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Journal articles on the topic 'Potato breeders'
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1
Dědič, P., J. Ptáček, V. Horáčková, V. Matoušek, N. Čeřovská, and M. Filigarová. "Potato virus S (PVS): puzzling virus for potato breeders and seed producers." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 648–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10581-pps.
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In the framework of PVS eradication from breeding materials of Czech potato cultivars, the systematic research was devoted to: susceptibility of cultivars, occurrence of PVS in imported and domestic materials, and to maintenance of virus-free basic grades potatoes on breeding stations. In the field-exposure trials was proved high level of susceptibility of most cultivars to PVS and by contraries, gradualy increased proportion of maintained virus-free cultivars of foreign, as well as domestic origin. Nevertheless severe infestation still persist in some of them. The contemporary situation with maintenance of virus-free basic material in CR was demonstrated.
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Bebre, Gunta, Maija Gaiķe, Ilze Skrabule, Vita Gaiķe, and Arta Kronberga. "State Priekuļi Plant Breeding Institute – A Century of Agricultural Research and Plant Breeding." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 67, no. 3 (October 1, 2013): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2013-0051.
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The State Priekuïi Plant Breeding Institute (previously Wenden, Cçsis or Priekuïi Experimental and Breeding Station) started its operation in 1913. The main aims of research have remained the same for the last century: to provide knowledge on crop management and to create crop varieties suitable to local growing conditions and farming systems, acceptable to consumer requirements. Supply to farmers of high quality seed material of cereals, potato, pea, clover and grasses is an essential part of the scope. Overall, 31 crop species have been involved in a wide range of studies. More than 100 different crop varieties have been bred since the beginning of the 20th century. Potato varieties ‘Brasla’, ‘Agrie Dzeltenie’, winter rye variety ‘Kaupo’, pea varieties ‘Vitra’, ‘Retrija’, barley variety ‘Idumeja’ and several clover and grass varieties are widely grown in farmers’ fields. The first hulless barley variety in the Baltic States, ‘Irbe’, and winter triticale variety ‘Inarta’ have been bred in the Institute recently. Long-term crop rotation trials have been run for more than 50 years. A number of outstanding scientists and agronomists have worked in the Institute: potato breeders E. Knappe and V. Gaujers, cereal breeders J. Lindermanis, M. Gaiíe, and M. Sovere, grass breeders P. Pommers, A. Apinis, and I. Holms, pea breeder M. Vitjaþkova, researchers on crop management R. Sniedze and V. Miíelsons, research manager and director U. Miglavs and others
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Plich, Jarosław, and Beata Tatarowska. "Field Evaluation of Potato Resistance Against Phytophthora Infestans under Natural Infection Pressure." Plant Breeding and Seed Science 76, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/plass-2017-0017.
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Abstract Although development of potato cultivars resistant to late blight has long been one of the primary goals of potato breeding programs, several different methods of field resistance evaluation have been used by potato breeders. Recently, within the EucaBlight network (www.euroblight.net), common methods of late blight evaluation have been agreed on, and these methods are currently highly recommended for use by all those interested in evaluating the resistance of the potato to late blight. Here, we describe a method of evaluating potato resistance in field conditions routinely used at Młochów Research Center, which is compliant with recommendations of the EucaBlight protocol.
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Skrabule, Ilze, and Gunta Bebre. "Development of Potato Varieties in Latvia." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 67, no. 3 (October 1, 2013): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2013-0052.
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The first potato varieties that reached the territory of Latvia were empirically selected clones from genetically diverse material brought from South America to Europe. In the 19th century, when agricultural production rapidly developed, the demand for high yielding potato varieties suitable to local growing conditions increased. Therefore, potato variety evaluation trials were set up. Scientifically- based potato breeding in Latvia was launched by P. Knappe. The potato breeding programme in Priekuïi Plant Breeding Station was started in 1931, and has still continued. Several breeding methods were used by potato breeders Ç. Knape, V. Gaujers, G. Bebre and others in Priekuïi. Potato breeding for short periods was carried out in several other places in Latvia: Stende, Carnikava, and Lejaskurzeme. The method of elimination of diseases in potato seed material and high quality seed material production was implemented in Priekuïi. More than 60 potato varieties have been created in Latvia, some of them were and still are in demand in agricultural production.
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Atallah, Z. K., J. Bae, S. H. Jansky, D. I. Rouse, and W. R. Stevenson. "Multiplex Real-Time Quantitative PCR to Detect and Quantify Verticillium dahliae Colonization in Potato Lines that Differ in Response to Verticillium Wilt." Phytopathology® 97, no. 7 (July 2007): 865–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-7-0865.
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Potato early dying (PED), also known as Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is a seasonal yield-limiting disease of potato worldwide, and PED-resistant cultivars currently represent only a small percentage of potato production. In this study, we developed a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) approach to detect and quantify V. dahliae. The efficiency of the designed primer pair VertBt-F/VertBt-R, derived from the sequence of the β-tubulin gene, was greater than 95% in monoplex Q-PCR and duplex (using Plexor technology) procedures with primers PotAct-F/PotAct-R, obtained from the sequence of the actin gene, designed for potato. As few as 148 fg of V. dahliae DNA were detected and quantified, which is equivalent to five nuclei. Q-PCR detected V. dahliae in naturally infected air-dried potato stems and fresh stems of inoculated plants. Spearman correlations indicated a high correlation (upward of 80%) between V. dahliae quantifications using Q-PCR and the currently used plating assays. Moreover, Q-PCR substantially reduced the variability compared with that observed in the plating assay, and allowed for the detection of V. dahliae in 10% of stem samples found to be pathogen free on the culture medium. The described Q-PCR approach should provide breeders with a more sensitive and less variable alternative to time-consuming plating assays to distinguish response of breeding lines to colonization by V. dahliae.
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Flis, Bogdan. "Selection of Potato Parental Lines with Complex Resistances to Potato Pathogens and Pests." Plant Breeding and Seed Science 76, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/plass-2017-0022.
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Abstract The efficiency of breeding new potato cultivars may be increased by pre-breeding that is by developing parental lines, which have new traits, not present in the genetic pool available for breeders or have new combinations of genes, or have improved level of economically important traits. The use of parental lines in commercial breeding programs is expected to ensure the biological progress in the newly created cultivars of potato. At the beginning, the development of parental lines in Młochów Research Center of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute (IHAR-PIB) was focused on resistance to viruses and later on resistance to late blight and other pathogens. The procedures of selecting resistant parental lines are described. These procedures were initially based on purely phenotypic tests for resistance, which lately were supplemented with marker assisted selection (MAS) applying molecular markers linked with some resistance genes.
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Li, Xiu-Qing, Muhammad Haroon, Shirlyn E. Coleman, Andrew Sullivan, Mathuresh Singh, Len Ward, Solke H. De Boer, Tieling Zhang, and Danielle J. Donnelly. "A simplified procedure for verifying and identifying potato cultivars using multiplex PCR." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 4 (July 1, 2008): 583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07061.
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Correct identification of potato cultivars and selections is essential to a large and diverse user group. This group includes curators of germplasm repositories, breeders and other researchers, certification program officials, commercial growers, processing industry managers and for some cultivars, the public. Agencies involved in cultivar registration and plant breeders' rights (or patenting) also have a vested interest in correct identification. DNA fingerprinting is an important tool that can be used to describe new or existing cultivars, verify cultivar identity, and resolve cultivar mixtures. Gel-based fingerprints are usually preferred because they are visual and within the technical capacity of most molecular laboratories. In this study, a multiplex PCR protocol "Multiplex SUP" and an improved version "Multiplex SUPN" were developed using four primer pairs (STEM0014 and genes of starch synthase, patatin, and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase). The agarose-gel-based Multiplex SUP was successfully used in identifying cultivars from blind samples in a collaborating laboratory, and in pilot tests to verify the identity of introduced cultivars for seed potato production. The Multiplex SUPN, using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) with GelRed or ethidium-bromide staining, generated more than 38 polymorphic markers among the potato cultivars tested. The method distinguished 116 cultivars that included many of the public potato cultivars registered in Canada and several protected cultivars that were fingerprinted with permission. The Multiplex SUPN-PAGE method is user friendly and effective, and is recommended for routine potato cultivar verification and identification. Key words: cultivar identification, database development, DNA fingerprinting, GelRed staining, genotyping, polymorphism, Solanum tuberosum L.
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Byrne, Stephen, Fergus Meade, Francesca Mesiti, Denis Griffin, Colum Kennedy, and Dan Milbourne. "Genome-Wide Association and Genomic Prediction for Fry Color in Potato." Agronomy 10, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010090.
