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Journal articles on the topic 'Postpartum ultrasound'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Mulic-Lutvica, Ajlana. "Postpartum Ultrasound." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 1 (2012): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1228.

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ABSTRACT This article describes uterine and uterine cavity changes throughout the normal and pathological puerperium, as revealed by various ultrasound modalities. A gray scale ultrasound, color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound and 3D ultrasound were used. It is based on results of several prospective longitudinal studies, which were designed so that every woman was examined at six occasions during the puerperium, namely on postpartum days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56. The first four examinations were performed transabdominally and the last two transvaginally. The same design was used in all studies. The involution process of the uterus was assessed by measuring the anteroposterior diameter of the uterus and uterine cavity. Morphological findings were recorded. The influence on the involution process of parity, breastfeeding, maternal smoking and infant's birth weight were also evaluated. Besides conventional ultrasound, Doppler technology was used to study hemodynamic events occurring during the normal puerperium. The pulsatility (PI) and resistance (RI) indices in the uterine arteries were measured, and the presence or absence of early diastolic notches was recorded. A hypervascular area in myometrium was assessed by color and power Doppler. Normal involution process was also described by means of 3D ultrasound. The volume of the uterus and uterine cavity after normal vaginal delivery were measured using virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) using six adjacent planes and a 30° rotation method. Reference values from uncomplicated puerperium were used when pathological conditions were studied. Results from these studies, which shed light on normal and pathological changes during the puerperium, are summarized in this chapter. How to cite this article Mulic-Lutvica A. Postpartum Ultrasound. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012; 6(1):76-92.

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Paliulyte, Virginija, Grazina Stanislava Drasutiene, and Diana Ramasauskaite. "Postpartum ultrasound." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 234 (March 2019): e133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.08.451.

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3

Oba, Tomohiro, Junichi Hasegawa, and Akihiko Sekizawa. "Postpartum ultrasound: postpartum assessment using ultrasonography." Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 30, no. 14 (August 30, 2016): 1726–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2016.1223034.

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4

Üçyiğit, Aslı, and Jemma Johns. "The postpartum ultrasound scan." Ultrasound 24, no. 3 (July 7, 2016): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742271x16653779.

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Andonotopo, Wiku, and Prachi Kasar. "Ultrasound Imaging of Postpartum Hemorrhage." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 2 (2015): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1403.

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ABSTRACT The etiology of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is diverse and management depends on identifying the cause and tailoring treatment appropriately. The major causes of PPH are uterine atony, endometritis, retained placental tissue, placental abnormalities, i.e. placenta accreta, increta and percreta, subinvolution of the placental implantation site, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), lower genital tract trauma, uterine abnormalities, bleeding disorders, coagulopathies and use of anticoagulants. Use of imaging modalities (i.e. ultrasound scanning and color and pulsed Doppler) at an early stage in the search for the etiology of PPH helps to decrease morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the differential diagnoses for bleeding in the postpartum period and assesses the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of postpartum bleeding. By using illustrative images, the reader will be able to correlate findings on B-mode, color Doppler and 3D ultrasound in diagnosis and treatment of postpartum bleeding. It is important to be aware of the appearance of normal postpartum uterus to avoid misdiagnosis. How to cite this article Kasar P, Andonotopo W, Kupesic Plavsic S. Ultrasound Imaging of Postpartum Hemorrhage. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(2):175-187.

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Tie, Wayne, Kathrene Tajnert, and Thomas J. O'Neill. "Ultrasound Assessment of Postpartum Fever." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 2 (2013): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1287.

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ABSTRACT Postpartum fever and infection remain a significant cause of morbidity in postpartum period. Ultrasound is useful for assessment of the patients who present with temperature elevation, vaginal bleeding, pelvic and/or abdominal pain and signs of infection. Sonography can also be used to detect mastitis and breast abscess. Different types of imaging may be used in patients with refractory fever from suspected pyelonephritis, renal abscess and deep vein thrombosis. This article presents a variety of case scenarios regarding the postpartum fever. By using illustrative images the learner will be able to differentiate between the most common causes of postpartum fever, and will be able to identify typical B-mode, color Doppler, and CT images that require immediate antibiotic and/or invasive treatment. How to cite this article Tajnert K, Tie W, O'Neill TJ, Plavsic SK. Ultrasound Assessment of Postpartum Fever. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(2):219-230.

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Steinkeler, Jill, Bobbi-Jo Coldwell, and Mary A. Warner. "Ultrasound of the Postpartum Uterus." Ultrasound Quarterly 28, no. 2 (June 2012): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ruq.0b013e31824e6b7d.

