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Journal articles on the topic 'Postural and locomotor motor skills'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Patel, Mitesh, R. Edward Roberts, Mohammed U. Riyaz, et al. "Locomotor adaptation is modulated by observing the actions of others." Journal of Neurophysiology 114, no. 3 (2015): 1538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00446.2015.

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Observing the motor actions of another person could facilitate compensatory motor behavior in the passive observer. Here we explored whether action observation alone can induce automatic locomotor adaptation in humans. To explore this possibility, we used the “broken escalator” paradigm. Conventionally this involves stepping upon a stationary sled after having previously experienced it actually moving (Moving trials). This history of motion produces a locomotor aftereffect when subsequently stepping onto a stationary sled. We found that viewing an actor perform the Moving trials was sufficient

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2

Liu, Wenxi, Nan Zeng, Daniel J. McDonough, and Zan Gao. "Effect of Active Video Games on Healthy Children’s Fundamental Motor Skills and Physical Fitness: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (2020): 8264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218264.

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Objective: The present study aimed to synthesize the most updated literature regarding the casual evidence of the effects of active video games (AVGs) on fundamental motor skills (FMS; locomotor skills and object control skills) and physical fitness among healthy children. Methods: Electronic databases were searched through October 2020. Peer-reviewed randomized control trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental designs examining the effectiveness of AVGs on FMS and physical fitness development among healthy children (3–12 years) were screened. Results: A total of nine RCTs and one quasi-experimenta

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3

Marusic, Uros, Sidney Grosprêtre, Armin Paravlic, Simon Kovač, Rado Pišot, and Wolfgang Taube. "Motor Imagery during Action Observation of Locomotor Tasks Improves Rehabilitation Outcome in Older Adults after Total Hip Arthroplasty." Neural Plasticity 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5651391.

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This study aimed at determining whether the combination of action observation and motor imagery (AO + MI) of locomotor tasks could positively affect rehabilitation outcome after hip replacement surgery. Of initially 405 screened participants, 21 were randomly split into intervention group (N=10; mean age = 64 y; AO + MI of locomotor tasks: 30 min/day in the hospital, then 3×/week in their homes for two months) and control group (N=11, mean age = 63 y, active controls). The functional outcomes (Timed Up and Go, TUG; Four Step Square Test, FSST; and single- and dual-task gait and postural contro

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4

Newell, Karl M. "What are Fundamental Motor Skills and What is Fundamental About Them?" Journal of Motor Learning and Development 8, no. 2 (2020): 280–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2020-0013.

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A review and synthesis of the literature on the learning and development of motor skills supports the postulation that whether a motor skill can be deemed fundamental is dependent on the collective presence of three conditions: (i) uniqueness to the movement pattern and/or outcome; (ii) near universality of the functional outcome in the healthy population; (iii) capacity to act as an antecedent influence supporting generalization to a large and broad set of perceptual-motor skills. Within this framework, it is proposed that the infant motor development sequence underpinning upright posture (e.

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Assaiante, Christine, Sophie Mallau, Sébastien Viel, Marianne Jover, and Christina Schmitz. "Development of Postural Control in Healthy Children: A Functional Approach." Neural Plasticity 12, no. 2-3 (2005): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/np.2005.109.

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From a set of experimental studies showing how intersegmental coordination develops during childhood in various posturokinetic tasks, we have established a repertoire of equilibrium strategies in the course of ontogenesis. The experimental data demonstrate that the first reference frame used for the organization of balance control during locomotion is the pelvis, especially in young children. Head stabilization during posturokinetic activities, particularly locomotion, constitutes a complex motor skill requiring a long time to develop during childhood. When studying the emergence of postural s

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6

Malouin, Francine, and Carol L. Richards. "Mental Practice for Relearning Locomotor Skills." Physical Therapy 90, no. 2 (2010): 240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090029.

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Over the past 2 decades, much work has been carried out on the use of mental practice through motor imagery for optimizing the retraining of motor function in people with physical disabilities. Although much of the clinical work with mental practice has focused on the retraining of upper-extremity tasks, this article reviews the evidence supporting the potential of motor imagery for retraining gait and tasks involving coordinated lower-limb and body movements. First, motor imagery and mental practice are defined, and evidence from physiological and behavioral studies in healthy individuals sup

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Immekus, Jason C., Franklin Muntis, and Daniela Terson de Paleville. "Predictor Selection Using Lasso to Examine the Association of Motor Proficiency, Postural Control, Visual Efficiency, and Behavior With the Academic Skills of Elementary School-Aged Children." Journal of Motor Learning and Development 8, no. 1 (2020): 126–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2018-0023.