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Potatoes destined for crisping are normally stored above 8 degrees; below this glucose accumulates leading to very dark fry colors and potential acrylamide build up. Unfortunately, sprouting occurs above 4 degrees and impacts product quality, necessitating the use of sprout suppressant chemicals. Therefore, a goal of breeders is to develop potatoes with excellent fry color, which is maintained under storage below 8 degrees. Genomic or marker-assisted selection offers an opportunity to improve the efficiency of potato breeding and thereby assist breeders in achieving this goal. In this study, we have accumulated fry-color data on a large population of potato lines and combined this with genotypic data to carry out a GWAS and to evaluate accuracy of genomic prediction. We were able to identify a major QTL on chromosome 10 for fry color, and predict fry color with moderate accuracy using genome-wide markers. Furthermore, our results provide evidence that it is possible to identify a small subset of SNPs for processing characteristics that can give moderate predictive ability, albeit lower than that achieved with genome-wide markers.
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Cuesta-Subia, X., and A. Monteros-Altamirano et al. "Tuber Quality Characteristics of Ecuadorian Potato Landraces and Farmer Preferences." Revista Latinoamericana de la Papa 17, no. 1 (May 16, 2016): 125–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37066/ralap.v17i1.191.
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Antioxidants, such as polyphenols and carotenoids, are present in potato and reported to have positive effects on human health. For Ecuadorian landraces there is a lack of data on these compounds. The present study aims 1) to characterize potato landraces from three areas in Ecuador for dry matter, total polyphenol and total carotenoid contents and 2) to determine if farmer preferences for certain landraces are based on characteristics related to nutritional value. We evaluated 23 potato landraces collected from farmer’s fields and organized workshops in the areas to collect information on the preferences of local farmers. We found varying levels of dry matter, total polyphenol and total carotenoid contents among Ecuadorian potato landraces, some even comparable to improved varieties. The extent of the use of these potato landraces by farmers and breeders is discussed.Accepted for publication: June 30, 2012.
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Ribeiro, Silvia Regina Rodrigues de Paula, César Augusto Brasil Pereira Pinto, Suellen Bárbara Ferreira Galvino Costa, Mariney de Menezes, and Antonia dos Reis Figueira. "Resistance of potato clones to necrotic recombinant strains of potato virus y (pvy)." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 38, no. 4 (August 2014): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542014000400004.
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The Ry adg allele is widely used by breeders to confer extreme resistance to all strains of PVY. However, the necrotic strain has increased recombination resulting in recent considerable losses in productivity. Thus far, not all necrotic recombinant strains of PVY have been tested for their reaction to the Ry gene. The objective of this study was to identify potato clones carrying the resistant allele and to assess their reaction to the following recombinant strains: NTN (PVY NTN), Wilga (PVY N-Wi), and "curly top" (PVY E). Advanced clones from the potato breeding program at Universidade Federal de Lavras were evaluated through a specific molecular marker for the Ry adg allele. The clones carrying the resistance allele were grafted on tobacco plants infected with necrotic recombinant strains of PVY. The clones carrying the allele for resistance to PVY were not infected with any of the recombinants during the grafting test. These results confirm that resistance to necrotic recombinant strains has not yet been overcome and that the Ry adg allele also confers resistance to the three recombinant strains tested.
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Przetakiewicz, Anna, and Dorota Milczarek. "Evaluation of Potato Cultivars and Breeding Lines for Resistance to Globodera Rostochiensis and Globodera Pallida." Plant Breeding and Seed Science 76, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/plass-2017-0014.
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Abstract Nematodes are among the most important agents affecting potato crops. Heavy infestations by Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida can cause significant yield losses and limit the choice of potato cultivars that can be grown effectively (Oerke, 2006). Breeding of new potato cultivar resistant to G. rostochiensis and G. pallida is a long-term process. It is preceded by screening of potato breeding lines for resistance in repeated biotests, which seems to be the most effective and safest method of protection. Evaluation of nematode resistance is an important element of characterization of breeding lines and new cultivars. Resistance to Globodera spp. is evaluated in biological tests. The use of DNA markers for detecting nematode resistance genes may be an alternative approach to phenotypic evaluation of resistance degree of potato plants (Jena and Mackill, 2008). The goal of this report is focused on a description of resistance assessment procedure of breeding lines and varieties of potato to PCN and on comparison of biological and molecular methods of resistance evaluation. Presented information is addressed to both breeders and Polish inspection services.
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Li, W. L., W. Guo, J. P. Xiao, L. Bai, and H. C. Guo. "Germplasm evaluation and molecular selection of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars with disease resistance in China." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 53, No. 3 (September 13, 2017): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/101/2016-cjgpb.
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Foreground and background selections are two important aspects that need to be carefully considered by plant breeders during field selection. In this article, we used 7 disease resistance markers, including four late blight and three potato virus disease resistance gene markers, and 12 microsatellite markers to evaluate the disease resistance and genetic diversity of 76 potato cultivars in total which were collected from 15 provinces of China. The foreground selection results showed that a number of materials, clustered separately, contained more than two late blight resistance markers or pyramided late blight and virus disease resistance gene markers together. A lot of them were collected from the southwest of China. Additionally, the genetic backgrounds of all cultivars were relatively narrow and a limited number of cultivars (15.8%) contained both potato late blight and potato virus Y resistance markers. Also, only two accessions (Yunshu 103 and Lishu 7) contained both late blight and potato virus X resistance markers. In conclusion, this comprehensive evaluation of genetic resources will shed the light on potato disease resistance breeding in the future.
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Ellis, David, Oswaldo Chavez, Joseph Coombs, Julian Soto, Rene Gomez, David Douches, Ana Panta, Rocio Silvestre, and Noelle L. Anglin. "Genetic identity in genebanks: application of the SolCAP 12K SNP array in fingerprinting and diversity analysis in the global in trust potato collection." Genome 61, no. 7 (July 2018): 523–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2017-0201.
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Breeders rely on genetic integrity of material from genebanks; however, admixture, mislabeling, and errors in original data can occur and be detrimental. Two hundred and fifty accessions, representing paired samples consisting of original mother plants and their in vitro counterparts from the cultivated potato collection at the International Potato Center (CIP) were fingerprinted using the Infinium 12K V2 Potato Array to confirm genetic identity of the accessions and evaluate genetic diversity of the potato collection. Diploid, triploid, and tetraploid accessions were included, representing seven cultivated potato taxa (based on Hawkes, 1990). Fingerprints between voucher mother plants maintained in the field and in vitro clones of the same accession were used to evaluate identity, relatedness, and ancestry using hierarchal clustering and model-based Bayesian admixture analyses. Generally, in vitro and field clones of the same accession grouped together; however, 11 (4.4%) accessions were mismatches genetically, and in some cases the SNP data revealed the identity of the mixed accession. SNP genotypes were used to assess genetic diversity and to evaluate inter- and intraspecific relationships along with determining population structure and hybrid origins. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the triploids included in this study are genetically similar. Further, some genetic redundancies among individual accessions were also identified along with some putative misclassified accessions. Accessions generally clustered together based on taxonomic classification and ploidy level with some deviations. STRUCTURE analysis identified six populations with significant gene flow among the populations, as well as revealed hybrid taxa and accessions. Overall, the Infinium 12K V2 Potato Array proved useful in confirming identity and highlighting the diversity in this subset of the CIP collection, providing new insights into the accessions evaluated. This study provides a model for genetic identity of plant genetic resources collections as mistakes in conservation of these collections and in genebanks is a reality. For breeders and other users of these collections, confirmed identity is critical, as well as for quality management programs and to provide insights into the accessions evaluated.
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Oehlke, Leslie, Ramon Torres-Lopez, J. Michele Myers, and J. Creighton Miller. "ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF SKIN RUSSETING IN POTATO USING NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES." HortScience 28, no. 4 (April 1993): 262E—262. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.262e.
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The potato (Solanum luberosum, L.) is the fourth most important food crop worldwide and the most important vegetable crop in the United States. The United States is the only country which prefers russet skin potatoes, but plant breeders experience difficulty in manipulating the trait, since the potato is an autosomal tetraploid with complex inheritance. The enzyme banding patterns of white and russet skin potato tubers from five near-isogenic lines were studied in order to identify specific isozyme differences associated with russeting. Tuber skin samples were prepared and run on polyacrylamide gels. The gels were then stained for eight enzyme systems (PRX, EST, MDH, PGM, PGI, GOT, G-6PDH, 6PGDI-I) and scored for banding differences. Peroxidase activity was always associated with russeting, and differences in esterase banding were also observed. Potential markers associated with russeting might have been found, which could provide fingerprinting tools for mapping the gene(s) responsible for russeting in potato.
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Djaman, Koffi, Suat Irmak, Komlan Koudahe, and Samuel Allen. "Irrigation Management in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Production: A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031504.
