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Journal articles on the topic 'Postwar reconstruction Japan'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

notoji, masako. "The Gendered Reconstruction of Postwar Japan." Diplomatic History 33, no. 4 (September 2009): 759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7709.2009.00810.x.

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2

Itagaki, Akira. "OPPOSITION TO CAR IMPORTS IN POSTWAR RECONSTRUCTION JAPAN." Keiei Shigaku (Japan Business History Review) 38, no. 3 (2003): 48–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5029/bhsj.38.3_48.

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3

Kingsberg, Miriam. "Methamphetamine Solution: Drugs and the Reconstruction of Nation in Postwar Japan." Journal of Asian Studies 72, no. 1 (February 2013): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911812001787.

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This article introduces the 1952–56hiroponcrisis, Japan's sole major domestic experience with illegal drugs, and the world's first methamphetamine “epidemic.” In the early postwar years,hiroponaddiction came to symbolize the dependent, traumatized state of a defeated Japan. This ideological significance made the eradication ofhiropona leading public issue, mobilizing the Japanese government, medical establishment, and social actors such as educators, parents, neighborhood associations, the media, and others. The process of eliminating methamphetamine restored public confidence and agency, and created a new identity for Japan as a cosmopolitan, independent nation. Unlike drugs in other contexts,hiroponwas not embedded in the postwar political economy or culture, making possible its swift suppression. However, resolution of the methamphetamine crisis also sowed the seeds of its recrudescence in the 1970s. The ongoing “second stimulants epidemic,” reflecting consumption patterns typical of developed nations, has proven resistant to solution.
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4

Caprio, Mark E. "American Foreign Policy and Postwar Reconstruction: Comparing Japan and Iraq." Journal of Cold War Studies 16, no. 4 (October 2014): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_r_00496.

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5

Steele, M. William. "The Making of a Bicycle Nation." Transfers 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 70–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2012.020206.

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Japan is one of the great bicycle nations of the world, ranking alongside the Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark in terms of per capita bicycle ownership and use. This article reviews the history and characteristics of Japan as a bicycle nation. It examines the emergence of a distinctive bicycle culture that offered personal mobility to ordinary people in prewar Japan and traces the contribution of the bicycle to postwar Japan's social and economic development. It reviews postwar bicycle history in: the period of reconstruction and recovery (1945-1956); the period of high economic growth (1957-1973); the period of rapid motorization (1974-1991); and the period of raised environmental consciousness (1992-present). The conclusion seeks to offer reasons for the persistence of Japan's vibrant and pervasive bicycle culture.
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6

Yaguchi, Yujin. "Japanese Reinvention of Self through Hawai‘i’s Japanese Americans." Pacific Historical Review 83, no. 2 (November 2012): 333–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2014.83.2.333.

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This article investigates the relationship between Asian American and modern Japanese history by analyzing the image of Japanese Americans in postwar Japan. Based on a book of photographs featuring Japanese immigrants in Hawai‘i published in 1956, it analyzes how their image was appropriated and redefined in Japan to promote as well as reinforce the nation’s political and cultural alliance with the United States. The photographs showed the successful acculturation of Japanese in Hawai‘i to the larger American society and urged the Japanese audience to see that their nation’s postwar reconstruction would come through the power and protection of the United States. Japanese Americans in Hawai‘i served as a lens through which the Japanese in Japan could imagine their position under American hegemony in the age of Cold War.
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7

Garner, Karen. "Global Feminism and Postwar Reconstruction: The World YWCA Visitation to Occupied Japan, 1947." Journal of World History 15, no. 2 (2004): 191–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2004.0019.

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8

Gottfried, Heidi, and David Fasenfest. "Understanding the Trajectory of Japanese Capitalism." Critical Sociology 47, no. 1 (August 3, 2020): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920520944465.

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How can we understand the trajectory of Japanese capitalism? This Afterword situates Japan on a broad canvas stretching across both the region and the globe. East Asia’s regional dynamics figure prominently, shaping the trajectory of Japanese capitalism not only in the formative Age of Empire and postwar reconstruction, but also in the emergent Asian Century. An historical examination of geo-politics highlights imperial entanglements and both the routes and the roots of capitalist development in Japan. This discussion begins by setting the stage of post-World War II Japan, elaborating on the reproductive bargain that characterizes Japan’s political economy, investigating the importance of national identity as it informs who can participate in Japan’s economy, revealing the underbelly of contemporary Japan, discussing forces for change, and revisiting the methodological approach used to understand Japanese capitalism.
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9

Tozer, Luke. "The Japanese House." Architectural Research Quarterly 21, no. 3 (September 2017): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135913551700032x.