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8

Redman, C. W. E., S. Rosevear, G. Constantine, and A. Fowlie. "Prediction of secondary postpartum haemorrhage using ultrasound." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 7, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443615.1987.12088594.

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9

Coldron, Yvonne, Maria J. Stokes, Di J. Newham, and Katy Cook. "Postpartum characteristics of rectus abdominis on ultrasound imaging." Manual Therapy 13, no. 2 (April 2008): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2006.10.001.

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10

Sendag, Sait, Muhammet Alan, Funda Eski, Sema Uslu, Baris A. Uslu, and Axel Wehrend. "Postpartum uterus involution observed by real-time ultrasound scanning and vaginal cytology in Van cats." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 18, no. 12 (July 10, 2016): 954–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x15598546.

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Objectives The objective was to investigate postpartum uterus involution by real-time ultrasonography and vaginal cytology in Van cats. Methods This study included 15 healthy Van cats belonging to the Van Cat Research Centre (Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey). Starting 24 h postpartum, ultrasonographic measurements were performed on the placental and interplacental uterine horn regions every day. Decreases in the diameters and uterine content were considered as criteria for uterine involution. Vaginal discharge samples were collected every day for 4 weeks postpartum. The smears were stained with Papanicolaou stain. Results The average diameters of placental and interplacental regions (IPRs) in the uterine horns were 3.12 ± 0.29 cm and 2.36 ± 0.43 cm, respectively, at 24 h postpartum. Placental regions (PRs) shrank faster than IPRs. At 48 h postpartum, it became difficult to distinguish PRs from IPRs in the uterine horns. The uterine horns could be seen in the abdominal cavity up to 5.60 ± 0.99 days postpartum. The mean of the last assessable diameter of the uterine horns from days 4 to 7 in all cats was 0.49 ± 0.07 cm. The vaginal epithelial cells appeared to be under the effect of oestrogen for 4 weeks postpartum. Conclusions and relevance The morphological involution of the uterus completes, to a large extent, within the first 48 h postpartum in Van cats. A more detailed hormonal analysis would contribute greatly to the understanding of the physiological processes involved in this period. Although postpartum involution appeared complete by 5.60 ± 0.99 days after parturition in Van cats, histological verification of this finding is needed.

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Smorgick, Noam, Ayala Krakov, Ron Maymon, Moshe Betser, Josef Tovbin, and Moty Pansky. "Postpartum Retained Products of Conception: A Novel Approach to Follow-Up and Early Diagnosis." Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound 39, no. 06 (September 21, 2017): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-113817.

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Abstract Purpose To investigate whether ultrasound follow-up for the detection of postpartum retained products of conception (RPOC) in women considered at risk for this condition may allow for early diagnosis. Methods Parturients at risk for RPOC underwent an ultrasound exam on the second postpartum day. Based on the ultrasound findings, women were either: (1) discharged to routine postpartum care in cases of normal scans, (2) invited for follow-up in cases of abnormal scans. We retrospectively analyzed the rates of women requiring uterine evacuation due to persistent abnormal scans. Results 761 parturients (out of 17 010 deliveries, 4.5 %) were included. Of those, 490 (64.4 %) women had a normal initial scan, but two of them were later readmitted for uterine evacuation. The remaining 271 (35.6 %) women were found to have an abnormal scan: (a) thickened endometrium > 10 mm with hypo- and hyper-echoes and negative Doppler flow considered low suspicion for RPOC was described in 260 cases, of whom 23 (8.8 %) underwent uterine evacuation with placental remnants confirmed in 12/23 (52.2 %), and (b) an echogenic mass with positive Doppler flow considered high suspicion for RPOC was described in 11 cases, all of whom underwent uterine evacuation, with placental remnants confirmed in 9/11 (81.8 %). The number of scans required to detect RPOC in one patient was 33. Conclusion Postpartum ultrasound evaluation may allow for early diagnosis of RPOC in women considered at risk for this condition.

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Cengic, B., N. Varatanovic, T. Mutevelic, A. Katica, N. Mlaco, and A. Cutuk. "Normal and abnormal uterine involution in cows monitored by ultrasound." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 28, no. 2 (2012): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1202205c.