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Limited water resources coupled with the increase of the human population calls for more efficient use of water in irrigated agriculture. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most widely grown crops worldwide and is very sensitive to water stress due to its shallow rooting system. With the dilemma of potato sensitivity to drought and limited available water resources restricting crop production, researchers and crop growers have been investigating different approaches for optimizing potato yield and improving crop water use efficiency under different irrigation methods. While potato response to water is affected by other management practices such as fertilizer management, the present review is focused on the potato response to water under different environments and different irrigation methods and the impact on potato quality and potato diseases. Variable results obtained from research studies indicate the non-transferability of the results from one location to another as potato cultivars are not the same and potato breeders are still making effort to develop new high-yielding varieties to increase crop production and or develop new varieties for a specific trait to satisfy consumers exigence. This review is a valuable source of information for potato growers and scientists as it is not only focused on the impact of irrigation regimes on potato yield and water productivity as most reviews on water management, but it also presents the impact of irrigation regime on diseases in potatoes, tuber specific gravity, metabolite content of the tubers and the quality of the processed potato products.
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Pasche, J. S., I. Mallik, N. R. Anderson, and N. C. Gudmestad. "Development and Validation of a Real-Time PCR Assay for the Quantification of Verticillium dahliae in Potato." Plant Disease 97, no. 5 (May 2013): 608–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-12-0554-re.
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An increase in the stringency for higher quality potato tubers and restrictions on the use of soil fumigants, among other factors, has garnered renewed interest in Verticillium wilt, particularly in russet-skinned cultivars grown for processing. In response to the needs of producers, breeders have increased efforts in the development of potato cultivars with resistance to Verticillium dahliae Kleb., the primary cause of Verticillium wilt. These efforts have resulted in the release of numerous russet-skinned cultivars with purported resistance to the pathogen. However, because efficient and effective methods to screen germplasm for true resistance do not exist, breeders typically have reported resistance based on the development of wilt symptoms alone. The studies reported here demonstrate the efficiency and practicality of a QPCR method for quantification of V. dahliae in potato stem tissue. This method, developed to detect the target trypsin protease gene of the pathogen, was compared with traditional methods for V. dahliae quantification which involve plating stem tissue or sap onto semi-selective media, as well as to a recently developed QPCR assay which amplifies a region of the β-tubulin gene of V. dahliae. The QPCR assay developed in the studies reported here was demonstrated to be sensitive to 0.25 pg of DNA. Use of the duplex real-time PCR assay, utilizing the potato actin gene to normalize quantification, resulted in clearer differentiation of levels of resistance among eight russet-skinned potato cultivars inoculated in greenhouse trials when compared with traditional plating assays. However, relative levels of resistance among cultivars were similar between traditional plating and QPCR methods, resulting in correlation coefficients greater than 0.93. The assay described here also detected the pathogen in inoculated stem tissue at higher frequencies than both traditional plating assays and a previously developed QPCR assay. The QPCR assay developed here demonstrates rapid, efficient, and accurate quantification of V. dahliae, providing a tool amenable for use by breeding programs on large numbers of clones and selections, and will aid researchers evaluating other control strategies for Verticillium wilt.
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Travina, S. N. "Polar Experiment Station of VIR: the northernmost outpost of potato research." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 181, no. 1 (April 12, 2020): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2020-1-139-145.
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The establishment and progress of potato cultivation in the Kola Peninsula are closely associated with the Polar Experiment Station of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). The data are presented on the development of early-ripening and high-yielding potato cultivars based on the source material from the VIR collection: ‘Imandra’, ‘Sestra Imandry’, ‘Murmansky’, ‘Snezhinka No. 3’, ‘Khibinsky ranny’, etc. Prominent breeders and scientists, who worked at different times at the Polar Station, contributed to the release of unique early-ripening potato cultivars: J. H. Eichfeld, M. N. Veselovskaya, I. A. Veselovsky, F. I. Manykov, M. A. Vavilova, N. N. Ivanova, L. A. Dremlyug, A. M. Kozeletskaya, S. A. Anikina, G. D. Melnichuk, etc. Some of the cultivars developed from 1937 to 1968 are still used in large-scale potato production in Murmansk Province. Every year the cultivar and species diversity of potatoes is planted in the fields of the Arctic North. Today, the extensive material from the potato collection makes it possible to study the impact of environmental factors, identify sources of earliness and productivity, and conduct breeding activities aimed at the release of early cultivars.
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Nurbudiati, Karissa, and Eliana Wulandari. "The Risk and Strategies of Potato Production in Garut, Indonesia." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 35, no. 2 (August 3, 2020): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v35i2.34072.
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The fluctuation of potato production has been caused by production risk in on-farm sector. This research aims to identify the sources of production risk in potato production and analyze the strategies to overcome the production risk. This research was conducted at Cantigi Farmers’ Group, which has been actively producing potato in Cikajang Sub-district, Garut Regency, West Java. The data were collected from all 35 members of the Cantigi Farmers’ Group. This study used Z-Score and Value at Risk analyses. The results showed that the sources of potato production risk that occurred in the Cantigi Farmers’ Group were pests, diseases, rainfall, seed quality, managerial ability and soil fertility. Mitigation strategies can be used to overcome the risk sources such as by using intercropping method, plant-based pesticides, natural enemies, proper water management and drainage. Preventive strategies can be used to overcome the risk sources such as by using plant-based pesticides, organic fertilizers, assistance from local extension agents, in collaboration with certified seed breeders in the surrounding area and attending the training of how to breed properly. The research on potato production risk in Cikajang Sub-district is very significant considering that, to the best of authors’ knowledge, the analysis of potato production risks has not been conducted yet in this important area of potato producing. This study was conducted in a limited scope of variable, therefore, a further research of potato production risks is suggested to be performed in a wider variable scope.
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Chen, Qin, H. Y. Li, Y. Z. Shi, D. Beasley, B. Bizimungu, and M. S. Goettel. "Development of an effective protoplast fusion system for production of new potatoes with disease and insect resistance using Mexican wild potato species as gene pools." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 4 (July 1, 2008): 611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07045.
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Somatic hybridization through protoplast fusion is an important alternative approach for overcoming sexual incompatibility between diploid Solanum species and cultivated potatoes. However, compared with other potato species, methods for protoplast isolation and plant generation for several Mexican wild diploid potato species are not well established. In this study, a systematic procedure was designed for the isolation of a large number of high-quality protoplasts from various Mexican wild species that carry high levels of disease (late blight) and insect [Colorado potato beetle (CPB)] resistance. Using this procedure, an effective potato protoplast fusion system was developed to produce new somatic hybrids between two Mexican, one Argentina wild species, and cultivated potato clones. Regenerated plants and somatic hybrids were obtained at a high frequency from the protoplasts of the diploid wild species and their fused cells with S. tuberosum. Morphological, cytological and molecular marker analyses demonstrated that somatic hybrids were successfully obtained from the cell fusion of S. tuberosum and the diploid species S. pinnatisectum, S. cardiophyllum, and S. chacoense. Assessment of disease and insect reactions demonstrated that several of the protoplast-derived clones and somatic hybrids showed a higher level of resistance to both late blight and CPB than was found in S. tuberosum, confirming that the protoplast system is a powerful tool in potato breeding programs for the development of disease and insect resistance. This new fusion system provides breeders with opportunities to transfer disease and insect resistance genes from Mexican wild species into cultivated potato. Key words: Somatic hybrid, protoplast, fusion, potato, Solanum, late blight, disease resistance, Colorado potato beetle insect resistance
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Gemenet, Dorcus C., Hannele Lindqvist-Kreuze, Bert De Boeck, Guilherme da Silva Pereira, Marcelo Mollinari, Zhao-Bang Zeng, G. Craig Yencho, and Hugo Campos. "Sequencing depth and genotype quality: accuracy and breeding operation considerations for genomic selection applications in autopolyploid crops." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 133, no. 12 (September 2, 2020): 3345–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03673-2.
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Key message Polypoid crop breeders can balance resources between density and sequencing depth, dosage information and fewer highly informative SNPs recommended, non-additive models and QTL advantages on prediction dependent on trait architecture. Abstract The autopolyploid nature of potato and sweetpotato ensures a wide range of meiotic configurations and linkage phases leading to complex gene-action and pose problems in genotype data quality and genomic selection analyses. We used a 315-progeny biparental F1 population of hexaploid sweetpotato and a diversity panel of 380 tetraploid potato, genotyped using different platforms to answer the following questions: (i) do polyploid crop breeders need to invest more for additional sequencing depth? (ii) how many markers are required to make selection decisions? (iii) does considering non-additive genetic effects improve predictive ability (PA)? (iv) does considering dosage or quantitative trait loci (QTL) offer significant improvement to PA? Our results show that only a small number of highly informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; ≤ 1000) are adequate for prediction in the type of populations we analyzed. We also show that considering dosage information and models considering only additive effects had the best PA for most traits, while the comparative advantage of considering non-additive genetic effects and including known QTL in the predictive model depended on trait architecture. We conclude that genomic selection can help accelerate the rate of genetic gains in potato and sweetpotato. However, application of genomic selection should be considered as part of optimizing the entire breeding program. Additionally, since the predictions in the current study are based on single populations, further studies on the effects of haplotype structure and inheritance on PA should be studied in actual multi-generation breeding populations.
