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1
Clark, Trevor N., Madison Carroll, Katelyn Ellsworth, et al. "Antibiotic Mycotoxins from an Endophytic Fusarium acuminatum Isolated from the Medicinal Plant Geum macrophyllum." Natural Product Communications 13, no. 10 (2018): 1934578X1801301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801301017.
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An extract of the endophytic fungus Fusarium acuminatum (TC2-084) isolated from the Canadian medicinal plant Geum macrophyllum exhibited significant antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra when fermented in both malt extract and potato dextrose broths. However, significant differences observed in the NMR spectra of the respective extracts led us to further investigate both. Bioassay guided fractionation revealed that lateropyrone was solely responsible for the bioactivity observed when TC2-084 was fermented in malt extract broth, while the antimycobacterial activity of the extract derived from the isolate fermented in potato dextrose broth was augmented by the presence of enniatins B, B1, and B4 in addition to lateropyrone.
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Karthick Raja Namasivayam, S., and P. Vinoth Kumar. "INFLUENCE OF GROWTH MEDIA ON PATHOGENICITY OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE ( METSCH) SOROKIN AGAINST CHILO PARTELLUS ( SWINHOE)." Journal of Biopesticides 02, no. 01 (2009): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.2.1.92-93.
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ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to evaluate various liquid growth media viz sabouraud dextrose, sabouraud sucrose, sabouraud maltose supplemented with yeast extract, potato dextrose and coconut water derived coniospores and blastospores on sorghum stem borer Chilo partellus ( Swinhoe)Among the media, the conidia harvested from sabouraud maltose yeast extract broth ( SMYB),potato dextrose broth and coconut water were found to be pathogenic to all the larval instars of C.partellus. However, blastospores derived from none of the media did cause mortality
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RANI, RITU, VINEET K. SHARMA, JAGJEET S. LORE, and P. P. S. PANNU. "Cultural studies on Ustilaginoidea virens, the incitant of false smut of rice (Oryza sativa)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85, no. 7 (2015): 888–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i7.50113.
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A study was carried out to find out the favourable culture media for mass multiplication and the effect of carbon sources and duration on chlamydospore germination of Ustilaginoidea virens (Cook.) Tak. Different synthetic and semi synthetic solid, liquid media, substrate media were evaluated for mass multiplication of U. virens. Potato sucrose broth was the best medium for fast mycelia growth (104.80 mg) and sporulation (6.78 × 105 spores/ml), potato dextrose broth also favored mycelial growth, whereas corn meal dextrose broth was not suitable. Out of four solid media tested, maximum colony diameter (68.74 mm) and sporulation (6.86 × 105 spores/ml) was produced by potato sucrose agar followed by potato dextrose agar. Maximum sporulation was produced on substrate media based on barley seeds (5.54 × 105 spores/ml) followed by rice seeds (3.72 × 105 spores/ml) whereas rice husk based media produced minimum sporulation. Higher concentration of sucrose and dextrose at 2 per cent supported maximum germination of spores of U. virens and sucrose was found superior in inducing germination than dextrose. The results of this study help to understand the physiological and biochemical requirements for the growth and development of the pathogen, which could serve as an input in disease management to minimize the effect of false smut disease on rice.
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Dass, C., and A. Teyegaga. "Growth Suppression of Some Wood-Decay and Other Fungi by Bacillus subtilis." Australian Journal of Botany 44, no. 6 (1996): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9960705.
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The antagonistic activity of an isolate of Bacillus subtilis was examined against five wood-decay fungi (Coriolus spp., Poria sp., Stereum sp., Hexagonia discopoda, and Schizophyllum commune) and five other fungi (Candida sp., Fusarium sp., Curvularia geniculata, Penicillium digitatum, and Trichoderma viride). The effect of the bacterium on the fungi was tested using aerated growth on potato dextrose agar, non-aerated (partially anaerobic) growth on potato dextrose agar, and growth in potato dextrose broth supplemented with cell-free filtrate of broth in which B. subtilis was previously cultured. All 10 fungal species were inhibited by water-soluble factors produced by the bacterium. Nine of the 10 species were adversely affected by volatiles synthesised by the bacterium. Varying degrees of inhibition were observed in the fungi in response to the presence of cell-free filtrate of B. subtilis in broth medium. The results of this study confirm the dual nature (production of antifungal volatile compounds in addition to water-soluble agents) of antagonism manifested by B. subtilis and the thermostable property of the antifungal factors it synthesises. It also broadens the range of fungi proven to be inhibited by the bacterium.
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Ferdous, Akter, Giush Uddin Ahmed Md., Firoz Alam M., Sultana Surovi, and Ahsanur Rahman M. "Evaluation of organic culture media for mass production of Trichoderma harzianum (Rifai)." International journal of Microbiology and Mycology (IJMM) 4, no. 2 (2016): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8366228.