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The associations between motor proficiency, postural control, and visual efficiency with teacher and parent ratings of children’s behavior and academic skills were examined among a sample of elementary school-aged children (N = 50). Teacher and parent ratings of students’ academic skills were analyzed separately to examine the predictive nature of measures of motor proficiency. Spearman rank order correlations reported low to moderate relationships between motor proficiency, postural control, and children’s behavior (e.g., ADHD inattention) and academic skills. The least absolute shrinkage and

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Goodway, Jacqueline D., Heather Crowe, and Phillip Ward. "Effects of Motor Skill Instruction on Fundamental Motor Skill Development." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 20, no. 3 (2003): 298–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.20.3.298.

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The influence of a 9-week instructional program on locomotor and object control skill development of preschoolers who are at risk of developmental delay was investigated. The motor skill instruction group (n = 33) received 18, 35-min lessons; the comparison group (n = 30) received the regular prekindergarten program. Pre and posttest scores on the locomotor and object control subscales of the Test of Gross Motor Development (Ulrich, 1985) were obtained. A Group by Gender MANOVA with repeated measures yielded a significant Group by Time interaction. The intervention group performed significantl

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Beyeler, Anna, Charles Métais, Denis Combes, John Simmers, and Didier Le Ray. "Metamorphosis-Induced Changes in the Coupling of Spinal Thoraco-Lumbar Motor Outputs During Swimming in Xenopus laevis." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 3 (2008): 1372–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00023.2008.

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Anuran metamorphosis includes a complete remodeling of the animal's biomechanical apparatus, requiring a corresponding functional reorganization of underlying central neural circuitry. This involves changes that must occur in the coordination between the motor outputs of different spinal segments to harmonize locomotor and postural functions as the limbs grow and the tail regresses. In premetamorphic Xenopus laevis tadpoles, axial motor output drives rostrocaudally propagating segmental myotomal contractions that generate propulsive body undulations. During metamorphosis, the anterior axial mu

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Šalaj, Sanja, Lucija Milčić, and Ivan Šimunović. "Differences in motor skills of selected and non-selected group of children in artistic gymnastics." Kinesiology 51, no. 1 (2019): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.51.1.16.

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Main purpose of this paper was to find differences in motor skill level between selected and non-selected group of children in artistic gymnastics. Artistic gymnastics is one of the sports that is frequently put into a negative context because of early specialization of children, while at the same time it is considered to be basic, fundamental sport. Thirty-one child (age 5.59 ± 0.77) participated in this study. The data was collected using Test of Gross Motor Development – Second Edition (TGMD-2). One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to determine the differences in motor skills

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Honrubia-Montesinos, Cristina, Pedro Gil-Madrona, and Luisa Losada-Puente. "Motor Development among Spanish Preschool Children." Children 8, no. 1 (2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8010041.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze motor development of Spanish preschoolers, taking into account sex and age, being an only child, prematurity, and the practice of extracurricular activities. The sample was composed of 300 preschoolers (132 girls, 168 boys) ages 3 to 6 years. Preschoolers were tested on 12 fundamental motor skills (locomotor and object control) through the Test of Gross Motor Development—Second Edition (TGMD-2). Nonparametric analysis indicated that there are differences between girls and boys in locomotor and object control skills in the age range of 3–4 years. However

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Rintala, Pauli Olavi, Arja Kaarina Sääkslahti, and Susanna Iivonen. "Reliability Assessment of Scores From Video-Recorded TGMD-3 Performances." Journal of Motor Learning and Development 5, no. 1 (2017): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2016-0007.