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Esnault, F., J. Solano, M. R. Perretant, M. Hervé, A. Label, R. Pellé, J. P. Dantec, G. Boutet, P. Brabant, and J. E. Chauvin. "Genetic diversity analysis of a potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) collection including Chiloé Island landraces and a large panel of worldwide cultivars." Plant Genetic Resources 12, no. 1 (August 14, 2013): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262113000300.
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In order to investigate further the interest of using the Chilean gene pool in potato breeding programmes, the genetic diversity and population structure of a collection of Solanum tuberosum L. genotypes including 350 worldwide varieties or breeders' lines (referred to as the modern group) and 30 Chiloé Island landraces were examined using simple sequence repeat markers. The close genetic proximity of the Chiloé Island landraces to the modern group was confirmed using several structure analysis methods: principal coordinate analysis; hierarchical clustering analysis; analysis of molecular variance; Bayesian model-based clustering analysis. The latter analysis, in particular, revealed no clear genetic structure between the modern group and the Chiloé Island landraces. The Chiloé Island germplasm appears to represent an interesting gene pool that could be exploited in potato breeding programmes using an association mapping approach.
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Gorji, A., and Z. Polgar. "Application of genetic engineering in potato breeding." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.58.2010.4.11.
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Potato breeding programmes worldwide are undergoing a period of rapid change. In order to be successful, breeders must adapt and incorporate the newest up-to-date techniques as they become available. Recent advances in biotechnology make it possible to develop and cultivate more and more sophisticated transgenic crops with multiple modified traits. Gene transfer methods can be used for a wide range of fundamental studies, contributing to a better understanding of the mechanisms of plant/pathogen interactions and the metabolic pathways in plants. Transgenic potato plants are being generated worldwide to investigate the impact of transgene expression on parameters as complex as yield. Historically, potato was one of the first successfully transformed crop plants. Nowadays, transgenic potatoes have been introduced into the food chain of people and animals in several countries. Some of the genetic modifications give potato plants increased resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, while others lead to improved nutritional value, or cause the plants to produce proteins of the immune system of humans or animals or substances that may be used as vaccines in humans or veterinary medicine. The trend today is towards the generation of crops with output traits, e.g. modified starch or carotenoids, or the production of pharmaceuticals in tubers, whereas the early targets were input traits, e.g. herbicide resistance, pest or virus resistance. This review provides a summary of examples illustrating the versatility and applicability of transgenic biology in potato improvement.
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Nugroho, Kristianto, Reflinur Reflinur, Puji Lestari, Ida Rosdianti, Rerenstradika T. Terryana, Kusmana Kusmana, and I. Made Tasma. "Keragaman Genetika Empat Belas Aksesi Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) Berdasarkan Marka SSR dan STS (Genetic Diversity of Fourteen Potato Accessions Based on SSR and STS Markers)." Jurnal AgroBiogen 11, no. 2 (August 9, 2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jbio.v11n2.2015.p41-48.
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<p>Potato is one of high economically horticultural plant. The increasing of national consumption of potato becomes a challenge for<br />potato breeders. The success of breeding programs is depending on availability of genetic diversity. The aim of this research was<br />to analyze the genetic diversity of fourteen accessions of potato by using SSR and STS markers. PCR analysis was scored as biner<br />data and the collected data was analyzed using NTSYS and PowerMarker. The result showed that there were 63% polymorphic<br />(12 markers) of total markers. As many as 60 alleles with the size of 200–500 bp were identified by a range of 2–9 alleles per<br />locus. The polymorphism level was 0.59 (0.36–0.74). Result also showed the average of major allele frequency was 49.42%<br />(35.71–63.64%). Nine markers which have polymorphism level more than 0.5 could be used to detect genetic diversity of potato.<br />The average of genetic diversity index was 0.65. Cluster analysis showed that 14 accessions of potato were split in two groups<br />(coefficient 0.70). The first groups consisted of Atlantik, GM 05, Granola Kembang Merbabu 17, and the second groups consist of<br />Repita, Maglia, Medians, CIP397078.7, CIP392781.1, Margahayu, Granola, CIP394613.139, Amabile, and Tenggo. The information<br />of genetic diversity of this germplasm could be used as a preliminary basis for choosing crossing parents in potato breeding in<br />Indonesia.</p>
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Ginandjar, Salamet, Agung Rahmadi, Muhammad Tsani Abdulhakim, and M. Subandi. "Economic Analysis of Potato Seed in West Java, Indonesia." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 10, no. 4 (November 5, 2020): 756–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.ajard.2020.104.756.763.
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The purpose of this study was to study the supply of potato seed in West Java, Indonesia. The research respondent is farmers who use seed, with a sample of 377 farmers and a survey of all seed breeders totaling 43 farmers, using proportionate stratified random sampling. This research report is also complemented by a review analysis of potato seedling development in the last five years. There is considerable interest in the potential that can be developed, productive aged farmers, and adoption of new technologies. Factors exerting a strong influence include capital, technology, adequacy of seed, the proportion of certified seed, and farm credit. Factors identified as influencing the level of demand include the proportion of certified seed, seed prices, capital, and credit allocation for potato farming; at the level of supply factors that can exert influence are the availability of seed, the selling price of seed, and the capital of breeding farmers. Policy simulation on the use of certified seed potatoes shows that increase in the number of specific farm credits, the price of seed and fixed farm capital results in increased use of certified seed and reduced self-selection of seed.
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Reid, A., and E. M. Kerr. "A rapid simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based identification method for potato cultivars." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 5, no. 01 (March 21, 2007): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262107192133.
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With the numbers of new varieties of potato obtaining Plant Breeders' Rights increasing yearly, the reliable maintenance of large culture collections is becoming more problematic. Additionally, the differentiation of cultivars based on morphological characteristics is a highly skilled and time-consuming task and for these reasons a rapid and robust method for variety differentiation has become highly desirable. By screening a number of microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) markers we have developed a set of six that can be used to differentiate over 400 cultivars, including those on the UK National List, but excluding somaclonal variants (e.g. Red King Edward and King Edward). The whole process from tuber to accurate identification can be carried out in a single day.
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Edgü, Güven, Lena Julie Freund, Stefanie Hartje, Eckhard Tacke, Hans-Reinhard Hofferbert, Richard M. Twyman, Gundula A. Noll, Jost Muth, and Dirk Prüfer. "Fast, Precise, and Reliable Multiplex Detection of Potato Viruses by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 8741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228741.
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Potato is an important staple food crop in both developed and developing countries. However, potato plants are susceptible to several economically important viruses that reduce yields by up to 50% and affect tuber quality. One of the major threats is corky ringspot, which is a tuber necrosis caused by tobacco rattle virus (TRV). The appearance of corky ringspot symptoms on tubers prior to commercialization results in ≈ 45% of the tubers being downgraded in quality and value, while ≈ 55% are declared unsaleable. To improve current disease management practices, we have developed simple diagnostic methods for the reliable detection of TRV without RNA purification, involving minimalized sample handling (mini), subsequent improved colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and final verification by lateral-flow dipstick (LFD) analysis. Having optimized the mini-LAMP-LFD approach for the sensitive and specific detection of TRV, we confirmed the reliability and robustness of this approach by the simultaneous detection of TRV and other harmful viruses in duplex LAMP reactions. Therefore, our new approach offers breeders, producers, and farmers an inexpensive and efficient new platform for disease management in potato breeding and cultivation.
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Almekinders, C. J. M., L. Mertens, J. P. van Loon, and E. T. Lammerts van Bueren. "Potato breeding in the Netherlands: a successful participatory model with collaboration between farmers and commercial breeders." Food Security 6, no. 4 (July 4, 2014): 515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-014-0369-x.
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Sokolova, Ekaterina, Artem Pankin, Maria Beketova, Maria Kuznetsova, Svetlana Spiglazova, Elena Rogozina, Isol'da Yashina, and Emil Khavkin. "SCAR markers of the R-genes and germplasm of wild Solanum species for breeding late blight-resistant potato cultivars." Plant Genetic Resources 9, no. 2 (March 15, 2011): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262111000347.
