Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Potassium nitrate'
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Centurier-Harris, Jonathan Peter. "Studies in the crystallisation behaviour of Potassium Nitrate." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5363.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references.
The work detailed in this report forms part of a continued effort in the area of industrial crystallisation research carried out within a multi-disciplinary project group. The Universal Instrumentation and Automation of Crystallisers (UNIAK) group is a co-operation between the Chemical and Mechanical Engineering departments, based in the Laboratory for Process Equipment at Delft University of Technology.
Le, Bot Jacques. "Diurnal uptake of nitrate and potassium by tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) plants." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303443.
Full textZheng, Yue [Verfasser]. "Functional analysis of the nitrate/potassium transporter NPF7.3/NRT1.5 in Arabidopsis thaliana / Yue Zheng." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205737340/34.
Full textTanamati, Fábio Yomei [UNESP]. "Nitrogênio e potássio em cobertura na nutrição e produtividade do alho vernalizado livre de vírus e qualidade do alho minimamente processado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/146744.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O alho é uma hortaliça utilizada como condimento e como planta medicinal. O Brasil é um importante produtor/consumidor desta hortaliça, entretanto a produção nacional é insuficiente e portanto importa de quase 60% do alho consumido. Práticas precisas de manejo na produção e pós-colheita precisas podem resultar em economia na produção, aumento da produtividade e qualidade. Entre as práticas de manejo destaca-se a fertilização destaca-se pela influência direta na produção do alho e constituir um dos principais itens do custo de produção. Após a colheita a deterioração do alho minimamente processado (produto com maior valor agregado) pode ser diminuída através do armazenamento em temperatura controlada e atmosfera modificada. Com o objetivo de avaliar e documentar as melhores fontes e doses de nitrogênio e fontes potássio, bem como o melhor método para o armazenamento do alho minimamente processado foram conduzidos três ensaios que serão apresentados em três capítulos, sendo o primeiro intitulado “Fontes de nitrogênio e potássio sob a produtividade e nutrição mineral do alho”, o segundo capítulo intitulado “Produtividade e nutrição mineral do alho sob diferentes doses de nitrogênio e fontes de potássio”, e o terceiro capítulo intitulado “Efeito de diferentes temperaturas e atmosfera modificada sob as características qualitativas do alho minimamente processado”. Concluiu- se a) Diferentes fontes de N e K podem ser combinadas para a obtenção de máxima produção de alho comercial, b) o teor de nutrientes do alho não é influenciado pelas fontes de N e K ao ponto de constituir um fator crítico à produtividade do alho, c) Recomenda-se a dose 80 kg ha -1 de N como forma de obtenção de máxima eficiência do fertilizante e produtiva do alho vernalizado livre de vírus cv. Caçador, d) Não houve diferenças significativas na produção do alho acima da dose 80 kg ha -1 de N, a partir desta dose, o acúmulo de nutrientes no bulbo, de forma geral, foi inferior nos tratamentos K2SO4, e) baixa temperatura e atmosfera modificada contribuem significativamente para a manutenção da qualidade do alho minimamente processado, f) embalagem a vácuo mantém uma atmosfera consistentes em uma maior gama de temperaturas, g) as atmosferas modificadas com alto teor de CO2 podem influenciar a diminuição do valor de L* durante o armazenamento, h) a pungência do alho é mais bem conservada em embalagens a vácuo.
Garlic is used as a spice and as a medicinal plant, Brazil is an important producer/ consumer of this herb, however small domestic production stimulates import of about 60% the garlic consumed in this country. Management practices in the production and accurate post-harvest can result in savings in production and increasing in yield and quality. Among the management practices, fertilization is distinguished by its direct influence on the production of garlic and constitute one of the main cost items of production and postharvest deterioration of minimally processed garlic (product with higher added value) can be reduced by storing in controlled and modified atmosphere temperature. In order to assess and document the best sources and doses of nitrogen and potassium sources, as well as the more suitable storage method for fresh-peeled garlic we carried out three tests that will be presented in three chapters, the first entitled "Yield and mineral nutrition of vernalized virus free garlic in response to nitrogen and potassium sources topdressing" the second chapter entitled "Yield and mineral nutrition of garlic in response to nitrogen doses and potassium sources topdressing”, "Quality changes in fresh-peeled garlic cloves in relation to storage temperatures and modified atmospheres". From these assays we concluded that a) Different sources of N and K may be combined to obtain maximum production of commercial garlic, b) the garlic mineral content is not influenced by the sources of N and K to be considered a critical factor to garlic productivity, c) 80 kg ha -1 of N is the best way to obtain both maximum fertilizer efficiency and productive of virus free vernalizated garlic cultivar Caçador, d) from the dose 80 kg ha -1 , the lowest accumulation of nutrients in the bulb in SKO treatments suggests that potassium sulfate, alleviates possible effects of toxicity caused by excess NH4 + and reduces minerals export for bulb and thereby the ground, e) both low temperature and modified atmosphere significantly contribute to the maintenance of the quality of fresh-peeled garlic, f) vacuum packaging maintains an atmosphere consistent across a wider range of temperatures, g) modified atmospheres with high CO2 content can influence the decrease in L* value during storage, h) garlic pungency is better preserved in vacuum packaging.
Sane, Mukta. "Role of Large Conductance, Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels (BKCa) in Vasorelaxation of Nitrate Tolerant Mesenteric Arteries." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25665.
Full textGalbraith, S. D. "The response of potassium chloride (KCl), ammonium nitrate (AN) solutions and emulsion explosives to plate impact loading." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599271.
Full textEngland, Robert A. "A computer-controlled system for measuring rates of uptake of potassium, nitrate and phosphate by whole plants." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293864.
Full textSouza, Larissa Alves de Lima e., and 92-99129-7166. "Diferentes concentrações de nitrato de potássio na sensibilidade ao clareamento dentário de consultório: estudo clínico randomizado." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2018. https://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/6302.
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FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
The aim of this controlled, randomized, blinded clinical study was to evaluate the absolute risk, sensitivity intensity and color change to dental bleaching in adults, in the application of different gels based on potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride, from a prospective randomized clinical trial. For this study were selected 78 volunteers who had an equal allocation rate between the groups (G1-control and G2-experimental). In both groups, the different desensitizing gels were applied to the vestibular surface of the anterior superior teeth with the aid of a tray, remaining in position according to the time specified by the manufacturers. In the control group, a gel based on 5% potassium nitrate and 2% sodium fluoride was used, whereas in the experimental group, the gel was based on 3% potassium nitrate and 0.25% sodium fluoride. After removal the desensitizing gel, both groups were submitted to bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide gel for 40 minutes. Patients recorded the occurrence or non-occurrence of dental sensitivity (DS) in a sensitivity diary for 48 hours. The Verbal Evaluation Scale (VES) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used for pain assessment. The valueswere organized into two categories: percentage of patients who presented DS at some time of treatment (absolute risk of sensitivity) and DS intensity. To evaluate the color before the first bleaching session, and after 7, 14 and 28 days, two methods were used: objective evaluation using the spectrophotometer and subjective evaluation using two color scales: Vita Classical and Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER. Data analysis followed the intent-to-treat protocol and involved all randomly allocated participants. The absolute risk of SD was compared using the chi-square test. The McNemar test was used to compare the intensity of SD. The paired Student t test was used to compare the color change. The level of significance in all tests was 5%. Significant bleaching was observed in both groups after 30 days of initial clinical evaluation. The use of different desensitizers in trays did not influence absolute risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity (p> 0.05), although a lower tendency of dental sensitivity risk has been observed for patients who used the nitrate pre-filled tray of potassium and fluorine (experimental group).
O objetivo desse estudo clínico controlado, aleatorizado e cego foi avaliar o risco absoluto, intensidade da sensibilidade e alteração de cor ao clareamento dentário em adultos, na aplicação de diferentes géis à base de nitrato de potássio e fluoreto de sódio, a partir de um estudo prospectivo clínico randomizado. Foram selecionados, para esse estudo, 78 voluntários que tiveram igual taxa de alocação entre os grupos (G1-controle e G2-experimental). Em ambos os grupos, os diferentes géis dessensibilizantes foram aplicados na superfície vestibular dos dentes anterossuperiores com o auxílio de uma moldeira, permanecendo em posição de acordo com o tempo especificado pelos fabricantes. No grupo controle, foi utilizado um gel à base de nitrato de potássio 5% e fluoreto de sódio 2%, enquanto que no grupo experimental, o gel foi à base de nitrato de potássio 3% e fluoreto de sódio 0,11%. Após remoção do gel dessensibilizante, ambos os grupos foram submetidos ao clareamento com gel de peróxido de hidrogênio 40% durante 40 minutos (duas aplicações de 20 minutos). Os pacientes registraram a ocorrência ou não de sensibilidade dentária (SD) em um diário de sensibilidade durante 48 horas. Foram adotadas para avaliação da dor: a Escala de Avaliação Verbal (VRS) e a Escala Visual Analógica (VAS). Os valores foram organizados em duas categorias: percentual de pacientes que apresentaram SD em algum momento do tratamento (risco absoluto de sensibilidade) e intensidade da SD. Para avaliação da cor antes da primeira sessão de clareamento, e após 7, 14 e 28 dias, foram utilizados dois métodos: avaliação objetiva usando o espectrofotômetro e avaliação subjetiva usando duas escalas de cor: Vita Classical e Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER. A análise dos dados seguiu o protocolo de intenção de tratar e envolveu todos os participantes alocados aleatoriamente. O risco absoluto de SD foi comparado usando o teste Qui-quadrado. O teste McNemar foi utilizado para comparar a intensidade da SD. Já o teste t Student emparelhado foi utilizado para comparar a alteração de cor. O nível de significância adotado em todos os testes foi de 5%. Foi observado um clareamento significativo, em ambos os grupos, após 30 dias da avaliação clínica inicial. O uso de diferentes dessensibilizantes em moldeiras não influenciou o risco absoluto e a intensidade da sensibilidade dentária (p > 0.05), apesar de ter sido observado uma menor tendência do risco de sensibilidade dentária para os pacientes que fizeram uso da moldeira pré-carregada com nitrato de potássio e flúor (grupo experimental).
