas, Hua Min, and Anna Z. Pollack. "Stressful life events and postpartum depressive symptoms among women with disabilities." Women's Health 17 (January 2021): 174550652110661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17455065211066186.
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Purpose: Although research evidence indicates positive associations between stressful life events and postpartum depression, limited research assessed these associations in women with disabilities. This study examined the effects of stressful life events on postpartum depressive symptoms in women with disabilities. Methods: Data from the 2012–2017 Massachusetts Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System ( n = 8453) were used in this study. Women were asked if they experienced any life stressors (e.g. financial, traumatic, relational, and emotional) during the 12 months prior to giving birth. Disability was measured based on reports of emotional and physical functioning. Descriptive statistics, bivariate, and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the effect of stressful life events on postpartum depressive symptoms among women with and without disabilities. Results: Findings show that 37.4% of women with disabilities had postpartum depressive symptoms, which was significantly higher than 8.79% of women without disabilities. Stressful life events were reported in 86.6% of women with disabilities, compared to 66.6% for women without disabilities. Prevalence of three or more stressful life events and postpartum depressive symptoms was greater among women with disabilities (50.8% and 62.9%, respectively) than women without disabilities (22.6% and 37.0%, respectively). Women with disabilities experiencing six or more stressful life events were more likely (odds ratio = 3.78, 95% confidence interval = [1.57–9.10]) to report postpartum depressive symptoms, compared to those with no stressful life events. Women with disabilities who experienced relational (odds ratio = 2.36, 95% confidence interval = [1.44–3.87]) and traumatic (odds ratio = 1.75, 95% confidence interval = [1.02–3.00]) life stressors had higher odds for postpartum depressive symptoms relative to those reporting no such life stressors. Conclusion: Women with disabilities are at an amplified risk for stressful life events and postpartum depressive symptoms. Relational and traumatic stressful life events particularly increase the odds for postpartum depressive symptoms among this group of mothers. Early prenatal and postnatal screening for life stressors and depressive symptoms, coupled with timely referral for appropriate prenatal and postnatal care, are vital to mitigate the harmful effects of depression among mothers with disabilities and the health of their children.
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Hopkinson, Judy M., Richard J. Schanler, and Cutberto Garza. "Milk Production by Mothers of Premature Infants." Pediatrics 81, no. 6 (1988): 815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.81.6.815.
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Milk volume, day of initiation of pumping, duration and frequency of milk expression, and length of night rest interval were evaluated for the first month postpartum in 32 healthy, nonsmoking women (ages 20 to 38 years) who delivered at 28 to 30 weeks' gestation. Early milk volumes were related negatively to the delay between delivery and the initiation of milk expression (r = -.48, P &lt; .02). Average milk volumes at 2 weeks and 4 weeks postpartum were 493 ± 330 and 606 ± 369 mL/d (mean ± SD), respectively, and were not related to the absolute frequency or duration of pumping or to night rest interval. Volume changes between weeks 2 and 4 postpartum were correlated with the absolute frequency (r = .49, P &lt; .01) and duration of pump use (r = .42, P &lt; .05) during this interval and with changes in frequency (r = 0.56, P &lt; .002) or duration (r = 0.49, P &lt; .05) between the first 2 and the second 2 weeks postpartum. Optimal milk production was associated with five or more milk expressions per day and pumping durations that exceeded 100 min/d.
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Mathew, Bexy, K. Promod, Leeba Chacko, C. P. Abdul Azeez, K. Lekshmi Bhai, and Vishnu Savanth. "Association of certain serum metabolic markers and macro-minerals on resumption of ovarian activity in postpartum crossbred dairy cows." Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 56, no. 1 (2025): 103–9. https://doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2025.56.1.103-109.