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Western fascination with Japan and Japanese design is long established. The popularity of the recent exhibition The Japanese House: Architecture and Life After 1945 at London's Barbican illustrates that this fascination remains. This ‘blockbuster’ review of postwar domestic Japanese Architecture, supported by The Japan Foundation and previously hosted at MAXXI, National Museum of 21st Century Arts, Rome, responds to an enormous challenge: to try to account for the range and diversity of architectural approaches to domestic design within the broader contexts of traditional Japanese architecture and national life after 1945.The seven decades covered in the exhibition span postwar reconstruction, rapid economic expansion, bubble-era boom and bust, and deflationary stagnation, brought up to the present day. Material is organised ‘genealogically’ rather than chronologically, drawing together certain threads and traditions. It makes connections across time periods to suggest how the design of the Japanese house has dealt with sociological changes over this period, from the fracturing of the nuclear family and an increase in single-person households to an ageing population.
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10

YAMAZUMI, Katsuhiro. "Inexpressible Memories and Learning for Reconstruction : Between the Major Earthquake Disasters in Postwar in Japan." Educational Studies in Japan 7 (2013): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7571/esjkyoiku.7.21.

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11

Hein, Carola. "Urban Reconstruction in Britain and Japan, 1945-1955: Dreams, Plans and Realities, and: Housing in Postwar Japan: A Social History (review)." Journal of Japanese Studies 30, no. 2 (2004): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jjs.2004.0062.

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12

SKARPELIS, A. K. M. "War and Health Insurance Policy in Japan and the United States: World War II to Postwar Reconstruction." Social Science Japan Journal 17, no. 1 (December 28, 2013): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyt035.

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13

Oliinyk, O. "JAPANESE "ECONOMIC MIRACLE": HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY IN THE PERIOD OF 1945–1991." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 148 (2021): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2021.148.8.

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The article presents the experience of Japan in the post-war reconstruction of the country in the period 1945–1991. The socio-economic situation of the country after the Second World War was considered. The historical stages of the country's development in the period under study are determined. The historical conditions in which the country found itself in the postwar period are analyzed. Key historical figures who influenced the development of the country were identified. The directions and measures of reforming and development of the country are revealed and presented. The importance of external factors and foreign policy for the country's assertion on the world stage has been proved. The factors of creating an effective political system, effective public administration, sustainable social and human development are formulated. It was proved that the United States has played an important role in forcing both Japan's political and economic systems. The United States provided Japan with significant financial, economic, and food aid to Japan. During the war between the United States and Korea and Vietnam, the United States placed military orders in Japan, which contributed to the development of the country's industrial base. It was found that the quality of the labor force, its general education and professional level played an extremely important role in the reconstruction of the economy. The effective state regulation of economic development in Japan, which on the one hand was aimed at developing the civil sector of the economy, and on the other at concentrating efforts on cooperation between government and private business at the stage of developing solutions to economic development, played a critical role in "Japanese miracle".
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14

Multhauf, Robert P., Hideo Yoshikawa, and Joanne Kauffman. "Science Has No National Borders: Harry C. Kelly and the Reconstruction of Science and Technology in Postwar Japan." Technology and Culture 36, no. 4 (October 1995): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3106944.

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15

Yoshikawa, Hideo, Joanne Kauffman, and Stanley Goldberg. "Science Has No National Borders: Harry C. Kelly and the Reconstruction of Science and Technology in Postwar Japan." Physics Today 48, no. 9 (September 1995): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2808166.

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16

Suzuki, Akihito. "War and Health Insurance Policy in Japan and the United States: World War II to Postwar Reconstruction by Takakazu Yamagishi." Journal of Japanese Studies 40, no. 1 (2014): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jjs.2014.0006.