Crane, Kristy Susanne. "Pressurized Hot Water: An Alternative Method of Nutrient Extraction and Subsequent Analysis for Use in Small-Scale Agriculture." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd495.pdf.
Full textAlShehri, Abdullah. "Effect of innovative double layer treatment on tooth color change and nitrate penetration." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3039.
Full textAnzai, Hiroki. "Evaluation of nutrient flows in animal production in the southeastern basin of Dianchi Lake, Yunnan Province, China." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215594.
Full textKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第19768号
農博第2164号
新制||農||1040(附属図書館)
学位論文||H28||N4984(農学部図書室)
32804
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 廣岡 博之, 教授 松井 徹, 教授 稲村 達也
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Viana, Eloise Mello. "Interação de nitrogênio e potássio na nutrição, no teor de clorofila e na atividade da redutase do nitrato de plantas de trigo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-31072007-094902/.
Full textThe knowledge about plant nutrition allows managing crop systems in order to improve the nitrogen use efficiency. Supplying potassium to plants stimulates the efficiency use of nitrogen through plant uptake and assimilation, consequently increasing crop yields. Based on these facts, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined rates of nitrogen and potassium on the nutrition, chlorophyll content, and nitrate reductase activity in wheat (Triticum aestivumaestivum L.) plants. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Soil Science Department of the ESALQ/USP in Piracicaba State of São Paulo, Brazil. Three-liter pots were filled with 0-20 cm depth samples of Arenic Hapludult. A fractionated 52 factorial was used, with combinations of five nitrogen rates (0; 70; 140; 210 e 280 mg dm-3) and five potassium rates (0; 50; 100; 150 e 200 mg dm-3), which were set in a randomized block design with four replications. Thirty days after seeding SPAD values readings were taken on the leaves. Nitrate reductase activity was determined seventy-nine days after seeding and one day later plants were harvested and separated in shoot, roots, and ears. These plant materials were weighted and submitted to nutrient content and accumulation of nitrogen and potassium. Statistical analyses were performed by means of SAS software. Results presented that the balance between nitrogen and potassium supplies was essential to adequate wheat plant growth. It was clear that the combination of nitrogen and potassium rates had a positive influence on wheat dry mass yield as well as on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and sulphur contents in plant shoot. Nitrogen was essential to maintain adequate magnesium content in plant tissues. The interaction between nitrogen and potassium rates was important for plant yield and ear nitrogen content. Potassium content in the ears was affected only by nitrogen rates. Root dry matter yield increased with rates of nitrogen and potassium. Nitrogen, magnesium and sulphur contents in the roots were influenced only by nitrogen application. Potassium concentration in the roots reduced and calcium concentration increased with nitrogen rates according to a quadratic equation. Potassium supply caused linear decreases in magnesium content of shoots and roots. Nitrogen increased nitrate reductase activity up to the medium rates of application and reduced for the highest rates. Chlorophyll content in the leaves was influenced by the interaction between nitrogen and potassium rates, reflecting on the dry matter yield of plant shoot and ears, as well as on nitrogen accumulation in the wheat plants.
Михайловський, Яків Емануілович, Яков Эммануилович Михайловский, Yakiv Emanuilovych Mykhailovskyi, and А. Н. Ушакова. "Особенности кристализации в производстве конверсионного нитрата калия." Thesis, Изд-во СумГУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/5676.
Full textCabral, Fábio Félix. "Qualidade fisiológica, determinação do teor de água e armazenamento de sementes de cana-de-açúcar provenientes de diferentes cruzamentos." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2008. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/214.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A cana-de-açúcar é uma cultura que apresenta expressão econômica relevante no Brasil e deve ter a demanda de produção aumentada nos próximos anos. A utilização de variedades melhoradas geneticamente, provenientes de sementes botânicas oriundas de hibridações, tem sido uma das formas mais rápidas e eficientes de se elevar a produtividade da cultura. Baseado na sua importância para o processo de melhoramento, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos estudar a qualidade fisiológica, determinação do teor de água e armazenamento de sementes de cana-de-açúcar. Para determinação da porcentagem de espiguetas férteis, foram tomadas quatro amostras de 0,5 g obtidas dos diferentes cruzamentos (RB92579 x RB92606, RB92606 x RB92579, RB92579 x ? e RB92606 x ?). De cada uma das amostras foram determinadas a quantidade de espiguetas as quais, em seguida, tiveram suas cariopses extraídas as quais foram contabilizadas e, em seguida, e contadas, calculando-se a porcentagem de espiguetas férteis. Foram avaliados a porcentagem e o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), tanto das espiguetas como de cariopses isoladas, por meio de testes realizados em dois ambientes (campo e laboratório). Para avaliar o efeito do GA3 e KNO3 sobre a germinação foram utilizadas as seguintes concentrações: 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mg L-1 de GA3 e 0 e 0,2% de KNO3, sendo o teste conduzido em laboratório, com espiguetas provenientes do cruzamento bi-parental RB92579xRB92606. Para determinação do tamanho mínimo da amostra foram utilizadas espiguetas de dois cruzamentos (RB92579 x ? e RB92606 x ?). De cada cruzamento foram utilizadas amostragens com diferentes massas (0,2, 0,4, 0,6, 0,8 e 1,0 grama), com quatro repetições. Para avaliar o efeito do armazenamento, foram realizados experimentos mensais instalados em dois ambientes (campo e laboratório), com espiguetas armazenadas em sala refrigerada. Todos dos testes foram conduzidos sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 200 espiguetas, ou 50 cariopses, por cruzamento. As contagens de germinação foram realizadas diariamente, adotando-se o critério tecnológico. As variáveis analisadas foram o percentual e o índice de velocidade de germinação. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os cruzamentos diferiram entre si quanto ao número de espiguetas e de cariopses por grama e, conseqüentemente, quanto à porcentagem de espiguetas férteis e de porcentagem e velocidade de germinação. Os cruzamentos bi-parentais apresentaram maior número de espiguetas, enquanto os cruzamentos múltiplos mostraram maior produção de cariopses. Sementes obtidas do cruzamento RB92579 x RB92606 apresentaram porcentagens de espiguetas férteis e de germinação muito baixas. Em relação aos tratamentos pré-germinativos, observou-se efeito positivo da giberelina no estímulo da germinação, elevando-a ao nível de espiguetas férteis do cruzamento. Os tratamentos contendo nitrato de potássio não diferiram da testemunha, mesmo na presença de GA3, indicando que este composto anulou o efeito promotor de germinação do ácido giberélico. Para a determinação do grau de umidade, observou-se menor coeficiente de variação na amostra de 0,6 g de sementes, a qual mostrou-se adequada para a realização dos testes de umidade. Constatou-se redução de até 35% na germinação das espiguetas ao longo do tempo de armazenamento. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos quando os testes foram conduzidos na condição de laboratório.
Gabard, Jérome. "Sélection et caractérisation de mutants déficients pour la nitrate réductase chez Nicotiana plumbaginifoliaTransformation du tabac par un gène de résistance aux herbicides, via Agrobacterium tumefaciens." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112071.