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This study examined the intrarater and interrater reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development—3rd Edition (TGMD-3). Participants were 60 Finnish children aged between 3 and 9 years, divided into three separate samples of 20. Two samples of 20 were used to examine the intrarater reliability of two different assessors, and the third sample of 20 was used to establish interrater reliability. Children’s TGMD-3 performances were video-recorded and later assessed using an intraclass correlation coefficient, a kappa statistic, and a percent agreement calculation. The intrarater reliability of

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Liang, Jing Nong, and David A. Brown. "Impaired foot-force direction regulation during postural loaded locomotion in individuals poststroke." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 2 (2013): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00005.2013.

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Following stroke, hemiparesis results in impaired motor control. Specifically, inappropriate direction of foot-forces during locomotion has been reported. In our previous study ( Liang and Brown 2011 ) that examined poststroke foot-force direction during a seated, supported locomotor task, we observed that foot-force control capabilities were preserved poststroke. In this current study, we sought to better understand the mechanisms underlying the interaction of locomotor and postural control as an interactive mechanism that might interfere, poststroke, with appropriate foot-force generation. W

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Dong, Liangshan, Bo Shen, YanLi Pang, et al. "FMS Effects of a Motor Program for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders." Perceptual and Motor Skills 128, no. 4 (2021): 1421–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00315125211010053.

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The current study evaluated the effectiveness of a motor program that specifically targeted fundamental motor skills (FMS) in children with ASD. The experimental group (n=21) participated in a 9-week program with motor instructions for 80 minutes/day, three days/week, while the control group (n=29) did not participate in the program. We measured FMS (using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3) one-week before, one-week after, and two-months after the program. Children in the experimental group had significantly larger FMS improvements than the controls on both locomotor and ball skills immedi

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Kim, Nam-Joo, and Ha-Young Kim. "Analysis of Early Childhood’s Fundamental Motor Skills -Focused on Locomotor Skills and Object Control Skills-." Korean Journal of Growth and Development 27, no. 3 (2019): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.34284/kjgd.2019.08.27.3.185.

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Ali, Ajmol, Claire McLachlan, Tara McLaughlin, et al. "Fundamental Movement Skills and Physical Activity of 3–4-Year-Old Children within Early Childhood Centers in New Zealand." Children 8, no. 9 (2021): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8090742.

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We sought to describe and explore relationships between fundamental movement skills (FMS) and level of physical activity (PA; light-, medium-, vigorous, and kCal/hour) in preschool children, aged 3–4-years-old, across four early childhood education (ECE) settings. Children’s FMS were assessed using the Test for Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2; n = 81) and PA via accelerometers (S = 53). Eighty-four children participated, with 50 in both assessments. The TGMD-2 showed as the children got older, their locomotor skills (p < 0.001, r = 0.512) and object control motor skills (p < 0.001, r =

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Palmer, Kara K., Alison L. Miller, Sean K. Meehan, and Leah E. Robinson. "The Motor skills At Playtime intervention improves children's locomotor skills: A feasibility study." Child: Care, Health and Development 46, no. 5 (2020): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cch.12793.

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Palmer, Kara K., Michael A. Nunu, Katherine Q. Scott-Andrews, and Leah E. Robinson. "Perceived Physical Competence Predicts Gains in Children’s Locomotor but Not Ball Skills across an Intervention." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (2021): 5990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115990.

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The purpose of this pre/post experimental study was to examine if children’s perceived physical competence predicted changes in motor skills across an intervention. Sixty-seven children (Mage = 53.2 ± 3.7 months) participated in a 16-week, mastery-climate motor skill intervention. Perceived physical competence was assessed before the intervention using the physical competence subscale of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children. Motor skills were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3rd Edition before and after the intervention. Results

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Rechtik, Zdeněk. "Assesment of Gross Motor Skills as a Part of Child’s Physical Readiness for Compulsory School Attenadance." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 11a (2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i11a.3809.

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Children in the Czech Republic before the beginning of compulsory school attendance undergo assessment evaluating so called school readiness. The part of this evaluation is assessment of children’s biological, mental, social and emotional readiness for the demands of school education. The assessment of gross motor skills is an important part of this evaluation. But motor skills are also connected not only with academic achievement but also with physical activity in future lifestyle. Therefore is the aim of the research analysis of gross motor skills in pre-school children. The research group c

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Woodard, Rebecca J., and Paul R. Surburg. "Fundamental Gross Motor Skill Performance by Girls and Boys with Learning Disabilities." Perceptual and Motor Skills 84, no. 3 (1997): 867–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.84.3.867.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of fundamental gross motor skills by 10 girls and 10 boys, 7 yr. old, with learning disabilities. Their skills were assessed on the Test of Gross Motor Development. The boys achieved significantly higher mean scores than the girls on the subtests of Locomotor Skills and Object Control Skills, and on the Gross Motor Development Quotient.