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New races of Phytophthora infestans rapidly defeat potato late blight (LB) resistance based on Solanum demissum germplasm, and breeders search for new sources of durable LB resistance. We developed and verified six sequence characterized amplified region markers recognizing the race-specific genes R1 and R3 of S. demissum and the broad-spectrum resistance gene RB of S. bulbocastanum and the germplasms of these species and used them to screen 209 accessions of 21 wild Solanum species. In addition to S. demissum, homologues of R1 and R3 were found in several species of series Demissa,Longipedicellata and diploid Tuberosa; R3 homologues were also detected in S. bulbocastanum,S. cardiophyllum and S. ehrenbergii. The RB homologues were found in a wider range of Solanum species. The markers of R1 and R3 genes reliably discerned between germplasms of S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum and wild sources of LB resistance. Following introgression, the species-specific markers of demissum and bulbocastanum germplasm were rapidly lost, whereas the markers of R1 and R3 genes lasted through several meiotic generations and were maintained at high frequencies in modern potato cultivars. The presence of these markers in demissoid potato cultivars was significantly associated with LB resistance, presuming that both genes contribute to overall defence response.
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Milczarek, D., A. Przetakiewicz, P. Kamiński, and B. Flis. "Early selection of potato clones with the H1 resistance gene – the relation of nematode resistance to quality characteristics." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 50, No. 4 (November 27, 2014): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/114/2014-cjgpb.
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Breeding a new potato cultivar is a long-term process ending with a few elite individuals from initially large populations. Screening for resistance in the seedling and first clonal generations is a cost-effective and efficient way to reduce the time needed to create a new variety. Unlike the phenotypic assessment of resistance to nematodes, marker-assisted selection (MAS) can be applied at early stages of selection. The frequent question among breeders is about the impact of early selection for resistance on the agronomic value of finally selected resistant progeny. The study presents a relationship between the presence of markers TG689 and 57R and some agricultural traits in field grown seedlings and three successive vegetative generations. Both markers are linked to H1 gene, which confers resistance to the golden cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. Clones with these markers had higher total tuber and starch yield than those without the markers. A negative relationship between marker presence and quality was not observed.
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Palumbo, Galvao, Nicoletto, Sambo, and Barcaccia. "Diversity Analysis of Sweet Potato Genetic Resources Using Morphological and Qualitative Traits and Molecular Markers." Genes 10, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10110840.
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The European Union (EU) market for sweet potatoes has increased by 100% over the last five years, and sweet potato cultivation in southern European countries is a new opportunity for the EU to exploit and introduce new genotypes. In view of this demand, the origins of the principal Italian sweet potato clones, compared with a core collection of genotypes from Central and Southern America, were investigated for the first time. This was accomplished by combining a genetic analysis, exploiting 14 hypervariable microsatellite markers, with morphological and chemical measurements based on 16 parameters. From the molecular analyses, Italian accessions were determined to be genetically very similar to the South American germplasm, but they were sub-clustered into two groups. This finding was subsequently confirmed by the morphological and chemical measurements. Moreover, the analysis of the genetic structure of the population suggested that one of the two groups of Italian genotypes may have descended from one of the South American accessions, as predicted on the basis of the shared morphological characteristics and molecular fingerprints. Overall, the combination of two different characterization methods, genetic markers and agronomic traits, was effective in differentiating or clustering the sweet potato genotypes, in agreement with their geographical origin or phenotypic descriptors. This information could be exploited by both breeders and farmers to detect and protect commercial varieties, and hence for traceability purposes.
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Foster, Simon J., Tae-Ho Park, Mathieu Pel, Gianinna Brigneti, Jadwiga Śliwka, Luke Jagger, Edwin van der Vossen, and Jonathan D. G. Jones. "Rpi-vnt1.1, a Tm-22 Homolog from Solanum venturii, Confers Resistance to Potato Late Blight." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 22, no. 5 (May 2009): 589–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-22-5-0589.
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Despite the efforts of breeders and the extensive use of fungicide control measures, late blight still remains a major threat to potato cultivation worldwide. The introduction of genetic resistance into cultivated potato is considered a valuable method to achieve durable resistance to late blight. Here, we report the identification and cloning of Rpi-vnt1.1, a previously uncharacterized late-blight resistance gene from Solanum venturii. The gene was identified by a classical genetic and physical mapping approach and encodes a coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein with high similarity to Tm-22 from S. lycopersicum which confers resistance against Tomato mosaic virus. Transgenic potato and tomato plants carrying Rpi-vnt1.1 were shown to be resistant to Phytophthora infestans. Of 11 P. infestans isolates tested, only isolate EC1 from Ecuador was able to overcome Rpi-vnt1.1 and cause disease on the inoculated plants. Alleles of Rpi-vnt1.1 (Rpi-vnt1.2 and Rpi-vnt1.3) that differed by only a few nucleotides were found in other late-blight-resistant accessions of S. venturii. The late blight resistance gene Rpi-phu1 from S. phureja is shown here to be identical to Rpi-vnt1.1, suggesting either that this strong resistance gene has been maintained since a common ancestor, due to selection pressure for blight resistance, or that genetic exchange between S. venturii and S. phureja has occurred at some time.
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Das, Anath Bandhu, Iswar Chandra Mohanty, Dawanidhi Mahapatra, Suprava Mohanty, and Ashutosh Ray. "Genetic variation of Indian potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes using chromosomal and RAPD markers." Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 10, no. 3 (September 2010): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-70332010000300009.
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Genetic diversity in thirty Indian potatoes were analyzed employing karyotype, genome size and RAPD markers. Chromosome analysis revealed 2n = 4x = 48 except cv. K. Chandramukhi (2n = 4x + 2 = 50). Total genomic chromosome length and chromosome volume varied from 21.14µm in cv. K. Pukhraj to 31.91µm in cv. MS/89-60 and 14.31µm³ in cv. MS/92-1090 to 33.16µm³ in cv. JW-160 respectively. 4C DNA content was significantly varied from 3.640 pg (~891 Mbp) in cv. MS/92-1090 to 11.12 pg (~2747 Mbp) in cv. K. Chandramukhi. RAPD revealed 131 amplified DNA fragments (300 to 2200 bp) with 79 unique bands (7 to 71% polymorphism) among the genotypes. Similarity coefficients (ranged from 0.29 to 0.93) and cluster analysis reflected the expected trends in relationships of the full and half-sib potato genotypes. Genetic distances obtained from a dendrogram could help breeders to choose the diverse parents for a breeding program aimed at varietal improvement.
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Zoteyeva, N. M. "LATE BLIGHT RESISTANCE OF WILD POTATO SPECIES UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS IN THE NORTHWEST OF RUSSIA." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 180, no. 4 (January 8, 2020): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2019-4-159-169.
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Background. Despite the great efforts made by breeders, late blight remains a paramount cause of significant potato harvest losses. Introgression of various resistance genes from wild Solanum L. species is the main method to increase the resistance in potato cultivars. Field resistance is considered to be more durable than those induced by the action of single R genes. To this end, resistance sources should be selected from а wide range of species under severe natural infection.Material and methods. As the material for evaluation, 1141 accessions of 99 wild potato species belonging to 15 taxonomic series according to the system of J. Hawkes were used. Each accession was assessed for 3–5 years. A 1–9 point scale was employed to score the damage of plants every week starting from the first symptoms of the disease, where 9 meant the absence of any symptoms, and 1 the entirely damaged plant. The plants scoring 6 to 9 points were considered resistant.Results and conclusions. As a result of the long-term field observations, wild potato species, represented in the current evaluation by numerous accessions, were characterized for foliar resistance to late blight; individual introductions resistant to late blight were also identified. Some of those studied in the 1980s showed high resistance in the end of the 1990s through the 2000s. The highest percentage of resistant accessions/species was identified among the species with areas of distribution in Mexico. A group of Central American species and large part of species with areas of distribution in South America expressed high level of interspecific polymorphism in foliar resistance to late blight.
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Kumlay, Ahmet Metin. "Combination of the Auxins NAA, IBA, and IAA with GA3Improves the Commercial Seed-Tuber Production of Potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) underIn VitroConditions." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/439259.
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The study compared the effects of1.0×MSmedium containing various concentrations ofα-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), alone or in combination with gibberellic acid (GA3) in micropropagation of three potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) cultivars Pasinler, Granola, and Caspar using binodal stem cuttings. The results testified improved regeneration on1.0×MSmedium containing variants of NAA, IAA, and IBA plus GA3on all cultivars. The minimum days to shoot induction on three cultivars ranged 4.25–5 d on1.0×MSmedium containing 0.25 mg L−1 GA3+1 mg L−1NAA. The longest shoots (11.8 cm), maximum number of nodes (13.50), and maximum number of leaves (11.00) were recorded on cv. Caspar on1.0×MSmedium containing 1 mg L−1 NAA+0.25 mg L−1GA3. The minimum time to root induction (12.25 d) was noted on cv. Pasinler on the same medium. All of the regenerated shoots could be easily rooted. The results showed that the combined effect of various concentrations of NAA, IAA, and IBA plus GA3was more pronounced compared to the auxins used alone. The results of this research are of significant importance for potato breeders.