Full textTransformation du tabac par un gène de résistance aux herbicides, via agrobacterium tumefaciens : L'acétolactate synthase est la cible de deux familles d'herbicides : les sulfonylurées et les imidazolinomes. Un gène d'acétolactate synthase d'un mutant d'Arabidopsis thaliana, résistant à deux herbicides sulfonylurée, a été transféré au tabac, via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Plusieurs platules transgéniques ont été isolées. Des southern blots et une analyse génétique ont montré que la résistance est exprimée dans la descendance comme un caractère monogénique dominant. L'activité de l'acétolactale synthase est résistante à certains des sulfonylurées, mais pas aux imidazolinones. Le niveau d'enzyme résistante est suffisant pour permettre une croissance normale de semis, en présence de concentrations de deux herbicides sulfonylurées qui inhibibent complètement la croissance du témoin. La résistance est aussi exprimée au niveau da la plante entière
Selection and characterization of nitrate reductase deficient mutants of nicotiana plumbaginifolia : Two hundred and eleven nitrate reductase deficient mutants were isolated from gamma or UV irradiated nicotiana plumbaginifolia haploid protoplast cultures, using potassium chlorate as a selective agent. Plantlets were regenerated from resistant calli and tested for their lack of nitrate reductase activity and their inhabillity to grow on an medium with nitrate as sole nitrogen source. Biochemical and genetic analysis showed all mutants to be homozygous for nitrate reductase mutations. Mutations were transmitted as a single recessive mendelien character. Mutants were affected either in the gene coding for nitrate reductase apoenzyme ; nia, or in one of six molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis genes : cnxA/B/C/D/E and F. Some nia mutants showed partial intragenic complementation, probably because of the ability of two different nitrate reductase mutant apoenzyme to restore an almost normal catalytic activity. Growth of cnxA mutants was partially restored on a medium containing unphysiologically high level of molybdenum. This gene is probably involved in the step of integration of molybdenum in the cofactor
Transformation of tobacco with a sulfonylurea herbicide resistant gene via agrobacterium tumefaciens : Acetolactate synthase is the target of two herbicide families : sulfonylureas and imidazolinones. An acetolactate syntase gene from an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, resistant to two different sulfonylurea herbicides was transferred to tobacco via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Southern blots and genetic analysis showed the resistance to be expressed and transmitted to the progeny as a single dominant mendelien trait. Cross resistance to five sulfonylureas and to three imidazolinones was tested. Acetolactate synthase activity from both clones was signigicantly resistant to three of the sulfonylureas herbicides but sensitive to the two others and to imidazolinones. The level of resistant enzyme was sufficient to allow normal seedling growth in the presence of two sulfonylurea herbicide concentrations which completely inhibit growth of the control. Resistance was also expressed at the whole plant level
Gonçalves, Adriano Dicesar Martins de Araujo. "Efeito da temperatura no transporte dos íons potássio e nitrato no solo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11131/tde-12062007-113754/.
Full textIn the study of solute dynamics in porous media, it is of extreme importance the knowledge of the medium and transporting liquid properties as well as of external factors as temperature. In this sense, the objective of this work was the determination of parameters for potassium and nitrate ions under different temperatures in miscible displacement experiments, in a sandy loam Oxisol. The evaluated parameters were retardation factor (R) difusion/dispersion coefficient (D) and dispersivity (λ), whereas the used temperatures were the prevailing temperature (25°C to 28°C), 40°C and 50°C. The used salts were potassium nitrate and potassium chloride, prepared in a composed solution of 50 ppm of nitrate and 2000 ppm of potassium. From the results, it could be concluded that the temperature showed high influence on soil solution velocity and dispersion coefficient
Custódio, Ceci Castilho [UNESP]. "Efeito do ácido sulfúrico concentrado sobre o potencial fisiológico de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf cv. 'Marandu' e Brachiara humidicola (Rendle) Schweick cv. 'Tully' durante o armazenamento." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100666.
Full textEspécies de Brachiaria são de grande importância, como forrageiras, sendo o Brasil um dos principais produtores e exportadores de sementes dessas espécies. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do ácido sulfúrico concentrado, sobre o potencial fisiológico das sementes de Brachiaria brizantha e Brachiaria humidicola, decorrente do uso imediato ou após armazenamento, isoladamente ou combinado ao uso de ácido giberélico e nitrato de potássio. O estudo compreendeu 5 experimentos sendo os 2 primeiros, com três lotes de cada espécie, preliminares, e os 3 últimos, com dois lotes de cada espécie, o estudo do tratamento das sementes com ácido sulfúrico concentrado e seus efeitos imediatos e após armazenamento destas, sendo feitas avaliações de porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, atividades de peroxidase e amilase e teste de lixiviação de potássio. As sementes de Brachiaria brizantha respondem favoravelmente ao tratamento com ácido sulfúrico para superação de dormência, principalmente por 10 minutos, mesmo durante o armazenamento, podendo este ser utilizado para avaliação da germinação, em análises de sementes, ou em larga escala pela indústria de sementes, enquanto que, sementes de Brachiaria humidicola não devem ser tratadas com ácido sulfúrico. Sementes escarificadas com ácido sulfúrico podem ser armazenadas, por oito meses à 25ºC, sem redução da germinação e da velocidade de germinação, não diferindo, neste período, do armazenamento das sementes intactas. Os tratamentos com nitrato de potássio e ácido giberélico não foram efetivos para a superação da dormência. O teste de lixiviação de potássio e as determinações de atividades enzimáticas, foram importantes para avaliação do potencial fisiológico das sementes e do tratamento para superação de dormência com ácido sulfúrico.
Brachiaria species have a great importance as forage, being Brazil one of the main producers and exporters of these species seeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the treatment with sulphuric acid of Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria humidicola seeds, immediately or after storage, alone or combined with gibberelic acid or potassium nitrate. There were five experiments done. Preliminary, the first 2, with three seed lots of each species, and the last 3, the study of sulphuric acid treatment in seeds and its effects after treatment and after seed storage, with two seed lots of each species. Evaluations were made using germination percentages, germination speed index, peroxidase and amylase activities determination and potassium leakage studies. Brachiaria brizantha seeds had their highest germination after ten minutes of exposition to sulphuric acid, as dormancy breaking treatment, even when they were stored. Sulphuric acid treatment could be used for germination test, in seed analysis, or in wide scale by the seed industry. However, Brachiaria humidicola seeds did not allow sulphuric acid treatment. Sulphuric acid scarified seeds, could be stored, during eight months at 25ºC, without germination percentage or germination speed reduction in relation of intact seeds. Potassium nitrate and gibberelic acid treatment were not effective for dormancy breaking. Potassium leakage test and enzymatic activity determinations were important to evaluate the seeds physiological potential and the sulphuric acid dormancy breaking treatment.
Yamamoto, Thayne Waleska. "Efeito da utilização de dentifrícios com diferentes compostos bioativos nas propriedades superficiais do esmalte dental clareado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23134/tde-15012013-170927/.
Full textThis study aimed to review the literature and verify if the new bioactive compounds, like CPP-ACP, calcium sodium phosphosilicate and potassium nitrate are effective on the remineralization of the bleached dental enamel. There are several alterations occurred on the dental surface owing to the bleaching procedure. Among them: roughness, microhardness, mineral content loss and morphologic alterations are the most evaluated. Many different analysis have been used to assess the changes in the dental structure, however two of them have shown to be promising: the QLF and the nanoindentation. The QLF is related with the auto fluorescence of the teeth and has advantages related to its specificity, simple manipulation and it is not a destructive technique. On the other hand, the nanoindentation is capable to measure the surface hardness in very specific sites, in a nanometric scale, enabling a criterious selection of the area which will be analyzed. The results obtained by this equipment do not require the visual measure of the impressed area of the indentation, which is one advantage of the methodology. It was conclusive that the literature disagrees of the results presented about the effects of dental bleaching on the enamel surface and the researches that evaluated the bioactive compounds have demonstrated differences in their methodologies. These inconclusive findings interfere on the establishment of an application protocol to those new dentifrices. Thus, it is necessary to develop new researches to better understand the possible effects of the bioactive compounds when the use of these dentifrices are related to a therapeutic use after treatment with bleaching agents.
Bones, David Lawrence. "Liquid Aerosol Photochemistry." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1500.
Full textFranco, Elenilson Moreira. "Monitoramento da dinâmica da água e solutos em um perfil de solo, sob sistema de fertirrigação por gotejamento, utilizando sonda de capacitância e extratores de solução." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11143/tde-22062009-160129/.
Full textThe basic principle of irrigation is to replace or complement the water requirements to reach the maximum physiologic potentiality of the crops to increase yields. Therefore, the domain of techniques that can be applied to manage water and nutrient application has an important role in the process. Monitoring soil moisture is fundamental in studies that involve water dynamics and nutrient movement in soil. Direct methods include the measurement of soil moisture directly and indirect methods measure soil moisture from measurements of electric resistance, soil water potential, etc. The objective of the present research was to determine the process of water redistribution applied by a drip irrigation system in two different soils (sandy and clay) by using porous ceramic cup extractors and a capacitance probe (\'Diviner 2000\'). Advantages and disadvantages of the capacitance probe were tested to evaluate the effect of different water scenarios on the distribution of nitrate and potassium ions in soil. Eighteen soil blocks 0.6 tall and 0.8 m in diameter were constructed. The blocks were filled with two different soil textures (sandy and clay). In each box, 6 porous ceramic cup extractors were installed to obtain the soil solution. The extractors formed a semicircle around a PVC pipe (External Diameter of 56.5 mm, Internal Diameter of 51 mm and length of 1.0 m) placed into the soil of each plastic box to insert the capacitance probe. The treatments used in this experiment were the combinations of the 2 soils and 3 emitters flows from a drip irrigation system, (2 L h-1, 4 L h-1 and 8 L h-1) with application of fertilizing solution (urea and potassium chloride). The 6 treatments were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with 3 replications. The study variables of this research were the soil moisture, pH, electric conductivity (EC), nitrate concentration ([NO3 -1]) and potassium concentration ([K+]) in the soil solution. By the obtained results was possible to conclude that the use of FDR technique, by the Diviner 2000 probe, showed appropriate for the obtaining values of soil moisture, presenting as advantage the speed and precision in readings obtaining. The fertigation by drip irrigation in high application rates promotes the ions displacement in depth (soil profile), could be observed that this effect was more intensified in sandy soil texture, due to present smaller interaction with the nitrate and potassium ions in the soil solution.
