Journal articles: 'Potassium nitrate'

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Young, Jay A. "Potassium Nitrate." Journal of Chemical Education 82, no. 9 (September 2005): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed082p1305.

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Aliev, Amil R., Isa R. Akhmedov, Murad G. Kakagasanov, Zakir A. Aliev, and Akhmed M. Amirov. "MOLECULAR RELAXATION IN BINARY SYSTEMS NaNO3 – NaNO2, KNO3 – KNO2." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 7 (June 18, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20186107.5660.

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In the present study, the molecular relaxation processes in crystalline sodium nitrate NaNO3, crystalline sodium nitrite NaNO2, crystalline potassium nitrate KNO3, crystalline potassium nitrite KNO2, and in solid binary salt systems sodium nitrate – sodium nitrite NaNO3 – NaNO2 and potassium nitrate - potassium nitrite KNO3 – KNO2 were studied with the Raman spectroscopic methods. We have found that the relaxation time of the fully symmetric vibration of n1 (A) of the molecular nitrate anion NO3– in the solid binary salt systems “nitrate – nitrite” NaNO3 – NaNO2 or KNO3 – KNO2 is lower than in the individual crystalline nitrate NaNO3 or KNO3, respectively. It is shown that the increase in the rate of intramolecular relaxation is explained by the presence in the binary system of an additional relaxation mechanism of the vibrationally excited states of the nitrate ion NO3–. This relaxation mechanism of the nitrate ion NO3– in a binary system is associated with the excitation of a lower-frequency vibration of another anion (nitrite ion NO2–) and the "birth" of a lattice vibration (phonon). The frequency of this phonon is equal to the difference in the vibration frequencies of the nitrate ion NO3– and nitrite ion NO2–. It is established that the condition for the realization of such a relaxation mechanism is that the difference in the frequency of these oscillations of the nitrate ion NO3– and nitrite ion NO2– must correspond to the region of a sufficiently high density of states of the phonon spectrum of the solid binary salt system under study. The maximum frequency of the phonon spectrum of the system is determined by its Debye temperature. For ionic salt systems, the Debye temperature is always higher than 200 K, and often more than 300 K. Therefore, in the solid binary salt systems, the proposed relaxation mechanism is almost always relevant.Forcitation:Aliev A.R., Akhmedov I.R., Kakagasanov M.G., Aliev Z.A., Amirov A.M. Molecular relaxation in the binary systems NaNO3 – NaNO2, KNO3 – KNO2. Izv. Vyssh.Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 7. P. 23-30

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Danilina, Veronika V., Dmitry I. Chernov, Dmitry G. Cherkasov, and Konstantin K. Il’in. "Extractive crystallization of salts in the ternary systems sodium (potassium, cesium) nitrate – water – triethylamine." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 21, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2021-21-2-159-168.

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A comparative analysis of the results of our polythermal study of the ternary systems sodium (potassium, cesium) nitrate – water – triethylamine has been carried out to estimate the efficiency of the use of triethylamine in the extractive crystallization of alkali metal nitrates from water–salt solutions containing 43.0, 44.0, 45.0, 46.0, and 47.0 wt. % sodium nitrate in the range of 10.0–25.0°C, 20.0, 21.0, and 22.0 wt.% potassium nitrate and 18.0, 19.0, 20.0 and 21.0 wt. % cesium nitrate in the range of 20.0–25.0°C. The dependences of the yield of these salts on the amount of triethylamine added and temperature have been found. It has been established that the maximum yield of sodium nitrate (79.4%) is observed for the aqueous solution with 47 wt.% salt upon the introduction of 90 wt.% triethylamine at 25.0° C. The maximum yield in the systems potassium (cesium) nitrate – water – triethylamine was 68.9% (22 wt. % potassium nitrate solution) and 66.2% (21 wt. % cesium nitrate solution) at 20.0° C and 90 wt. % amine content.

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Mochinaga, Junichi, Kazuo Igarashi, and Yasuhiko Iwadate. "Molar volumes of the molten sodium nitrate-potassium nitrate-sodium nitrite system." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 30, no. 3 (July 1985): 274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je00041a011.

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Guzii, Sergii G., Ihar Bazhelka, Volodymyr Romaniuk, and Svitlana Davydivna Lapovska. "Influence of Nitrate Species ANO3 and ANO3·nH2O on Physico-Mechanical Properties of the Aluminosilicate Adhesives for Wood and Wooden Structures." Solid State Phenomena 325 (October 11, 2021): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.325.143.

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The article presents the results of studies of the effect of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium nitrates on the physical and mechanical properties of aluminosilicate adhesives intended for gluing wood and structures based on them. Nitrates were introduced into the aluminosilicate adhesive of composition Na2O·Al2O3·6SiO2·20H2O in amounts of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt. %. Changes in the shear strength along the fibers of substrates made of pine, beech, and oak wood were studied after 7 and 28 days of hardening of aluminosilicate adhesives in vivo. It is shown that for gluing pine wood it is most expedient to use adhesives containing lithium nitrate, potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate is within 1.5 wt. %, the shearing strength along the fibers after 28 days of hardening is 1.7-1.8 times higher than the strength of the adhesive without additives. For gluing beech wood, it is most advisable to use adhesives containing potassium and ammonium nitrate in an amount of 1.5 wt. %, the shearing strength along the fibers after 28 days of hardening is 1.5 times lower than the strength of the adhesive without additives. For gluing oak wood, it is most advisable to use adhesives containing lithium nitrate, potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate in amounts of 0.5 and 1.5 wt. %, the shear strength along the fibers increases by 1.3-1.5 times for 7 and 28 days of hardening compared to the strength of the adhesive without additives. According to the degree of influence on strength, modifying additives can be ranked in the series LiNO3×3H2O>KNO3>NH4NO3>NaNO3.

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Smeets, Ellen T. H. C., Ronald P. Mensink, Jordi P. D. Kleinloog, and Peter J. Joris. "Acute Effects of Inorganic Nitrate Intake on Brachial and Femoral Flow-Mediated Vasodilation, and on Carotid Artery Reactivity Responses: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Study in Abdominally Obese Men." Nutrients 14, no. 17 (August 29, 2022): 3560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14173560.

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Most trials on the effects of inorganic nitrate intake have focused on only one specific aspect of the endothelial cell response to a stimulus, thereby possibly missing other important effects. The aim of the present randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over study was therefore to investigate in eighteen healthy abdominally obese men (18–60 years, waist circumference ≥ 102 cm) acute effects of potassium nitrate on brachial and femoral flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), and on carotid artery reactivity (CAR) to a cold pressure test. Participants received in random order a drink providing 10 mmol potassium nitrate (i.e., 625 mg of nitrate) or an iso-molar placebo drink with potassium chloride. Fasted and 4 h post-drink FMD and blood pressure measurements were performed. CAR responses were assessed at 4 h. Circulating nitrate plus nitrite concentration increased following nitrate intake (p = 0.003). Compared with placebo, potassium nitrate did not affect brachial (mean [95% confidence interval]: −0.2% [−2.5, 2.1], p = 0.86) and femoral FMD responses (−0.6% [−3.0; 1.7], p = 0.54). CAR responses were also not different (−0.8% [−2.5, 0.9], p = 0.32). Finally, changes in blood pressure and heart rate did not differ. No adverse events were observed. In conclusion, this trial did not provide evidence for effects of a single dose of inorganic nitrate on 4 h vascular endothelial function in abdominally obese men.

