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Journal articles on the topic 'Potassium permanganate oxidation'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Zhao, Xia, He Ming Luo, Hui Xia Feng, and Jian Qiang Zhang. "The Research with Advanced Oxidation Technology to Degrade Organic Matter in Micro-Polluted Water." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 804–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.804.

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Potassium permanganate process is an advanced oxidation technique that can provide a resolution removing organic matter in contaminated water. In this paper, the combination of composite potassium permanganate and a certain coagulant used in this process, which it was particularly suited to rapidly oxidize and degrade pollutants. It was an effective enhanced coagulation, advanced oxidation technique that could be conducted in a normal micro-polluted water environment. A series of experiment results demonstrated that the best adding quantity of composite potassium permanganate was 1.5-3.0mg/l, the best adding quantity of PFS as the coagulant was 25mg/l. Under the above conditions, potassium permanganate oxidation obviously reduced to each pollution index and greatly improved the water quality of purification of micro-polluted water. Furthermore, the organic removal rate with composite potassium permanganate was more than the unitary potassium permanganate process and the current traditional process.

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2

Zhao, Zhi Wei, Jun Sheng Li, and Jin Long Zuo. "The Songhua River Chemical Pre-Oxidation of Potassium Permanganate." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1234.

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The use of potassium permanganate on the micro-pollutants in the Songhua River water for pre-oxidation, the results showed: potassium permanganate oxidation of organic compounds in water on the Songhua River (CODMn, UV254, TOC) has better removal effect; on cloud degree, have some ammonia removal; little effect on color removal. Potassium permanganate in neutral organic pollutants in the Songhua River water has a good removal.

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3

Shaabani, Ahmad, Farahnaz Tavasoli‐Rad, and Donald G. Lee. "Potassium Permanganate Oxidation of Organic Compounds." Synthetic Communications 35, no. 4 (March 2005): 571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/scc-200049792.

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4

Tian, Zhaohui, Lijun Song, and Xinmin Li. "Effect of Oxidizing Decontamination Process on Corrosion Property of 304L Stainless Steel." International Journal of Corrosion 2019 (August 1, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1206098.

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Corrosion behaviors of 304L stainless steel (SS) and 304L SS with oxides film (preoxidation 304L SS) in 1 g/L potassium permanganate solution of various pH values were investigated by using mass loss, electrochemical measurement and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. The results showed that mass loss of 304L SS increases with the increase of sodium hydroxide or nitric acid concentration in 1 g/L potassium permanganate solution. The polarization curves of 304L SS in potassium permanganate solution show that passive zones are destroyed more easily in acid potassium permanganate solution than alkaline potassium permanganate solution. The corrosion ability of acid potassium permanganate (NP) decontamination solution used for 304L SS is more aggressive than alkaline potassium permanganate (AP) solution. The oxide film on the surface of preoxidation 304L SS can be removed completely in two oxidation reduction decontamination cycles, oxidizing solution of which comprised 0.4g/L sodium hydroxide and 1g/L potassium permanganate. The 304L SS and preoxidation 304L SS performed alkaline oxidation reduction decontamination of 3 cycles were reoxidation. The micromorphology of reoxidation specimens was similar to preoxidation 304L SS. Therefore the chemical decontamination of alkaline oxidizing and acid reducing steps had no negative effect on corrosion of 304L SS and reoxidation of 304L SS carried out decontamination.

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5

Juršić, Branko. "Surfactant assisted permanganate oxidation of aromatic compounds." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 9 (September 1, 1989): 1381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-211.

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Potassium permanganate in aqueous solutions of surfactant can be used to oxidize aromatic compounds to the corresponding acids. It has been found that oxidation of aromatic alcohols and aldehydes proceeds under mild reaction conditions, while the oxidation of alkylbenzenes requires higher temperatures. The yields are very high and the work-up is simple, which makes oxidation with potassium permanganate a convenient synthetic method. Keywords: surfactant, oxidation, aromatic compounds, catalysis.