Ariyakriangkai, Watcharaphong. "Effect of double layer technique on hydrogen peroxide penetration and tooth whitening efficacy." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5407.
Full textVieira, Denise Cristina Moretti. "Avaliação do cultivo de Spirulina platensis utilizando simultaneamente nitrato de potássio e uréia como fontes de nitrogênio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9134/tde-28052013-202406/.
Full textThe cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis, that have high protein content, has been cultivated photoautrophically for microbial biomass production. However nitrates are the conventional nitrogen sources for Spirulina, there is the possibility of use alternative source, as urea by fed batch process, decreasing the costs of production. So, the exclusive use of urea, due to urea hydrolysis in culture medium and consequently loss of ammonia, can cause the cell to growing for specific moments without nitrogen source, because urea can not be added in huge quantity due to the ammonia toxicity provide by its hydrolysis. This work have as objectives verify if the potassium nitrate addition in the culture carried out with urea can lead a process with more productivity and/or increase in the biomass quantity. It was verified many proportion between initial concentration of potassium nitrate and urea, using experimental planning and surface response methodology. The dependent variables were maximum cell concentration (Xm), cell productivity (Px) and nitrogen-cell conversion factor (YX/N), as well as biomass contents of chlorophyll, protein and lipids. The results allowed us concluded that the association of KNO3 and urea was good and improved the maximum cell concentration. The optimal condition otained by statistic analysis for Xm was 17,3 mM of KNO3 and 8,90 mM of urea. In this condition the maximum cell concentration was 6077 ±199 mg L-1.
Monteiro, Rodrigo Otávio Câmara. "Influência do gotejamento subterrâneo e do "mulching" plástico na cultura do melão em ambiente protegido." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11143/tde-26112007-092804/.
Full textThis work aims to quantify melon yield, quantitative and qualitative aspects, as well to observe water and ions distribution (nitrate and potassium) in the root zone for two soils: Yellow Red Latossol (Sandy loam soil) and Red Argissol (Clay soil), under plastic mulching and subsurface drip irrigation (0.20 m and 0.40 m from the soil surface). Melon cycle occurred between november, 2005 until january, 2006. The research site was a greenhouse (330 m2) located at the University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was four randomized complete blocks. The treatments were comprised of 24 experimental units for each soil. Soil moisture evaluated by tensiometric batteries, and the nitrate, potassium, pH and EC values by soil solution based on extractors of ceramic capsules disposal at depths of 0.10 m, 0.30 m, and 0.50 m and horizontal distances of 0.10 m, 0.20 m, 0.30 m and 0.40 from the plant, and by soil sampling as shallow depths of 0.04 m, 0.08 m, and 0.12 m at the same horizontal distances from the plant. The plastic mulching increased the height plant, stem diameter, plant production, longitudinal diameter and pulp thickness of the fruit for the sandy loam and clay soil, and transversal diameter, format of the fruit, soluble solids levels and pH of the fruit for the clay soil. The subsurface drip irrigation at 0.20 m from the surface soil provided larger fruit average mass and plant production to sandy loam soil and make influence in pH of the fruit to clay soil. It was not possible to find treatments effects for the nitrate distribution at sandy loam and clay soils due the complex nitrate dynamics in the soil. The subsurface drip irrigation at 0.20 m and without plastic mulching made available more potassium concentration at the melon root absorption zone for the sandy loam soil, from 47 and 63 days after planting, when the blooming started until to frutification period. To clay soil the mulching effect was more evident at the potassium distribution than the subsurface drip irrigation. For both soils, without mulching, subsurface drip irrigation at 0.20 m showed larger water productivity compared to 0.40 m and surface drip irrigation treatments.
Roso, Rodrigo. "Echium plantagineum L. (boraginaceae): superação da dormência, respostas à temperaturas, luz e profundidades de semeadura." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2017. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11651.
Full textEchium plantagineum é considerada uma planta ruderal invasiva anual, eventualmente bienal, originária da região do Mediterrâneo e Europa Ocidental, de fácil adaptação, com até 1,5 m de estatura, reproduzida por sementes, e com potencial para se converter em planta daninha. Além de possuir fácil capacidade de adaptação a diferentes condições ambientais. Diante do exposto, o trabalho tem como objetivos avaliar métodos de superação da dormência, regimes de luz, variações de temperaturas e profundidades de semeadura na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de E. plantagineum. Foram conduzidos três experimentos, sendo dois em laboratório, em que no Experimento I avaliou-se tratamentos de superação de dormência de sementes com tempos de exposição a alta temperatura (42 °C) e umidade [TU] (100%) (24, 48, 72 e 96 h), tempos de imersão em nitrato de potássio [NP] (0,2%) (6, 12, 18 e 24 h), imersão em concentrações de ácido giberélico [AG] (250, 500, 750, 1000 e 1500 mg L-1), e NP+AG (12 h) + (125, 250, 375, 500 e 625 mg L-1). No Experimento II as sementes foram submetidas a diferentes temperaturas constantes (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35 °C) em presença ou ausência de luz. O Experimento III foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, no qual as sementes foram alocadas a diferentes profundidades no solo (0,0, 1,0, 2,0, 3,0, 4,0, e 5,0 cm) sob presença ou ausência de cobertura vegetal com palha de azevém (Lolium multiforum L.). Em geral, os tratamentos pré-germinativos utilizando NP e AG aplicados de forma sequencial são favoráveis para a superação da dormência, permitindo máxima expressão do vigor e germinação das sementes, possibilitando gerar plântulas com estruturas primárias normais. As sementes de E. plantagineum podem ser classificadas como fotoblásticas neutras, possuindo a temperatura de 20 °C como ótima para germinação, variável de 10 a 30 °C. Quando as sementes foram submetidas a profundidades no solo, ocorreu diminuição acentuada da emergência com o aumento da profundidade, sendo que as sementes localizadas na superfície apresentaram maior emergência, ocorrendo influência positiva da cobertura do solo com palha.
Zanotti, Rafael Fonsêca. "Germinação e alterações fisiológicas e bioquímicas em sementes de mamão tratadas com fitorreguladores." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2011. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4326.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The aim of this study was to evaluate: i) the effects of growth regulators and potassium nitrate (KNO3), 2-cloroetilfosfônico acid (CEPA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination of papaya groups of "Formosa" and "Solo" ii) the effects of these growth regulators in the composition of starch, soluble sugars, lipids, soluble proteins and total protein in seeds of the "Formosa" extracted from fruits at maturation stages 3 and 5, corresponding to 50% and 75% of the outer surface yellow, respectively. The seed-control group "Formosa" in stage 5 had higher germination at 30 days after sowing. CEPA promoted reduction in the germination of papaya seeds. The effects of CEPA were reversed by potassium nitrate. In general, all growth regulators tested were effective in overcoming dormancy, with the exception of CEPA isolated. Potassium nitrate was the compound more efficient in overcoming dormancy of seeds of papaya. CEPA caused a reduction in the mobilization of starch. The GA3, alone and in combination with potassium nitrate, stimulated the mobilization of lipids, while the seeds of the third stage of maturity had higher germination when treated with all growth regulators tested. Potassium nitrate promoted a negative effect on germination and germination speed index, especially in seeds at stage 5. The growth regulators did not increase the percentage of normal seedlings of papaya seeds in the group "Solo". CEPA and 5x10-4M GA3 alone were responsible for the increase in the number of normal seedlings at 14 days after sowing of seeds in stage 3.
Os objetivos do trabalho foram: i) avaliar os efeitos dos reguladores de crescimento nitrato de potássio (KNO3), ácido 2-cloroetilfosfônico (CEPA) e ácido giberélico (GA3) na germinação das sementes de mamão dos grupos Formosa e Solo ; ii) avaliar os efeitos daqueles reguladores de crescimento na composição de amido, açúcares solúveis, lipídios, proteínas solúveis e proteínas totais em sementes do grupo Formosa , em sementes extraídas de frutos nos estádios de maturação 3 e 5, correspondendo a 50% e 75% da superfície exterior amarela, respectivamente. As sementes-controle do grupo Formosa obtidas no estádio 5 apresentaram maior germinação aos 30 dias após a semeadura. O CEPA promoveu redução na germinação de sementes de mamão. Os efeitos do CEPA foram revertidos pelo nitrato de potássio. Em geral, todos os reguladores de crescimento testados foram eficientes na superação da dormência, com exceção do CEPA quando isolado. O nitrato de potássio mostrou-se o composto mais eficiente na superação da dormência das sementes de mamão. O CEPA provocou redução na mobilização do amido. O GA3, isoladamente, e em associação com o nitrato de potássio, estimulou uma maior mobilização de lipídios, enquanto as sementes do estádio 3 de maturação apresentaram aumento da germinação, quando tratadas com todos os reguladores de crescimento testados. O nitrato de potássio promoveu em efeito negativo sobre a germinação e no índice de velocidade de germinação, principalmente nas sementes no estádio 5. Os reguladores de crescimento não aumentaram a porcentagem de plântulas normais das sementes de mamão do grupo Solo . O CEPA 5x10-4M e o GA3 isolados foram responsáveis pelo aumento do número de plântulas normais, aos 14 dias após a semeadura de sementes no estádio 3.