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GOVARI (Μ. ΓΚΟΒΑΡΗ), M., and A. PEXARA (Α. ΠΕΞΑΡΑ). "Nitrates and Nitrites in meat products." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 66, no. 3 (January 31, 2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15856.

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Nitrates and nitrites have been traditionally used as curing agents in the production of cured meat products. Beneficial effects of the addition of nitrates and nitrites to meat products are the improvement of quality characteristics as well as the microbiological safety. The nitrates and nitrites are mainly responsible for the development of the distinct flavor, the stability of the red color, as well as the protection against lipid oxidation in cured meat products. The nitrites show important bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal activity against several spoilage bacteria as well as foodborne pathogens found in meat products. The nitrites prevent the growth and toxin production by Clostridium botulinum. According to Commission Regulation (EU) No. 1129/2011, nitrates (sodium nitrate, E251; potassium nitrate, E252) and nitrites (potassium nitrite, E249; sodium nitrite, E250) are listed as permitted food additives. Nitrates are relatively non-toxic, but nitrites, and nitrites metabolic compounds such as nitric oxide and N-nitroso compounds, have raised concern over potential adverse health effects. Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that ingested nitrates or nitrites are probable carcinogen to humans under conditions favoring the endogenous nitrosation. Legal limits for the addition of nitrates and nitrites have been set by several countries and EU [Commission Regulation (EU) No. 601/2014]. Several data from recent reviews conducted in several countries on the levels of nitrates and nitrites in cured meat products were summarized. In recent reviews, the residual levels of nitrites in cured meat samples have been constantly reduced and are in accordance with the legal limits set by most countries.

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Batal, K. M. "EFFECTS OF NITROGEN SOURCE, RATE, AND APPLICATION FREQUENCY ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF ONION." HortScience 26, no. 5 (May 1991): 490h—491. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.490h.

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Commercial N fertilizer formulations, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrates (15-0-14 and 13-0-44) applied at 84 and 168 kg N/ha in 3 or 5 split applications did not affect total marketable yield of dry onion. Application frequencies causing an increase in total amount of N applied during the spring months (Feb.-Apr.) increased marketable yield by 5 MT/ha. Bulb decay was the highest when ammonium nitrate was applied, whereas the least number of decayed bulbs resulted from sodium nitrate applications. Plants grown with potassium nitrate (13-0-44) were most susceptible to cold injury. Ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate applications produced the highest percentage of onions that bolted. The lowest percentage of plants showing bolting incidence resulted from calcium nitrate applications. Bolting of onions was closely associated with rapid growth and increased onion size. However, cold injury and bulb decay were not influenced by these growth factors.

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Boyko, Olexandra, and Viktor Brygadyrenko. "Nematicidal Activity of Inorganic Food Additives." Diversity 14, no. 8 (August 17, 2022): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14080663.

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The food industry is not the only sphere of human activity where inorganic food additives are globally used. In certain concentrations, they are safe for people and agricultural animals. Nonetheless, they impose a negative impact on other classes of living organisms. Therefore, our objective was to determinine the influence of some inorganic food additives (alkalis, acids, salts) on the vitality of nematode larvae that parasitize agricultural animals: Strongyloides papillosus, Haemonchus contortus and Muellerius capillaris. We studied the effects of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, boric acid, phosphoric acid, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium nitrite, potassium nitrite, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium bisulfite, sodium bisulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, calcium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, sodium metabisulfite, potassium metabisulfite, copper sulfate pentahydrate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium triphosphate, sodium borate decahydrate and talc. In in vitro experiments, the strongest effects were produced by alkalis sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. In 24 h, 1% solutions of those substances killed 69% of larvae of S. papillosus, H. contortus and M. capillaris of various development stages. Sodium sulfate was effective against all stages of larvae of S. papillosus, and also against first-age M. capillaris. Nematocidal properties only against all stages of S. papillosus were exerted by copper sulfate pentahydrate. Non-invasive stages of S. papillosus nematodes were affected only by phosphoric acid, ammonium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, sodium nitrite, calcium sulfate, potassium metabisulfite, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium triphosphate and the same stages of M. capillaris—by phosphoric acid, sodium bisulfite and potassium nitrite.

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Jassim Alrawi, Saad Thabit. "Effect of potassium nitrate plus vitamin C in feed of rabbits on the some biochemical parameters." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 40, no. 2 (January 5, 2017): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v40i2.125.

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This study is conducted at investigating the effect of potassium nitrate and vitamin C in feed of the rabbits on the some biochemical parameters. Twenty eight adult New-Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into four groups (7 rabbits each), they were fed potassium nitrate and vitamin C for 16 weeks as follow: Group 1 (G1) fed potassium nitrate (168 mg/ kg B.W./ daily), group 2 (G2) fed potassium nitrate (168 mg/ kg B.W./ daily) and vitamin C (50 mg/ kg B.W./ daily), group 3 (G3) fed potassium nitrate (168 mg/ kg B.W./ daily) and vitamin C (100 mg/ kg B.W./ daily) and group 4 (G4) fed basal ration as control group. Blood were collected from heart at zero, eight, twelve and sixteen weeks. The results showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in cholesterol, triglyceride and blood nitrogen urea in the group that had fed potassium nitrate G1 compared with G4, whereas the groups that were fed vitamin C with potassium nitrate showed a mild decrease compared with group potassium nitrate that had been fed potassium nitrate alone (G1). In conclusion, the feeding rabbits with potassium nitrate caused an increase in cholesterol, triglyceride and blood urea concentration in the serum, whereas the vitamin C ameliorates this effect.

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Beshley, S., V. Baranov, and Y. Shpak. "Effect of coal fly ash and potassium humate on nitrogen and carbon contents in coal industry dump substrate and organs of Sorghum drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) Millsp. & Chase." Visnyk of Lviv University. Biological series, no. 85 (February 25, 2021): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vlubs.2021.85.05.

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Researched ammonium, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen and organic carbon contents in gray-black unburned rock substrate from coal industry waste rock dump of Central Enrichment Factory (CEF) owned by PJSC “Lviv Coal Company” (Lviv Oblast, Ukraine) and total nitrogen and organic carbon contents in organs of Sorghum drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) Millsp. & Chase under effect of coal fly ash from the Dobrotvir thermal power plant (Lviv Oblast, Ukraine) and potassium humate “ГКВ-45” (made by LLC “PARK”, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine). Found high content of organic carbon and ammonium nitrogen in waste rock dump substrate with contrast to low content of nitrite and nitrate nitrogen compare to relatively optimal soil mixture of the standard. Detected low carbon and nitrogen contents in organs of S. drummondii which grew on the waste rock dump substrate, as well as a significantly increased carbon/nitrogen-ratio (in this research the ratio of organic carbon content to total nitrogen content) compare to plants of the standard. Addition of coal fly ash in waste rock dump substrate decreased ammonium nitrogen and organic carbon contents with contrast to nitrite and nitrate nitrogen increasing, as well as organic carbon and total nitrogen in roots, stalks and leaves of researched plants. Introduction of potassium humate increased nitrite and nitrate nitrogen contents in waste rock dump substrate, organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in organs of S. drummondii. Changing of both studied macronutrients contents in plants under the effect of ameliorants caused decreasing carbon/nitrogen-ratio to the direction of the standard values. Growing of S. drummondii grass for 95 days increased organic carbon content in all options of substrates except the rock with potassium humate addition and decreased ammonium, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen contents in all researched options of substrates without exceptions. Noted that combined effect of coal fly ash and potassium humate on carbon and nitrogen contents in waste rock dump substrate and organs of S. drummondii is stronger than just one of both above mentioned researched ameliorants.