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Environmental contamination for excessive use of chemical protectant increasing the interest in integrated pest management and organic farming. Trichoderma harzianum (Rifai) a promising biocontrol agent fairly acceptable globally used against wide array of plant pathogens. Culture establishment and easy utilization technique of those isolates may not evident for commercialization in all level because of costly production. To cultivate the inoculums in the cheapest suitable media of organic source present study was undertaken. Mycelial growth, conidial production and biomass yield of Trichoderma harzianum were examined on four different culture media including potato dextrose agar, modified potato dextrose agar, carrot Agar, pulse sucrose agar. The medium had a significant effect on growth rate and population of the Trichoderma species. Carrot Agar was the best medium in terms of quick growth rate and spore production with at low cost. Average linear growth rate was measured after three days of inoculation and highest linear growth has found on potato dextrose agar medium followed by carrot agar. The Biomass yield also recorded as fresh weight and dry weight of inoculums from liquid culture medium and the maximum yielding of inoculums has found in potato dextrose broth and minimum in carrot broth. Published by the <strong>International journal of Microbiology and Mycology (IJMM)</strong>
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Senthamizhlselvan, P., J. Alice, R. P. Sujeetha, and C. Jeyalakshmi. "GROWTH, SPORULATION AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF NATIVE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGAL ISOLATES ON A SUITABLE MEDIUM." Journal of Biopesticides 03, no. 02 (2010): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.3.2.466-469.
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ABSTRACT The two culture media tested both Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar ( SDA) recorded maximum mycelial growth in Beauveria bassiana isolates. Maximum growth was observed in the isolates of VpNlKKL 2121 (65.22mm), BbMtKKL 2107 (65.16mm), BbMdKKL 2106 (63.44mm) and FmNvKKL 2121 (62.78mm) and minimum growth was noticed in VpPmKKL 2120 (37.33mm) in PDA media. With SDA media maximum growth was observed in BbMtKKL 2107 (68.02mm) and BbMdKKL 2106 (66.91). Slowest growth was noticed in VpPmKKL 2120 (32.18 mm) .Highest spore count was noticed in B. bassiana isolates BbMtKKL 2107 (8.90 X 108 spores /ml) and BbMdKKL 2106 (8.77 X 108 spores / ml) isolates and are on par with FmNvKKL 2124 and VpPmKKL 2120 with PDA media. All other isolates had similar effect. Similarly, BbMdKKL 2106 isolate of B. bassiana in SDA media showed maximum spore count of 8.95 X 108 spores / ml and other isolates were on par with each other, except FpEvKKL 2119 which recorded least spore count of 0.52 X 108 spores / ml. Of the various fungi tested in (Potato Dextrose Broth)PDB and(Sabouraud Dextrose Broth) SDB (liquid broths) revealed that isolate BbMtKKL 2107 produced highest yield of (1.87g) followed by FpCmKKL 1526 (1.66g) and BbMdKKL 2106 (1.40g) and they were on a per with each other and remaining cultures four cultures were on par with each other. With reference to SDB media tested, highest yield was noticed in FpCmKKL 1526 (2.10g).
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Pérez-Anzúrez, Gustavo, Pedro Mendoza-de Gives, Agustín Olmedo-Juárez, et al. "First Record of Flavocillium subprimulinum (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) in Mexico: Morphological and Molecular Characterisation, Nematocidal Activity of Its Liquid Culture Filtrates against Haemonchus contortus and Protease Activity." Journal of Fungi 10, no. 1 (2024): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof10010056.
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This is the first record of the fungus Flavocillium subprimulinum in Mexico. The isolate was taxonomically characterised and cultured in potato dextrose broth (PDB), Czapek–Dox broth (CzDoxB), and sweet potato dextrose broth (SPDB) to obtain its filtrates (FLCF). The nematocidal activity (NA) of three FLCF concentrations was assessed against Haemonchus contortus L3. Protease activity (PA) was assessed with SDS-PAGE, followed by a zymogram. The NA of the FLCF reached 94.43% in PDB and 95.82% in CzDoxB, respectively, at 100 mg/mL. Lower mortality (64%) was found in SPDB at 100 mg/mL. SDS-PAGE showed bands (in PBS) of ~25, ~40, and ~55 kDa. The zymogram showed protein bands (PBs) with PA in the media, including PBs of ~14, ~40, and ~55 kDa. This study establishes the basis for exploring the potential use of this fungus against H. contortus, which is considered the most pathogenic parasite affecting lambs.
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Zhou, Ting, R. D. Reeleder, and S. A. Sparace. "Influence of nutrients on growth ofEpicoccum nigrum." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 7 (1996): 647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-089.