Nguyen, Chi Tam. "Identification et caractérisation d'un canal chlorure, AtCLCg, impliqué dans la réponse au stress salin chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00856592.
Full textМихайловський, Яків Емануілович, Яков Эммануилович Михайловский, Yakiv Emanuilovych Mykhailovskyi, and Н. А. Панченко. "Оптимизация выпарного отделения в производстве конверсионного нитрата калия." Thesis, Изд-во СумГУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/5688.
Full textPinho, Roque Emmanuel da Costa de. "Teores de água e solutos no solo: desempenho e sensibilidade do modelo Hydrus-1D." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11131/tde-25022010-154643/.
Full textThe concern about the fate of chemical products and water, applied to the soil, has been motivating several researchers to develop and apply theoretical models, aiming to describe the physical processes involved in the transport of those products in soil profile. The present research had as objective the application of the model Hydrus- 1D for water and solute (nitrate and potassium) simulation profile, in laboratory conditions, using soil columns filled with two types of unsaturated soil (Oxisol (Haplustox) and Hapludox), as well to evaluate the acting and sensitivity of the model. The transport parameters were obtained for each solute by breakthrough curves (BTCs). The transport parameters obtained and the boundary conditions were inserted in the Hydrus-1D model to realize the simulations. The acting of the Hydrus-1D model was evaluated using the statistical indicators: maximum error, mean absolute error, normalized root mean-square error, coefficient of residual mass, determination coefficient, efficiency and Willmott concordance index. The model sensitivity was evaluated by the method proposed by McCuen and Snyder (1986) and applied to the parameters: input flow, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, water content (saturation point), alpha and n (soil water retention curve parameters), distribution coefficient and dispersivity. The obtained results, experimentally, showed the nitrate displacement following the wetting front and, in relation to the potassium ion, a larger retention was observed at the superficial soil columns layers. Therefore, was possible to conclude that Hydrus-1D model was efficient for both water and potassium displacement simulations, for both studied soils and by the balance model for solute transport in soil, the Hydrus- 1D model was not efficient to simulate the nitrate displacement in both soils. The experimental procedures to estimate transport parameters, by the BTCs, were enough to describe the potassium movement in soil, generating input information necessary to the model simulation. To the simulation of the nitrate displacement, was possible to conclude that the model Hydrus-1D requests a more detailed experimental process, being necessary the estimate of a larger number of transport parameters. In relation to the sensitivity analysis of the Hydrus-1D model, when simulated the content of potassium and water at the soil columns, was observed that the model shows more sensitivity about to the parameters: water content (saturation point) and input flow. This parameters need to be estimated with more precision. There was a low sensitivity to the parameters soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and dispersivity for both studied soils.
Custódio, Ceci Castilho. "Efeito do ácido sulfúrico concentrado sobre o potencial fisiológico de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf cv. 'Marandu' e Brachiara humidicola (Rendle) Schweick cv. 'Tully' durante o armazenamento /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100666.
Full textBanca: Massanori Takaki
Banca: Ana Dionísia C.L. Coelho
Banca: Marco Eustáquio de Sá
Banca: Francisco Carlos Kryzanowski
Resumo: Espécies de Brachiaria são de grande importância, como forrageiras, sendo o Brasil um dos principais produtores e exportadores de sementes dessas espécies. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do ácido sulfúrico concentrado, sobre o potencial fisiológico das sementes de Brachiaria brizantha e Brachiaria humidicola, decorrente do uso imediato ou após armazenamento, isoladamente ou combinado ao uso de ácido giberélico e nitrato de potássio. O estudo compreendeu 5 experimentos sendo os 2 primeiros, com três lotes de cada espécie, preliminares, e os 3 últimos, com dois lotes de cada espécie, o estudo do tratamento das sementes com ácido sulfúrico concentrado e seus efeitos imediatos e após armazenamento destas, sendo feitas avaliações de porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, atividades de peroxidase e amilase e teste de lixiviação de potássio. As sementes de Brachiaria brizantha respondem favoravelmente ao tratamento com ácido sulfúrico para superação de dormência, principalmente por 10 minutos, mesmo durante o armazenamento, podendo este ser utilizado para avaliação da germinação, em análises de sementes, ou em larga escala pela indústria de sementes, enquanto que, sementes de Brachiaria humidicola não devem ser tratadas com ácido sulfúrico. Sementes escarificadas com ácido sulfúrico podem ser armazenadas, por oito meses à 25ºC, sem redução da germinação e da velocidade de germinação, não diferindo, neste período, do armazenamento das sementes intactas. Os tratamentos com nitrato de potássio e ácido giberélico não foram efetivos para a superação da dormência. O teste de lixiviação de potássio e as determinações de atividades enzimáticas, foram importantes para avaliação do potencial fisiológico das sementes e do tratamento para superação de dormência com ácido sulfúrico
Abstract: Brachiaria species have a great importance as forage, being Brazil one of the main producers and exporters of these species seeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the treatment with sulphuric acid of Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria humidicola seeds, immediately or after storage, alone or combined with gibberelic acid or potassium nitrate. There were five experiments done. Preliminary, the first 2, with three seed lots of each species, and the last 3, the study of sulphuric acid treatment in seeds and its effects after treatment and after seed storage, with two seed lots of each species. Evaluations were made using germination percentages, germination speed index, peroxidase and amylase activities determination and potassium leakage studies. Brachiaria brizantha seeds had their highest germination after ten minutes of exposition to sulphuric acid, as dormancy breaking treatment, even when they were stored. Sulphuric acid treatment could be used for germination test, in seed analysis, or in wide scale by the seed industry. However, Brachiaria humidicola seeds did not allow sulphuric acid treatment. Sulphuric acid scarified seeds, could be stored, during eight months at 25ºC, without germination percentage or germination speed reduction in relation of intact seeds. Potassium nitrate and gibberelic acid treatment were not effective for dormancy breaking. Potassium leakage test and enzymatic activity determinations were important to evaluate the seeds physiological potential and the sulphuric acid dormancy breaking treatment
Doutor
Mouffe, Shirley. "Maîtrise de la réactivité thermique lors de l'élaboration d'un conditionnement par le bitume." Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1524.
Full textThis work deals with the study of chemical reactions and phases transitions which can occur between magnesium nitrate, sodium nitrate, cobalt sulphur product, and nickel potassium ferrocyanide, when they are heated together during bituminisation process of nuclear waste. The applied methodology associates a few techniques: temperature, enthalpy, and kinetics of reaction are determined by calorimetry, reaction products are characterised by chemical analyses, mass spectrometry and XRD analysis. Three fields of temperature and energy are observed in function of composition (one compound or a mixture of compounds). The study of reactions between NaNO3 and cobalt sulphur product shows that the presence of water has got an effect on reaction temperature. The study of Mg(NO3)2, 6 H20 and CoS shows an overlapping of different signals, and that the reaction rate is very slow (a few hours)
Crossley, Samuel. "Electrocaloric materials and devices." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245063.
Full textNeto, João Alberto Lelis. "Monitoramento de componentes químicos da vinhaça aplicados em diferentes tipos de solo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11143/tde-10022009-135650/.
Full textWhile sugarcane has been one of the main crops in Brazilian agriculture since the time of colonization, it is now also a major source of biomass energy, serving sugarcane agribusiness and being responsible for many direct and indirect jobs in Brazil. Industrial processing of sugarcane leads to such products as sugar, alcohol (both hydrated and anhydrated), pulp and vinasse. One concern about the application of vinasse to agricultural operations relates to possible environmental impacts of vinasse. Hence, the present research had as objective to monitor of the dynamics, in different soil types, of chemical components present in vinasse, and to measure breakthrough curves (BTC´s) of vinasse from repacked columns. The research was carried out at the experimental facility of the Department of Exact Sciences, ESALQ, USP, a protected environment containing 50 boxes arranged in a random manner. The vinasse was collected at the Usina Costa Pinto COSAN site in the municipal district of Piracicaba, SP, and applied at rates of 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 m³ ha-1. The analyzed elements were nitrate and potassium, but measurements were also made of pH, electric conductivity and calcium. The BTC´s were used to provide estimates of the transport parameters of nitrate (using flow-injection analysis for the chemical analyses) and potassium (using a photometer for the chemical analyses). The measurements showed that soil nitrate concentrations varied between 3,6 to 119 mg L-1 in the sandy soil, and between 1 and 70 mg L-1 in the clay soil. Observed potassium concentrations were between 4,4 to 171,2 mg L-1 in the sandy soil (mainly at a depth of 60 cm), and between 0 and 30 mg L-1 in the clay soil. Calcium concentrations were found to similarly vary from 1,98 to 64,45 mg L-1 in the sandy soil, and between 2,6 and 86,5 mg L-1 in the clay soil. The values of pH furthermore varied between 6,4 to 7,75 for the sandy soil and between 4,8 to 7,32 for the clay soil, while the electric conductivity was between 0,3 to 2,3 dS m-1 for the sandy soil and between 0,23 to 0,75 dS m-1 for the clay soil. The vinasse BTC´s of the clay soil showed that both potassium and nitrate were displaced considerably to the right (to higher pore volumes) as compared with the sandy soil. This indicates that the potassium and nitrate ions were kept (adsorbed) much stronger by the clay relative to the sandy soil. Ion transport rates hence were found to be a function of soil type. Results suggest that the transport of ions from the vinasse is best studied over relatively long periods of time, also in field soil profiles, to better show the long-term dynamics in the subsurface
Ponciano, Isaac de Matos. "Aplicação da reflectometria no domínio do tempo (TDR) na estimativa da condutividade elétrica da solução do solo e de concentrações de nitrato, potássio e cloreto em coluna de solo não saturado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11143/tde-14032012-084521/.