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Kasperczyk, Lidia, Magdalena Modelska, and Stanisław Staśko. "Pollution indicators in groundwater of two agricultural catchments in Lower Silesia (Poland)." Geoscience Records 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/georec-2016-0007.

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Abstract The article discusses the content and source of mineral nitrogen compounds in groundwater, based on the data collected in two river catchments in two series (spring and autumn 2014). The study area comprises two catchments located in Lower Silesia, Poland - Cicha Woda and Sąsiecznica. Both catchments are characterised agricultural character of development. In the both researched areas, the points of State Environmental Monitoring (SEM) are located but only the Cicha Woda area is classified as nitrate vulnerable zone (NVZ). To analyse and compare the contamination of Quaternary and Neogene aquifers, the concentration of nitrates, nitrites, ammonium and potassium ions was measured primarily. Results showed the exceedance of nitrogen mineral forms of shallow groundwater Quaternary aquifer in both basins. The concentration of nitrates range from 0.08 to 142.12 mgNO3 −−/dm3 (Cicha Woda) and from 2.6 to 137.65 mg NO3 −−/dm3 (Sąsiecznica). The major source of pollution is probably the intensive agriculture activity. It causes a degradation of the shallow groundwater because of nitrate, nitrite, potassium, phosphates and ammonium contents. There was no observed contamination of anthropogenic origin in the deeper Neogene aquifer of Cicha Woda catchment.

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Daneshniya, Milad, Mohammad Hossein Maleki, and Mohammad Reza Daneshniya. "The Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential of Persian Indigenous Herbs as an Alternatives for Nitrate and Nitrite in the Preservation of Meat and Meat Products: An Overview." European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety 15, no. 9 (September 5, 2023): 73–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91338.

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The consumption of animal products, including meat and meat products, has increased globally with increased household income. Spoilage by microbes, autolytic enzymes, and lipid oxidation can cause the deterioration of meat and meat products, which has a considerable economic and environmental impact. Meat curing, which includes the addition of salt, nitrite, and sometimes nitrate to fresh meat cuts, enables a preservative effect by removing moisture and reducing the water activity of the meat. Nitrates and nitrites have been traditionally used as curing agents in the production of cured meat products. Sodium and potassium nitrates and sodium and potassium nitrites are used in meat curing because they stabilize red meat color, inhibit some spoilage and food poisoning anaerobic microorganisms, delay the development of oxidative rancidity, and contribute to flavor development. The beneficial effects of adding nitrates and nitrites to meat products are the improvement of quality characteristics and microbiological safety. However, several studies have indicated that nitrates and nitrites intake should be limited owing to their potential carcinogenic effect on humans. Therefore, the consumer demand for natural or nitrate- and nitrite-free meat products remains high. There is a need to find alternative natural plant material that provides alternative antioxidant and antimicrobial activities since they are noncarcinogenic and reliable; they can substitute or reduce nitrates and nitrites with minimal or no quality compromise of sensory attributes and shelf-life. Hence in this overview, we focused on Persian indigenous herbs, their essential oil and extracts' chemical composition, and their relation to their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity to find out how the essential oils and extracts of the herbs can be applied to meat and meat as a natural substitute.

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Guzii, Sergii G., Volodymyr Romaniuk, Svitlana Davydivna Lapovska, Oleg Semkiv, and Ihar Bazhelka. "Influence of ANO₃ and ANO₃·nH₂O Nitrates on the Deformation Properties of Aluminosilicate Adhesives for Wood Products and Structures." Materials Science Forum 1038 (July 13, 2021): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1038.210.

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As a result of the research, the deformation properties of aluminosilicate adhesives modified with nitrate salts and intended for gluing wooden products and structures made of pine, beech and oak wood at different stages of their hardening were determined. Considering that pine is the most common wood in the manufacture of products and structures, then in order to reduce the numerical values of the elastic modulus in glued materials, it is advisable to add ammonium, lithium and sodium nitrates in an amount of 0.5%, potassium nitrate in an amount of 1% into the composition of an aluminosilicate adhesive. which will ensure the approximation of the elastic modulus values to the values of the unmodified aluminosilicate adhesive and will significantly affect the water resistance of the glue joint and the depth of penetration of the adhesive into the wood structure. For gluing beech wood products to reduce the elasticity modulus, it is advisable to introduce 0.5% ammonium and potassium nitrates and 1% lithium and sodium nitrates, which will reduce the numerical values of the elastic modulus in glued materials by 1.18 and 1.53 times compared with the values of the elastic modulus of the unmodified aluminosilicate adhesive. For gluing oak wood products to reduce the elasticity modulus, it is advisable to introduce 0.5% potassium nitrate and 1.5% sodium nitrate, which will reduce the numerical values of the elastic modulus in glued materials by 1.4 and 2.83 times compared to the values modulus of elasticity of unmodified aluminosilicate adhesive.

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Szécsényi, Katalin Mészáros, and István J. Zsigrai. "emf Studies of silver nitrate-potassium nitrate melts." Electrochimica Acta 37, no. 1 (January 1992): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(92)80016-f.

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Schardey, A., J. Richter, and H. A. Øye. "Viscosity of Potassium Nitrate + Silver Nitrate Melt Mixtures." Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie 92, no. 1 (January 1988): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.198800013.

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Kodols, Maris, Sabine Didrihsone, Janis Grabis, and Laura Rozenberga-Voska. "The Influence of Different Molten Salt Systems on Zinc and Bismuth Tungstate Formation." Key Engineering Materials 604 (March 2014): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.604.142.

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The influence of different molten salt environments on formation of tungstates has been studied. Well crystalline and pure Bi2WO6 have been prepared in potassium nitrite KNO2 (350°C), potassium chloride KCl (800°C) and mixture of potassium-sodium sulphates K2SO4-Na2SO4 (800°C), but ZnWO4 have been successfully synthesized in sodium nitrate NaNO3 (350°C), mixture of sodium-potassium chlorides NaCl-KCl (680°C), potassium chloride KCl (780°C) and mixture of potassium-sodium sulphates K2SO4-Na2SO4 (850°C). The higher surface area and photocatalytic activity show powders prepared at lower temperature.

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Go, Cheongah, Junhyung Kim, Youngchul Park, Youngtaek Moon, Taeseok Seo, and Byungtae Ryu. "Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Boron-Potassium Nitrate (BKNO3) by TGA." Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 23, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2019.23.2.104.

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Coviello, Donatella, Raffaella Pascale, Rosanna Ciriello, Anna Maria Salvi, Antonio Guerrieri, Michela Contursi, Laura Scrano, Sabino A. Bufo, Tommaso R. I. Cataldi, and Giuliana Bianco. "Validation of an Analytical Method for Nitrite and Nitrate Determination in Meat Foods for Infants by Ion Chromatography with Conductivity Detection." Foods 9, no. 9 (September 4, 2020): 1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9091238.

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Nitrate and nitrite as sodium or potassium salts are usually added to meat products to develop the characteristic flavor, to inhibit the growth of microorganisms (particularly Clostridium botulinum), and effectively control rancidity by inhibiting lipid oxidation. However, both nitrate and nitrite ions need to be monitored for ensuring the quality and safety of cured meats. In this work, for the first time the content of nitrite and nitrate ions in homogenized meat samples of baby foods was determined by a validated method based on ion chromatography (IC) coupled with conductivity detection. Recoveries of nitrate and nitrite ions in meat samples were not lower than 84 ± 6%. The detection limits of nitrate and nitrite were 0.08 mg L−1 and 0.13 mg L−1, respectively. Five commercial samples of homogenized meat, namely lamb, rabbit, chicken, veal, and beef, for infant feeding were investigated; while nitrite content was below the detection limit, nitrate ranged from 10.7 to 21.0 mg kg−1. The results indicated that nitrate contents were below the European (EU) fixed value of 200 mg kg−1, and an acceptable daily intake of 3.7 mg kg−1 was estimated.