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6

Ma, Wei Fang, Hao Guo, Jian Dong Ye, Dong Mei Han, and Xiong Wei Ma. "Removal Efficiency and Distribution Characteristics of PAHs in Coking Plant Contaminated Soils by In Situ Chemical Oxidation Remediation." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 1490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1490.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the PAHs removal efficiency in coking plant contaminated soil when disposed by different oxidants with different dosages (hydrogen peroxide, Fenton’s reagent, modified Fenton’s reagent, potassium permanganate, activated sodium persulfate) and the PAHs distribution characteristics in removing parts, soil residue parts, recycling parts and supernate after oxidation reactions. Analyzed the variation characteristics of soil properties (pH and soil temperature) when used different oxidants in oxidation reactions process, screened out the effective and safe remediation oxidants. The research results indicated that the potassium permanganate has the best remediation ability and undemanding reaction conditions than other oxidants. The contaminant which be volatilized into surrounding environment was rarely when disposed by potassium permanganate in remediation process. Consequently, selecting potassium permanganate as remediation oxidant to treat PAHs in coking plant contaminated soils was the best choice.

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7

Joshi, Padmaker L., and Braja G. Hazra. "Cation Exchange Resin Supported Oxidation of Alkylbenzenes and Olefins using Potassium Permanganate†." Journal of Chemical Research 2000, no. 1 (January 2000): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823400103165617.

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Rapid and efficient oxidation of alkylbenzene side chains at the benzylic positions as well as oxidative cleavage of olefins with potassium permanganate in presence of solid polymeric cation exchange resins in good yields is reported.

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8

LI, Na, Maohong FAN, Johannes Van Leeuwen, Basudeb Saha, Hongqun YANG, and C. P. HUANG. "Oxidation of As(III) by potassium permanganate." Journal of Environmental Sciences 19, no. 7 (January 2007): 783–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(07)60131-4.

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9

Shabalin, B. G., and O. M. Lavrynenko. "Destruction of Organic Matter from Radioactively Contaminated Water of Nuclear Power Plants Equipped with VVER (Analytical Review)." Nuclear Power and the Environment 18 (2020): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31717/2311-8253.20.3.8.

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The literature review provides a critical analysis of the current experimental and practical use of oxidative methods for the destruction of organometallic complexes present in liquid radioactive waste (LRW) of nuclear power plants with water-cooled reactors. The main LRW organic complexes (containing ethylenediaminetetraacetate and oxalic acids) and methods of their oxidation by ozonation, addition of potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide are considered. The article outlines the results of combined oxidation (ultraviolet and ozone, supercritical oxidation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, discharge cavitation combined with ozonation) and the processes of sediment formation (secondary waste) from the oxidative decomposition of organic compounds, which result in formation of highly dispersed amorphous Fe (oxy)hydroxide-based sediments. It is shown that ozonation is one of the most efficient methods for the destruction and removal of organic components from aqueous solutions of LRW since ozone has a higher oxidizing power compared to potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide. Currently, ozonation technologies are used at a number of nuclear facilities in the Russian Federation (Kursk, Kalinin and Leningrad NPPs). At the same time, the process of ozone production is highly energy-intensive and time-consuming, which is caused by its low solubility in aqueous solutions. Besides, ozone is a toxic, inflammable and explosive substance that requires special conditions during its production. Despite the fact that oxidation of LRW with potassium permanganate can reduce their activity, the process of destruction of organic complexes with this method leads to formation of significant volumes of manganese dioxide sediments (secondary waste). Also, complete oxidation of organic complexes cannot be achieved even using high concentrations of potassium permanganate. Oxidation of LRW using hydrogen peroxide has several advantages compared to other oxidative methods of water treatment — low cost, possibility to store regardless of the temperature, unlimited solubility in water, and simplicity. However, the efficiency of LRW oxidation with hydrogen peroxide is relatively low due to its selectivity for dissolved substances, which slows down the oxidation of a number of organic compounds. It is established that one of the most promising methods for the destruction of the organic components in LRW is the combined oxidation by physical methods in the presence of an additional oxidizing agent, which promotes the formation of hydroxyl radicals with a high reactivity towards oxidation.

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10

Ling, Min Yan, and Hou He Chen. "Oxidation Chlorination of Thiophene in Coking Benzene." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 1066–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1066.

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Thiophene is a typical thiophenenic sulfur compound that exists in coking benzene. In this paper, investigate oxidation chlorination of thiophene in coking benzene. Potassium permanganate was combined with hydrochloric acid for a new KMnO4/HCl system of oxidation desulfurization. The preliminary results show that the thiophene in the benzene cannot be deep oxidized desulfurization alone potassium permanganate solution even at acetum. The thiophene in the coking benzene could be mostly converted by using KMnO4/HCl system. In suitable reaction conditions thiophene’s removal rate can reach more than 93%.