Full textThere is a growing demand for a reliable method applied to monitoring ionic composition of soil solution in real-time and short time intervals, due the importance to environmental sustainability and fertigation management and limitations of traditional methods for determination. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is often considered a viable alternative to traditional methods. Consequently, this research looks for using TDR evaluate the performance of seven mathematical models for determining electrical conductivity (CEw) by comparing simulated and measured concentrations of potassium, nitrate and chloride, and to monitor and determine the concentration of these ions in water leached from unsaturated soil columns. The research was carried out under two experiments conditions. In the first experiment the models were calibrated with input data from 24 soil columns consisting of four soils with six different KCl concentrations. For each soil column CEw was determined by both TDR ( and CEa readings) and the CEw of soil solution was determined by direct measurements of potassium and chloride concentrations. In the second experiment the procedure was the same, but with KCl being replaced with KNO3. This was possible to calibrate the models to estimate the CEw, and to determine potassium, nitrate and chloride ions concentrations. The models were ranked using the c-index, the coefficient of determination (R²) and estimated standard error (ESE). The results showed were Rhoads et al. (1976) and Vogel et al. (1996) classified as \"Great\" for the CEw determination associated with the application of both KCl and KNO3 to irrigation water in clay soils. For estimating CEw in sandy soils, the models Muñoz-Carpena et al. (2005), Mualen and Friedman (1991), Vogel et al. (1996) and Rhoads et al. (1976) were classified as \"Very Good.\" The relationship between CEw and potassium concentration was best represented by a power function in clay soils, and a linear function in sandy soils, with index of \"Great\" and \"Very Good\", respectively. For chloride and nitrate, the best fits were obtained by representing the CEw-Cl and CEw-NO3 relationships with linear functions, which were classified as Very Good and Good, respectively. TDR proved to be a reliable technique for monitoring the concentration of potassium and chloride ions leached in soil profiles.
GALANTE, ANA M. S. "Pesquisa, desenvolvimento e caracterizacao de materiais dosimetricos para monitoramento em processos de irradiacao com doses altas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2003. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11139.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
FAPESP:99/06641-9
Brigham, Russell D. "Assessing the Effects of Lake Dredged Sediments on Soil Health: Agricultural and Environmental Implications on Midwest Ohio." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1593902126203743.
Full textSantos, Thaís Lobo dos. "Nitrato de amônio e nitrato de potássio no desenvolvimento in vitro de embriões somáticos de pupunheira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-25022010-165001/.
Full textThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of the interaction between ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate on the morphogenetic responses of peach palm somatic embryos in vitro cultivated, to optimize the micropropagation protocol for this species. The concentrations used were 0, 825, 1650, 2475 and 3300 mg L-1 of ammonium nitrate and 0, 950 , 1900, 2850 and 3800 mg L-1 of potassium nitrate, in all possible associations, totalizing 25 treatments. The treatments were prepared with the complete solution of Murashige and Skoog, with modified proportions of these ions in relation to the nitrogen supply. Two hundred and fifty somatic embryos with homogeneous morphological characteristics, without roots and leaves, obtained from microplants from a controlled temperature and luminosity room, were used in the experiment. Every 60 days, during 240 days, the length of shoot and root, the number of roots, propagules and leaves and the root architecture were measured. At the end of 240 days of cultivation, it was also analyzed the total soluble proteins, the foliar chlorophyll by a chlorophyll meter equipment (SPAD-502) and the macronutrients and micronutrients concentrations in the microplants. The experiment was conducted in a randomized design. The data were subjected to Bartlett´s test at 5% and variance analysis (ANOVA) at 1% and 5% of probability of error, or it was made a correlation matrix at 1% and 5% of probability of error, according to each analysis. The results showed that at 240 days of cultivation the microplants spent more energy building the shoot part and raised the percentage of thin, functional root. The best treatments for proteins formation were those with 2475 mg L-1 of NH4NO3 or with 2850 mg L-1 of KNO3. The highest SPAD index occurred in the treatments with at most 1650 mg L-1 of NH4NO3 associated with at most 1900 mg L-1 of KNO3. Different associations of NH4NO3 e KNO3 may favor the absorption of each nutrient. We conclude that the results obtained may contribute to the optimization of the B. gasipaes micropropagation protocol, as it is possible to establish the best treatment for maximization of a specific answer for each moment of the somatic embryos cultivations process, such as rooting, shoot growth, propagules and protein formation, and thus increase the optimization of microplants production with wanted characteristics and hence its acclimatization and ex vitro development.
Bastien, Samuel. "Selective chemical stripping of titanium aluminum nitride coating from titanium substrate using hydrogen peroxide and potassium oxalate." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110474.
Full textTitanium Aluminum Nitride (TiAlN) est un revêtement industriel important puisqu'il améliore la dureté et la résistance à la corrosion. L'objectif de ce travail est de développer des techniques chimiques qui enlèvent de façon sé¬lective des revêtements de TiAlN déposés sur des substrats de Titane. La solution chimique sélection¬née consiste de peroxyde d'hydrogène (H2O2) et d'oxalate de potassium (K2C2O4). Des échantillons de Ti-6-4 couverts d'une couche de TiAlN d'une épaisseur notionnelle de 10 micromètres ont été exposés à plusieurs solutions chimiques avec des températures et concentrations variées. De façon générale, nous avons trouvé que si on augmentait la température de la réaction ou la concentration des réactants, cela faisait augmenter les vitesses de dégradation du revêtement et du substrat. La sélectivité augmentait aussi avec une hausse de la température ou de la concentration d'oxalate de potassium, mais diminuait avec une hausse de la concentration de peroxyde d'hydrogène. La plus haute vitesse de dissolution du revêtement qui a été obtenue était de 39 µm/hr à une température de 75oC, une concentration de peroxyde d'hydrogène de 5.9 mol/L et une concentration d'oxalate de potassium de 0.226 mol/L. À des conditions similaires, le substrat se dissolvait à une vitesse de 6.6 µm/hr. La meilleure sélectivité obtenue était de 6.8, à une concentration d'oxalate de potassium de 0.226 mol/L, une concentration de peroxyde d'hydrogène de 4.4 mol/L et une température de 75oC. Nous avons aussi trouvé que le ratio de Ti:Al dans le revêtement a un impact majeur sur sa résistance chimique aux solutions de H2O2 et de K2C2O4.
Whitaker, João Paulo Teixeira [UNESP]. "Produção e qualidade da fibra do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.) em função da adubação foliar com nitrato de potássio." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100058.
Full textUma nutrição adequada é essencial para que a cultura do algodoeiro possa conseguir ótima produção com qualidade de fibra, portanto, as deficiências minerais, como a de potássio, devem ser evitadas. O uso da adubação foliar com nitrato de potássio na cultura do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.) tem se mostrado uma técnica promissora por suprir potássio, de forma suplementar, no período de maior demanda, corrigindo eventuais deficiências. Com o objetivo de se avaliar a produção e seus componentes, e a qualidade da fibra do algodão em função do uso foliar de KNO3 , foram realizados três experimentos com a variedade ‘DeltaOpal’ durante dois anos. No primeiro ano os tratamentos consistiram de aplicações semanais de 8 kg ha-1 de KNO3 durante duas (dose de 16 kg ha-1) ou quatro (dose de 32 kg ha-1) semanas a partir do florescimento, alterando o início da pulverização. No segundo ano, o experimento foi dividido em duas áreas, uma que não recebeu e outra que recebeu 31 kg ha-1 de K2O em cobertura, e em ambas parcelas foram realizadas 4 aplicações semanais foliares com 8 kg ha-1 de KNO3 (total de 32 kg ha-1), alterando-se as datas do início das pulverizações a partir da 1ª semana do florescimento. Os resultados mostraram que o uso de KNO3 via foliar não causou alteração significativa nos parâmetros de produtividade, peso de um capulho, peso de cem sementes, número total de capulhos por planta, número total de nós por planta; nem nas características principais de qualidade da fibra como finura, resistência, comprimento, maturidade e micronaire, nos dois anos de estudo. No segundo ano, sob condições de clima seco e baixa produtividade, o teor de K na folha foi significativamente alterado pelo uso foliar de KNO3, mas o teor de K na maçã não se alterou; a adubação com K em cobertura provocou redução significativa... .