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Conceição, Beatriz Santos, Eugênio Ferreira Coelho, Mauro Aparecido Martinez, José Antonio Do Vale Sant’Ana, João José Da Silva Junior, and Alisson Jadavi Pereira Da Silva. "COEFICIENTE DE CULTIVO E EXTRAÇÃO DE NITRATO E POTÁSSIO DA BANANEIRA ‘PRATA GORUTUBA’." IRRIGA 22, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 832–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2017v22n4p832-846.

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COEFICIENTE DE CULTIVO E EXTRAÇÃO DE NITRATO E POTÁSSIO DA BANANEIRA ‘PRATA GORUTUBA’ BEATRIZ SANTOS CONCEIÇÃO1; EUGÊNIO FERREIRA COELHO2; MAURO APARECIDO MARTINEZ3; JOSÉ ANTONIO DO VALE SANT’ANA4; JOÃO JOSÉ DA SILVA JUNIOR5 E ALISSON JADAVI PEREIRA DA SILVA6 ¹ Instituto Federal do Mato Grosso, IFMT, Avenida Vilmar Fernandes,300,Confresa-MT,e-mail: biasantos1@hotmail.com²Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua Embrapa s/n, caixa postal 007, Cruz das Almas- BA, e-mail: eugenio.coelho@embrapa.br 3Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola ,UFV, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa – MG. CEP: 36570-900, e-mail: mmauro@ufv.br4Instituto Federal do Mato Grosso, IFMT, Avenida Vilmar Fernandes,300,Confresa-MT,e-mail: jose.santana@cfs.ifmt.edu.br5Universidade de Brasília, UNB, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia-DF,e-mail: joaojsjunior@outlook.com6Instituto Federal Baiano, IFBaino,Estrada da Igara, s/n-Zona Rural, Senhor do Bonfim-BA e-mail: alissonagr@gmail.com) 1 RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar o coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) para bananeira ‘Prata Gorutuba’ e avaliar a quantidade de nitrato e potássio extraído pela cultura em lisímetro de drenagem, em condições de fertirrigação. Os tratamentos utilizados foram obtidos pela combinação de dois tipos de solos de textura distinta (Argiloso arenoso e Areia franca) e três concentrações (3,0 g L-1, 6,0 g L-1 e 9,0 g L-1) para aplicação do nitrato de potássio na água de irrigação, que foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Os maiores valores médios da evapotranspiração foram obtidos para o solo argilo arenoso, fato refletido no Kc, em que esse solo apresentou maiores valores, o que pode ser atribuída as diferenças de evaporação da água no solo. Em todas as três concentrações avaliadas a quantidade de nitrato e potássio extraído foi crescente até a fase de floração, havendo decréscimo na fase de floração a frutificação, sendo as quantidades de potássio extraído superiores aos valores de nitrato. Verificou-se que qualquer uma das três concentrações (3,0; 6,0 e 9,0 g L-1) podem ser utilizadas na fertirrigação com nitrato de potássio sem prejuízos para cultura, conforme os valores de nitrato observados na solução do solo que ficaram dentro dos limites aceitáveis (abaixo de 400 mgL-1). Palavras-chave: Evapotranspiração; Fertirrigação; Absorção. CONCEIÇÃO, B. S.; COELHO, E. F.; MARTINEZ, M. A.; SANT’ANA, J. A. V.; SILVA JUNIOR, J. J. da; SILVA, A. J. P. daCROP COEFFICIENT AND EXTRACTION OF NITRATE AND POTASSIUM FROM “PRATA GORUTUBA” BANANA 2 ABSTRACT The objective of this paper was to determine the cultivation coefficient (Kc) for “Prata Gorutuba” banana and to evaluate the amount of nitrate and potassium extracted by the crop in a drainage lysimeter under fertigation conditions. The treatments were obtained by the combination of two types of different textured soils and three concentrations for the application of potassium nitrate in irrigation water, which were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with four replications. The highest mean values of evapotranspiration were obtained for sandy clay soil, a fact reflected in Kc, in which this soil had higher values, which can be attributed to differences in water evaporation in the soil. In all three concentrations evaluated, the amount of nitrate and potassium extracted increased until the flowering phase, with fruiting decreasing in the flowering phase, with the amount of potassium extracted being higher than the nitrate values. It was found that any of the three concentrations (3, 6 and 9 g L-1) can be used in fertigation with potassium nitrate without crop damage, according to the nitrate values observed in the soil solution, which were within acceptable limits (Below 400 mgL-1). Keywords: Evapotranspiration; Fertigation; Absorption.

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Jurišová, Jana, Pavel Fellner, Vladimír Danielik, Marek Lencsés, Milan Králik, and Rastislav Šípoš. "Preparation of potassium nitrate from potassium chloride and magnesium nitrate in a laboratory scale using industrial raw materials." Acta Chimica Slovaca 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acs-2013-0003.

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Abstract Preparation of potassium nitrate from magnesium nitrate and potassium chloride was investigated. Prepared potassium nitrate contains less than 0.5 % chlorides and it can be applied as environmentally friendly fertilizer in hydroponic systems. After filtration out potassium nitrate crystals from the reciprocal system K+, Mg2+//Cl-, NO3- - H2O, the mother liquor still contains reasonable amount of potassium cations. By evaporation of the mother liquor, carnallite (MgCl2・KCl・6H2O) with admixture of MgCl2・6H2O crystallizes out. Decomposition of carnallite with cold water makes it possible to separate potassium chloride from this compound. When this KCl is returned back to the process of KNO3 making, utilization of potassium as high as 97 % can be achieved.

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Tatarczak-Michalewska, Małgorzata, Jolanta Flieger, Justyna Kawka, Wojciech Płaziński, Wojciech Flieger, Eliza Blicharska, and Dariusz Majerek. "HPLC-DAD Determination of Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Saliva Utilizing a Phosphatidylcholine Column." Molecules 24, no. 9 (May 6, 2019): 1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091754.

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The aim of this research was to optimize the separation and quantitative determination of nitrites and nitrates in human saliva. HPLC with UV absorption (HPLC/DAD) using a phosphatidylcholine column (IAM.PC.DD2 Regis HPLC) was applied in this assay. Nitrates were detected directly by their absorbance at 210 nm, whereas nitrites were detected after oxidation to nitrates by potassium permanganate at acidic conditions. The kinetics of the permanganate–nitrite reaction was measured chromatographically. The calibration graph for nitrates was linear in the range of 0.5–35 µg mL−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The limit of detection was 4.56 ng mL−1. The calibration graph for nitrites (after oxidation to nitrates) was linear in the range of 0.5–15 µg mL−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9972. The limit of detection was 4.21 ng mL−1. The nitrate concentrations in the saliva samples were found in the range of 8.98–18.52 μg mL−1, whereas nitrite was in the range of 3.50–5.34 μg mL−1.

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Jacková, A., P. Siklenka, and J. Pleva. "Transrenal passage of nitrates and nitrites in calves (short communication)." Archives Animal Breeding 42, no. 3 (October 10, 1999): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-42-235-1999.