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11

Mi, Xiao. "Effect of Electrochemical Pretreatment and Flocculation on the Degradation of Pharmaceutical Wastewater." Applied Mechanics and Materials 238 (November 2012): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.405.

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As it is not suitable for bio-treatment method, pharmaceutical wastewater is treated by physiochemical methods in this study. Besides, potassium permanganate oxidation, electrochemical pretreatment and the addition of FeCl3 and AlCl3 after potassium permanganate oxidation were compared. It is proved that electrochemical pretreatment had a little greater degradation efficiency compared with the other two flocculants. Electrochemical oxidation seems to be more cost-effective due to its ease of operation. Electrochemical pretreatment is expected to be a suitable method to assist the pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

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12

Bończa-Tomaszewski, Zbigniew. "The potassium permanganate oxidation of steroidal homoannular dienes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 656–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-112.

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The oxidation of 3β-acetoxycholesta-5,7-diene (1) with potassium permanganate–sodium periodate reagent gave epoxy-diol 2 with almost quantitative yield. Similar oxidation of cholesta-2,4-diene (3) afforded, as well as epoxy-diols 5 and 6, products of cleavage of the double bonds. These results show that formation of epoxy-diols predominates in the case of hindered steroidal dienes (e.g., diene 1), whereas oxidation of unhindered steroidal dienes (e.g., diene 2) gives, in addition to epoxy-diols, products of cleavage of the double bonds.

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13

Cai, Jing, Ping Zheng, and Qaisar Mahmood. "Effect of cathode electron acceptors on simultaneous anaerobic sulfide and nitrate removal in microbial fuel cell." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 4 (November 6, 2015): 947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.570.

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The current investigation reports the effect of cathode electron acceptors on simultaneous sulfide and nitrate removal in two-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Potassium permanganate and potassium ferricyanide were common cathode electron acceptors and evaluated for substrate removal and electricity generation. The abiotic MFCs produced electricity through spontaneous electrochemical oxidation of sulfide. In comparison with abiotic MFC, the biotic MFC showed better ability for simultaneous nitrate and sulfide removal along with electricity generation. Keeping external resistance of 1,000 Ω, both MFCs showed good capacities for substrate removal where nitrogen and sulfate were the main end products. The steady voltage with potassium permanganate electrodes was nearly twice that of with potassium ferricyanide. Cyclic voltammetry curves confirmed that the potassium permanganate had higher catalytic activity than potassium ferricyanide. The potassium permanganate may be a suitable choice as cathode electron acceptor for enhanced electricity generation during simultaneous treatment of sulfide and nitrate in MFCs.

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14

Yin, Jun, and Ying Hu. "Study on Hair Dyeing Wastewater Treatment by the Union Process of Adsorption Coagulation and Potassium Permanganate Oxide." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.638.

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The amount of hair dye wastewater largest stage formed by oxidative hair dye in terms of quantity and quality, there is a serious pollution problem in the aquatic environment. Through analysis of the main component of hair dye to verify the use of activated carbon adsorption - Coagulation - potassium permanganate oxidation technology of wastewater treatment which is effective measures.According to different types of hair dye,about 80% of the market demand oxidative hair dye brown was selected to study. The results showed that the COD of 2427mg / L, the chromaticity of the hair 1000 times wastewater using 1300mg / L activated carbon adsorption treatment alone, the removal rates were 37.79%, 18.29%; in this condition and 140mg / L of mixed PAC condensate combined treatment, removal rates were 90.09%, 90.56%; potassium permanganate solution 70mg / L continues oxidation treatment, the removal rate reached 90.34 %, 97.37 %.

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15

Li, Long, Fang Jiang, Guiqin Jia, and Wei Wang. "Anti-felting Oxidation Treatment of Cashmere Fibers." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 7, no. 3 (September 2012): 155892501200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501200700315.