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Jiménez Díaz, Judith, Walter Salazar Rojas, and María Morera. "Age and gender differences in fundamental motor skills (original version in English)." Pensar en Movimiento: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud 13, no. 2 (2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/pensarmov.v13i2.18327.

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Fundamental motor skills are the basis for participation in more advanced lifetime activities. Whereas considerable research has been reported on motor behavior of children, much less is known about performance in later years, especially adulthood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine age and gender differences on fundamental motor skills (FMS) ability across three age groups: children (M = 9.37 yr., SD = 1.26), adolescents (M = 14.80 yr., SD = 2.04) and young-adults (M = 19.88 yr., SD = 2.72). Participants (n = 114) were assessed on five locomotor skills (run, gallop, slide, hop, a

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Gu, Xiangli, Senlin Chen, and Xiaoxia Zhang. "Young Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Children’s Fundamental Motor Competence and Physical Activity Behaviors." Journal of Motor Learning and Development 7, no. 2 (2019): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2018-0003.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between fundamental motor skills (FMS; including locomotor and object-control skills), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary behavior among young Hispanic and non-Hispanic children. Using the prospective research design spanning one academic school year, we recruited 671 children (6.96 ± 1.6 years, 46% girls) from four primary schools in North Texas, 300 of whom were Hispanic and 371 non-Hispanic children, with 90% of the Hispanic and 74% of the non-Hispanic children from low-income families. All participants comp

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Yozu, Arito, Shigeru Obayashi, Katsumi Nakajima, and Yukihiro Hara. "Hemodynamic Response of the Supplementary Motor Area during Locomotor Tasks with Upright versus Horizontal Postures in Humans." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6168245.

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To understand cortical mechanisms related to truncal posture control during human locomotion, we investigated hemodynamic responses in the supplementary motor area (SMA) with quadrupedal and bipedal gaits using functional near-infrared spectroscopy in 10 healthy adults. The subjects performed three locomotor tasks where the degree of postural instability varied biomechanically, namely, hand-knee quadrupedal crawling (HKQuad task), upright quadrupedalism using bilateral Lofstrand crutches (UpQuad task), and typical upright bipedalism (UpBi task), on a treadmill. We measured the concentration of

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Valentini, Nadia C., Larissa W. Zanella, and E. Kipling Webster. "Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition: Establishing Content and Construct Validity for Brazilian Children." Journal of Motor Learning and Development 5, no. 1 (2017): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2016-0002.

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The Test of Gross Motor Development is used to identify children’s level of motor proficiency, specifically to detect motor delays. This study aimed to translate the TGMD-3 items and assess reliability and content and construct validity for the TGMD-3 in Brazil. A cross-cultural translation was used to generate a Brazilian Portuguese version of the TGMD-3. The validation process involved 33 professionals and 597 Brazilian children (ages 3–10) from the five main geographic regions of Brazil. The results confirmed language clarity and pertinence, as well as face validity of the TGMD-3. High intr

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Berghänel, Andreas, Oliver Schülke, and Julia Ostner. "Locomotor play drives motor skill acquisition at the expense of growth: A life history trade-off." Science Advances 1, no. 7 (2015): e1500451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500451.

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The developmental costs and benefits of early locomotor play are a puzzling topic in biology, psychology, and health sciences. Evolutionary theory predicts that energy-intensive behavior such as play can only evolve if there are considerable benefits. Prominent theories propose that locomotor play is (i) low cost, using surplus energy remaining after growth and maintenance, and (ii) beneficial because it trains motor skills. However, both theories are largely untested. Studying wild Assamese macaques, we combined behavioral observations of locomotor play and motor skill acquisition with quanti