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Abstract. In a study with 12 calves on milk nutrition, the course of methemoglobinemia as well as ttansrenal passage of nitrates and nitrites after single per os administrations of 4 g NaNO2 per animal and 30 g KNO3 per animal in the form of water Solutions has been observed. The response of the organism of calves to per os administered doses of sodium nitrite and potassium nitrate was observed by the determination of tlie methemoglobin percentage in blood and the nitrate and nitrite content in urine before the administration ofthe respective dose and after h 1, 2, 3 and 4 after the administration. A significant elevation in the values of methemoglobin was recorded after h 2 after the administration of 4g NaNO3 per animal. The mean value of methemoglobin in blood was 18.84% of total hemoglobin. A slight decline in the values occurred as early as after h 3 after the administration. Of clinical signs, cyanosis of visible mucosae was observed. The highest nitrite and nitrate values in urine were determined after h 2 after per os administration of 4g NaNO2, With the administration of 30g KNO3 per animal, the most pronounced elevation in methemoglobinemia was observed after h 3, when the means values of methemoglobin was 11,75%. Of clinical signs, only slight cyanosis of mucosae was detectable. Maximum values of nitrates in urine of experimental calves after h 3 after the administration of 30 g KNO3 per animal, with the mean value of 29,9 mM NO3−1 clearly demonstrate a good transrenal passage of nitrates in calves on milk nutrition.

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24

Liubertas, Tomas, Jonas Poderys, Zigmantaite Vilma, Sandrija Capkauskiene, and Pranas Viskelis. "Impact of Dietary Potassium Nitrate on the Life Span of Drosophila melanogaster." Processes 9, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081270.

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The recently defined and yet rather new topic of healthy aging is attracting more attention worldwide. As the world population is getting older, it is rapidly becoming essential to develop and maintain functional abilities at older age and develop mechanisms to protect the senior population from chronic diseases. One of the most effective components, as well as processes associated with aging, is the recently discovered and Nobel prize-awarded—nitric oxide (NO) (as a signaling molecule), which, followed by later discoveries, showed to have a positive metabolic, immunological, and anti-inflammatory effect. Nitrates are one of the most debated topics of the last decade in the scientific community due to their pathways involved in the production of nitric oxide. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of different potassium nitrate concentrate supplementation on Drosophila melanogaster longevity imitating a human carbohydrate-based diet with relationship to possible cause of oxidative stress. Influence of 0.5–3% potassium nitrate medium on the lifespan and motor function in different groups consisting of 100 fruit fly females in each was analyzed. In this assay, female fly species supplemented with potassium nitrate diet showed life span increase by 18.6% and 5.1% with 1% and 2% KNO3, respectively, with a positive impact on locomotor function. In conclusion, we found that low concentration of potassium nitrate medium increased lifespan and locomotor function in Drosophila melanogaster.

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Lança, Maria, Maria Lourenço, Fernando Santos, Valentim Nunes, and Carlos Nieto de Castro. "Viscosity of molten potassium nitrate." High Temperatures-High Pressures 33, no. 4 (2001): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/htwu496.

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26

Polishchuk, O. M., A. A. Fakeev, V. Z. Krasil’shchik, and A. G. Vendilo. "Preparation of extrapure potassium nitrate." Inorganic Materials 48, no. 8 (July 14, 2012): 836–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168512070138.

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27

YASHIRO, Hitoshi, and Kazuo TANNO. "Thermal decomposition of potassium nitrate in the potassium nitrate-lodine cycle for hydrogen production." NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI, no. 8 (1988): 1261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1988.1261.

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28

Batak, Ivana, Marijana Dević, Zlatko Gibal, Dragoljub Grubišić, Kenneth L. Poff, and Radomir Konjević. "The effects of potassium nitrate and NO-donors on phytochrome A- and phytochrome B-specific induced germination of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds." Seed Science Research 12, no. 4 (December 2002): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2002118.

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AbstractNitrogenous compounds, such as potassium nitrate, potentiate germination of different species of light-requiring seeds. Using light-induced Arabidopsis thaliana seed germination as a model system, our data suggested that only phytochrome A (phyA)-specific induced germination was affected after the exogenous application of nitrates, different nitric oxide (NO)-donors (such as organic nitrates) or sodium nitroprusside. The stimulative effect was very pronounced. Treated seed samples reached maximal germination after very short periods of red-light irradiation. To a far lesser extent, these substances affected phytochrome B (phyB)-specific induced germination. In phyB-specific induced germination, potassium nitrate was most effective, but germination percentages never exceeded 50%. The least effective was sodium nitroprusside, which practically did not affect phyB-specific induced germination. These results were confirmed using corresponding phytochrome mutants.

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Al-Saif, Adel M., Walid F. A. Mosa, Abaidalah A. Saleh, Muhammad Moaaz Ali, Lidia Sas-Paszt, Hesham S. Abada, and Mahmoud Abdel-Sattar. "Yield and Fruit Quality Response of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) to Foliar Spray of Potassium, Calcium and Kaolin." Horticulturae 8, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8100946.

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To study the effect of potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and kaolin (Aluminum silicate) on pomegranate cv. Wonderful, this study was conducted during 2020–2021 to investigate the possibility of minimizing the percentages of sunburn and fruit cracking and ameliorating the yield and fruit quality of pomegranate during the aforementioned period. Four sprays consisting of potassium nitrate at 1%, 2% and 3%, calcium nitrate at 2%, 3% and 4%, kaolin at 2%, 4% and 6% and water only (control) were sprayed on pomegranate trees during May, July, and August. The results showed that through spraying the fruit at set percentages, fruit yield was greatly increased through the spraying of potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and kaolin, particularly the application of potassium nitrate at 3% and 4% and kaolin at 6% as opposed to than the other percentages. In addition, the percentages of fruit cracking and sunburn were markedly lessened by the application of calcium nitrate at 4% and 6% and also by kaolin at 6%. Moreover, the fruit content from TSS, total sugars and anthocyanin, was improved through the spraying of potassium nitrate at 2% and 3%, whereas the fruit weight and firmness were improved by the application of calcium nitrate at 4% and kaolin at 6%.

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30

Bergman, Erica M., Michelle Marshal, Brian Weesies, Bill Argo, and John Biernbaum. "257 LEAF PETIOLE NITRATE AND POTASSIUM LEVELS IN POTTED PLANTS GROWN AT THREE NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM LEVELS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 466e—466. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.466e.

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Twelve species of flowering potted plants were grown in a peat-based medium with water soluble fertilizer concentrations of 50, 100, or 200 mg·liter-1 N and K2O. Leaf blade or leaf petiole samples were collected six to eight weeks after planting. Sap was expressed using a hydraulic press and levels of nitrate nitrogen and potassium were determined using Cardy flat sensor ion meters. Petiole nitrate level ranged from 520 to 6300 mg·liter-1 and potassium levels ranged from 870 to 3600 mg·liter-1. The petiole nitrate concentration and change in petiole nitrate levels with changes in media nitrate levels was crop dependent. Leaf blade nitrate and potassium concentrations were lower than leaf petiole concentrations. The relationship of petiole nitrate to final plant fresh and dry mass and appearance at flowering will be presented.

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31

Alharbi, Khadiga, Samia A. Haroun, Amany M. Kazamel, Mohammed A. Abbas, Safia M. Ahmaida, Muneera AlKahtani, Latifa AlHusnain, Kotb A. Attia, Khaled Abdelaal, and Rasha M. E. Gamel. "Physiological Studies and Ultrastructure of Vigna sinensis L. and Helianthus annuus L. under Varying Levels of Nitrogen Supply." Plants 11, no. 14 (July 20, 2022): 1884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11141884.