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Epicoccum nigrum is a potential biological control agent for certain plant diseases, such as white mold of bean caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. To provide information that could be used to improve the production and efficacy of E. nigrum, the effects of nutrients, including specific carbohydrate sources and amino acids, on mycelial growth, sporulation, germination of conidia, and elongation of germ tubes were determined. In dual cultures of E. nigrum and S. sclerotiorum, the effects of nutrients on widths of inhibition zones between the two fungi were assessed. Standard mycological media supported faster radial growth than media with single carbohydrate sources and individual amino acids, but glutamic acid combined with maltose or dextrose was similar with respect to stimulation of sporulation when compared with media such as V8 juice and yeast extract agars. Dual culture inhibition zones were greater in certain simple media (dextrose and lysine, sucrose and lysine, and maltose and lysine) than in standard media. For germination and germ tube elongation, sucrose and maltose were superior to most other carbohydrate sources tested, and lysine and glutamic acid were superior amino acid sources. When standard broth media were compared for production of antifungal compounds by E. nigrum, both potato dextrose broth and malt extract broth were superior to Czapek solution. Culture filtrates of E. nigrum grown in potato dextrose broth were more inhibitory towards S. sclerotiorum than filtrates from malt extract cultures.Key words: biological control, white mold, Epicoccum purpurascens, antibiosis.
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Singh, Rajendra, Vishal Raghuvansi, Ajay Kumar, Kartik Rathi, and Joginder Singh. "Cost effective production of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) on different agricultural products." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 7, no. 1 (2022): 14–18. https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2022.7.1.3.
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The present investigation entitled “Cost effective production of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) on different agricultural products” was carried out at Bio Control Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut during 2020-21. In all there were eight treatments including control replicated thrice in a randomized block design. The cost effective production of Metarhizium anisopliae spore/ml (1x106) production incurred for the production of spores significantly superior of various treatments in showed the treatments Savoured dextrose broth (SDB), significantly superior was the best treatment by bringing down the Metarhizium anisopliae cost effective production on substrate for cost effective of Metarhizium anisopliae spore/ml (1x106) cost incurred for the production of spores T10 Savoured dextrose broth (SDB) was the best low cost substrate and high production showed in the table 1 (Rs 11.49 and 156.40 spore/ml), T11 Potato dextrose broth (PDB) (Rs 6.96 and 133.50 spore/ml), and solid substrate T8 Vermicompost + 1% YE + 1.0 g Dextrose (Rs 12.20 and 110.55 spore/ml).
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T. Khalaf, Kawther. "Isolation and Identification of two bioactive compounds from basidiomycetes fungus Coprinus sp." University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science 5, no. 2 (2015): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v5i2.122.
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The fungus Coprinus sp. was isolated and cultivation in laboratory on two PDA medium with some growthinduction .Two bioactive chemical compounds were isolated and purified from mycelial culture of Coprinus sp. byusing potato dextrose agar and potato dextrose broth . The two compounds were identified by using GC-mass technique .The molecular weight of purified compounds 1 and 2 were 352 KD and 388 KD respectively and chemical formula of compound 1 is C21H24N2O3 which isolated from solid medium while compound 2 is C24H26O4 which isolated from broth medium . The antibacterial activity of the purified compounds against three bacterial species E. coli , Proteus sp. and S. aureus were tested by using a disk diffusion agar method reaching to 40 , 30 , 20 for compound 1and 37, 25 , 17 mm for compound 2.
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LIEWEN, MICHAEL B., and ELMER H. MARTH. "Growth of Sorbate-Resistant and -Sensitive Strains of Penicillium roqueforti in the Presence of Sorbate." Journal of Food Protection 48, no. 6 (1985): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-48.6.525.
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Growth of two strains of Penicillium roqueforti in different media foritified with sorbate was observed. The sorbic acid-sensitive strain grew in YES and mycological broths with sorbic acid concentrations up to 500 ppm, and in YM broth with sorbic acid concentrations up to 1000 ppm. The sorbic acid-resistant strain grew in YES and mycological broths with sorbic acid concentrations up to 6000 ppm, and in YM broth with sorbic acid concentrations up to 9000 ppm. Supplementing mycological broth with various ingredients affected growth of the resistant strain. Addition of 1% casein or 0.3% yeast, potato or malt extract increased the amount of mycelia produced in the absence of sorbate, but had little effect on mycelial growth in the presence of 3000 ppm sorbic acid. Substituting maltose for dextrose increased mycelial growth over that in the control medium in the presence of sorbate but had no effect in the absence of sorbate. Substituting sucrose, lactose or starch for dextrose decreased mycelial growth in the absence of sorbate, but had no statistically significant effect in the presence of sorbate. Sorbate had the smallest effect on mycelial growth in YM broth. The resistant strain caused a loss of sorbate from all media, but the sensitive strain did not. 1,3-Pentadiene was produced only by the resistant strain when growth occurred in the presence of sorbate. Uptake of sorbic acid by mycelia was considerably less for the resistant than the sensitive strain.
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Pushpalatha, H. S., Vineeth M, Prateek Ranjan Behera, et al. "Deciphering the Morpho-molecular and Physiological Characterization of Rhizopus stolonifer Affecting Jackfruit Rot." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 28, no. 5 (2025): 762–72. https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2025/v28i52337.