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17

Inkster, Ian. "Science Has No National Borders: Harry C. Kelly and the Reconstruction of Science and Technology in Postwar Japan. Hideo Yoshikawa , Joanne Kauffman , Masao Yoshida." Isis 87, no. 4 (December 1996): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/357706.

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18

Kasza, Gregory J. "War and Health Insurance Policy in Japan and the United States: World War II to Postwar Reconstruction. By Takakazu Yamagishi. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011. xvi, 189 pp. $60.00 (cloth)." Journal of Asian Studies 74, no. 3 (August 2015): 758–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911815000856.

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19

Buntrock, Dana. "Review: Project Japan: Metabolism Talks … by Rem Koolhaas and Hans Ulrich Obrist; Kayoko Ota and James Westcott, eds.; Metaborisumu nekusasu by Hajime Yatsuka; Metabolism: The City of the Future; Dreams and Visions of Reconstruction in Postwar and Present-Day Japan by Mori Art Museum." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 72, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2013.72.2.256.

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20

Grossman, Kyle. "Authors and Soldiers: Reconstructing History in Postwar Japan." Five 1, no. 1 (2012): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5642/five.20120101.4.

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21

Hiromasa, Naohiko. "Hideo Yoshikawa and Joanne Kauffman. Science has no National Borders: Harry C. Kelly and the Reconstruction of Science in Postwar Japan. Cambridge, MA and London: MIT Press, 1994. Pp. xvii + 137. ISBN 0-262-24037-8. £19.95, $29.95." British Journal for the History of Science 28, no. 3 (September 1995): 368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400033331.

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22

Murray, John E. "War and Health Insurance Policy in Japan and the United States: World War II to Postwar Reconstruction. ByTakakazu Yamagishi. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011. xviii + 189 pp. Figures, bibliography, notes, index. Cloth, $60.00. ISBN: 978-1-4214-0068-6." Business History Review 86, no. 4 (2012): 856–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680512001717.

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23

Sato, Shunichi. "Urban Renewal for Earthquake-Proof Systems." Journal of Disaster Research 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2006): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2006.p0095.

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In the latter half of the twentieth century we have cities with a population of ten million or more and highly developed rapid transit and freeways. By December 1972, the total population of Tokyo, the Capital of Japan, had grown to 11.6 million. Tokyo, standing with New York City, Shanghai, and London, is now one of the world's largest cities. In the Japan islands, people are moving to bigger cities on a large scale. This may be concluded from the fact that the economic miracle transformed a battered Japan into one of the greatest industrial nations of the world during the last decade. Economic and industrial activity was concentrated in limited areas, especially on the outskirts of large cities which furnished the consumer markets and in the built-up town areas which envelop minor enterprises allied with big industries. As the nation's largest city and its capital, it was only natural that Tokyo's postwar population growth should have outpaced the rest of the country, because it was the center of the world's highest national economic growth. Tokyo also now plays an important role as a center of political power as in it are concentrated the legislative bodies, the judiciary, and the natural administration. The fact that today's national activities in every field including culture and economy are related to the central political activity accerates the centralization of head offices of enterprises in Tokyo where they can best cope with the economic policy of the government. The number of publications from Tokyo, for example, is 80 per cent of the national total. Tokyo is the center of the country. This centralization brings us much benefit and at the same time it exerts an evil influence. Tokyo is suffering from urban problems such as pollution, traffic congestion, housing shortages, etc. which are also major problems in the other big cities in the world. The rapidity of the centralization of people and industries in Tokyo has made matters worse. An administrative report of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government analyzes the situation as follows, "An emergence of super high buildings and coiling freeways in the center of Tokyo has dramatically changed it into a modernized city, but at the same time the change has brought about the by-products of air pollution and traffic jams that threaten our daily life and health. Housing shortages, commuter congestion and rising prices are also detrimental to the goal of a happy citizenry". In November 1972, the World Conference of Great Cities was held in Tokyo; when the Tokyo Declaration was announced stating, "we cannot deny the fact that science and technology which have brought about many benefits to human beings are also having destructive effects in the large cities," it was enough to remind each participant of the seriousness of their urban problems. There is also a saying, "city planning in the twentieth century is a fight against cars and slums." Indeed the city is product of civilized society and it fares well or ill coincidentally with changes in economy and society supported by the civilization. One must not forget that the main host of a city is neither industry nor machinery, but human beings. A city is a settlement designed for human beings. Therefore we must discharge our duty without delay to fight under given conditions for urban reconstruction with co-existing residential, industrial, and commercial zoning making a comfortable city in which to live and work. We can easily imagine the dreadful damage an overcrowded Tokyo will suffer during a great earthquake. The experience of ruinous damage brought about by repeated earthquakes in the past tells us that the continuing sprawl and overcrowding of Tokyo will undoubtedly increase the danger. Even the newest scientific technology cannot prevent earthquakes. We must, therefore, recognize that it is not the mischief of nature, but the easygoing attitude of people that brings much of the ruin and damage by earthquakes. That means that peoples' efforts have been the minimum, and so we are now meeting the challenge of reorganization of the functions and structures of Tokyo from the civil engineering point of view with human wisdom, courage, and technology.
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24