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Roscoe, Clare M. P., Michael J. Duncan, and Cain C. T. Clark. "The 24-h Movement Compositions in Weekday, Weekend Day or Four-Day Periods Differentially Associate with Fundamental Movement Skills." Children 8, no. 10 (2021): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8100828.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between weekday, weekend day and four-day physical activity (PA) behaviours and fundamental movement skills (FMS) in British preschool children from a low socio-economic status background using compositional data analysis (CoDA). One hundred and eighty-five preschool children aged 3–4 years provided objectively assessed PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) data (GENEActiv accelerometer) and FMS (TGMD-2). The association of 24-h movement behaviours with FMS was explored using CoDA and isotemporal substitution (R Core Team, 3.6.1). When data w

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Queiroz, Daniel da Rocha, Alessandro Hervaldo Nicolai Ré, Rafael dos Santos Henrique, Mariana de Sousa Moura, and Maria Teresa Cattuzzo. "Participation in sports practice and motor competence in preschoolers." Motriz: Revista de Educação Física 20, no. 1 (2014): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742014000100004.

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Recent theoretical model suggests that motor competence during early childhood is related to one's current and future health status and that practicing sports seems to be playing a special role in creating such competence. This study aimed to compare performance in gross motor skills among preschoolers participating in regular sports practice (SP) and those not participating (NSP), including comparisons by gender. The study uses secondary data from a population-based study of performance regarding the locomotor and object control skills of preschoolers (3 to 5 years old). Preschoolers were ass

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Berkeley, Sheri L., Lauriece L. Zittel, Lisa V. Pitney, and Stacia E. Nichols. "Locomotor and Object Control Skills of Children Diagnosed with Autism." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 18, no. 4 (2001): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.18.4.405.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the locomotor and object control skills of children, ages 6–8 years, with autism and to compare their performances with the norms reported by Ulrich (1985) for the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD). Consistent with trends from the general population, differences were found between boys (n = 10) and girls (n = 5) with the largest differences found in the object control skill performances. Overall fundamental skill delays were demonstrated by 73% of all participants, placing them in the poor and very poor TGMD performance categories. These findings s

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Brantasari, Mahkamah. "BERMAIN SEPEDA UNTUK MELATIH KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK KASAR ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN." PENDAS MAHAKAM: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar 5, no. 2 (2020): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/pm.v5i2.648.

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Playing A Bike To Train The Rude Motor Ability Of Children Age 5-6 Years Old. During the Covid-19 pandemic, children with active characteristics will of course feel bored with games in the house that are less free. And children feel limited in exploring physical activities related to gross motor skills. Children at an early age are very important to carry out physical movements with the aim of stimulating the physical growth of children's motor skills, both fine and gross motor skills. To make children excited about doing physical activities, one of them is by inviting them to ride bikes toget

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Longmuir, Patricia E., Laura Banks, and Brian W. McCrindle. "Cross-sectional study of motor development among children after the Fontan procedure." Cardiology in the Young 22, no. 4 (2012): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104795111100206x.

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AbstractObjectivesTo determine the gross motor skills of school-aged children after the Fontan procedure and compare the locomotor and object control skills with normative data.Study designThis study followed a cross-sectional design.SettingThis study was based on hospital outpatient visit, with accelerometry conducted at home.PatientsThis study included 55 patients, including 22 girls in the age group of 6–10 years, 5.1 years after Fontan.Main outcome measuresTest of Gross Motor Development – Version 2, daily activity by accelerometer, medical history review, child and parent perceptions of a

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Courtine, Grégoire, Alessandro Marco De Nunzio, Micaela Schmid, Maria Vittoria Beretta, and Marco Schieppati. "Stance- and Locomotion-Dependent Processing of Vibration-Induced Proprioceptive Inflow From Multiple Muscles in Humans." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 1 (2007): 772–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00764.2006.

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We performed a whole-body mapping study of the effect of unilateral muscle vibration, eliciting spindle Ia firing, on the control of standing and walking in humans. During quiet stance, vibration applied to various muscles of the trunk-neck system and of the lower limb elicited a significant tilt in whole body postural orientation. The direction of vibration-induced postural tilt was consistent with a response compensatory for the illusory lengthening of the stimulated muscles. During walking, trunk-neck muscle vibration induced ample deviations of the locomotor trajectory toward the side oppo

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Pan, Chien-Yu, Chia-Liang Tsai, Chia-Hua Chu, Ming-Chih Sung, Chu-Yang Huang, and Wei-Ya Ma. "Effects of Physical Exercise Intervention on Motor Skills and Executive Functions in Children With ADHD: A Pilot Study." Journal of Attention Disorders 23, no. 4 (2015): 384–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054715569282.