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Success in cattle breeding is one of the most important goals in livestock farming and it requires particular attention when it is about securing unobstructed reproduction. Final goal in cattle breeding is to produce one live calf per year, which will likewise enhance milk production through successful pregnancy. The aim of our research was to monitor uterine involution speed with aid of ultrasound device and make records when cows are ready to be inseminated again, which cows need more time to complete involution and how many cows will have uterine disorders and require therapy. The experiment was carried out from October 2009 until the end of January 2010. In our experiment 50 cows were included and 412 transrectal ultrasound examinations were performed. Cows were transrectally examined, starting from 6th day postpartum until 52 days postpartum. Speed of uterine involution has been monitored through decrease of uterine horn diameter and wall thickness. Cows with normal puerperium have completed involution in the period from 38 - 45 days postpartum, while those with abnormal puerperium needed more time to complete it or required therapy of disturbed uterine status. In total 48% of cows had normal uterine involution, 52% of cows had some abnormalities in involution and 10% of cows in experiment required therapy. With continuous monitoring of reproductive tract in cattle with ultrasound it is possible to timely detect right time for first insemination postpartum, decrease period of open days or to detect abnormalities in uterine health status and treat it.

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KOYUNCU, Kazibe, Batuhan TURGAY, Bulut VARLI, Can Ozan ULUSOY, Ruşen AYTAÇ, and Feride SÖYLEMEZ. "Covert postpartum urinary retention, is there a place for routine bladder ultrasound in postpartum care?" Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 38, no. 2 (March 14, 2021): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52142/omujecm.38.2.15.

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Postpartum urinary retention (PUR) is defined as inability to void after six hours from delivery or having abnormal post-void residual volume after delivery (PVRV). Overt PUR is easily detectable condition but covert PUR usually remains undiagnosed. We aim to investigate the incidence of covert PUR and identify the risk factors. A retrospective analysis of the postpartum women was undertaken between January-July 2016. PVRV of the patients either delivered vaginally or cesarean section were assessed with ultrasound after first micturition. All the ultrasound scans were made by experienced gynecologist. PVRV of more than 150 mL was defined as covert PUR. Maternal age, parity, BMI, type of delivery, episiotomy, first urination time, fetal head circumference, labor augmentation and fetal birth weight were investigated as possible risk factors for covert PUR. The characteristics of the patients with or without covert PUR were compared. Of the 450 women included, 67 (17.49%) were diagnosed as covert PUR. Birth weight (p= 0.001), head circumference (p=0.043), vaginal delivery (p=0.001) and need for episiotomy (p=0.003) were statistically different between patients with PVRV under 150 mL and above 150 mL. Fetal head circumference appeared as the only independent risk factor for covert PUR (95% CI for OR=1.11-1.127, p=0.04). Although covert PUR is a common problem after delivery, risk factors and treatment have not been established. Until risk factors are identified clearly with larger studies, postpartum routine PVRV evaluation may be beneficial for preventing long-term voiding dysfunction problems.

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14

Paliulyte, V., G. S. Drasutiene, D. Ramasauskaite, D. Bartkeviciene, J. Zakareviciene, and J. Kurmanavicius. "Physiological Uterine Involution in Primiparous and Multiparous Women: Ultrasound Study." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6739345.

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Purpose. To examine the uterine involution period after uncomplicated delivery in primiparous and multiparous women.Methods. Longitudinal prospective study. Repeated parameters were measured and endometrial contents and diastolic notch were observed. Measurements of primiparous and multiparous women were carried out after labour on the 1st, 3rd, 10th, 30th, 42nd, and 60th postpartum days. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.Results. The median uterus parameters are bigger in multiparous group in physiological puerperium, but the decreasing trend is the same. The endometrial cavity on the 10th day was significantly wider in multiparous women and mainly echo-negative view of the uterine cavity was observed. The evaluation of the uterine angle deviation changes from an extremely retroverted position to a more anteverted position. RI of the uterine artery in both groups was low immediately after labour and significantly increased one month postpartum. Notching of the uterine artery undergoes changes, but diastolic notch does not appear in all postpartum women even after two months following labour.Conclusions. The puerperium period after normal vaginal delivery depends on parity. The trend of involution in primiparous and multiparous women follows a similar pattern, yet, it lasts longer in the multiparous women. Ultrasound of uterine is certainly a useful tool after labour and may be important in facilitating an early detection of postpartum uterine complications.

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Lee, E. H., C. Y. Im, and J. W. Kim. "Ultrasound diagnosis of postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis: case report." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 18, no. 4 (October 2001): 384–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0960-7692.2001.00504.x.

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16

Sokol, E. R., H. Casele, and E. I. Haney. "Ultrasound examination of the postpartum uterus: what is normal?" Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 15, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767050310001650798.

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17

Deng, Lin, and Sumant Naidu. "Ultrasound of a late onset postpartum broad ligament haematoma." Sonography 7, no. 2 (May 25, 2020): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sono.12223.