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Fruit rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill. is a common fungal disease of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) that leads to fruit rotting in vegetative and maturity phases which restrains the emergence of flowers and fruits. Further identification of the pathogen was done by performing cultural, morphological, molecular and physiological characterization. On potato dextrose agar R. stolonifer produced whitish grey cottony growth initially followed by blackish mycelial growth in later days as its growth advanced. The fruit rot pathogen exhibited diverse mycelial growth patterns ranging from flat, raised to fluffy and densely cottony growth as it has the tendency to spread rapidly that covers entire Petri plate (90 mm). Morphologically, brownish straight sporangiophores along with globose sporangium was identified. Rhizopus stolonifer (black bread mold), thrive on damaged or decaying fruits. The fungus rapidly colonizes fruits under warm and humid conditions. It is highly destructive, with visible colonization and spoilage occurring within 24–48 hours. Fruit injuries and sugar content significantly influence fungal growth rates and spread. Potato starch serves as a carbon source for Rhizopus, supporting its growth in industrial and laboratory settings. Rhizopus stolonifer are used in fermentation processes to saccharify starch into sugars. Growth is typically optimized with additional nutrients or under controlled conditions, as ungelatinized starch alone isn't fully utilized by the fungus. Columella was hyaline and cylindrical shaped that measured about 25.17 µm. Rhizoids were present profusely and stolons were also found. Among six different temperatures levels examined using potato dextrose broth, the highest average fresh and dry mycelium weight (920.17 and 260.62 mg) was observed at 35 °C and least dry mycelium weight (0.00 mg) was observed at 15 °C and at 40 °C on liquid media (potato dextrose broth). Among six different pH levels studied using potato dextrose broth, maximum growth of the fungus was recorded at pH 7.0 (981.76 mg of fresh and 302.78 mg of dry weight respectively) followed by pH 7.5 (924.13 mg and 269.26 mg) and pH 6.5 (748.51 mg and 183.32 mg). Least growth of the fungus was observed at pH 5.0 (330.71 mg and 82.43 mg). Pathogen was identified as Rhizopus stolonifer having 99.99 per cent homology and accession number PQ26879.
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Singh, Vijay Pratap, Ajay Kumar, Rajendra Singh, Ravi Kumar, Ankit Kumar, and Joginder Singh. "Study on entomopathogenic of mass production of Beauveria bassiana on liquid and solid media." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 6, no. 1 (2021): 48–52. https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2021.6.1.7.
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The present investigation entitled “Mass production of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Metsch.) on liquid and solid media” was carried out at Bio Control Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut during 2018-19. In all there were eight treatments including control replicated thrice in a randomized block design. The results obtained in the study are summarized. The substrate for cost effective of Beauveria bassiana spore/ ml (1x106) cost incurred for the production of spores T10 Savoured dextrose broth (SDB) was the best low cost substrate and high production showed in the table 1 (Rs 5.55 and 150. 25 spore/ml), T11 potato dextrose broth (PDB) (Rs 7.10 and 129.10 spore/ml), and solid substrate T8 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) + Molasses + 1% YE + 1.0 g Dextrose (Rs 6.25 and 102.55 spore/ml) and T7 black gram (Vigna mungo) + Molasses + 1% YE + 1.0 g Dextrose (Rs 6.10 and 83.35 spore/ml).
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MCINTYRE, SHERI, JUDY Y. IKAWA, NINA PARKINSON, JOHN HAGLUND, and JENNIFER LEE. "Characteristics of an Acidophilic Bacillus Strain Isolated from Shelf-Stable Juices." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 3 (1995): 319–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.3.319.
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An acidophilic sporeformer was isolated from several varieties of shelf-stable juices. The organism sporulated on potato dextrose agar (pH 3.5) at 37°C within 24 hours and grew well in fruit and berry juices. The pH range of growth in potato dextrose broth was 3.0 to 5.3. The D87.8°C' D91.1°C' and D95°C determined in berry juice were 11.0, 3.8, and 1.0 min, respectively. The ability of this organism to grow at low pH and to survive pasteurization poses a threat of economic loss by spoilage to beverage producers. The organism could not be identified based on its characteristics or the fatty acid profile comparison to those of other Bacillus species, including the acidophilic B. acidocaldarius.
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Bandara, H. M. S. K. H., N. Savitri Kumar, Lalith Jayasinghe, Hironori Masubuti, and Yoshinori Fujimoto. "A 3-Vinyl Cephem Derivative, a Useful Intermediate in the Synthesis of Cepham Antibiotics, from Aspergillus awamori Associated with Banana Fruit." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 10 (2015): 1934578X1501001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501001010.