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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizers (potassium nitrate and/or urea) on shoot parameters, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, and nitrogen fractions, as well as to conduct transmission electron microscopy, of Vigna sinensis L. (cowpea) and Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) leaves. A general improvement was recorded in the shoot parameters of the two plants, except for a decrease in the net assimilation rate by treatment of the two plants with 100% potassium nitrate plus 100% urea. The total nitrogen, insoluble protein, and total soluble nitrogen generally decreased in cowpea shoots from the treatments but increased in case of cowpea roots and sunflower shoots and roots. The examination of the ultrastructure changes in cowpea leaves confirmed the presence of two starch granules (in response to 100% potassium nitrate, 100% potassium nitrate plus 100% urea, and the control) and three granules (in response to 50% potassium nitrate plus 50% urea) and the disappearance of the starch granules (in response to 100% urea). Despite the starch granules not being detected in the leaves of the untreated sunflower, the treated plant showed the appearance of the highest number after treatment with 50% potassium nitrate plus 50% urea (2) and the most cell size with the 100% potassium nitrate treatment. Generally, our findings demonstrated that fertilization with 50% potassium nitrate plus 50% urea has the best influence on the growth parameters and nitrogen content in the two plants, but the magnitude of response was more pronounced in case of cowpea plants.

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Milinskiy, Alexey Yu, and Anton A. Antonov. "Dielectric properties of a potassium nitrate–ammonium nitrate system." St. Petersburg Polytechnical University Journal: Physics and Mathematics 1, no. 3 (October 2015): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spjpm.2015.11.005.

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33

Williams, M. Coburn, Burton J. Smith, and Lopez V. Rafael. "Effect of Nitrogen, Sodium, and Potassium on Nitrate and Oxalate Concentration in Kikuyugrass." Weed Technology 5, no. 3 (September 1991): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00027317.

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Kikuyugrass was analyzed for nitrate (expressed as KNO3) and soluble oxalate concentration after it was grown for 8 wk in nutrient solution supplemented with KCl, NaCl, or NH4NO3; fertilized in the greenhouse with urea and KNO3 at 112 kg N ha-1; and fertilized in the field in Hawaii and Panama with urea at 56 and 112 kg N ha-1. Both treated and untreated kikuyugrass grown in nutrient solution contained toxic levels of nitrates and soluble oxalates. Plants treated with urea in the greenhouse contained 0.4% nitrate (nontoxic) 72 h after treatment whereas those treated with KNO3 contained 2.36% nitrate (highly toxic). Fertilization of kikuyugrass with urea in Panama and Hawaii did not significantly affect soluble oxalate concentration, but nitrate concentration increased to potentially lethal levels (over 1.5% as KNO3, dry wt) in plants from Hawaii.

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34

Buczek, J. "Ammonium and potassium effect on nitrate assimilation in cucumber seedlings." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 48, no. 2 (2015): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1979.014.

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The effect of ammonium present in the induction medium toghether with nitrate on the activity of nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamic acid dehydrogenase (GDH) and absorption and accumulation of NO3- in cucumber seedlings were investigated. Maximum NR and NiR activity in the cotyledons was observed when seedlings were supplied with KNO3 as the sole source of nitrogen. When plants were supplied with NH4NO3 the presence of NH4+ in the induction medium repressed by about 50 per cent the activity of both reductases in the cotyledons. Addition of K+ to this medium abolished completely the inhibitory effect of NH4+. The effect of K+ cannot be replaced by that Na+ ions. On the other hand, ammonium has no effect on the level of NR activity in roots, while NiR was almost completely repressed. Under the experimental conditions ammonium, in the presence of nitrates, decreased the activity of GDH, but this diminution did not occur when the plants were supplied with K+ simultaneously. It has found that NH4+ ions reduced NO3- absorption but at the same time, the ratio of NO3- absorbed to that reduced was increased more than twice. The presumable mechanism of these phenomena is discussed.

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35

Hickman, Gary W., and Ed Perry. "Evaluation of Products to Enhance Tree Stump Decay." HortTechnology 4, no. 4 (October 1994): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.4.4.367.

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Three commercially available tree stump removal products: Dexol Stump Remover, Cooke Stump Remover & Potassium Nitrate, and Lily/Miller Stump Remover and Potassium Nitrate, as well as three nitrogen-containing fertilizers—potassium nitrate (13-0-45), ammonium nitrate (34-0-0), and ammonium sulfate (21-0-0), were evaluated for their ability to hasten decomposition of the stumps of two tree species [Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Paulownia tomemtosa (Thunb.) Steud.]. None of the products accelerated decay in either species after 8 weeks.

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36

Dadang, S., T. Kawanishi, N. Shimizu, and Y. Hayashi. "Nitrate removal rate in a continuous column denitrification reactor using hydrogen generated by electrolysis with carbon anodes and stainless cathodes." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2002): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0714.

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An autotrophic continuous denitrification process, using hydrogen generated by electrolysis with activated carbon anodes, was experimentally demonstrated to be an effective nitrate removal process. Several fixed bed columns with polypropylene packing and honeycomb shaped activated carbon anodes and stainless rod cathodes were set in a thermostat chamber at 30°C, and potassium nitrate enriched tap water as influent was supplied at various flow rates and electric currents. Although the anode is in the same column where microbial biomass grows, sufficient nitrate removal was observed. For example, almost complete removal of nitrate and nitrite was observed at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) as short as 1.8 h. A model assuming successive denitrification reactions and plug-flow process, nitrate reduction rate = k1[NO3−] [H2], and nitrite reduction rate = k2 [NO2−]H2]1.5 was proposed. Calculated results with k1 = 1.3 mmol−1 h−1 and k2 = 3.3 mmol−1.5•h−1 agreed well with all the experimental results.

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37

Sohaskey, Charles D. "Regulation of nitrate reductase activity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by oxygen and nitric oxide." Microbiology 151, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 3803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28263-0.

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Nitrate reduction by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is regulated by control of the transport of nitrate into the cell by NarK2. When oxygen was introduced into hypoxic cultures, nitrite production was quickly inhibited. The nitrate-reducing enzyme itself is relatively insensitive to oxygen, suggesting that the inhibition of nitrite production by oxygen was a result of interference with nitrate transport. This was not due to degradation of NarK2, as the inhibition was reversed by the removal of oxygen although chloramphenicol prevented new synthesis of NarK2. The oxidant potassium ferricyanide was added to anaerobic cultures to produce a positive redox potential in the absence of oxygen. Nitrite production decreased, signifying that oxidizing conditions, rather than oxygen itself, were responsible for the inhibition of nitrate transport. Nitric oxide added to cultures allowed NarK2 to be active even in the presence of oxygen. A similar result was obtained with hydroxylamine and ethanol, both of which interfere with oxygen utilization and the electron transport chain. It is proposed that NarK2 senses the redox state of the cell, possibly by monitoring the flow of electrons to cytochrome oxidase, and adjusts its activity so that nitrate is transported under reducing, but not under oxidizing, conditions.

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38

Urrestarazu, Miguel, Isidro Morales, Tommaso La Malfa, Ruben Checa, Anderson F. Wamser, and Juan E. Álvaro. "Effects of Fertigation Duration on the Pollution, Water Consumption, and Productivity of Soilless Vegetable Cultures." HortScience 50, no. 6 (June 2015): 819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.6.819.