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Cashmere fiber produces felting during laundering because of its scale. In this work, anti-felting treatment of cashmere fibers was investigated using the potassium permanganate oxidizing method, and the optimum oxidizing treatment parameter was obtained through orthogonal experiment. The fibers felting, tensile property, scale morphology, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and directional frictional effect of oxidized cashmere fibers were also tested. Experimental results showed that optimum anti-felting condition of cashmere fiber was 3g/L potassium permanganate (KMnO4) for 20min under the condition at temperature 50°C and pH3. The felting assembly volume of oxidized cashmere decreased. XPS test showed that hydroxyl group (-OH) content of oxidized cashmere fiber lowed.

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16

Lu, Zhijiang, and Jay Gan. "Isomer-specific oxidation of nonylphenol by potassium permanganate." Chemical Engineering Journal 243 (May 2014): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.01.007.

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17

Knunyants, I. L., S. A. Postovoi, N. I. Delyagina, and Yu V. Zeifman. "Partial oxidation of internal fluoroolefins by potassium permanganate." Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Division of Chemical Science 36, no. 10 (October 1987): 2090–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00961993.

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18

Song, Ya Li, Bing Zhi Dong, Nai Yun Gao, Yu Fang Yang, and Chun Chang. "Pilot Study of a Hybrid Process Combining Oxidation- Coagulation- Microfiltration for Drinking Water Production from Surface Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2360.

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In this study, microfiltration (MF) combined with oxidation and coagulation was investigated for production of drinking water by Huangpu River. The experiment focused on the effects of various oxidants on reduction in fouling and improvement in quality of treated water. 0.5mg/L of ozone, 1.5mg/L of sodium hypochlorite and 0.3mg/L of potassium permanganate were added before membrane to reduce the fouling. The results showed that significant differences in permeate water and trends of TMP exhibited by adding different oxidants. With ozone as pre-oxidation, permeate water could meet China Drinking Water Regulations (CDWR), however, part of water quality met CDWR with sodium hypochlorite and potassium permanganate as pre-oxidation. TMP increased slowly during filtration period for a long time when ozone and sodium hypochlorite were added. With potassium permanganate as pre-oxidation, rapid increase in TMP was observed, which can be attributed to a lot of manganese oxides deposited in the membrane by analyzing chemical cleaning water. Chemical cleaning of membrane could decrease TMP to initial level. Analysis of chemical cleaning solution indicated that organic matters was responsible for the most fouling, and ozone could reduce membrane fouling effectively.

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19

Bi, Liang Wu, Qiu Ge Zhang, Zhen Dong Zhao, and Da Wei Li. "Exploration of Chemical Oxidation of p-Cymene." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 1132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.1132.

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The chemical oxidation of p-cymene was preliminarily studied by several oxidants. The conversion of p-cymene and selectivity of p-cymen-8-ol were both influenced by the factors such as dosage of oxidant, dosage of sulphuric acid, reaction time, reaction temperature and solvent variety. The reasonable oxidation conditions were molar ratio of p-cymene to potassium permanganate 1:3, molar ratio of sulphuric acid to potassium permanganate 0.13:1, mixture of water and acetic acid (1:1, v/v) as solvent, reaction temperature 80 °C and reaction time 9 h. The conversion of p-cymene and selectivity of p-cymen-8-ol were respectively 92.21 % and 69.65 % in the reasonable oxidation conditions. The by-products of p-cymene oxidation mainly included p-iso-propyl benzoic acid, p-isopropyl benzaldehyde and p-methyl acetophenone.

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20

Brown, K. C., and J. A. Weil. "Preparation of 2,2-diaryl-1-picrylhydrazyls using potassium permanganate." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 1836–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v86-301.

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Potassium permanganate is used as a reagent for the oxidation of various 2,2-diaryl-1-picrylhydrazines to their corresponding hydrazyls. Thin-layer chromatography indicates complete oxidation of the hydrazine to free radical, unlike the case with PbO2 (the most widely used oxidant for this purpose). Several other advantages over previous oxidants used to produce the hydrazyls are offered.

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21

Zhao, Jun, Wei Zhang, Mo Jie Sun, and Xing Shuang Wei. "Optimization of the Spectrophotometry Analysis Conditions of the Permanganate Index." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1103.

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Permanganate index (CODMn) is one of the important indicators used to evaluate the pollution level of the water, the current national standard method is the redox titration. The research of measuring permanganate index using adopting the spectrophotometry by using the strong oxidation characteristics of the potassium permanganate. Through research, the selected optimum analysis parameters: detection wavelength 525 nm，potassium permanganate concentration 0.0025 mol/L , sulfuric acid dosage 5.00 mL, heating temperature 90 °C and heating time 30 min. Compared with the national standard method, this method would simplify the reaction process, reduce error and guarantee the test accuracy. The evaluation of this test method confirms it has high accuracy and sensitivity, which is also easy to operate and fulfill the online monitoring.