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Aspergillus awamori was isolated from a diseased banana fruit, Musa acuminata cv. Ambul. The fungus was fermented in potato dextrose broth and on potato dextrose agar media and the fungal media were extracted with EtOAc. Chromatographic separation of the EtOAc extracts furnished 4-methoxybenzyl 7-phenylacetamido-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate (1), along with three naphtho-γ-pyrones, flavasperone (2), foncesinone A (3) and aurasperone A (4), and three alkaloids, aspernigrin A (5), pestalamide C (6) and nigragillin (7). Compound 1, a known key intermediate in the chemical synthesis of cepham antibiotics, was isolated from a natural source for the first time. Compound 1 is the first 3-vinyl cephem derivative of microbial origin.
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Moura, Paula Francislaine, Celso Garcia Auer, Katlin Suellen Rech, et al. "Biotechnology of biomass production in vitro of fungi isolated from Pinus." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 10 (2020): e7809109080. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.9080.
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Fungi are organisms capable of synthesizing metabolites of industrial interest and the standardization of biomass production for the extraction of these compounds has biotechnological applications. The objective of this work was to optimize the in vitro cultivation process for fungi isolated from Pinus sp., standardizing the best conditions for the production of biomass, contributing to its large scale production. Therefore, the conditions of in vitro cultivation of the fungi Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia sp. and Suillus sp., were evaluated based on the maximum production of dry biomass (PBS), varying temperature, medium and cultivation time. The fungi were grown in glass flasks with liquid culture media, in a BOD chamber, without mechanical stirring. Potato-dextrose broth - PD broth (PD), Czapek - CZ broth (CZ) and Malt Extract - EM broth (EM) were evaluated at temperatures ranging from 8 to 32 ºC and incubation times from 7 to 35 days. PD broth showed better results for fungi B.cinerea and Rhizoctonia sp., when compared to CZ and EM broths, in PBS, while Suillus sp. showed better development in EM broth. The best growth temperature based on PBS was 12 ºC and 16 ºC, with 28 and 35 days of cultivation.
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Perdana Rozziansha, Tjut Ahmad, Novitawati Simarmata, Eka Wijayanti, and Ahmad Rafiqi Tantawi. "Development and virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae in several liquid media against Oryctes rhinoceros larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1494, no. 1 (2025): 012028. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1494/1/012028.
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Abstract Oryctes rhinoceros is one of the main pests in oil palm plantations, especially during replanting and the immature palm stage. Adults of O. rhinoceros were controlled using pheromone traps and insecticide application. On the other hand, the larvae were controlled with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. This research aimed to determine the effects of several liquid media on the growth, spore production, and virulence of M. anisopliae. The liquid media used were potato dextrose broth (PDB), sabouroud dextrose yeast extract broth (SDYB), yeast peptone glucose broth (YPGB), and mature coconut water (MCW). The results showed that the liquid media affected spore type, density, viability, larval mortality, and LT50. PDB, SDYB, and YPGB media produce conidiospores, while MCW medium produces both conidiospores and blastospores. Mature coconut water medium had the highest spore density, spore viability, larval mortality, and the fastest LT50 compared to the other liquid media.
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Daigle, Donald J., and Peter J. Cotty. "The influence of cysteine, cysteine analogs, and other amino acids on spore germination of Alternaria species." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 11 (1991): 2353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-296.
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The influence of amino acids on spore germination of Alternaria eassiae was investigated to develop a basis for improvement of mycoherbicide formulations. At a 1% concentration, the majority of amino acids exhibited little or no effect on spore germination in vitro. However, aspartic and glutamic acids stimulated germination, and serine, tryptophan, cysteine, and phenylalanine inhibited spore germination. Cysteine was the strongest inhibitor of germination and was active in the presence of potato dextrose broth, which is normally stimulatory. One percent cysteine reduced germination 96% after 4 h. Derivitization of the mercaptan or amino group but not the carboxylic acid group diminished the ability to inhibit spore germination. Cysteine also inhibited spore germination of Alternaria crassa and Alternaria macrospora. Application of cysteine reduced development of Alternaria leaf spot on cotton plants inoculated with A. macrospora. The results demonstrate diverse effects of amino acids on spore behavior and suggest cysteine or similar compounds may be useful in preventing diseases caused by Alternaria species. Key words: amino acids, biological control, cysteine, germination, potato dextrose broth, Alternaria leaf spot.
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Maharani, Maria Mardhitama, Nuniek Ina Ratnaningtyas, and Slamet Priyanto. "PENGGUNAAN BEBERAPA MEDIUM SEMISINTETIK UNTUK PRODUKSI MISELIUM JAMUR MAITAKE (Grifola frondosa (Dickson: Fr.) S. F. Gray) ISOLAT CIANJUR DAN EKSTRAK KASARNYA." Scripta Biologica 1, no. 1 (2014): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.sb.2014.1.1.20.