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The management of water and nutrient ions, such as nitrate, has been studied extensively in recent decades. Increasingly efficient models have been developed for the use of water and nutrients through the automation of fertigation techniques. The application of a fertigation volume for a duration four times longer than applied on the control was evaluated. In Almería (Spain), one pepper crop and two tomato crops—with and without grafting—were grown between Oct. 2013 and June 2014 in a soilless system with a coir substrate. The effects on root growth, plant growth, production, and quality were measured. The following parameters for the fertigation of the nutrient solution and drainage were recorded: % drainage volume, electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution, pH, and concentration of nitrates and potassium. The absorption of potassium and nitrate, and the nitrate emissions of the drainage were estimated. The results showed an increase in the root volume and an improved distribution in the cultivation unit for the treatment application in the pepper crop. Slowing the applied fertigation improved the absorption of water and nitrates, and the production in the ungrafted tomato and pepper crops, while the grafted tomato crop was unaffected. Nitrate emissions were lower in the evaluated treatment of the pepper and ungrafted tomato crops. The fruit quality parameters were unaffected.

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39

Heredia-Martinez, Agustina, Guillermo Rosa-Diez, Jorge R. Ferraris, Anna-Karin Sohlenius-Sternbeck, Carina Nihlen, Annika Olsson, Jon O. Lundberg, Eddie Weitzberg, Mattias Carlström, and Rafael T. Krmar. "Plasma Nitrate and Nitrite Kinetics after Single Intake of Beetroot Juice in Adult Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis and in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study." Nutrients 14, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 2480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14122480.

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Nitric oxide (NO) contributes to maintaining normal cardiovascular and renal function. NO is generally formed enzymatically by NO synthase in the vascular endothelium. NO bioactivity can also be attributed to dietary intake of inorganic nitrate, which is abundant in our diet, especially in green leafy vegetables and beets. Ingested nitrate is reduced to nitrite by oral commensal bacteria and further to NO systemically. Previous studies have shown that dialysis, by means of removing nitrate and nitrite from the body, can reduce NO bioactivity. Hence, dietary intervention approaches aimed to boost the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway may be of benefit in dialysis patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the kinetics of plasma nitrate and nitrite after a single intake of nitrate-rich concentrated beetroot juice (BJ) in adult hemodialysis (HD) patients and in healthy volunteers (HV). Eight HD patients and seven HV participated in this single center, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Each participant received a sequential single administration of active BJ (70 mL 400 mg nitrate) and placebo BJ (70 mL 0 mg nitrate) in a random order separated by a washout period of seven days. For the kinetic analysis, blood samples were collected at different time-points before and up to 44 h after BJ intake. Compared with placebo, active BJ significantly increased plasma nitrate and nitrite levels both in HD patients and HV. The area under the curve and the maximal concentration of plasma nitrate, but not of nitrite, were significantly higher in HD patients as compared with HV. In both groups, active BJ ingestion did not affect blood pressure or plasma potassium levels. Both BJs were well tolerated in all participants with no adverse events reported. Our data provide useful information in planning dietary nitrate supplementation efficacy studies in patients with reduced NO bioactivity.

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Kiani, Anam Zahid, Sobia Hassan, and Talha Rafiq. "Clinical Comparison of 5% Potassium Nitrate and 10% Strontium Chloride Toothpastes in Alleviating Dentin Hypersensitivity Following Manual Scaling: A Pilot Study." Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association 30, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25301/jpda.301.56.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of dentifrices containing potassium nitrate and strontium chloride in reducing dentinal sensitivity pain. METHODOLOGY: A pilot study was conducted in Islamic International Dental Hospital Islamabad, Pakistan (Duration two weeks). Forty participants were selected, aged between 18-40 years, having dentin hypersensitivity with the minimum score of 4 on Visual Analog Scale. Participants were randomly allocated with dentifrices containing 5% w/w potassium nitrate and 10 % w/w strontium chloride and were asked to use it for 2 weeks and come back for follow up. Statistically significant correlations were found using the Man Whitney test. A pre-designed proforma was used to acquire information about the patient. Sensitivity was determined with the aid of the Visual Analog Scale. RESULTS: There was greater reduction in moderate pain from 85.8% to 71.4% with strontium chloride and from 84.2% to 79% with potassium nitrate. CONCLUSION: 10 % w/w strontium chloride is more effective than the 5% w/w potassium nitrate for the management of dentin hypersensitivity. KEYWORDS: Toothpastes, Sensitivity, Strontium Chloride, Potassium Nitrate HOW TO CITE: Kiani AZ, Hassan S, Rafiq T. Clinical comparison of 5% potassium nitrate and 10% strontium chloride toothpastes in alleviating dentin hypersensitivity following manual scaling: A pilot study. J Pak Dent Assoc 2021;30(1): 56-60.

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Astiari, Ni Komang Alit, Luh Kartini, Ni Putu Anom Sulistiawati, and I. Nyoman Rai. "Efforts to produce Siamese citrus fruit out of season and fruit quality improvement through application of potassium nitrate and agrodyke fertilizer." International journal of life sciences 2, no. 3 (October 12, 2018): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijls.v2n3.206.

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The research aimed to find out the efforts to produce off-season orange fruit and increase the quality of fruit through the application of potassium nitrate and agrodyke organic fertilizer. The study used a factorial randomized block design with 2 treatment factors. The first factor is the flower induction application using potassium nitrate (K) consisting of 3 levels, namely (K0 = 0 g/tree), (K1 = 20 g/tree), and (K2 = 40 g/tree). While the second factor is the application of agrodyke organic fertilizer (P) consisting of 4 levels, namely (P0 = 0 g / tree), (P1 = 15 g/tree), (P2 = 30 g / tree) and (P3 = 45 g/tree). There are 12 combination treatments and each of them is repeated 3 times so that 36 tree plants are needed. The results showed the interaction between potassium nitrate treatment with agrodyke organic fertilizer treatment had no significant effect on all observed variables. Potassium nitrate treatment and agrodyke organic fertilizer can significantly improve the quality of orange citrus fruit out of season physically. In the treatment of potassium nitrate 40 g/tree, the weight of the harvested fruit per tree was obtained, the weight per fruit and the highest fruit diameter were 13703.90 g; 99.92 g and 6.81 cm or an increase of 62.24%; 16.32% and 9.49% compared with no treatment of potassium nitrate which is 8446.60 g; 87, 42 g and 6.22 cm.

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Srinivasan, Bikshandarkoil R. "On the existence of ‘glycine barium nitrate potassium nitrate’ crystal." Optik 125, no. 14 (July 2014): 3606–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2014.01.075.

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Moroz, O. M., S. O. Hnatush, H. V. Yavorska, G. I. Zvir, and O. V. Tarabas. "Influence of potassium dichromate on the reduction of sulfur, nitrate and nitrite ions by bacteria Desulfuromonas sp." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 13, no. 2 (June 4, 2022): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/022220.