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22

Chen, Xiaoguo, Bangding Xiao, Jiantong Liu, Tao Fang, and Xiaoqing Xu. "Kinetics of the oxidation of MCRR by potassium permanganate." Toxicon 45, no. 7 (June 2005): 911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.02.011.

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23

HUANG, KUN-CHANG, GEORGE E. HOAG, PRADEEP CHHEDA, BERNARD A. WOODY, and GREGORY M. DOBBS. "Kinetic Study of Oxidation of Trichloroethylene by Potassium Permanganate." Environmental Engineering Science 16, no. 4 (July 1999): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.1999.16.265.

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24

Wali, Anil, Pralhad A. Ganeshpure, and Sheo Satish. "Potassium Permanganate Oxidation of Ketone Oximes. A Deprotective Version." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 66, no. 6 (June 1993): 1847–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.66.1847.

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25

Campiglio, A. "Chemiluminescence determination of naltrexone based on potassium permanganate oxidation." Analyst 123, no. 5 (1998): 1053–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a706647c.

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26

Lickiss, Paul D., and Ronan Lucas. "Oxidation of sterically hindered organosilicon hydrides using potassium permanganate." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 521, no. 1-2 (August 1996): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(95)06068-8.

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27

Zhai, Xihong, Inez Hua, P. Suresh C. Rao, and Linda S. Lee. "Cosolvent-enhanced chemical oxidation of perchloroethylene by potassium permanganate." Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 82, no. 1-2 (January 2006): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.08.007.

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28

Chang, Keng-Chen, Lixiong Li, and Earnest F. Gloyna. "Supercritical water oxidation of acetic acid by potassium permanganate." Journal of Hazardous Materials 33, no. 1 (January 1993): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(93)85063-k.

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29

Raveendran, R., B. Chatelier, and K. Williams. "Oxidation of manganese in drinking water systems using potassium permanganate." Water Supply 2, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2002): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0166.

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South Gippsland Region Water Authority experience manganese problems in most of their surface water reservoirs. Manganese is present in the form of manganese(II) ions and manganic dioxide solids. At low dissolved oxygen levels, the manganic dioxide is reduced to the manganese(II) ion. If not oxidised, the manganese(II) ion escapes through water treatment facilities and enters the supply system. Once in the system, the manganese ions are gradually oxidised to insoluble manganic dioxide causing dirty water problems which can stain clothes and bathing equipment. As part of the water treatment process, manganese(II) can be oxidised to insoluble manganic oxide and then removed by clarification and filtration. Generally, oxidation can be achieved by aeration or chemical oxidation by addition of an oxidising agent such as potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or chlorine. However, due to fluctuations of manganese levels in raw water, treatment techniques are often very difficult. This paper shares the experiences of South Gippsland Water in using potassium permanganate as part of the water treatment process to remove manganese in its surface water reservoirs. Whilst consideration is given to the advantages and disadvantages of alternative oxidation methods, this paper primarily focuses on the use of KMnO4 to remove manganese and the resulting analytical problems associated with monitoring manganese levels.

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30

Dong, Wen Yi, Zi Jun Dong, Feng Ouyang, and Yang Dong. "Potassium Permanganate/ Ozone Combined Oxidation for Minimizing Bromate in Drinking Water." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1490.

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In this study, experiments were conducted to make a comparison in bromate formation between KMnO4/O3 combined oxidation and single ozonation. The effect of KMnO4 dosage, temperature, pH and NOM on bromate formation during KMnO4/O3 combined oxidation was investigated. Result shows that, bromate formation is 26% lower during the process of KMnO4/O3 combined oxidation. The optimal KMnO4 dosage is suggested to be 1mg/L considering balance between bromate inhibition and the residual manganese concentration. When KMnO4 dosage was 1.0mg/L, initial bromide concentration was lower than 80 μg/L, and temperature was below 25°C, combined oxidation can make the formation of bromate under the maximum contaminant level of 10 μg/L. Finally, the probable mechanism of the better behavior of KMnO4/O3 combined oxidation was discussed.