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18

Molokwu, Jennifer. "Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound Topics in Family Medicine Resident Training." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 1 (2014): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1331.

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ABSTRACT Access to timely and appropriate prenatal and maternity care is widely known to be an important factor in improving birth outcomes. Family physicians make a significant contribution to the provision of prenatal care in the United States. The amount of exposure to maternity care and prenatal procedures in residency increase likelihood of incorporation of prenatal care in future practice. The use of prenatal ultrasounds has become standard in the management of pregnancy. Ultrasonography has wide application in obstetric care and is being used in screening and diagnosis during antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum periods. Family physicians that provide obstetric care should be trained to carry out basic obstetric ultrasound scans. In our paper, we have outlined an approach to the incorporation of ultrasound training into Family Medicine residency education. We have also explored the use of simulation as an adjunct to scanning live patients in a training curriculum. How to cite this article Molokwu J. Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound Topics in Family Medicine Resident Training. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(1):31-34.

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Levinsohn-Tavor, Orna, Noa Feldman, Ran Svirsky, Noam Smorgick, Arava Nir-Yoffe, and Ron Maymon. "Ultrasound criteria for managing postpartum patients with suspicion of retention of conception products." Acta Radiologica 61, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185119855185.

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Background Retention of conception products is a common complication following delivery and remains a diagnostic and management challenge due to non-specific symptoms and ultrasound findings. Purpose To introduce a clinical approach for managing patients with suspected retained products of conception following delivery. Material and Methods The ultrasound examination included gray-scale and Doppler parameters which classified the patients into three groups: high, moderate, or low probability for retained products of conception. The same classification was used both to stratify individual risk for retained products of conception, as well as for counseling the appropriate management. Results The study included 66 patients. Retained products of conception was confirmed in 62%, 32% and 0% of the high, moderate and low probability groups, respectively. Additionally, each group was further divided according to the timing of the ultrasound examination: before or after 42 postpartum days. A significant increase, from 12% to 64%, in the positive predictive value was observed in the moderate probability group when the ultrasound was performed ≥ 42 days postpartum. Conclusions In the low probability group, no surgical intervention is recommended. When ultrasound findings are classified as high probability for retained products of conception, surgical evacuation of the uterine content is recommended. For clinically stable women with ultrasound findings consistent with moderate probability, ultrasound follow-up at the end of the puerperal period (42 days) is recommended. This approach may improve the sonographic prediction of retained products of conception and prevent unnecessary interventions.

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Cherkavskyi, S., S. Vlasenko, and O. Jerochenko. "Ultrasonic control over the course of the postnatal period and diagnosis of obstetric pathology in the bitches." Naukovij vìsnik veterinarnoï medicini, no. 2(152) (December 17, 2019): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2019-152-2-12-19.

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The article presents the results of ultrasound examination of uterine females in the postpartum period. It is established that during its physiological course on the 3rd day, the cervix and body of the uterus are placed in the pelvic cavity dorsally with respect to the bladder, and the horns of the uterus - in the abdominal cavity cranially, in the area of - the loops of the large intestine. On the ultrasound it is noted that the horns of the uterus are expanded, with a diameter of 15-18 mm. The walls of the horns are thickened, with sections from 4 mm to 6 mm. Its tissues are of average echogenicity, of heterogeneous consistency. Hypoechoic homogeneous content is observed in the visualized uterine cavity. In females with delayed litter during this period, uterine horns with a diameter of 1.91–1.96 cm were visualized, with a thickened wall that had hypoechoic areas. In addition, the endometrial relief was folded, uneven, and in some places, its desquamated fragments were visualized. Diagnostic sign of delay of litter was the detection in the uterine cavity of tissue structures of amniotic membranes with increased echogenicity. On the 7th day after childbirth, ultrasound signs of metritis were detected on the background of the delay of the litter. The uterine wall reached 3.3–3.9 cm, had a heterogeneous tissue structure and increased echogenicity. In the internal relief of the uterus, areas of desquamated endometrium were visualized and hyperechogenic contents were present in the uterine cavity. It is proved that ultrasound scan of the uterus into the bough is an eﬀ ective method of monitoring the course of postpartum involution and provides early diagnosis of obstetric pathology. The main diagnostic ultrasound indicator for the delay of litter in the boughs is the visualization of the structures of the amniotic membranes in the uterine cavity, hyperechogenic areas and thickening of its walls. The development of postpartum metritis is indicated by signiﬁ cant thickening of the uterus and its mucous membrane, areas of desquamated endometrium and the presence of hyperechoic content in the uterine cavity. Key words: bitch, postpartum period, uterine involution, delay of litter, metritis, ultrasound.