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Objective: This study examined the effect of a 12-week table tennis exercise on motor skills and executive functions in children with ADHD. Method: Fifteen children with ADHD received the intervention, whereas 15 children with ADHD and 30 typically developing children did not. The Test of Gross Motor Development–2, Stroop, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were conducted before and after the intervention. Results: After the intervention, the ADHD training group scored significantly higher in the locomotor as well as object-control skills, Stroop Color–Word condition, and WCST total correc

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Lukashevich, U. A., U. U. Ponomarev, U. E. Mitskevich, et al. "The phenomenology of inertial kinematics in the structure of forming motor adaptations." Doklady BGUIR 18, no. 5 (2020): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2020-18-5-62-70.

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The aim of the study was to develop a methodology for assessing the state of motor adaptation at the level of the main joint elements of the locomotor system when performing postural deviations with inertial components in a group of healthy volunteers (n=24). To conduct the study we used the “Teslasuit” smart suit as a technology with a system of inertial measuring units. A virtual skeletal model of the subject’s body was reconstructed on the obtained quaternions for each direction of spatial displacement. Parameters of inertial kinematic were calculated by the Fast Fourier Transform in the fr

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Valentini, Nadia Cristina, Glauber Carvalho Nobre, Mariele Santayana de Souza, and Michael J. Duncan. "Are BMI, Self-Perceptions, Motor Competence, Engagement, and Fitness Related to Physical Activity in Physical Education Lessons?" Journal of Physical Activity and Health 17, no. 5 (2020): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2019-0532.

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Background: Higher levels of actual and perceived motor competence are purported to lead to participation in physical activity (PA). Whereas considerable work has been published regarding motor and perceived competence and body mass index (BMI), much less is known about the association of these variables considering PA and engagement in physical education settings—the focus of the present study. Method: In 600 children (aged 3–10 y), PA during physical education lessons, locomotor skills, object control skills, perceived competence, and BMI (study 1) were assessed. In a subsample of 149 childr

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Barnett, Lisa M., David R. Lubans, Anna Timperio, Jo Salmon, and Nicola D. Ridgers. "What is the Contribution of Actual Motor Skill, Fitness, and Physical Activity to Children’s Self-Perception of Motor Competence?" Journal of Motor Learning and Development 6, s2 (2018): S461—S473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2016-0076.

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This study aimed to examine the contribution of objective measures of physical fitness (musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory), physical activity, and motor skill to motor perception. A total of 122 children (63 boys) aged 8–11 years were assessed. Independent t-tests assessed sex differences in all variables. Two linear mixed models adjusted for sex and age were performed with perceived object control and locomotor skills (Pictorial Scale of the Perceived Movement Skill Competence for Young Children) as outcomes. Aerobic (multi-stage fitness test) and muscular fitness (long jump, grip strengt

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Manggau, Arifin, and Arifudin Usman. "Developing the Gross Motor Skills of Children by Simultaneously Training Them with Rhythmic Gymnastics." Journal of Educational Science and Technology (EST) 6, no. 2 (2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/est.v6i2.14459.

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The purposes of this study were (1) to describe the gross motor skills of children before and after being trained with rhythmic gymnastics, and (2) to identify the effect of rhythmic gymnastics on children’s gross motor skills. Approaches applied in this study were pre-experimental with one-group pretest - post-test design. The study involved 15 children from the B group of Pertiwi Kindergarten selected through a purposive sampling technique. The data were collected using a questionnaire, observation, and documentation. The research was carried out through some stages including planning, prete

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Estevan, Isaac, Javier Molina-García, Gavin Abbott, Steve J. Bowe, Isabel Castillo, and Lisa M. Barnett. "Evidence of Reliability and Validity for the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence in Spanish Children." Journal of Motor Learning and Development 6, s2 (2018): S205—S222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2016-0065.