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31

Ishaq Lerrick, Reinner. "DIRECT OXIDATION OF EUGENOL USING A PERMANGANATE." Molekul 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2009): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2009.4.1.62.

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Direct oxidation of eugenol has been done using potassium permanganate. This research attempts to produce benzyl carboxylic acid, an important intermediate reactant for isoflavone synthesis, directly by breaking the p bond of allillic group attached to eugenol. The oxidation procedures were adopted from Wahyuningsih and Kusumaningsih anetol oxidation reactions. There were three modifications done i.e. one polar system of the oxidation environment, variation of time of reflux and temperature. Eugenol was firstly diluted in water by converting to its salt type and then oxidized using KMnO4 at 75 oC for 4 hours. The expected acid was separated by acidifying using sulfuric acid.The result showed that direct oxidation of eugenol using modified method of Wahyuningsih gave only a vicinal diol which undergoes polymerization into product in 80% yield with 83% purity. However, variation of time of reflux of Wahyuningsih method showed the same result with Kusumaningsih method as brown oily viscous liquid. The product was only 38% purity.

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32

Zhao, Yu Hua, Zi Yang Jin, Xu Yan, Xi Wang, and Zuo Peng Wang. "Research on Molybdenum Removal from Water Polluted for Drinking." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 670–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.670.

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Water polluted by molybdenum was treated with the process of pre-oxidation adsorption-coagulation-sedimentation-filtration. Powdered activated carbon can adsorb effectively low concentration molybdenum in water. Potassium permanganate can enhance the adsorption effect of activated carbon. The water treated was up to the Standard for Dinking Water Quality of China, in the condition of molybdenum concentration 0.95 mg/L-1.10 mg/L, turbidity <2 NTU and colority <15 units. And the treatment process is as pre-oxidation 30 min with potassium permanganate concentration of 1 mg/L, adsorption 30 min with powdered activated carbon concentration of 40 mg/L, coagulation 30 min with aluminium polychlorid of 40mg/L and polyacrylamide of 0.8mg/L, sedimentation 90 min, and filtration rate 4 m/h.

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33

Kong, Yanli, Jimin Shen, Zhonglin Chen, Jing Kang, Leitao Fan, and Xia Zhao. "Influence of potassium permanganate pre-oxidation on the interaction of humic acid with cadmium/arsenic." RSC Advances 6, no. 4 (2016): 3048–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra22043b.

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34

HUSSAIN, SAYYED, KATAPALLE RAMDAS, and WANKHEDE D.S. "Kinetics Studies of Oxidation of Furosemide by Acidic Potassium Permanganate." Journal of Ultra Chemistry 13, no. 02 (March 2, 2017): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22147/juc/130203.

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35

Hu, Lanhua, Heather M. Martin, and Timothy J. Strathmann. "Oxidation Kinetics of Antibiotics during Water Treatment with Potassium Permanganate." Environmental Science & Technology 44, no. 16 (August 15, 2010): 6416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es101331j.

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36

Huang, Kun-Chang, George E. Hoag, Pradeep Chheda, Bernard A. Woody, and Gregory M. Dobbs. "Oxidation of chlorinated ethenes by potassium permanganate: a kinetics study." Journal of Hazardous Materials 87, no. 1-3 (October 2001): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(01)00241-2.

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37

Li, X. David, and Franklin W. Schwartz. "DNAPL remediation with in situ chemical oxidation using potassium permanganate." Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 68, no. 1-2 (January 2004): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-7722(03)00144-x.

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Li, X. David, and Franklin W. Schwartz. "DNAPL remediation with in situ chemical oxidation using potassium permanganate." Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 68, no. 3-4 (February 2004): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-7722(03)00145-1.

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39

Jefford, Charles W., and Ying Wang. "Selective, heterogeneous oxidation of alcohols and diols with potassium permanganate." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 10 (1988): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39880000634.

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de Souza e Silva, Paula Tereza, Valdinete Lins da Silva, Benício de Barros Neto, and Marie-Odile Simonnot. "Potassium permanganate oxidation of phenanthrene and pyrene in contaminated soils." Journal of Hazardous Materials 168, no. 2-3 (September 2009): 1269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.007.

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41

Hossain, S. M. Ghausul, and Robert G. McLaughlan. "Oxidation of Chlorophenols in Aqueous Solution by Excess Potassium Permanganate." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 223, no. 3 (September 22, 2011): 1429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0955-x.