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Zhou, Yuehong. "Prediction and Value of Ultrasound Image in Diagnosis of Fetal Central Nervous System Malformation under Deep Learning Algorithm." Scientific Programming 2021 (July 26, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6246274.

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This study was to explore the application of deep learning neural network (DLNN) algorithms to identify and optimize the ultrasound image so as to analyze the effect and value in diagnosis of fetal central nervous system malformation (CNSM). 63 pregnant women who were gated in the hospital were suspected of being fetal CNSM and were selected as the research objects. The ultrasound images were reserved in duplicate, and one group was defined as the control group without any processing, and images in the experimental group were processed with the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm to identify and optimize. The ultrasound examination results and the pathological test results before, during, and after the pregnancy were observed and compared. The results showed that the test results in the experimental group were closer to the postpartum ultrasound and the results of the pathological result, but the results in both groups showed no statistical difference in contrast to the postpartum results in terms of similarity ( P > 0.05 ). In the same pregnancy stage, the ultrasound examination results of the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and the contrast was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ); in the different pregnancy stages, the ultrasound examination results in the second trimester were more close to the postpartum examination results, showing statistically obvious difference ( P < 0.05 ). In conclusion, ultrasonic image based on deep learning was higher in CNSM inspection; and ultrasonic technology had to be improved for the examination in different pregnancy stages, and the accuracy of the examination results is improved. However, the amount of data in this study was too small, so the representative was not high enough, which would be improved.

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Adkins, Kristin, Joseph Minardi, Erin Setzer, and Debra Williams. "Retained Products of Conception: An Atypical Presentation Diagnosed Immediately with Bedside Emergency Ultrasound." Case Reports in Emergency Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9124967.

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Background. Retained products of conception is an important diagnosis to consider in patients presenting with postpartum complaints. Bedside ultrasound is a rapid, accurate, noninvasive modality to evaluate these patients.Objective. To report an atypical case of retained products of conception diagnosed with bedside ultrasound in the emergency department.Case Report. A 27-year-old female who was 1-month postpartum presented with vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and no fever. At the time of initial H&P, bedside ultrasound revealed echogenic material within the endometrial cavity with blood flow seen by color Doppler consistent with retained products of conception. The bedside ultrasound rapidly narrowed the differential and allowed a definitive diagnosis immediately. Ob/Gyn was consulted and dilation and curettage was performed in the operating room.Conclusions. Retained products of conception is an important diagnosis for the emergency physician to consider in at-risk patients. The sonographic findings are easily obtained and interpreted by emergency physicians. Earlier diagnosis of this disease process should lead to more focused patient evaluations and management.

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Kanesa-thasan, Riti, and Annina Wilkes. "Postpartum Pyogenic Granuloma." Journal of Breast Imaging 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbaa064.

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24

Al-Shawaf, Talha, Salah Al-Moghrabi, and Abdullah Akiel. "Uterus Didelphys Diagnosed in Labor and Postpartum Confirmation by Ultrasound." Annals of Saudi Medicine 6, no. 1 (January 1986): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.1986.45.

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Hertzberg, B. S., and J. D. Bowie. "Ultrasound of the postpartum uterus. Prediction of retained placental tissue." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 10, no. 8 (August 1991): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7863/jum.1991.10.8.451.

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Sudoł-Szopinńska, Iwona, Justyna Radkiewicz, Tomasz Szopiński, Anna K. Panorska, Wiesław Jakubowski, and Jarosław Kawka. "Postpartum endoanal ultrasound findings in primiparous women after vaginal delivery." Acta Radiologica 51, no. 7 (September 2010): 819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02841851.2010.491090.

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Jensen, Josefine Tangen, Niels Klarskov, and Jeannet Lauenborg. "Validity of bladder volume measurement by ultrasound in women postpartum." International Urogynecology Journal 31, no. 3 (July 5, 2019): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00192-019-04037-1.

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Glazkova, O. L., D. Yu Makeev, S. V. Shmeleva, R. E. Kuznetsov, O. A. Romanovskaya, L. V. Sumyatina, E. I. Dubrovinskaya, E. M. Kukovenko, and I. N. Khuzhokova. "Electromyostimulation in the treatment of early forms of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction." Voprosy ginekologii, akušerstva i perinatologii 20, no. 3 (2021): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2021-3-63-68.