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Research on the use of some semisynthetic medium for the production of fungal mycelium Maitake (Grifola frondosa (dickson: Fr.) SF Gray) isolates Cianjur and crude extract was performed with an incubation period of 30 days. This study aimed to determine the ability of green bean, cowpea and maize as an alternative material of semisynthetic medium for manufacturing G. frondosa’s mycelium and and to know the production of G. frondosa’s mycelium and the highest crude extract. This study was experimental study with a completely randomized design consisted of 4 treatments : Yeast Potato Dextrose Broth (PDYB) medium, Green bean Yeast Dextrose Broth (GbDYB) medium, Cowpea Yeast Dextrose Broth (CpDYB) medium and Corn Yeast Dextrose Broth (CDYB) medium. The highest average dry weight of mycelium (1,584 g/100ml) was GbDYB medium. The lowest average dry weight of the mycelium (g/100ml 0.244) was PDYB medium. The weight of the crude extract of mycelium in each treatment was lower than the dry weight. The highest weight of the crude extract was obtained from the GbDYB medium treatment (1,22 g) and the lowest was obtained from PDYB medium (0,113 g). Anova test results of different treatment was very significant, meaning that the use of extract of green bean, cowpea and maize greatly affected the growth of G.frondosa’s mycelium. The LSD test between treatment of PDYB medium and CDYB medium was not significant, meaning that the increase of mycelium’s growth on PDYB medium had no different with the CDYB medium.
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Rollins, J. A., M. Ehrenshaft, and R. G. Upchurch. "Effects of light- and altered-cercosporin phenotypes on gene expression in Cercospora kikuchii." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39, no. 1 (1993): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m93-017.
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Cercospora kikuchii is a fungal pathogen of soybean that produces a photosensitizing and phytotoxic polyketide, cercosporin, in culture and in planta. We have studied the influence of growth stage, light, and growth medium on cercosporin accumulation in a wild-type isolate and three mutant strains with altered toxin phenotypes. After an initial logarithmic growth phase, the wild-type isolate accumulated high levels of cercosporin on either complete medium or potato dextrose broth, but only when cultured in the light. Dark-grown cultures of the wild-type and light-grown cultures of two uv-induced mutant derivatives accumulated 100-fold lower cercosporin levels. A third mutant strain accumulated wild-type cercosporin levels, but only when cultured in the light in potato dextrose broth. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of both extracted proteins and in vitro translation products from wild-type cultures revealed the presence of polypeptides and poly A + RNAs whose accumulation was positively regulated by light. Comparison of translated polypeptide patterns from wild-type and mutant cultures also demonstrated differential accumulation of translatable poly A + RNAs in cercosporin-producing and nonproducing cultures.Key words: nonspecific toxin, photo induction, in vitro translation.
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Nigora, Rustamova. "Optimization of culture condition for growth and production of bioactive secondary metabolites by endophytic fungus Thermothelomyces thermophiles XJF-9." 2016-yil, 1-son (95) ANIQ VA TABIIY FANLAR SERIYASI 1, no. 95 (2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.59251/2181-1296.2023.v3.139.1.2066.
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In this work aimed to optimize the culture condition of the fungal strain Thermothelomyces thermophiles XJF-9 to increase the growth and production of pharmacological active secondary metabolites. The potent fungus is subjected to optimization in various culture medium and incubation time. The optimized culture medium was Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) using dextrose as carbon source and incubation time 14 days for the maximum growth and production of bioactive natural compounds by T. thermophiles XJF-9. Moreover, secondary metabolites of crude ethyl acetate extract were investigation melanin content assay and tyrosinase activity. These secondary metabolites are effectively utilized in medicinal and pharmaceutical industry.
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RESTAINO, L., S. BILLS, and L. M. LENOVICH. "Growth Response of an Osmotolerant, Sorbate-Resistant Saccharomyces rouxii Strain: Evaluation of Plating Media." Journal of Food Protection 48, no. 3 (1985): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-48.3.207.
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Standard Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) was inferior to PDA/60% sucrose plating medium for enumerating osmotolerant yeasts from a high-sugar food product. The largest disparity in the number of Saccharomyces rouxii cells (&gt;2.00 log number cells/g) recovery by PDA/60% sucrose and standard PDA was during the lag and early log phase. The optimum growth temperatures of S. rouxii propagated in double strength (2X) Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) were 28°C at 0.995 aw level and 35°C for 0.92 and 0.90 aw levels. No significant (P&gt;0.05) difference was determined between shaking and stomaching for enumeration of S. rouxii, an osmotolerant yeast, from chocolate syrup. Therefore, use of PDA/60% sucrose incubated at 35°C for 5 d is recommended for enumeration of osmotolerant yeasts from a liquid high-sugar product.
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Al-Rikabi, Ahmed Abed Faisal, and Majid Kadhim Abboud Al-Shibli. "Using the Rice Husk Filtrate as Alternative Medium for Oxalic Acid Production Byaspergillus Niger." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 7 (2022): 382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167382.