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Rogozina, Elena V., Mariya P. Beketova, Oksana A. Muratova, Mariya A. Kuznetsova, and Emil E. Khavkin. "Stacking Resistance Genes in Multiparental Interspecific Potato Hybrids to Anticipate Late Blight Outbreaks." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010115.
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Stacking (pyramiding) several resistance genes of diverse race specificity in one and the same plant by hybridization provides for high and durable resistance to major diseases, such as potato late blight (LB), especially when breeders combine highly efficient genes for broad-spectrum resistance that are novel to the intruding pathogens. Our collection of potato hybrids manifesting long-lasting LB resistance comprises, as a whole, the germplasm of 26 or 22 Solanum species (as treated by Bukasov and Hawkes, respectively), with up to 8–9 species listed in the pedigree of an individual hybrid. This collection was screened with the markers of ten genes for race-specific resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Rpi genes) initially identified in S. demissum (R1, R2, R3a, R3b, and R8), S. bulbocastanum/S. stoloniferum (Rpi-blb1/ Rpi-sto1, Rpi-blb2, Rpi-blb3) and S. venturii (Rpi-vnt1). The hybrids comprised the markers for up to four-six Rpi genes per plant, and the number of markers was significantly related to LB resistance. Nevertheless, a considerable portion of resistance apparently depended on presently insufficiently characterized resistance genes. Bred from these multiparental hybrids, the advanced lines with the stacks of broad-specificity Rpi genes will help anticipate LB outbreaks caused by rapid pathogen evolution and the arrival of new pathogen strains.
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Rogozina, Elena V., Mariya P. Beketova, Oksana A. Muratova, Mariya A. Kuznetsova, and Emil E. Khavkin. "Stacking Resistance Genes in Multiparental Interspecific Potato Hybrids to Anticipate Late Blight Outbreaks." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010115.
Full textAbstract:
Stacking (pyramiding) several resistance genes of diverse race specificity in one and the same plant by hybridization provides for high and durable resistance to major diseases, such as potato late blight (LB), especially when breeders combine highly efficient genes for broad-spectrum resistance that are novel to the intruding pathogens. Our collection of potato hybrids manifesting long-lasting LB resistance comprises, as a whole, the germplasm of 26 or 22 Solanum species (as treated by Bukasov and Hawkes, respectively), with up to 8–9 species listed in the pedigree of an individual hybrid. This collection was screened with the markers of ten genes for race-specific resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Rpi genes) initially identified in S. demissum (R1, R2, R3a, R3b, and R8), S. bulbocastanum/S. stoloniferum (Rpi-blb1/ Rpi-sto1, Rpi-blb2, Rpi-blb3) and S. venturii (Rpi-vnt1). The hybrids comprised the markers for up to four-six Rpi genes per plant, and the number of markers was significantly related to LB resistance. Nevertheless, a considerable portion of resistance apparently depended on presently insufficiently characterized resistance genes. Bred from these multiparental hybrids, the advanced lines with the stacks of broad-specificity Rpi genes will help anticipate LB outbreaks caused by rapid pathogen evolution and the arrival of new pathogen strains.
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McEwan, Margaret A., Conny JM Almekinders, Jorge JL Andrade-Piedra, Erik Delaquis, Karen A. Garrett, Lava Kumar, Sarah Mayanja, Bonaventure A. Omondi, Srinivasulu Rajendran, and Graham Thiele. "“Breaking through the 40% adoption ceiling: Mind the seed system gaps.” A perspective on seed systems research for development in One CGIAR." Outlook on Agriculture 50, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727021989346.
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Seed systems research is central to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Improved varieties with promise for ending hunger, improving nutrition, and increasing livelihood security may be released, but how do they reach and benefit different types of farmers? Without widespread adoption the genetic gains achieved with improved crop varieties can never be actualized. Progress has been made toward demand responsive breeding, however the draft CGIAR 2030 Research and Innovation Strategy fails to recognize the complexity of seed systems and thus presents a narrow vision for the future of seed systems research. This points to the lack of evidence-based dialogue between seed systems researchers and breeders. This perspective paper presents findings from an interdisciplinary group of more than 50 CGIAR scientists who used a suite of seed systems tools to identify four knowledge gaps and associated insights from work on the seed systems for vegetatively propagated crops (VPCs), focusing on bananas (especially cooking bananas and plantains), cassava, potato, sweetpotato, and yam. We discuss the implications for thinking about and intervening in seed systems using a combined biophysical and socioeconomic perspective and how this can contribute to increased varietal adoption and benefits to farmers. The tools merit wider use, not only for the seed systems of VPCs, but for the seed of crops facing similar adoption challenges. We argue for deeper collaboration between seed systems researchers, breeders and national seed system stakeholders to address these and other knowledge gaps and generate the evidence and innovations needed to break through the 40% adoption ceiling for modern varieties, and ensure good quality seed once the new varieties have been adopted. Without this, the achievements of breeders may remain stuck in the seed delivery pipeline.
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Fomina, N. A., O. Yu Antonova, I. G. Chukhina, E. A. Gimaeva, Z. Stashevski, and T. A. Gavrilenko. "Nomenclatural standards and genetic passports of potato cultivars bred by the Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture «Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences»." Plant Biotechnology and Breeding 3, no. 3 (April 16, 2021): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2658-6266-2020-3-o4.
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Breeding of potato cultivars adapted to the climatic conditions of the Middle Volga region and resistant to various harmful organisms has always been an urgent task for breeders of the Tatarstan Republic. In the present paper, the potato cultivars bred at the Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture – Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, were taken as an example for demonstrating the results of application and elaboration of methodological approaches that are currently developed at the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) for the preparing of nomenclatural standards and their genotyping. At the initiative of the VIR researchers in collaboration with the authors of potato cultivars E.A. Gimaeva and Z. Stashevski plant material was collected and nomenclatural standards for potato cultivars bred at the Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences were prepared. Four nomenclatural standards for Tatarstan potato cultivars (‘Zumba’, ‘Kortni’, ‘Reggi’, ‘Samba’) were prepared in accordance with the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature For Cultivated Plants, registered in the VIR Herbarium Database, and transferred to the VIR herbarium type collection. Besides, voucher specimens of cv. ‘Tango’ and breeding clone ‘Sal’sa’, which is undergoing the State Variety Test at present, were produced. Genetic passports of Tatarstan varieties (‘Zumba’, ‘Kortni’, ‘Reggi’, ‘Samba’) and one breeding clone (‘Sal’sa’)* were developed using DNA samples from plant material transferred by the authors of the cultivars to the VIR herbarium. The genetic passports include information of the polymorphism of eight chromosome-specific microsatellites, data on the presence/ absence of the diagnostic fragments of 15 markers of the 11 R-genes conferring resistance to various harmful organisms and the information about cytoplasm types. A comparison of the data from genetic passports developed using DNA samples from nomenclatural standard specimens with the results of genotyping of 22 samples of Tatarstan cultivars obtained from different sources (e.g., samples undergoing ecogeographic tests within the framework of the Comprehensive Research Plan of the subprogram “Development of potato breeding and seed production in the Russian Federation”; as well as accessions from the VIR in vitro collection) made it possible to assess the authenticity and uniformity of the studied plant material.
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De Maine, M. J. "A method of testing the resistance of potato cultivars to tuber damage caused by squeezing." Journal of Agricultural Science 106, no. 2 (April 1986): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600063826.
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SUMMARYTubers from nine cultivars grown in four plantings over 3 years at two sites in Scotland were tested for resistance to cracking by squeezing between two flat surfaces. The force was applied by a lever to which a steel plate was fixed, pressing the tuber against a wooden base. The weight on the lever was recorded when wet hair-line cracks appeared on the tuber surface.There were significant differences between cultivars from the same planting. The rank positions of some cultivars were relatively stable but others differed widely between plantings. The grouping of cultivars into the upper, middle or lower parts of the range for squeezing resistance was similar to that for resistance to external damage based on Potato Marketing Board farm surveys. The test could be used to help breeders identify genotypes highly susceptible to external mechanical damage. If combined with tests of resistance to other types of mechanical abuse common in the bulk handling of tubers a more accurate estimate of damage resistance on the farm should be possible.
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Franceschini, M. H. D., H. Bartholomeus, D. van Apeldoorn, J. Suomalainen, and L. Kooistra. "ASSESSING CHANGES IN POTATO CANOPY CAUSED BY LATE BLIGHT IN ORGANIC PRODUCTION SYSTEMS THROUGH UAV-BASED PUSHBROOM IMAGING SPECTROMETER." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W6 (August 23, 2017): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w6-109-2017.