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The study was conducted to identify the factors influencing resumption of cyclicity in postpartum crossbred dairy cows. Crossbred dairy cows (n40) were selected for study and the basic details on age, parity, body condition score (BCS), peripartum complications and milk production were recorded. During the study period of 45 to 90 days postpartum, clinico-gynaecological examination of animals were conducted at 15 days interval to record ovarian and uterine changes. Serum progesterone levels were estimated at 15 days interval starting from day 45 postpartum and the animals with progesterone concentration of 1 ngmL were considered as resumed ovarian activity. Serum macrominerals and metabolites including Ca, P, Mg, total protein (TP) and cholesterol levels were estimated during various postpartum periods and its influence on resumption of cyclicity in crossbred dairy cows were analysed. The BCS and serum Ca concentration of cows which resumed ovarian cyclicity were significantly (p
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Nchimbi, Dorice B., and Angelina A. Joho. "Puerperal sepsis-related knowledge and reported self-care practices among postpartum women in Dar es salaam, Tanzania." Women's Health 18 (January 2022): 174550572210829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17455057221082954.
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Background: Knowledge and reported self-care practices of postpartum women are important for early detection, prevention and treatment of puerperal sepsis. Objectives: This study analyzes the knowledge and self-care practices for prevention of puerperal sepsis and their determinants among postpartum women. Methods: A hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study which included 343 postpartum women was conducted from February to March 2021. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Predictors of knowledge and self-care reported practice were determined using binary logistic regression. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: More than half ( n = 213, 62.1%) of the postpartum women had adequate knowledge on prevention of puerperal sepsis. Only 39 (11.4%) of the women reported adequate self-care practices toward prevention of puerperal sepsis. Secondary education (adjusted odds ratio = 0.18, 95% confidence interval = 0.06–0.49, p = 0.001), tertiary education (adjusted odds ratio = 0.52, 95% confidence interval = 0.19–1.38, p = 0.021) and getting information from healthcare providers (adjusted odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval = 0.55–2.06, p = 0.049) were significant determinants of knowledge on prevention of puerperal sepsis. Also, secondary education (adjusted odds ratio = 0.11, 95% confidence interval = 0.04–0.30, p = 0.001), tertiary education (adjusted odds ratio = 0.16, 95% confidence interval = 0.06–0.39, p = 0.001), and having more than four antenatal care visits (adjusted odds ratio = 1.21, 95% confidence interval = 0.49–3.27, p = 0.041) were significant determinants of reported self-care practices for prevention of puerperal sepsis. Conclusion: A significant gap in reported self-care practices to prevent puerperal sepsis was evidence. Secondary and tertiary education were significant predictors for both knowledge and self-care reported practices. Special attention should be given to women with low education level.
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Naikoo, Mehrajuddin, Arjun J. Dhami, and Bhupendra C. Parmar. "Effect of Rumen Mega Mineral Bolus Insertion at Calving on Blood Biochemical and Minerals Profile and Postpartum Fertility in Kankrej Cows." INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 16, no. 01 (2020): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.21887/ijvsbt.16.1.1.
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A study was conducted on 12 pluriparous parturient Kankrej cows of the University Farm, in Anand, randomly divided into two equal groups (n = 6 each). Group-I cows were administered on the day of calving with a sustained release 80 g mega mineral rumen bolus (Prepavel® 1 bolus/animal, Neolait, France) intra-ruminal through a specially designed applicator, while group-II animals served as untreated control. The animals were monitored periodically from the day of calving till 140 days postpartum along with other herd mates. Blood samples were obtained at 10 days interval in heparinized vacutainers for plasma progesterone, biochemical, and macro-micro mineral profiling. Among the six Kankrej cows of group-I, only one animal exhibited prominent estrus signs on day 96 postpartum and conceived at first service (AI) giving CR of 16.66%, while in group-II three cows exhibited estrus between day 73 and 86 postpartum, and conceived with one or two AI giving CR of 50% by 150 days postpartum. In both the groups, all other cows remained subestrus for more than 150 days postpartum and conceived very late, though mostly with single service at spontaneous estrus. The mean values of plasma progesterone (0.74 ± 0.32 to 5.57 ± 0.78 ng/mL), total cholesterol (103.88 ± 3.20 to 237.17 ± 24.66 mg/dL) and triglycerides (17.07 ± 1.16 to 28.29 ± 1.75 mg/dL) differed significantly (p less than 0.01) between postpartum intervals in both the groups, but not between groups at any of the intervals. The values of plasma total protein, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and magnesium as well as trace elements, viz., zinc, iron, copper, cobalt, and manganese, however varied insignificantly and inconsistently between intervals and also between groups from day 0 to day 140 postpartum. Thus, the insertion of Mega mineral ruminal bolus on the day of calving did not influence the plasma profile of biochemical/ metabolic constituents and macro-micro minerals profile in lactating postpartum Kankrej cows and was not beneficial in improving postpartum fertility. However, further study on a larger sample size is required to draw a valid conclusion.