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Objective. To study the results of electromyostimulation using an electrical device Tonis in patients with minimal signs of postpartum pelvic floor trauma. Patients and methods. The study included 24 women aged 20–32 years (27.4 (24.4; 29.1)) who were observed 6–12 months after delivery of their first child through vaginal childbirth in a cephalic presentation and whose examination revealed minimal signs of pelvic floor trauma or dysfunction. The electromyostimulation trainer Tonis was used 20 minutes daily (postpartum rehabilitation program) for 3 months. Results. After 3 months of training, in all patients, previously minimal complaints ceased. The POP-Q measurements significantly improved almost in all patients: the uterus was in a higher position, the topography of both the anterior and posterior vaginal walls improved, and the genital hiatus narrowed. Conclusion. Transperineal ultrasound showed a statistically significant improvement in the height of the central tendon of the perineum and in the muscle mass, the number of patients with muscle diastasis decreased, urethral hypermobility also decreased. Key words: postpartum rehabilitation, POP-Q system, transperineal ultrasound, electromyostimulation

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Mulic-Lutvica, Ajlana, and Ove Axelsson. "Postpartum ultrasound in women with postpartum endometritis, after cesarean section and after manual evacuation of the placenta." Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 86, no. 2 (January 2007): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016340601124086.

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Tesfaye, Sisay, Mequanent Tariku, and Agete Tadewos Hirigo. "Postpartum left ovarian vein thrombosis." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 8 (January 2020): 2050313X2096263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x20962637.

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Left ovarian vein thrombosis is a very rare and infrequent thrombotic condition that mainly occurs in the postpartum or postoperative period. We report a case of a 25-year-old para-1 woman who presented with 2 weeks of postpartum fever and dull aching abdominal pain more on the left side. Before operation, the diagnosis was left adnexal mass secondary to questionable ovarian cyst torsion and she underwent laparotomy. Her intraoperative findings revealed a firm left broad ligament mass with extension to retroperitoneum and it was difficult to demarcate the proximal end. Moreover, on the second day of postoperation, abdominal Doppler ultrasound indicated enlargement of the left ovarian vein that was filled with thrombi having hypoechoic and intermediate echogenicity. After the confirmation of left ovarian vein thrombosis, the case was treated with anticoagulants and broad-spectrum antibiotics and then well improved. Our case climaxes an instant diagnosis and therapeutic significance concerning ovarian vein thrombosis to early manage/avert complications. Besides, the ovarian vein thrombosis diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion for a case presented with fever and abdominal pain.

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Nai, Gisele, Andressa Bazan, Caroline Rocha, Juliana Nagy, and Isadora Campos. "Postpartum Genital Melanoma – A Case Report." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 40, no. 03 (February 23, 2018): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1624578.

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AbstractMelanomas of the female genital tract may occur in the vulva, the vagina, the ovary or the cervix. Pregnancy has been considered an aggravating factor in the evolution and prognosis of melanoma. A 35-year-old female presented with vaginal bleeding 2 months after a term cesarean delivery. An endovaginal ultrasound revealed a lesion in the uterine cervix. The pathological report revealed a small round-cell neoplasm, and the immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. A positron emission tomography revealed an expansive hypermetabolic lesion centered on the cervix, and hypermetabolic lesions in the liver and right kidney. Non-surgical treatment was provided, with biochemotherapy followed by ipilimumab and nivolumab. The patient died one year later. Postpartum vaginal bleeding, even if late-onset, should be investigated, as it may be a pregnancy-associated malignant melanoma, which has a poor prognosis.

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Imai, Kenji, Tomomi Kotani, Hiroyuki Tsuda, Tomoko Nakano, Akihiro Hirakawa, and Fumitaka Kikkawa. "A Novel Approach to Detecting Postpartum Hemorrhage Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 43, no. 3 (March 2017): 615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.11.008.

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Weis, Carol Ann, John J. Triano, Jon Barrett, Michelle D. Campbell, Martine Croy, and Jessica Roeder. "Ultrasound Assessment of Abdominal Muscle Thickness in Postpartum vs Nulliparous Women." Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 38, no. 5 (June 2015): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2015.06.005.

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Van Den Bosch, T., D. Van Schoubroeck, C. Lu, J. De Brabanter, S. Van Huffel, and D. Timmerman. "Color Doppler and gray-scale ultrasound evaluation of the postpartum uterus." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 20, no. 6 (December 2002): 586–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0705.2002.00851.x.

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Mulic-Lutvica, Ajlana, Karin Eurenius, and Ove Axelsson. "Uterine artery Doppler ultrasound in postpartum women with retained placental tissue." Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 88, no. 6 (January 2009): 724–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016340902934670.