Proper plant nutrition is essential for optimal cotton productivity and fiber quality, therefore, the mineral deficiencies should be avoided. The use of the foliar-applied KNO3 in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has shown a promising technique by supplying potassium, in a supplemental way, in the period of larger demand, correcting eventual deficiencies. With the objective of evaluating the yield and their components, and the quality of the cotton fiber in function of the foliar-applied KNO3, three experiments were accomplished with variety ‘DeltaOpal’ for two years. In the first year the treatments consisted of weekly applications of 8 kg ha-1 of KNO3 during two (total of 16 kg h-1) or four (total of 32 kg ha-1) weeks starting from the flowering, altering the beginning of the applications. In the second year, the experiment was divided in two areas, one that it didn't receive and another that received 31 kg ha 1 K2O after planting, and in both portions 4 weekly applications were accomplished with 8 kg ha-1 of the foliar-applied KNO3 (total of 32 kg ha-1), from the beginning of the applications, starting from 1st week of the flowering. The results showed that the use of foliar KNO3 didn't cause significant alteration in the productivity parameters, weight of a bolls, weight of a 100 seeds, number of bolls per plant, number of nodes per plant; nor in the main characteristics of quality of the fiber as fineness, strength, length, maturity and micronaire, in the two years. In the second year, with conditions of dry weather and low productivity, the concentration of K in the leaf was significantly altered by the use of foliar KNO3, but the content of K in the bolls didn't change; the fertilization with K after planting caused significant reduction in the lint percent, in the spinning index and in the bright (Rd), and increase of the yellow (+b) fiber-color component of the cotton.
Whitaker, João Paulo Teixeira 1966. "Produção e qualidade da fibra do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.) em função da adubação foliar com nitrato de potássio /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100058.
Full textResumo: Uma nutrição adequada é essencial para que a cultura do algodoeiro possa conseguir ótima produção com qualidade de fibra, portanto, as deficiências minerais, como a de potássio, devem ser evitadas. O uso da adubação foliar com nitrato de potássio na cultura do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.) tem se mostrado uma técnica promissora por suprir potássio, de forma suplementar, no período de maior demanda, corrigindo eventuais deficiências. Com o objetivo de se avaliar a produção e seus componentes, e a qualidade da fibra do algodão em função do uso foliar de KNO3 , foram realizados três experimentos com a variedade 'DeltaOpal' durante dois anos. No primeiro ano os tratamentos consistiram de aplicações semanais de 8 kg ha-1 de KNO3 durante duas (dose de 16 kg ha-1) ou quatro (dose de 32 kg ha-1) semanas a partir do florescimento, alterando o início da pulverização. No segundo ano, o experimento foi dividido em duas áreas, uma que não recebeu e outra que recebeu 31 kg ha-1 de K2O em cobertura, e em ambas parcelas foram realizadas 4 aplicações semanais foliares com 8 kg ha-1 de KNO3 (total de 32 kg ha-1), alterando-se as datas do início das pulverizações a partir da 1ª semana do florescimento. Os resultados mostraram que o uso de KNO3 via foliar não causou alteração significativa nos parâmetros de produtividade, peso de um capulho, peso de cem sementes, número total de capulhos por planta, número total de nós por planta; nem nas características principais de qualidade da fibra como finura, resistência, comprimento, maturidade e micronaire, nos dois anos de estudo. No segundo ano, sob condições de clima seco e baixa produtividade, o teor de K na folha foi significativamente alterado pelo uso foliar de KNO3, mas o teor de K na maçã não se alterou; a adubação com K em cobertura provocou redução significativa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: Proper plant nutrition is essential for optimal cotton productivity and fiber quality, therefore, the mineral deficiencies should be avoided. The use of the foliar-applied KNO3 in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has shown a promising technique by supplying potassium, in a supplemental way, in the period of larger demand, correcting eventual deficiencies. With the objective of evaluating the yield and their components, and the quality of the cotton fiber in function of the foliar-applied KNO3, three experiments were accomplished with variety 'DeltaOpal' for two years. In the first year the treatments consisted of weekly applications of 8 kg ha-1 of KNO3 during two (total of 16 kg h-1) or four (total of 32 kg ha-1) weeks starting from the flowering, altering the beginning of the applications. In the second year, the experiment was divided in two areas, one that it didn't receive and another that received 31 kg ha 1 K2O after planting, and in both portions 4 weekly applications were accomplished with 8 kg ha-1 of the foliar-applied KNO3 (total of 32 kg ha-1), from the beginning of the applications, starting from 1st week of the flowering. The results showed that the use of foliar KNO3 didn't cause significant alteration in the productivity parameters, weight of a bolls, weight of a 100 seeds, number of bolls per plant, number of nodes per plant; nor in the main characteristics of quality of the fiber as fineness, strength, length, maturity and micronaire, in the two years. In the second year, with conditions of dry weather and low productivity, the concentration of K in the leaf was significantly altered by the use of foliar KNO3, but the content of K in the bolls didn't change; the fertilization with K after planting caused significant reduction in the lint percent, in the spinning index and in the bright (Rd), and increase of the yellow (+b) fiber-color component of the cotton.
Doutor
Suzuki, Érika Tiemi [UNESP]. "Produção extemporânea de amora-preta com uso de reguladores vegetais e nitrato de potássio em regiões tropicais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93541.
Full textA amoreira-preta é uma opção de diversificação de cultura e um ótimo empreendimento à agricultura familiar, devido a sua rusticidade, rápido retorno econômico e aceitabilidade do consumidor. Faz necessário o conhecimento do comportamento da espécie e das tecnologias a serem empregadas para a viabilidade de seu cultivo sob as condições paulistas, principalmente devido à concorrência com o sul do país, a qual é o maior produtor da fruta. A utilização de reguladores vegetais tem por finalidade à antecipação da colheita, evitando-se o período de safra usual e conseqüentemente, obtenção de melhores preços. Desta forma, estudaram-se os efeitos da utilização de reguladores vegetais na maturação dos ramos e quebra de dormência das plantas de amora-preta cv. Brazos e a análise econômica na produção extemporânea. O estudo engloba: 1° experimento - quebra de dormência das plantas, avaliando-se o efeito de 10 tratamentos correspondentes a plantas com e sem uso de Etefon antes da poda de frutificação, feita em duas aplicações de 720 mg L-1; e posteriormente à poda, submissão das mesmas à aplicação de ácido giberélico (10%), Dormex ou cianamida hidrogenada (5%), Etefon (3600 mg L-1) e nitrato de potássio (3%), além da testemunha. 2° experimento – efeito de maturador de ramo, utilizando-se de 13 tratamentos correspondentes a vezesde Etefon (0, 720, 1440, 2880 e 5760 mg L-1), sendo aplicadas em dose única e subdivididas em 2 e 4 vees, antes da poda de frutificação. Nos dois casos o delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. 3° experimento – análise econômica da produção extemporânea de amora-preta. Os resultados demonstraram antecipação de até 45 dias em relação ao sul do país, sem influência sob a qualidade dos frutos. Além disso, esta...
The blackberry is an option for diversification of culture and a great family farming enterprise, because of their rusticity, fast return economic and acceptability of the consumer. The use of plant regulators aims to earlier harvesting, avoiding the usual crop period and consequently obtaining better prices. This way, have been studied the effects of the use of plant regulators in the maturation of the branches and breaking of dormancy of the blackberry plants cv. Brazos and economic analysis in extemporaneous production. The study includes: The study includes: 1st project - tested to dormancy break of plants, evaluating the effect of 10 treatments on plants with and without the use of Etefon before fructification pruning, done on two applications of 720 mg L-1; and after the pruning, submission of same to the application of gibberellic acid (10%), Dormex or hydrogen cyanamide (5%), Etefon (3600 mg L-1) and potassium nitrate (3%) and the control treatment. 2nd design - has tested the effect of maturing branch, using 13 treatments corresponding the Etefon vezes(0, 720, 1440, 2880 and 5760 mg L-1) applied in single-dose and at 2 and 4 divided vezesbefore fructification pruning. In both cases the experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. 3rd project - economic analysis of extemporaneous production blackberry. The results showed anticipation of up to 45 days compared to the south of the country, without influence on... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Suzuki, Erika Tiemi 1986. "Produção extemporânea de amora-preta com uso de reguladores vegetais e nitrato de potássio em regiões tropicais /." Botucatu :, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93541.