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Gunst, Annika, Elin Sjöström, My Sundén, and Jan Antfolk. "The Mother–Offspring Conflict: The Association Between Maternal Sleep, Postpartum Depression, and Interbirth Interval Length." Evolutionary Psychology 19, no. 4 (2021): 147470492110461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14747049211046162.
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To test the hypothesis that infant night waking is an adaptation to increase interbirth intervals (IBIs) (i.e., the time between a mother’s consecutive births) by exhausting the mother, we made an initial attempt at investigating whether maternal sleep disturbance is associated with longer IBIs. We also explored whether postpartum depression symptoms mediated the association between maternal sleep disturbance and IBI length. We used retrospective self-reports from 729 mothers living in Finland. We conducted structural regressions separately for the mother’s two first children at two different age intervals (0–1 and 1–3 years). Infant night waking was associated with maternal sleep disturbance (β = .78–.84) and maternal sleep disturbance was associated with postpartum depression symptoms (β = .69–.81). Postpartum depression symptoms were also associated with longer IBIs for the first child (β = .23–.28). This result supports the notion that postpartum depression in and of itself could be viewed as adaptive for the offspring’s fitness, and not just as an unintentional byproduct of the mother’s sleep disturbance. Contrary to our prediction, maternal sleep disturbance was, however, associated with shorter IBIs for the first child (β = −.22 to −.30) when including postpartum depression symptoms in the model. We discuss the potential role of social support as an explanation for this unexpected result.
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Rich-Edwards, J. W., A. P. Mohllajee, K. Kleinman, et al. "Elevated Midpregnancy Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Is Associated with Prenatal, But Not Postpartum, Maternal Depression." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 93, no. 5 (2008): 1946–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-2535.
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Abstract Context: Elevated hypothalamic CRH has been implicated in melancholic major depression in nonpregnant individuals, but the role of placental CRH in maternal prenatal and postpartum depression is largely unexplored. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the association of maternal midpregnancy plasma CRH levels with prenatal and postpartum depression. Participants: The study included 800 participants in Project Viva, a pregnancy and childhood cohort. Methods: CRH levels were analyzed from blood samples obtained at mean 27.9 wk gestation (± 1.3 sd; range 24.6–37.4 wk) and were normalized on the logarithmic scale. Depression was assessed with the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (range 0–30 points) in midpregnancy and at 6 months postpartum. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds of scoring 13 or more points on the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale as indicative of major or minor depression. Results: Seventy (8.8%) and 46 (7.5%) women had prenatal and postpartum depression symptoms, respectively. Mean log CRH was 4.93 (± 0.62 sd). After adjusting for confounders, an sd increase in log CRH was associated with nearly 50% higher odds of prenatal depression symptoms (odds ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval 1.14–1.93). Higher CRH levels during pregnancy were unassociated with greater risk of postpartum depressive symptoms. In fact, there was a suggestion that prenatal CRH levels might be inversely associated with risk of postpartum depressive symptoms (odds ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.58–1.15). Conclusions: Elevated placental CRH levels in midpregnancy are positively associated with risk of prenatal depression symptoms but not postpartum depression symptoms.