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42

Zhang, De Yi, and Li Wen Zheng. "Permanganate Based Chemiluminescence Analysis of Cefoperazon." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 1807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.1807.

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In this paper, a novel method fog determination of chemiluminescence (CL) spectra utilizing LS55 luminescence spectrophotometer was proposed. By this means, the CL spectra generated from the oxidation of cephalosporins with potassium permanganate was investigated. The result indicated that acid potassium permanganate CL system has more then three emitting species, excited state Mn(Ⅱ), Mn(Ⅲ) and singlet oxygen all could be assigned as the possible emitting species of this CL system. Base on above investigation results, sodium cefoperazone in pharmaceutical samples was determined by a CL analysis process combining with flow-injection technique. The detection limits estimated by a conservative model (3σ) of cefoperazone was 0.1µg dm-3, and the maximum relative standard deviation (RSD) was not more than 0.8 % (n=11, ρ=20µg dm-3).

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Shanmugam, Thyagarajan, Joseph Selvaraj, and Uvaraj Mani. "An Improved Ion Chromatographic Method for Fast and Sensitive Determination of Hexavalent Chromium and Total Chromium Using Conductivity Detection." Journal of Chromatographic Science 57, no. 10 (October 28, 2019): 939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmz071.

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Abstract Chromium exists in its two stable oxidation states including trivalent chromium (Cr (III)) and hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) in natural waters. Chromium is an essential micronutrient in the trivalent form; however, the hexavalent form of chromium is considered to be a carcinogen. It is important to determine the chromium content along with speciation. There are a number of methods available for chromium determination. Speciation of chromium is essential to know the exact composition of chromium. Ion exchange chromatography is one of the techniques used to determine Cr (VI). The proposed method can be used to perform the speciation of Cr (III) and Cr (VI). It is a two-step process: first Cr (VI) is determined, followed by total chromium determination by treating the sample with potassium permanganate solution to oxidize the Cr (III) present in the sample to Cr (VI) and determining it as Cr (VI). Conductivity detector is used for the detection. Addition of potassium permanganate solution to the ground water samples for oxidizing the Cr (III) to Cr (VI) is the newly adopted sample preparation technique. The effect of potassium permanganate oxidation is studied in detail in the proposed method. This method can be used for chromium speciation in river water and ground water samples.

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Wang, Xiang Cheng, Dan Li, Sheng Liang Duan, De Bing Li, and Xiu Li Qi. "A New Harmless Disposal Method of Aluminium Phosphide Residue." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 845–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.845.

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Treatment phosphine gas with absorption oxidation, let gas went through the oxidant solution. Use concentration of sodium hypochlorite 1%-8% (w/w) as oxygenate, the absorption rate of phosphine [φ] was various form 41% to 61%. Compared with the other phases, such as hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, iron trichloride, sodium hypochlorite is better as oxidation agent in the process of phosphine gas absorption oxidation.

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Moradinejad, Saber, Caitlin M. Glover, Jacinthe Mailly, Tahere Zadfathollah Seighalani, Sigrid Peldszus, Benoit Barbeau, Sarah Dorner, Michèle Prévost, and Arash Zamyadi. "Using Advanced Spectroscopy and Organic Matter Characterization to Evaluate the Impact of Oxidation on Cyanobacteria." Toxins 11, no. 5 (May 17, 2019): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11050278.

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Drinking water treatment plants throughout the world are increasingly facing the presence of toxic cyanobacteria in their source waters. During treatment, the oxidation of cyanobacteria changes cell morphology and can potentially lyse cells, releasing intracellular metabolites. In this study, a combination of techniques was applied to better understand the effect of oxidation with chlorine, ozone, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide on two cell cultures (Microcystis, Dolichospermum) in Lake Champlain water. The discrepancy observed between flow cytometry cell viability and cell count numbers was more pronounced for hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate than ozone and chlorine. Liquid chromatography with organic carbon and nitrogen detection was applied to monitor the changes in dissolved organic matter fractions following oxidation. Increases in the biopolymer fraction after oxidation with chlorine and ozone were attributed to the release of intracellular algal organic matter and/or fragmentation of the cell membrane. A novel technique, Enhanced Darkfield Microscopy with Hyperspectral Imaging, was applied to chlorinated and ozonated samples. Significant changes in the peak maxima and number of peaks were observed for the cell walls post-oxidation, but this effect was muted for the cell-bound material, which remained relatively unaltered.