Full textBanca: Nobuyo Narita
Banca: Aparecida Conceição Boliani
Banca: Terezinha de Fátima Fumis
Resumo: A amoreira-preta é uma opção de diversificação de cultura e um ótimo empreendimento à agricultura familiar, devido a sua rusticidade, rápido retorno econômico e aceitabilidade do consumidor. Faz necessário o conhecimento do comportamento da espécie e das tecnologias a serem empregadas para a viabilidade de seu cultivo sob as condições paulistas, principalmente devido à concorrência com o sul do país, a qual é o maior produtor da fruta. A utilização de reguladores vegetais tem por finalidade à antecipação da colheita, evitando-se o período de safra usual e conseqüentemente, obtenção de melhores preços. Desta forma, estudaram-se os efeitos da utilização de reguladores vegetais na maturação dos ramos e quebra de dormência das plantas de amora-preta cv. Brazos e a análise econômica na produção extemporânea. O estudo engloba: 1° experimento - quebra de dormência das plantas, avaliando-se o efeito de 10 tratamentos correspondentes a plantas com e sem uso de Etefon antes da poda de frutificação, feita em duas aplicações de 720 mg L-1; e posteriormente à poda, submissão das mesmas à aplicação de ácido giberélico (10%), Dormex ou cianamida hidrogenada (5%), Etefon (3600 mg L-1) e nitrato de potássio (3%), além da testemunha. 2° experimento - efeito de maturador de ramo, utilizando-se de 13 tratamentos correspondentes a vezesde Etefon (0, 720, 1440, 2880 e 5760 mg L-1), sendo aplicadas em dose única e subdivididas em 2 e 4 vees, antes da poda de frutificação. Nos dois casos o delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. 3° experimento - análise econômica da produção extemporânea de amora-preta. Os resultados demonstraram antecipação de até 45 dias em relação ao sul do país, sem influência sob a qualidade dos frutos. Além disso, esta... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The blackberry is an option for diversification of culture and a great family farming enterprise, because of their rusticity, fast return economic and acceptability of the consumer. The use of plant regulators aims to earlier harvesting, avoiding the usual crop period and consequently obtaining better prices. This way, have been studied the effects of the use of plant regulators in the maturation of the branches and breaking of dormancy of the blackberry plants cv. Brazos and economic analysis in extemporaneous production. The study includes: The study includes: 1st project - tested to dormancy break of plants, evaluating the effect of 10 treatments on plants with and without the use of Etefon before fructification pruning, done on two applications of 720 mg L-1; and after the pruning, submission of same to the application of gibberellic acid (10%), Dormex or hydrogen cyanamide (5%), Etefon (3600 mg L-1) and potassium nitrate (3%) and the control treatment. 2nd design - has tested the effect of maturing branch, using 13 treatments corresponding the Etefon vezes(0, 720, 1440, 2880 and 5760 mg L-1) applied in single-dose and at 2 and 4 divided vezesbefore fructification pruning. In both cases the experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. 3rd project - economic analysis of extemporaneous production blackberry. The results showed anticipation of up to 45 days compared to the south of the country, without influence on... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Schenck, Charles. "Pollution saline de l'eau souterraine et de l'air liee aux activites economiques en haute alsace : incidences agronomiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13220.
Full textGALANTE, ANA M. S. "Caracterizacao de compostos quimicos para dosimetria das radiacoes em processos industriais." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1999. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10750.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Findik, Hamide. "Potassium Permanganate/ Carboxylic Acid/ Organic Solvent: A Powerful Reagent For C-c Bond Formation, Aryl Coupling Reactions And Enone Oxidation Ipso-nitration Of Arylboronic Acids With Silver Nitrite/ Tmscl." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610472/index.pdf.
Full text-acetoxylation of enones and the a-acetoxylation of aromatic ketones were carried out with potassium permanganate and acetic acid, in which acetoxylation products were obtained in 74-96% yields. The same reaction was carried out with carboxylic acids other than acetic acid, which furnished corresponding acyloxy ketones with the same regioselectivity. For the first time, formyloxylation products were synthesized in a 61-85% yield by using formic acid. The potassium permanganate and acetic acid method was also used for aryl coupling reactions. The reaction of arylboronic acids and aryl hydrazines in benzene with potassium permanganate and acetic acid in turn furnished biaryls in a 85-96% yield. We showed that potassium permanganate/carboxylic acid/organic solvent behaves as manganese(III) acetate. In the second part of the thesis, ipso-nitration of arylboronic acids with AgNO2/ TMSCl was performed. Nitration of aromatic compounds is one of the most extensively studied reactions, and nitroaryl moieties play key roles in the physical and chemical properties of many target molecules in organic synthesis. For electrophilic nitration of aromatic compounds, a wide variety of reagents are available to date. Most of them are very strong nitrating agents and often lead to further nitration and mixture of isomers. Since most nitrating agents are oxidants, oxidation of other functional groups can also occur, giving a mixture of products. Thus, a search for milder and selective nitrating agents is a good research goal. In this work, we aimed to apply AgNO2/ TMSCl system to ipso nitration of arylboronic acids.
TARBES, JEROME. "Etude de composes lamellaires de type graphite : densite d'impulsions du nitrure de bore, par spectrometrie compton; defauts dans les graphites et les composes d'insertion du potassium, par annihilation de positons." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066661.
Full textMasri, Ahlam El. "Influence de la modification de la surface des électrodes sur la réduction du monoxyde de carbone et l'oxydation de dialdéhydes et de dialcools." Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPG0003.
Full textLee, Che-An, and 李哲安. "Modeling and Simulation of a Potassium Nitrate Batch Eutectic Freeze Crystallization Process." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n34fzq.
Full text國立臺灣大學
化學工程學研究所
106
Eutectic freeze crystallization (EFC) separates aqueous solution into ice and salt crystals simultaneously by operating the process at the system’s eutectic point. It is a novel crystallization process which is an effective, low cost, safe and clean process. In this research, simulation is performed using code written in Matlab. A batch crystallization is set up to separate ice and potassium nitrate from a potassium nitrate solution into crystalline form. Seeds of both species are added. A critical seed loading chart is produced for both species to understand more about the kinetics of both crystallization processes and make predictions for the EFC process. The moments, nucleation rate and growth rate during the batch is calculated, and the final crystal size distributions based on number and volume are plotted. In addition, the seed loading, seed mean size, seed mass and heat removal strategy of the process are adjusted to study the effects on the simulation results. The effects on nucleated mass ratio and seed-grown mass ratio is investigated. The feature of EFC is that two or more crystal species form at the same time, and these species will affect each other significantly on the crystals’ properties, and this could be observed in some of the results.
Yang, Ching-Yi, and 楊靜宜. "Influences of Potassium Nitrate And Fluoride in Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching on Surface Enamel." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t357tu.
Full text國立成功大學
口腔醫學研究所
92
Numerous studies evaluated the effects of carbamide peroxide-containing bleaching agents on tooth hard tissues and showed significant changes of the enamel including increased porosity, non-uniform changes and the morphological alteration of the surface enamel. Also, tooth sensitivity is a common side effect of tooth bleaching. A study has demonstrated that the addition of potassium nitrate and fluoride produced less tooth sensitivity and resulted in no significant difference in the degree of perceived whitening. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of potassium nitrate and fluoride when they were incorporated in a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel for whitening. Changes in superficial morphology and mechanical properties of the enamel will be evaluated in this study. Seventy-five bovine teeth are used and their incisal-third enamel surfaces are divided into three round areas with preformed tape. Every round area is randomly treated in one of the following ways: untreated (employed as the media for comparison), treated with 10% carbamide peroxide gel or 10% carbamide peroxide gel containing 3% (wt/vol) potassium nitrate and 0.11 (wt/vol) fluoride. The bleaching period are 56 hours, 112 hours and 168 hours. Ten teeth in various time-period groups will be inspected with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fifteen teeth of each group will be assessed using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Microhardness test was following AFM evaluation with the same specimens. All the data of average surface roughness from AFM evaluation and microhardness test were analyzed statistically. The addition of 3% (wt/vol) potassium nitrate and 0.11% (wt/vol) fluoride into 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching causes enamel surface less erosion effect with SEM evaluation, but more value of average surface roughness under AFM analysis when compared with 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching after 56-hours, 112-hours and 168-hours period. As for as microhardness test, there is not any statistically significant differences among unbleached and bleached enamel.
Ndlovu, Nozizwe. "In vitro antimicrobial properties of a mouthrinse containing glycerine, potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/4735.
Full textTsai, Zong-Hao, and 蔡宗皓. "Establishment and Efficacy of the Purification Method of Waste Industrial-Grade Potassium Nitrate as Glass Manufacturing Process." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5x6dez.
Full text國立虎尾科技大學
生物科技研究所
103
In this study, the development and efficacy of the purification new method of waste potassium nitrate were by reducing the sodium ion concentration in the waste to enhance the potassium nitrate purity. Potassium nitrate was applied in chemically strength. It allows the glass to increase resistance to impact forces. The purification method of waste potassium nitrate included: 1) The samples were added custom stainless steel high-temperature furnace; 2) The samples were heated and melted into a liquid; 3) Molten liquid was used for cooling and processing thermostat. In the final, the waste potassium nitrate were purified and separated. After purifying, the potassium nitrate was still useful. After this experiment operation, the sodium ion concentration of waste potassium nitrate was reduced from 0.6% to 0.22% and the average waste potassium nitrate recoveries ratio was 75%. Thus, the purified potassium nitrate could be recycled to use again. Therefore, because of there were didn''t have to change new batch of potassium nitrate in every each time. Chemically strengthened glass manufacturing process was effectively reducing production costs.