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Wideman, Lauren N., Samantha Ehrlich, Bethany Rand, Megan Lacy Young, Jill M. Maples, and Nikki Zite. "Maternal Contraception Education Increases the Use of Highly Effective Contraceptive Methods Postpartum [ID 2683527]." Obstetrics & Gynecology 143, no. 5S (2024): 11S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0001012988.41261.9d.
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INTRODUCTION: Postpartum contraception planning is important for preventing short-interval pregnancies especially in populations at increased risk for adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, such as those with gestational diabetes. This study evaluated the effect of antenatal contraception education on postpartum contraception plans and actual postpartum contraceptive use in patients with pregnancy hyperglycemia. METHODS: This pilot two-arm randomized controlled trial (Project Wellness, NCT04209348) assigned patients to receive contraception education (intervention, n=10) or standard-of-care (control, n=9). Postpartum contraceptive plans were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Contraceptive effectiveness was assessed pre- and post-intervention and 3 months postpartum. The primary outcome was a change in contraceptive plan from pre to post intervention (yes/no). The secondary outcome was contraceptive effectiveness; categorized as: 1) none, 2) least effective, 3) moderately effective, and 4) most effective methods. Fisher's exact test compared differences in contraceptive plans between groups and Mann–Whitney U test compared contraceptive effectiveness. RESULTS: Among participants in the contraception education group, 90% (n=9) changed their postpartum contraceptive plan after intervention, compared to 33.3% (n=3) in the control group (P=.02). Contraceptive effectiveness was significantly higher in the contraception education group immediately post-intervention (P=.045) and at 3 months postpartum (P=.030), compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Structured education and planning for postpartum contraception may increase use of highly effective contraceptive methods in the early postpartum period to optimize family planning goals and decrease short interval births. Further research should evaluate satisfaction with contraception education and planning, and longer-term contraceptive use.
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Larson, C. L., H. L. Miller, and T. B. Goehring. "Effect of postpartum bull exposure on calving interval of first-calf heifers bred by natural service." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 74, no. 1 (1994): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas94-023.
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Ninety-four first calf heifers were utilized to evaluate the effect of bull exposure on the calving interval. Heifers were alternately assigned after calving to a pasture containing epididymectomized bulls for 60 d or were not exposed. Thirty-five days prior to the breeding season the bulls were removed and the two groups co-mingled. Bull-exposed heifers had a 9-d increase in calving interval and a 7-d delay in average calving date compared to unexposed heifers (P < 0.05). Bull exposure early postpartum did not shorten the calving interval of heifers in condition score of 5 or better at calving and bred by natural service under the conditions of this study. Key words: Bull exposure, first-calf heifers, reproduction, calving interval, postpartum
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Hammoud, Nadine, Emily K. Marko, Michael J. Sheridan, and Kelsey Nieves. "Objective Measures of Interval Postpartum Hemorrhage Simulation Training [29B]." Obstetrics & Gynecology 127 (May 2016): 26S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000483348.40723.9a.
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Gao, Baorong, and Li Zhang. "IUD Expulsion Rates After Early Postpartum vs Interval Placement." JAMA 330, no. 3 (2023): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.8885.
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Gupta, Neena, Divya Diwedi, Neha Sharma, and Uruj Jahan. "Depot-medroxy progesterone acetate as contraceptive: study at tertiary care centre." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 5 (2022): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20221282.