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The aim of this study was to select cheaper and high yielding alternative medium, like rice husk filtrate, for oxalic acid production by A.niger fungus, in comparison to other culture media that have been used including, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), and Sabouraud Dextrose Broth (SDB). The results showed that the highest percentage of oxalic acid production happens with rice husk filtrate medium, when its productivity was (12.02%), and reached (15.56 %), when rice husk filtrate was used as a solvent for (SDB) powder. It was followed by (SDB) medium, with a production rate of (5.06), then (SDA) with a production rate of (4.94), and (PDA) which gave the lowest production rate (3.67%) Keywords: Oxalic acid, A.niger, Rice Husk Filtrate medium
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Reza, Mohammed Zawad, Ernest Oppong-Danquah, and Deniz Tasdemir. "The Impact of the Culture Regime on the Metabolome and Anti-Phytopathogenic Activity of Marine Fungal Co-Cultures." Marine Drugs 22, no. 2 (2024): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md22020066.
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Co-cultivation, coupled with the OSMAC approach, is considered an efficient method for expanding microbial chemical diversity through the activation of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). As part of our project aiming to discover new fungal metabolites for crop protection, we previously reported five polyketides, the macrolides dendrodolides E (1) and N (2), the azaphilones spiciferinone (3) and 8α-hydroxy-spiciferinone (4), and the bis-naphtho-γ-pyrone cephalochromin (5) from the solid Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) co-culture of two marine sediment-derived fungi, Plenodomus influorescens and Pyrenochaeta nobilis. However, some of the purified metabolites could not be tested due to their minute quantities. Here we cultivated these fungi (both axenic and co-cultures) in liquid regime using three different media, Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB), Sabouraud Dextrose Broth (SDB), and Czapek-Dox Broth (CDB), with or without shaking. The aim was to determine the most ideal co-cultivation conditions to enhance the titers of the previously isolated compounds and to produce extracts with stronger anti-phytopathogenic activity as a basis for future upscaled fermentation. Comparative metabolomics by UPLC-MS/MS-based molecular networking and manual dereplication was employed for chemical profiling and compound annotations. Liquid co-cultivation in PDB under shaking led to the strongest activity against the phytopathogen Phytophthora infestans. Except for compound 1, all target compounds were detected in the co-culture in PDB. Compounds 2 and 5 were produced in lower titers, whereas the azaphilones (3 and 4) were overexpressed in PDB compared to PDA. Notably, liquid PDB co-cultures contained meroterpenoids and depside clusters that were absent in the solid PDA co-cultures. This study demonstrates the importance of culture regime in BGC regulation and chemical diversity of fungal strains in co-culture studies.
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Kondratiuk, T., T. Akulenko, E. Torgalo, T. Beregova, and L. Ostapchenko. "Dependence of biomass accumulation by melanin producer Psedonadsoniella BRUNNEA (Meripilaceae, Agaricomycotina) of the cultural medium content." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 77, no. 1 (2019): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728_2748.2019.77.83-86.
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Dependence of biomass accumulation by melanin producer Pseudonadsoniella brunnea (Merepilaceae, Agaricomycotina) of the cultural medium content was aim of this study. The following 14 different types of cultural media were used: standard liquid nutrient media (Malt extract broth – МЕВ), Sabouraud Broth, potato-dextrose Broth, as well as the original (modified) nutritional media, based on Malt extract Broth, barley malt extract and Nutrient Broth. Various components were used for the modified media, in particular 0.9 % NaCl, monosaccharides (D-glucose, fructose, D (+) – xylose), disaccharides (sucrose, D (+) – maltose, D-lactose), and others. Cultivation of Ps. brunnea was carried out at pH 3-4, temperature + 24 ± 2 ºС for 28 days. The analysis of the results obtained shows that the following media: the liquid nutrient media of MEB, Sabouraud Broth, and barley malt extract with the addition of enzymatic peptone (1 %), yeast extract (0.5 %) and a mixture of these media in different proportions found to be the most optimal media for the accumulation of biomass of melanin producer Pseudonadsoniella brunnea.
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Sharma, Lalan, Sanjay Goswami, and D. T. Nagrale. "Culture and physiological variability in Rhizoctonia solani, responsible for foliar and lesions on aerial part of soybean." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 5, no. 1 (2013): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v5i1.279.
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Foliar blight of soybean is one of the major fungal diseases. Rhizoctonia solani isolated from soybean growing in tarai regions of Uttarakhand. Six isolates of R. solani has been characterized on the basis of cultural and physiological nature such as colony diameter, growth, colour and sclerotia formation were recorded. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) was found best for growth and development. Two isolates (Lakhimpur and Pantnagar) covered the whole plates (90 mm) in 48 hrs. However, maximum number of sclerotia and weight was recorded on Czapek Dox agar medium. Overall radial growth supporting is recorded Corn Meal Agar Medium. Varied range of temperatures i.e. 10, 15, 25, 30, 35 and 400C was tested and found better growth of different isolates of R. solani at 10 - 400C, with an optimum growth temperature at 300C. Isolates were grown on five broth media (Asthana & Hawkers, Potato Dextrose Agar, Czapek’s Dox Agar, Corn Meal Agar and Richards Agar) for fresh, dry weight and oat meal broth culture filtrates of all isolates was used in phytotoxic effects. It recorded that maximum fresh and dry weight was observed on corn meal agar medium. The maximum reduction in radical and plumule length of germinating seeds were recorded in Haldichaur isolate.