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Wang, Liangcheng, Tomoyuki Kuwata, Isao Horiuchi, Haruko Ariga, Ken Imai, Hiroyoshi Ko, Azusa Kimura, Kenro Chikazawa, Shiho Oide, and Kenjiro Takagi. "Open fan sign: An ultrasound finding suggesting postpartum intrauterine forgotten gauze." Clinical Case Reports 6, no. 12 (October 22, 2018): 2507–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.1886.

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Okamoto, Mikako, Ryoko Murayama, Megumi Haruna, Masayo Matsuzaki, Shiro Kozuma, Maki Nakata, and Sachiyo Murashima. "Evaluation of pelvic floor function by transabdominal ultrasound in postpartum women." Journal of Medical Ultrasonics 37, no. 4 (July 13, 2010): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10396-010-0271-x.

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Cosmi, Erich, Carlo Saccardi, Pietro Litta, Giovanni B. Nardelli, and Salvatore Dessole. "Transvaginal ultrasound and sonohysterography for assessment of postpartum residual trophoblastic tissue." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 110, no. 3 (May 21, 2010): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.03.036.

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39

Maslovitz, Sharon, Ariel Jaffa, Ishai Levin, Benjamin Almog, Joseph B. Lessing, and Igal Wolman. "The clinical significance of postpartum transperineal ultrasound of the anal sphincter." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 134, no. 1 (September 2007): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.06.017.

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Bellussi, Federica, Ilaria Cataneo, Maria Gaia Dodaro, Aly Youssef, Ginevra Salsi, and Gianluigi Pilu. "The use of ultrasound in the evaluation of postpartum paravaginal hematomas." American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM 1, no. 1 (March 2019): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2019.03.002.

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Abrantes, João, Eliana Teixeira, Fernanda Gomes, and Clara Fernandes. "Postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis and venous anatomical variation." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 6 (June 2019): e228399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-228399.

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A 34-year-old multipara presented 72 hours postpartum with acute right-sided abdominal pain. The investigation revealed mild leucocytosis with positive D-dimer and elevated C reactive protein. Abdominal ultrasound and abdominopelvic CT demonstrated an enlarged right ovarian vein with endoluminal thrombus, representing postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis. The patient became asymptomatic 48 hours after starting broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment and anticoagulant therapy. She completed the treatment in ambulatory regimen and control abdominopelvic CT imaging was performed and revealed a duplicated right ovarian vein and a small residual subacute thrombus in the lumen of the distal right ovarian vein. The patient remained asymptomatic in the clinical follow-up.

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Wu, Size, Xian Liang, Xiaojing Cui, Dongsheng Zuo, Lian Hong, and Kailiang Chen. "Evaluating the Endometrial Hyperechoic Zone in Early Postpartum Women May Be Deceptive When Utilizing Transcutaneous Sonography." Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 34, no. 3 (April 10, 2018): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756479318769029.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the concordance of measurements for early postpartum endometrial thickness between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transcutaneous diagnostic medical sonography (DMS) as well as its implications. The measurements of early postpartum endometrial thickness were reviewed across 51 postpartum women who underwent MRI and transcutaneous DMS. Additionally, 30 women with a normal menstrual cycle formed a control group, and their data were compared. The results indicated that the endometrial thickness at early postpartum was 4.63 ± 0.62 mm on MRI and 8.18 ± 4.70 mm on DMS, with a comparative significant difference ( P < .001). The endometrial thickness of the control group was 10.02 ± 1.71 mm on MRI and 10.17 ± 1.81 mm on DMS with no comparative significant difference ( P = .124). This cohort study questions whether the hyperechoic zone in the early postpartum uterine cavity represents the actual endometrial thickness. Care should be taken by sonographers in labeling the hyperechoic zone in the early postpartum stage as endometrium.

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Chauhan, N., and Y. Sharma. "Sonographic Diagnosis of Infected Chronic Uterine Inversion at 12 Weeks Postpartum." Ultrasound 19, no. 4 (September 29, 2011): 227–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ult.2011.011014.

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Puerperal uterine inversion is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening obstetric emergency. We report a case of an infected chronic uterine inversion which presented 12 weeks after the vaginal delivery. The diagnosis was made on ultrasound and resulted in timely therapeutic intervention. The greyscale and Doppler findings are discussed.

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Petric, Aleksandra, Radomir Zivadinovic, Aleksandra Tubic-Pavlovic, and Dejan Mitic. "Postpartum intra-abdominal haemorrhage: Case report." Medical review 63, no. 11-12 (2010): 870–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1012870p.