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Background: The aim was to study the acceptability, efficacy and side effects of Depot-medroxy progesterone acetate (DMPA) as contraceptive in postpartum, interval and postabortal period.Methods: The present study was a prospective longitudinal study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, GSVM medical college, Kanpur. Total 300 patients were counselled out of which 141 enrolled in the study during a period of January 2019 to September 2020. All reproductive age group (18-45) women who were willing to use DMPA for contraception in postpartum period, postabortal period or in interval period and also ready for follow up were included in the study. At the time of 1st dose DMPA card issued to patient where her particulars, weight, blood pressure, menstrual complaints were recorded. Date of next visit was also mentioned.Results: Despite of benefits and proper counselling, less number of patients (47%) opted for DMPA as contraception. Acceptance (55%) and continuation rate for further doses (36.3% for 4th dose) was maximum in the postpartum period among the three groups taken in our study (postpartum, interval and postabortal). Menstrual changes were the most common reasons for discontinuation (39.7%) in all three groups. Other minor side effects may include change in weight and mood swings.Conclusions: When patients were counselled immediately after delivery, many of them gave positive note, but actual time of application is after 6 weeks postpartum where less number of patients turned up for DMPA. There is a need to create awareness regarding the harmless side effects.
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Balamurugan, B., S. Mehrotra, V. P. Maurya, G. Singh, and M. C. Pathak. "Effect of High Energy Diet Supplementation during Periparturient Period on Ovarian Steroids and Reproductive Performance in Vrindavani Cows." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 8 (2024): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i84001.
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The objective of the study was to assess the effect of high energy diet supplementation during periparturient period on ovarian steroids and reproductive performance in vrindavani cows. Postpartum vrindavani cows (n= 20) of second to fourth parity with lactation yield of > 10 L/day were divided in to two groups (n=10 cow/group). Group I (CON) cows were fed with basal diet to serve as control. Group II (TRT) cows were provided with 20% extra concentrates in the form of energy. 20% additional concentrate diet was supplemented from second week to eight week after calving. Blood samples were collected at weekly interval from 4 week before calving to8weeks after calving. Blood samples were collected to determine estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in the serum using RIA. Postpartum reproductive performance was assessed in terms occurrence of first postpartum estrus, calving to conception interval, conception rate and number of service per conception. Serum estradiol and progesterone concentration increased significantly(P<0.05) from 2 to 8 week postpartum in Group II as compared to Group I. Marked significant(P<0.05)improvement in the postpartum reproductive performance in terms of early occurrence of first postpartum estrus(67.0Vs 53.0), reduced calving to conception interval(85.87 Vs74.4), service per conception (1.62 Vs 1.2), days from calving to first AI(88.5 Vs 65.73), higher first AI conception rate(40 Vs 80%) and cumulative conception rate(88.52 Vs 65.73%) in group II as compared to group I. In conclusion, additional high energy diet supplemented group showed significant increased ovarian steroid hormonal concentrations and marked improvement in the reproductive performance in Vrindavani cows.
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Rana, Anchal, and Madhumeet Singh. "Association Between Bacterial Count and Polymorphonuclear Cells in Uterine Lavage of Postpartum Subclinical Endometritic Cows." Indian Journal of Animal Reproduction 43, no. 2 (2023): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijar.2022.43.2.5.
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This study was conducted to find out the total bacterial count and percentage of polymorphoneutrophils (PMN) cells in uterine lavage samples obtained at a weekly interval from postpartum dairy cows and also to find out the correlation between total bacterial count and PMN cells recovered from the uterus of postpartum dairy cows. Twenty-one postpartum dairy cows were divided into two groups viz. group A (without postpartum complication; n=16) and group B (retained placenta/postpartum metritis; n=5) calving. Cows belonging to the group B were administered antibiotics for 5 days after parturition. Samples for endometrial cytology and total bacterial count were collected aseptically by uterine lavage method at weekly intervals from day 21 to 42 postpartum. Data were statistically analysed by using one-way ANOVA, correlation using Statistical Analysis Software, SAS® 9.2 TS Level version 2M2 for Windows (USA). Based on endometrial cytology, the incidence of sub-clinical endometritis (SCE) recorded was 18.75% in group A and 100% in cows with postpartum complications (Group B). Total bacterial count in the group A animals differed significantly (P<0.05) with the group-B animals. However, the difference between the total bacterial counts in group-A animals and diagnosed negative or positive for SCE did not differ significantly. A highly significant (P<0.05 and P<0.01) correlation was found between bacterial load and PMN cells obtained by uterine lavage technique.