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Perceived motor competence is a subdomain of perceived physical competence that is related to the practice of physical activity and motor skills. The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence (PMSC) assesses perceived motor competence (locomotor, object control, and active play skills) in children. The purpose of the present study was twofold: first, to translate the PMSC into Spanish and to test the reliability (internal consistency and test-retest) and construct validity of the aforementioned scale in a Spanish sample; second, to analyze children’s perception of motor competence

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Tchekalarova, Jana, Hana Kubova, and Pavel Mareš. "Postnatal caffeine exposure: effects on motor skills and locomotor activity during ontogenesis." Behavioural Brain Research 160, no. 1 (2005): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2004.11.018.

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Famelia, Ruri, Emi Tsuda, Syahrial Bakhtiar, and Jacqueline D. Goodway. "Relationships Among Perceived and Actual Motor Skill Competence and Physical Activity in Indonesian Preschoolers." Journal of Motor Learning and Development 6, s2 (2018): S403—S423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2016-0072.

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This study examined the feasibility of recruiting and collecting data of Indonesian preschooler’s fundamental motor skill (FMS) competence, perceived motor competence, and physical activity in school. A secondary purpose was to explore the relationship among perceived motor competence, FMS competence, school day physical activity behaviors, playground physical activity behaviors, and sex of Indonesian preschoolers from urban and rural environments. Preschoolers (N = 66; n = 35 rural, n = 31 urban) were evaluated on the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence (PMSC), Perceived Ph

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Brian, Ali, Farid Bardid, Lisa M. Barnett, Frederik J. A. Deconinck, Matthieu Lenoir, and Jacqueline D. Goodway. "Actual and Perceived Motor Competence Levels of Belgian and United States Preschool Children." Journal of Motor Learning and Development 6, s2 (2018): S320—S336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2016-0071.

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Purpose: The present study examined the motor competence of preschool children from Belgium and the United States (US), and the influence of perceived motor competence on actual motor competence. A secondary objective was to compare the levels of motor competence of Belgian and US children using the US norms of the Test of Gross Motor Development, Second Edition (TGMD-2). Methods: All participants (N = 326; ages 4–5 years) completed the TGMD-2 and the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence for Young Children. Results: Belgian children performed significantly higher on actual ob

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Merriman, William J., Beth E. Barnett, and Dave Isenberg. "A Preliminary Investigation of the Relationship between Language and Gross Motor Skills in Preschool Children." Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, no. 3_suppl (1995): 1211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.81.3f.1211.

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This study was undertaken to explore the relationship between language skills and gross-motor skills of 28 preschool children from two private pre-schools in New York City. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated for language (revised Preschool Language Scale) and gross motor (Test of Gross Motor Development) scores. Locomotor skills were significantly related to both auditory comprehension and verbal ability while object control scores did not correlate significantly with either language score. These results were discussed in terms of previous research and with referen

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Grillner, Sten, and Abdeljabbar El Manira. "Current Principles of Motor Control, with Special Reference to Vertebrate Locomotion." Physiological Reviews 100, no. 1 (2020): 271–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00015.2019.

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The vertebrate control of locomotion involves all levels of the nervous system from cortex to the spinal cord. Here, we aim to cover all main aspects of this complex behavior, from the operation of the microcircuits in the spinal cord to the systems and behavioral levels and extend from mammalian locomotion to the basic undulatory movements of lamprey and fish. The cellular basis of propulsion represents the core of the control system, and it involves the spinal central pattern generator networks (CPGs) controlling the timing of different muscles, the sensory compensation for perturbations, an

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Mille, Marie-Laure, Martin Simoneau, and Mark W. Rogers. "Postural dependence of human locomotion during gait initiation." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 12 (2014): 3095–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00436.2014.

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The initiation of human walking involves postural motor actions for body orientation and balance stabilization that must be effectively integrated with locomotion to allow safe and efficient transport. Our ability to coordinately adapt these functions to environmental or bodily changes through error-based motor learning is essential to effective performance. Predictive compensations for postural perturbations through anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) that stabilize mediolateral (ML) standing balance normally precede and accompany stepping. The temporal sequencing between these events ma

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Hasmawaty, Hasmawaty. "Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Melalui Kegiatan Bermain Tradisional Akdende-Dende Pada TK. Yafqaeda Kota Makassar." JIKAP PGSD: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kependidikan 2, no. 1 (2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jkp.v1i2.5276.