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Introduction. The most frequent cause of gynaecological haemoperitoneum is ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Haemoperitoneum after a normal vaginal delivery is rare and it is associated with high maternal mortality. Case report. A 22-year-old primipara had a normal vaginal delivery. She experinced acute abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock ten hours after the delivery and was referred to our hospital twenty one hours after the delivery. An urgent ultrasound profile was done, which revealed free fluid in pelvis and in the whole abdomen. An immediate laparotomy was done and 2 litres of blood were found within the peritoneal cavity. The uterine wall was intact. We found a haematoma on the anterior wall of rectum and livid colours of broad ligament. The peritoneal cavity was cleaned and revised. Any injury of the spleen or liver was excluded. Discussion and conclusion. Haematoperitoneum after a normal vaginal delivery is rare but life threatening to mothers. It is important to recognize this condition to avoid delay in diagnosis and treatment because of high maternal mortality. Our patient was bleeding from superficial rectal vessels. Only a few cases with undefined aetiologies have been reported in literature.

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DiGiacinto, Dora, Jennifer E. Bagley, Bradford Gildon, and Gina Cantrell. "Postpartum Pseudoaneurysm After Cesarean Delivery." Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 35, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756479318816985.

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Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon vascular lesion that can be life threatening. A ruptured uterine artery pseudoaneurysm can cause acute massive hemorrhaging, creating a true emergency for the postpartum patient. The etiology is more commonly seen with traumatic procedures such as cesarean delivery or curettage. This case report is of a patient with a history of HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count) syndrome who presented with heavy bleeding after a cesarean delivery. Sonography was primarily used to diagnose the uterine artery pseudoaneurysm. Because of the massive hemorrhaging in this case, a hysterectomy was performed.

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Cengic, Benjamin, Nazif Varatanovic, Tarik Mutevelic, Amel Cutuk, Lejla Velic, Alan Maksimovic, Selma Filipovic, Dzenita Hadzijunuzovic-Alagic, and Agnesa Coralic. "Distribution and size of corpora lutea in dairy cows during puerperium." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 34, no. 2 (2018): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1802171c.

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During puerperium phase in cows, uterus goes through involution process, while ovaries restore supressed cyclicity as a result of gestation. After 10-20 days postpartum (PP) luteinizing hormone (LH) levels begin to raise and renewal of cyclicity after parturition is probably most important factor for cows to successfuly conceive again. Almost 95% of dairy cows should restore ovarian cyclicity up to 50 days postpartum. LH surge is important for ovulation and luteinisation of granulosa and theca cells into luteal cells and proliferation of blood vessels. Up to 79% of newly formed corpora lutea have central vacuola, filled with fluid. The study involved the total of 54 Holstein-Friesian cows, during first 40 days of lactation. Examinations of the ovaries, were performed in the period from 10 to 40 days postpartum. Ovaries and corpora lutea were first palpated and then examined using portable diagnostic ultrasound linear scanner MyLab?30 VETGold portable ultrasound linear scanner with endorectal linear probe LV 513, 5-7.5 MHz (both Esaote SpA, Italy). The same equipment was used to monitor BCS, while lamenes was assessed using Zinpro Locomotion Score for dairy cows. The highest number of corpora lutea was observed after 20 and 30 days postpartum in experimental and control groups. More corpora lutea were observed in multiparous cows. Higher numbers of corpora lutea with similar average size were observed in right ovaries of cows in both groups, while corpora lutea were bigger in multiparous cows. Numbers and sizes of corpora lutea, may give an insight in quality of restoration of ovarian cyclicity and a solid base for prediction on future reproductive performances.

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Keshwani, Nadia, and Linda McLean. "Ultrasound Imaging in Postpartum Women With Diastasis Recti: Intrarater Between-Session Reliability." Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 45, no. 9 (September 2015): 713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2015.5879.

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Marinho, A. O., A. O. Kalejaiye, and A. O. Sodipo. "Ultrasound diagnosis of arterial bleeding as a cause of secondary postpartum haemorrhage." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 9, no. 2 (January 1988): 132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01443618809151375.

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Paliulyte, Virginija, Grazina Stanislava Drasutiene, Diana Ramasauskaite, Daiva Bartkeviciene, Jolita Zakareviciene, and Juozas Kurmanavicius. "Is Postpartum Uterine Involution Impacted by Instrumental or Operative Procedures? Ultrasound Study." Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 08, no. 13 (2018): 1289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2018.813131.

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Jayaram, Ashok, Mary P. Bowen, Sanjay Deshpande, and Harvey M. Carp. "Ultrasound Examination of the Stomach Contents of Women in the Postpartum Period." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 52, no. 11 (November 1997): 675–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199711000-00008.

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