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Productivity of cropping systems can be constrained simultaneously by different limiting factors and approaches allowing to indicate and identify plants under stress in field conditions can be valuable for farmers and breeders. In organic production systems, sensing solutions are not frequently studied, despite their potential for crop traits retrieval and stress assessment. In this study, spectral data in the optical domain acquired using a pushbroom spectrometer on board of a unmanned aerial vehicle is used to evaluate the potential of this information for assessment of late blight (<i>Phytophthora infestans</i>) incidence on potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>) under organic cultivation. Vegetation indices formulations with two and three spectral bands were tested for the complete range of the spectral information acquired (i.e., from 450 to 900&thinsp;nm, with 10&thinsp;nm of spectral resolution). This evaluation concerned the discrimination between plots cultivated with only one resistant potato variety in contrast with plots with a variety mixture, with resistant and susceptible cultivars. Results indicated that indices based on three spectral bands performed better and optimal wavelengths (i.e., near 490, 530 and 670&thinsp;nm) are not only related to chlorophyll content but also to other leaf pigments like carotenoids.
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Beaufort-Murphy, Helen. "ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON YIELD AND INSECT DAMAGE OF STORAGE ROOTS AND FOLIAGE OF SWEET POTATO IN PERU." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1173b—1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1173b.
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Yield and insect damage of 50 potato cultivars, representative of genetic variation found in CIP germplasm collection, were evaluated over two years in a wide range of environmental conditions throughout Peru, from 4°S to 17°S, including coastal desert, cool highland and humid jungle, at altitudes from 180m to 3280m. Storage root and foliage yields were related to maximum and minimum temperature, photoperiod, precipitation, soils, and insect damage. Genotypic yield varied considerably from one location to another. Jonathan (Peruvian cultivar) produced well in Cañete (coastal desert) but not in the jungle or highlands. Jewel (US cultivar) produced well in Yurimaguas (jungle) but not in coastal deserts. Pesticides were not used but several cultivars had little or no insect damage, others were badly damaged. Some cultivars produced a reasonable yield over a wider range than did others. Results suggest that a cultivar can be strongly adapted to a particular set of environmental conditions. Data provide valuable information for growers-breeders.
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Belicka, Ina, and Zigurds Kalmanis. "Contribution of Jānis Lielmanis in plant breeding in Latvia." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 66, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2012): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10046-011-0050-0.
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Contribution of Jānis Lielmanis in plant breeding in Latvia In autumn 1922, the Ministry of Agriculture of Latvia delegated agronomist Jānis Hilarijs Lielmanis (1895-1970) to organise and establish the State Stende Breeding Station. For many years, he was a director (1922-1940) and later a researcher (1945-1956) of the State Stende Breeding Station. Under the guidance of Lielmanis, an infrastructure for breeding work was formed and research into the morphological, biological, and economic traits of local plant varieties obtained from different Latvian regions were begun in the station. Already in 1924, breeders started breeding of cereals, peas, flax, potato, and clover, using selection from local and foreign varieties and also hybridisation. Until 1945, breeders in Stende, under the guidance of Jānis Lielmanis, developed 16 plant varieties, in the period from 1945 to 1960 — 19 varieties. Parallel to his work in Stende, Lielmanis delivered lectures on plant breeding at the University of Latvia (1933-1940) and lectures on genetics, breeding, and seed production at the Latvian University of Agriculture (1940-1944, then Jelgava Academy of Agriculture; 1945-1948). In the later part of his life, Lielmanis worked in the Latvian Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture (1957-1970), where he conducted research in crop farming and breeding of red clover using traditional breeding methods, as well as polyploidy and heterosis methods, which was modern for that time. The research results of oat growth and acclimatisation were summarised by Lielmanis in his habilitation paper (1933), and the results of breeding and growth of red clover — in his dissertation thesis. He was awarded a degree of candidate of agricultural sciences in 1957 and a doctoral degree in 1968. He was very principled in his scientific viewpoints; he supervised five doctoral theses written by candidates of agricultural sciences, published 457 scientific and popular-scientific articles, and wrote six books. Taking into consideration the contribution of Lielmanis to Latvian agricultural science, in 1995, the Jānis Lielmanis award was established, which has been received by breeders, breeding groups, and seed producers for their contribution in plant breeding and seed production in Latvia.
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Munyuli, Théodore, Kana Cihire, Dodo Rubabura, Kajivunira Mitima, Yajuamungu Kalimba, Nabintu Tchombe, Emmanuel Kizungu Mulangane, et al. "Farmers′ perceptions, believes, knowledge and management practices of potato pests in South-Kivu Province, eastern of Democratic Republic of Congo." Open Agriculture 2, no. 1 (August 28, 2017): 362–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2017-0040.
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AbstractBased on previous complaints and reports from farmers to researchers about potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) problems in South-Kivu Province, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (RDCongo), there was a need to understand farmers′ knowledge of existing insect pest problems and current management practice challenges. Such information is important for designing a suitable intervention and successful integrated pest management (IPM) strategy for the Province. Hence, using a semi-structured questionnaire, a farm household survey was conducted among 300 potato farmers in six sites belonging to 2 territories (Kabare, Kalehe) of South- Kivu Province from June to August 2015. Insect pests, diseases and price fluctuations were among the highest ranked constraints in potato production by farmers. Cutworms (Agrotis spp.), aphids (Myzus persicae Sulzer), and potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) were the most severe insect pests in medium altitude zones (1600-1950m). Ants (Dorylis orantalis Westwood), whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius), and leafminer flies (Liriomyza huidobrensis Blanchard) were the pests of high importance reported from sites of very high altitude (2000-2600m). Major yield losses were mostly attributed to late blight (Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary) and or insect pests and reached 65-90% without chemical control in most study sites. On average, farmers had little knowledge about pest characteristics (bio-ecology, behavior,…). Most (71.5%) farmers were not able to correctly identify insect pest species names. Sometimes, two or more species had the same local name. There was a great confusion between damages (attacks) due to pests, diseases and environmental stresses (rains, soil nutrient deficiency) among farmers. Very few (18.5%) farmers interviewed knew with precision some insect pests. Most (80%) farmers did not know what natural enemies of insect pests and IPM were. Seasonal pest outbreak and emerging new pests were phenomenon related to previous long lasting and repetitive civil wars (1995-2016). Farmers (62.8%) perceived that invasion and emergence of new potato pests could be linked to the smoke of bullets, to climate variability and to uncontrolled introduction of new planting materials. There was a confusion between emergency and resurgence of classical pests. In some cases, there was resurgence of classical pests due to resistance to some pesticides. Resistance to pesticide was mainly because farmers were heavily applying pesticides prior to receiving advice from extension workers about wise and safer application of pesticides. The level of severity of potato pest incidence was perceived by farmers as extremely high (68.2%) as compared to the situation 20 years (1995-2016) ago. Current farmers′ main response to controlling pests in potato is to apply hazardous, high toxic insecticides that pollute the environment. The predominant control methods were use of fungicides combined (35.7%) or not (64.4%) to insecticides. Potato production in eastern DRCongo is a pesticide dependent crop, according to farmers. This lack of knowledge about environmentally friendly control methods of pests, called for training of both farmers and extension workers in insect pest identification, collection, biology, behavior, ecology, monitoring and control approaches. Empowering farmers with knowledge about insect pests is essential for the reduction of pesticide misuse and uptake of more environmentally friendly approaches like IPM and related strategies (climate smart and Bt-varieties). Field surveys would need follow-up in order to assess the actual field infestation rates and intensities of each insect pest (determine economic injury threshold per species) and develop warning/alerting methods when there are outbreaks in the potato growing zones of eastern DRCongo. There was a call for breeders to develop new varieties that are biotic- abiotic tolerant and which respond to socioeconomic desire of producers and consumers.
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Ortiz, O., K. A. Garrett, J. J. Health, R. Orrego, and R. J. Nelson. "Management of Potato Late Blight in the Peruvian Highlands: Evaluating the Benefits of Farmer Field Schools and Farmer Participatory Research." Plant Disease 88, no. 5 (May 2004): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.5.565.
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Farmer field school programs incorporating farmer participatory research (FPR-FFS) have the potential to provide important benefits to their participants and to other farmers who benefit from improved cultivars and management techniques. An FPR-FFS program in San Miguel, Cajamarca, Peru, has been in place since 1999 with an emphasis on management of potato late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, the most important problem facing Andean potato growers. Farmers' knowledge of late blight was surveyed to determine useful components for the FPR-FFS curriculum. The benefits to participants of FPR-FFS programs were evaluated first by measuring knowledge of late blight management of participants and nonparticipants. Studies of the Peruvian FPR-FFS program indicate that participants are more knowledgeable and that their expertise further increases after an additional year of participation. The benefits to participants can be evaluated more directly by comparing the productivity of participants' farms compared with nonparticipants' farms. For the Peruvian FPR-FFS program, participants had significantly higher average levels of productivity. The benefits of FPR-FFS programs for the development of better cultivars and management techniques can be evaluated indirectly in terms of improved estimates of performance. Estimates of the overall performance of a particular cultivar or technique become more precise as data from more sites are included in calculating the estimate. A more direct evaluation of benefits from FPR-FFS input may be based on the ability of farmers in FPR-FFS programs to eliminate undesirable genotypes and to recommend desirable genotypes based on criteria in addition to those used by breeders.