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Sankarshana, T., J. Soujanya, and A. Anil Kumar. "Triphase Catalysis Using Silica Gel as Support." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 11, no. 1 (July 4, 2013): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2013-0007.

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Abstract The oxidation reaction of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol with potassium permanganate in the presence and absence of silica-gel-supported phase-transfer catalyst (PTC) in triphasic conditions was studied. In a batch reactor, the performance of the solid-supported catalysts was compared with unsupported catalyst and without the catalyst. The effect of speed of agitation, catalyst concentration, potassium permanganate concentration and temperature on reaction rate was studied. The reaction is found to be in the kinetic regime. The rate of reaction with the catalyst immobilised on the silica gel was less compared to the catalyst without immobilisation. Triphase catalysis with supported PTCs has potential applications in the continuous quest for greener industrial practices.

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Fazekaš, Tomáš, Arpád Nagy, and Ľudovít Treindl. "Analysis of Asymmetric Sigmoid Kinetic Curves of Autocatalytic Reactions." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 4 (1993): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19930775.

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A new procedure for the analysis of sigmoid autocatalytic curves was developed based on the simulated annealing method. The procedure is particularly well suited to the treatment of asymmetric sigmoid shapes. The method was applied to the autocatalytic oxidation of citric acid with potassium permanganate.

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Darwish, Ibrahim A., Alaa S. Khedr, Hassan F. Askal, and Ramadan M. Mohamed. "Application of Inorganic Oxidants to the Spectrophotometric Determination of Ribavirin in Bulk and Capsules." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.2.341.

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Abstract Eight spectrophotometric methods for determination of ribavirin have been developed and validated. These methods were based on the oxidation of the drug by different inorganic oxidants: ceric ammonium sulfate, potassium permanganate, ammonium molybdate, ammonium metavanidate, chromium trioxide, potassium dichromate, potassium iodate, and potassium periodate. The oxidation reactions were performed in perchloric acid medium for ceric ammonium sulfate and in sulfuric acid medium for the other reagents. With ceric ammonium sulfate and potassium permanganate, the concentration of ribavirin in its samples was determined by measuring the decrease in the absorption intensity of the colored reagents at 315 and 525 nm, respectively. With the other reagents, the concentration of ribavirin was determined by measuring the intensity of the developed colored reaction products at the wavelengths of maximum absorbance: 675, 780, 595, 595, 475, and 475 nm for reactions with ammonium molybdate, ammonium metavanidate, chromium trioxide, potassium dichromate, potassium iodate, and potassium periodate, respectively. Different variables affecting the reaction conditions were carefully studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.99840.9998) were found between the absorbance readings and the concentrations of ribavirin in the range of 41400 g/mL. The molar absorptivities were correlated with the oxidation potential of the oxidants used. The precision of the methods were satisfactory; the values of relative standard deviation did not exceed 1.64%. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of ribavirin in pure drug material and capsules with good accuracy and precision; the recovery values were 99.2101.2 0.481.30%. The results obtained using the proposed spectrophotometric methods were comparable with those obtained with the official method stated in the United States Pharmacopeia.

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Hanson, James R., Peter B. Hitchcock, and Sivajini Nagaratnam. "The Oxidation of Some Steroidal Dienes by Potassium Permanganate: Copper Sulfate." Journal of Chemical Research 23, no. 1 (January 1999): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174751989902300117.

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Oxidation of androsta-3,5- and 4,6-dienes by the biphasic system potassium permanganate:copper sulfate afforded the 3α,4α-epoxy-5α-hydroxy-6-ketone and the 5α,6α-epoxy-4β-hydroxy-7-ketone respectively as the major products whilst the androsta-3,5-dien-7-one and androsta-4,6-dien-3-one gave the 3α,4α- and 6α,7α-epoxides as the major products.

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50

Huang, Kun-Chang, George E. Hoag, Pradeep Chheda, Bernard A. Woody, and Gregory M. Dobbs. "Chemical oxidation of trichloroethylene with potassium permanganate in a porous medium." Advances in Environmental Research 7, no. 1 (November 2002): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1093-0191(01)00122-8.

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