Lee, Kan. "The “China Lobby” in Tokyo: The Struggle of China’s Mission in Japan for General Douglas MacArthur’s Military Assistance in the Chinese Civil War, 1946-1949." Journal of Chinese Military History 8, no. 1 (May 17, 2019): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22127453-12341338.

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Abstract The Chinese Mission in Japan, which existed from 1946 until Japan regained its sovereignty as a result of the San Francisco Peace Treaty in 1952, represented the Republic of China in working with the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) in reconstructing postwar Japan. The original objective of the Chinese Mission was to serve as the government’s agency to carry out the repatriation of Japanese troops and civilians from China in coordination with the Allies, secure war reparations from Japan, and try war criminals. However, as President Harry S. Truman terminated US aid to China in 1947 and Guomindang (GMD) military fortunes in the Chinese Civil War declined under the command of Chiang Kai-shek, the Chinese Mission was given an additional assignment: to lobby General Douglas MacArthur to secure military assistance from SCAP. This essay discusses the interaction between the Chinese Mission and General MacArthur during the Chinese Civil War from 1946 to 1949 and examines the way in which the Chinese Mission persuaded him to play a role in the Civil War. This study argues that although it was in opposition to Washington, MacArthur’s determination to assist Chiang Kai-shek was in great part due to the strenuous lobbying of the Chinese Mission in Tokyo. Although MacArthur’s intervention could not reverse the final outcome of the Chinese Civil War, his anti-Communist outlook was formed and played a significant role during the Korean War a year later.
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25

Walker, Scott. "The Contingent Nature of Democracy PromotionBridouxJ. (2011) American Foreign Policy and Postwar Reconstruction: Comparing Japan and Iraq. Abingdon: Routledge.BurnellP. and SchlumbergerO. (eds) (2012) International Politics and National Political Regimes: Promoting Democracy: Promoting Autocracy. Abingdon: Routledge.ZanottiL. (2011) Governing Disorder: UN Peace Operations, International Security, and Democratization in the Post-Cold War Era. University Park PA: Penn State University Press." Political Studies Review 13, no. 1 (October 18, 2013): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1478-9302.12032.

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26

"Science has no national borders: Harry C. Kelly and the reconstruction of science and technology in postwar Japan." Choice Reviews Online 32, no. 06 (February 1, 1995): 32–3288. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.32-3288.

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27

"Science Has No National Borders: Harry C. Kelly and the Reconstruction of Science and Technology in Postwar Japan, Hideo Yoshikawa and Joanne Kauffman. 1994. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. 160 pages. ISBN: 0-262-24037-8. $22.50." Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 16, no. 1-2 (February 1996): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027046769601600135.

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28

Weiß, Tobias. "Elements of Max Weber’s model of rationalization in the political analysis of Maruyama Masao." Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques, May 20, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asia-2019-0034.

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Abstract Maruyama Masao was one of the most influential political theorists and social scientists in postwar Japan. Many of his works were translated into other languages and his theories are still often discussed in fields like the history of ideas and in political science. In this paper, some theoretical elements in Maruyama’s work borrowed from Max Weber’s sociology of religion, notably his theory of ethical development and its relation to the sociology of law and the political sociology are scrutinized. Reconstructing these links enables us to better understand Maruyama’s theoretical approach. For this purpose, first, Weber’s model of ethical development is explicated, and, second, its influence in three of Maruyama’s influential texts are highlighted.
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