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This article presents the regularities of reduction of sulfur, nitrate and nitrite ions by sulfur reducing bacteria Desulfuromonas sp., which were isolated from the water of the man-made Yavorivske Lake (Lviv Region, Ukraine), under the influence of potassium dichromate. This bacteria in the process of anaerobic respiration can use and reduce different electron acceptors, such as sulfur, nitrates, nitrites, oxidized forms of heavy metals, in particular, hexavalent chromium. Technogenically altered ecotopes are characterized by complex pollution, so several electron acceptors are available to bacteria at the same time. Strains of microorganisms isolated from such ecotopes are adapted to unfavourable conditions and therefore have high biotechnological potential. The purpose of this work was to investigate the regularities of elemental sulfur, nitrate or nitrite ion usage by sulfidogenic bacteria of Desulfuromonas genus in conditions of simultaneous presence in the medium of another electron acceptor – Cr(VI), to establish the succession of reduction of electron acceptors by strains of these bacteria and to evaluate the efficiency of their possible application in technologies of complex purification of the environment from metal compounds and other inorganic toxicants. Bacteria were grown under anaerobic conditions in Kravtsov-Sorokin medium without SO42– and without Mohr’s salt for 10 days. To study the efficiency of sulfur, nitrate or nitrite ions’ reduction at simultaneous presence in the medium of Cr(VI) bacteria were sown in media with elemental sulfur, NaNO3, NaNO2 or K2Cr2O7 to final S0, NO3–, NO2–or Cr(VI) concentration in the medium of 3.47 (concentration of SO42– in medium of standard composition) or 1.74, 3.47, 5.21, 6.94 and 10.41 mM. Biomass was determined by the turbidimetric method, and the concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium ions, hydrogen sulfide, Cr(VI), Cr(ІІІ) in cultural liquid were determined spectrophotometrically. It has been established that Cr(VI) inhibits the biomass accumulation and hydrogen sulfide production by bacteria of Desulfuromonas sp. after simultaneous addition into the medium of 3.47 mM S0 and 1.74–10.41 mM Cr(VI). In the medium with the same initial content (3.47 mM) of S0 and Cr(VI) bacteria produced Cr(III) at concentrations 3.3–3.4 times higher than that of hydrogen sulfide. It has been shown that K2Cr2O7 inhibits biomass accumulation, nitrate ions’ reduction and ammonium ions’ production by bacteria after simultaneous addition into the medium of 3.47 mM NO3– and 1.74–10.41 mM Cr(VI) or 1.74–10.41 mM NO3– and 3.47 mM Cr(VI). In the medium with the same initial content (3.47 mM) of NO3– and Cr(VI) bacteria reduced up to 1.2 times more nitrate ions than Cr(VI) with the production of ammonium ions at concentrations the same times higher than those of Cr(III). It has been established that K2Cr2O7 inhibits biomass accumulation, nitrite ions’ reduction and ammonium ions’ production by bacteria after simultaneous addition into the medium of 3.47 mM NO2– and 1.74–10.41 mM Cr(VI) or 1.74–10.41 mM NO2– and 3.47 mM Cr(VI). In the medium with the same initial content of (3.47 mM) NO2– and Cr(VI) the reduction of Cr(VI) by bacteria was only slightly, up to 1.1 times, lower than the reduction of nitrite ions, almost the same concentrations of trivalent chromium and ammonium ions were detected in the cultural liquid. The processes of nitrate and nitride reduction carried out by bacteria of Desulfuromonas genus were revealed to be less sensitive to the negative influence of sodium dichromate, as compared with the process of sulfur reduction, because in the media with the same initial content (3.47 mM) of NO3– or NO2– and Cr(VI) bacteria produced 1.1–1.2 times more NH4+ than Cr(III), but in the medium with the same initial content (3.47 mM) of S0 and Cr(VI) ) bacteria produced over than three times more Cr(III) than hydrogen sulfide. Our data allow us to conclude that bacteria of Desulfuromonas genus, the investigated strains of which are adapted to high concentrations (up to 10.41 mM) of inorganic toxicants, play an important role in the geochemical cycles of sulfur, nitrogen and chromium in aquatic environments that have been under anthropogenic influence.

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Kreuser, Katherine, William C. Kreuser, Gautam Sarath, and Keenan L. Amundsen. "Potassium Nitrate Alters Buffalograss Bur Permeability." HortScience 51, no. 12 (December 2016): 1566–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci11126-16.

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Buffalograss is a warm-season, dioecious grass species yielding burs, which are routinely used for field plantings. The pistillate plants bear the burs containing 1–5 caryopses. Isolated caryopses readily germinate, but caryopses contained within burs exhibit strong dormancy, suggesting that burs inhibit germination. Priming burs with low concentrations of potassium nitrate (KNO3) is used as an industry standard to improve germination. Seed dormancy and germination in many species are strongly influenced by endogenous hormone levels, principally abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA). It follows that buffalograss seed dormancy might be induced or overcome by altering the ratio of ABA to GA. The objectives of this research were 1) to contrast the effects of priming with KNO3 or water on bur germination, 2) to study how these treatments affected hormone profiles, specifically the ABA/GA ratios in the burs, and 3) to quantify treatment effects on the water permeability of the burs. Hormone profiles were analyzed following four postharvest seed-soaking treatments (24-hour 0.05 m KNO3, 24-hour H2O, 48-hour 0.05 m KNO3, and 48-hour H2O). Water infiltration tests on nontreated, 24-hour H2O-treated, and 24-hour 0.05 m KNO3-treated seeds were also conducted. Inconclusive hormone profiling results did not support the hypothesis that KNO3 postharvest treatment raises GA levels to encourage germination. Instead, our data support changes in seed morphology following KNO3 postharvest seed treatments which alter water permeability of the seedcoat leading to increased germination.

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Adiwidjaja, Gunadi, and Dieter Pohl. "Superstructure of α-phase potassium nitrate." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 59, no. 12 (November 30, 2003): i139—i140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270103025277.

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Guillou, N., J. P. Auffrédic, and D. Louër. "Cerous Potassium Nitrate, K3Ce2(NO3)9." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 51, no. 6 (June 15, 1995): 1032–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270194014939.

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Laval, Philippe, Céline Giroux, Jacques Leng, and Jean-Baptiste Salmon. "Microfluidic screening of potassium nitrate polymorphism." Journal of Crystal Growth 310, no. 12 (June 2008): 3121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.03.009.

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Cuin, T. A., A. J. Miller, S. A. Laurie, and R. A. Leigh. "Nitrate interference with potassium-selective microelectrodes." Journal of Experimental Botany 50, no. 340 (November 1, 1999): 1709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/50.340.1709.

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Naberezhnov, Aleksandr, Ekaterina Koroleva, Ewa Rysiakiewicz-Pasek, Aleksandr Fokin, Anna Sysoeva, Alexandra Franz, Maksim Seregin, and Mihael Tovar. "Phase transitions in nanostructured potassium nitrate." Phase Transitions 87, no. 10-11 (October 15, 2014): 1148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01411594.2014.953954.

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Cai, Jing, Ping Zheng, and Qaisar Mahmood. "Effect of cathode electron acceptors on simultaneous anaerobic sulfide and nitrate removal in microbial fuel cell." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 4 (November 6, 2015): 947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.570.

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The current investigation reports the effect of cathode electron acceptors on simultaneous sulfide and nitrate removal in two-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Potassium permanganate and potassium ferricyanide were common cathode electron acceptors and evaluated for substrate removal and electricity generation. The abiotic MFCs produced electricity through spontaneous electrochemical oxidation of sulfide. In comparison with abiotic MFC, the biotic MFC showed better ability for simultaneous nitrate and sulfide removal along with electricity generation. Keeping external resistance of 1,000 Ω, both MFCs showed good capacities for substrate removal where nitrogen and sulfate were the main end products. The steady voltage with potassium permanganate electrodes was nearly twice that of with potassium ferricyanide. Cyclic voltammetry curves confirmed that the potassium permanganate had higher catalytic activity than potassium ferricyanide. The potassium permanganate may be a suitable choice as cathode electron acceptor for enhanced electricity generation during simultaneous treatment of sulfide and nitrate in MFCs.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Potassium nitrate'

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