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. Implementation of rough motor learning activities through play activities in kindergarten. Yafqaeda Kecamatan Biringkanaya Kota Makassar is not yet optimal. The purpose of this study is to find out how the increase in gross motor skills of students Group B TK.Yafqaeda Kecamatan Biringkanaya Makassar City through the traditional game Akdende-dende. The type of research is classroom action research, which consists of the planning stage, the implementation of learning activities, observation, and reflection. Observations were made for the abusive motor abilities of a child that included locomot

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Chen, Li-Chiou, Wan-Chun Su, Tzu-Lin Ho, et al. "Postural Control and Interceptive Skills in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder." Physical Therapy 99, no. 9 (2019): 1231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzz084.

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Abstract Background Increasing evidence shows common motor deficits associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that can relate to impaired planning and control processes of the sensorimotor system. Catching is a fundamental motor skill that requires coordination between vision, posture, and arm movements. Although postural control and ball catching have been shown to be impaired in children with ASD, previous studies have not investigated how these components are integrated. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the sensorimotor control of arm movements and postural adju

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Evaggelinou, Christina, Nikolaos Tsigilis, and Areti Papa. "Construct Validity of the Test of Gross Motor Development: A Cross-Validation Approach." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 19, no. 4 (2002): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.19.4.483.

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This study was designed to examine the underlying structure of the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) in Ulrich (1985). The TGMD was administered to 644 children who were randomly divided into two groups (calibration group and validation group). The calibration group (n = 324) included 150 boys and 174 girls, and the validation group included 160 boys and 160 girls, ranging from 3 to 10 years. A two-factor model was postulated and supported. According to the model, seven variables measuring children’s ability for moving into space loaded on one factor (locomotor skills), while five variabl

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CHOW, Bik Chu, and Lily CHAN. "Gross Motor Skills of Hong Kong Preschool Children." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 17, no. 1 (2011): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.171890.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. The purpose of this study was to determine the gender difference in gross motor performance of Hong Kong preschool children. The secondary purposes were to determine whether there was a relationship between body mass index and motor performance as well as to determine the influence of preschool types (large play area vs. small play area) on the motor performance of preschool children. A total of 239 children (121 boys, 118 girls) aged 3 to 6 years from two types of preschools was assessed on locomotor and object control

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WONG, Allison Ka Yee, and Siu Yin CHEUNG. "Gross Motor Skills Performance of Hong Kong Chinese Children." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 12, no. 2 (2006): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.121132.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The purpose of this study was to provide normative information regarding gross motor skills performance of Hong Kong Chinese children. The Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2; Ulrich, 2000) was administered to 1251 participants (N = 1251). After preliminary data screening, a total of 1228 cases (N = 1228) were used for further analysis. Mean scores of locomotor subtest, object control subtest and the total scale of the TGMD-2 indicated that the mastery level of gross motor skills tended to follow an age trend. Norm-refere

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Marshall, J. Dru, and Marcel Bouffard. "Obesity and Movement Competency in Children." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 11, no. 3 (1994): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.11.3.297.

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The primary purpose of this study was to document the actual gross movement competencies, as measured by the Test of Gross Motor Development, in obese versus nonobese children. A 2 Gender (male, female) × 2 Groups (obese, nonobese) × 2 Age Categories (Grade 1, Grade 4) × 2 Programs (quality daily physical education [QDPE], non-QDPE) completely randomized factorial design was used. A significant three-way interaction effect (Group × Age × Program) was found for the Locomotor Skills subscale, such that the difference in movement competency in locomotor skills between obese and nonobese children

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Brian, Ali, Angela Starrett, Adam Pennell, et al. "Longitudinal Locomotor Competence and Body Mass Index Across Self-Reported Gender and Vision Level for Youth With Visual Impairments: A 3-Year Investigation." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 38, no. 2 (2021): 268–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2020-0082.

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Youth with visual impairments are more likely to be overweight than peers without visual impairments and often struggle with their locomotor skills. Locomotor development can combat unhealthy body weight statuses by supporting physical activity behaviors. There are no longitudinal investigations concerning the locomotor skill and body mass index (BMI) developmental trajectories of youth with visual impairments. The purpose of this study was to examine the 3-year developmental trajectory of the locomotor skills and BMI of youth with visual impairments including differential effects of self-repo

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