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LINDÉN, L., M. SEPPÄNEN, and A. VÄINÖLÄ. "Cold hardiness research on agricultural and horticultural crops in Finland." Agricultural and Food Science 8, no. 4-5 (January 4, 1999): 459–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5641.
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This paper represents an overview of cold hardiness research conducted on agricultural and horticultural crops, as well as on amenity plants in Finland. Inadequate freezing tolerance and/or winter hardiness often prevents introduction of new species and cultivars to Finland. Field observations on winter hardiness and more recently the results from laboratory freezing tests, have assisted breeders to select hardy genotypes. Research approaches for agricultural crops have evolved from observations on winter and frost damage to studies on molecular mechanisms of cold acclimation and freezing injury. The results of experiments on survival of winter cereals, grasses and clovers and frost tolerance of potato and turnip rape are discussed. The studies conducted on horticultural crops, including apple, strawberry, raspberry, currants, blueberry, sea buckthorn, perennial herbs as well as on ornamental trees and shrubs have included field evaluations of cultivars, or selections for winter hardiness, and studies on the effects of cultural management practices on winter survival. During the last decade detailed studies including controlled freezing tests have provided tools to assist in explanation of the underlying mechanisms of cold hardiness also in horticultural plants. ;
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Hovius, Marilyn H. Y., and Irwin L. Goldman. "Evaluation of Long-day Onions for Resistance to White Rot Infection Using Greenhouse and Laboratory Techniques." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 129, no. 2 (March 2004): 258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.129.2.0258.
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Breeders have found field screening for onion white rot resistance to be unreliable since consistently moderate to high disease levels that significantly differentiate cultivars, do not occur over field sites and years. The objective was to see if a greenhouse or laboratory technique could predict field reaction of onion accessions. Onion (Allium cepa) accessions were grown in fields naturally infested with the white rot causing fungus (Sclerotium cepivorum) in 1999 and 2000 (New Zealand) and in 2000 and 2001 (Canada). The field disease levels were low at three sites, moderate at two and high at one. Field screening was not a reliable predictor of white rot reaction when disease incidence was low. Onion accessions were screened for resistance in the greenhouse using nonsterile muck soil (NSMS) and sterile muck soil (SMS) with S. cepivorum sclerotia as the inoculum source. Total disease incidence was significantly higher in the NSMS compared to the SMS and accessions showed significant variability for white rot reaction in both soils. Two laboratory-based techniques were used to test the effect of onion volatiles on mycelium growth in culture. The volatiles from susceptible accessions resulted in faster radial growth of S. cepivorum mycelium (on water agar) and height of aerial mycelium (on potato dextrose agar) than volatiles from resistant accessions. Disease incidence in the greenhouse, S. cepivorum culture growth rates on water agar media and aerial mycelial height were all good predictors of field disease incidence in a covariance analysis. The best predictor was aerial mycelial height, which was predictive of field disease incidence in four out of six field sites. Onion breeders can use the methods described in this study in breeding for white rot resistance.
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Muchlis, Dirwan, and Nurcholis. "Sustainable Livestock Development In The Border Of Merauke Region Based On Environment." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187303010.
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The purpose of this research is to provide information on sustainable livestock strategies with regard to the environment and social of Papua local communities in the process of cattle breeding process. In addition to increasing the productivity of local livestock, it is required the efficiency of the use of feed materials derived from agricultural waste. This policy should be supported with innovation and technology. Data collection method of this research using two types of data that is primary data and secondary data, primary data obtained from interviews of 30 breeders and the determination of respondents is conducted by way of purposive sampling. Secondary data were obtained from the Livestock Service Office of Merauke Regency, Department of Food Crops and Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The field survey results show that in addition to the field grass as the main feed, all breeders use agricultural waste as forage for livestock feed and use little palm oil waste. Types of agricultural waste used are rice straw, sweet potato straw, corn stalks and leaves, and groundnut straw. The highest agricultural waste production is corn stalk and leaves and banana waste both based on fresh produce and dry ingredients. In addition to the most common maintenance pattern is extensively and the best livestock development sites are in elikobel. Site selection based on various things such as location of topography, suboptimal land use, integration pattern optimization, developing local livestock such as poultry and pigs. The conclusion of this research is the strategy of development of sustainable livestock in border area can be conducted in elikobel district with various records such as the need of government policy related to environmentally careful livestock integration system, improving feed innovation and technology, livestock breeding, reproduction technology, and animal disease control to increase productivity and production of local livestock.
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Hossain, Shafayet, Golam Rasul, M. A. Khaleque Mian, M. Moynul Haque, and Abdul Mannan Akanda. "Yield Potential of Twelve Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Varieties Grown from Different Generations of Seed." Agriculturists 13, no. 2 (January 30, 2016): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v13i2.26601.
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An experiment was conducted at the research field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur to determine the yield potential of twelve potato varieties for consecutive years during 2009-2011. The mean performance of varieties, generations and their interactions varied significantly. Field performance revealed that the plant height decreased in all the varieties Raja, Arinda, Patrones, Multa, Asterix, Granola, Felsina, Diamant, Cardinal, Provento, Ailsa and BARI TPS1 in the 4th generation compared to 2nd generation (Breeders Seed) except Raja and Arinda and it decreased compared to 3nd generation in Patrones and Felsina. The highest plant vigor was observed in Felsina and Asterix in the 1st generation, Patrones, Multa and Asterix in the 2nd generation and Raja and Granola in the 3rd generation. The highest number of stems per hill was produced by Patrones in all the three generations and the lowest was in Arinda in the 3rd generation. The highest number of hills per plot was recorded in Asterix and Granola and the lowest were in Ailsa and Raja. Higher tuber yield per hill was obtained from Ailsa, followed by Raja, Arinda and Felsina. Patrones produced higher number of tubers per plot in all the three generations while Ailsa produced the minimum which were followed by Felsina, Diamant, Raja and Arinda in all the generations. The yield of different varieties in the 2nd generation ranged from 11.94 t/ha (Ailsa) to 26.18 t/ha (Asterix) with an average yield of 19.06 t/ha. However, the highest yield was observed by Asterix followed by Granola, Arinda, Provento and Diamant in the 2nd generation.The Agriculturists 2015; 13(2) 120-132
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Gavrilenko, T. A., and I. G. Chukhina. "Nomenclatural standards of modern Russian potato cultivars preserved at the VIR herbarium (WIR): A new approach to cultivar genepool registration in a genebank." Plant Biotechnology and Breeding 3, no. 3 (April 16, 2021): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2658-6266-2020-3-o2.
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VIR is creating a collection of nomenclature standards for cultivars of different crops in line with the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP). The nomenclatural standards are designed in the form of a herbarium sample in cooperation with the authors of cultivars, who select plant material for each cultivar in the experimental field of their organization and forward it to the scientific herbarium together with the accompanying documents. Registering of herbarium specimen in the scientific herbarium is followed by the publication of nomenclatural standards. The article presents a new VIR genebank strategy for registering plant material of domestic cultivars received from breeders, which includes the design of nomenclatural standards; the development of a genetic passport of a cultivar using DNA samples from the plant delivered to the scientific herbarium; and application of biotechnological methods for keeping explants (isolated from the acquired plant material as buds or meristems) alive. The proposed integrated approach makes it possible to document cultivars not only with the help of nomenclatural standards, but also with the use of molecular-genetic methods, as well as to save genotyped specimens, transferred to herbarium, in in vitro and in cryo collections. This approach is applicable to any vegetatively propagated crop. The article summarizes the first results of our proposed strategy using modern domestic potato cultivars as an example. Collection, transfer and preparation of plant material for nomenclatural standards of potato varieties are specific; this article explains our protocol for this work. The implementation of this strategy in 2018-2020 led to the designation of nomenclatural standards for 66 Russian potato varieties and elaboration of their genetic passports, which are presented in a series of articles included into issues Nos.3 and 4, Volume 3, of the journal “Plant Biotechnology and Breeding”, containing an overview of methodological approaches to registration of modern domestic cultivars in the VIR collection. DNA samples obtained from the plant material provided by the cultivar authors for nomenclatural standard designation will continue to be used as a source of information on the genetic potential of a cultivar through the expansion of the list of DNA markers and the application of new genetic technologies.
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Seinhorst, J. W., A. Oostrom, T. H. Been, and C. H. Schomaker. "Relative susceptibilities of eleven potato cultivars and breeders' clones toGlobodera pallida pathotype Pa 3, with a discussion of the interpretation of data from pot experiments." European Journal of Plant Pathology 101, no. 4 (July 1995): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01874859.
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