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Soesanto, Lukas. "Application of Trichoderma harzianum T10 Liquid Formula Based On Soybean Flour Against Cucumber Seedlings Damping-Off (Pythium sp.)." Akta Agrosia 23, no. 1 (2020): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/aa.23.1.11-18.
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ABSTRACTProper concentration of soybean flour in the liquid formulation for Trichoderma harzianum T10 growth, its influence to suppress damping-off, and on the growth of cucumber seedlings was investigated. Randomized completely design was used in in vitro test with five treatments and five replicates. The treatments were T. harzianum T10 in Potato Dextrose Broth (control), T. harzianum T10 in soybean fluor of 1, 2, 3 and 4%. Randomiszed block design was used in in planta test with six treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted of control, T. harzianum T10 in Potato Dextrose Broth, T. harzianum T10 in soybean fluor of 1, 2, 3, and 4%. Variables observed were conidia density, incubation period, disease incidence, area under the disease progress curve, maximum potentially growth, germination persentage, crop height, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, and root length. Result of the research showed that the right liquid formulation for T. harzianum T10 growth was the use of soybean fluor with concentration of 2% resulting conidia density as 67,10% compared to PDB. The formulation could suppress the disease incidence, decrease AUDPC value, increase root wet weight, crown wet weight, and root length as 66.67, 66.10, 57.36, 43.81, and 41.81%, respectively, compared to control. Keyword: cucumber, damping-off, liquid formula, soybean flour, Trichoderma harzianum
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Konjengbam, Rimamay, Naorem Iboton Singh, and Rajkumari Tombisana Devi. "In-vitro Assessment of Fungicides and pH Levels on the Mycelial Growth and Sclerotia Production of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. causing White Rot of Onion in Manipur." Journal of Current Opinion in Crop Science 2, no. 1 (2021): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.62773/jcocs.v2i1.41.
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Seven fungicides and five different pH levels were evaluated against Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo, causing white rot of onion in Manipur. The efficacies of the fungicides were evaluated by poisoned food technique on potato dextrose agar. The effect of different pH levels was evaluated on potato dextrose broth by measuring dry mycelial weight and counting the number of sclerotia produced by the fungus. Three fungicides, namely, Hexaconazole (500 and 1000ppm), Propiconazole (500 and 1000ppm) and Mancozeb (1000 and 2000ppm), resulted 100% inhibition of mycelial growth and sclerotia production of the white rot pathogen. The mycelial growth and sclerotia production of S. rolfsii were minimal in pH 4.0, providing a total of 0.62g of dry mycelial weight and 1069 sclerotia. The maximum mycelial growth of 0.76g was recorded at pH 5.0, followed by 0.72g at pH 6.0. Maximum number of sclerotia were produced at pH 7.0, followed by pH 6.6. and 6.0 successively.
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Kizitska, Tetiana, Viсtor Barshteyn, Mustafa Sevindik, and Tetiana Krupodorova. "Evaluation of Fomitopsis betulina strains for growth on different media and exopolysaccharide production." Archives of Biological Sciences, no. 00 (2024): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs240523018k.
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Fomitopsis betulina is a widespread macromycete with valuable medicinal potential. This study screened 22 different F. betulina strains for mycelial growth on various media and exopolysaccharide production. Strain-specific features of F. betulina growth and exopolysaccharide production on different media were observed. Variations in the growth rate of the studied strains ranged from 3.50?0.33 to 8.75?0.50 mm/day, biomass synthesis from 2.28?0.26 to 13.72?0.05 g/L, and exopolysaccharide production from 0.02?0.00 to 2.20?0.31 g/L. Maltose as a carbon source in malt extract agar (MEA) and malt extract broth (MEB) was the most suitable for the growth, while dextrose and starch as carbon sources in potato dextrose broth (PDB) were more suitable for exopolysaccharide production. The F. betulina 311 strain has significant biotechnological potential, demonstrated by its robust growth on different agar media, efficient biomass synthesis, and high production of extracellular biopolymers. Our results highlight the significance of different growth media and fungal strains in optimizing biomass and exopolysaccharide production.
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Singh, Rajendra, Nikhil Kumar, Ajay Kumar, Kartik Rathi, and Joginder Singh. "Mass Production of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Metsch.) on Liquid and Solid Media." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 6, no. 2 (2021): 212–18. https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2021.6.2.7.
Full textAbstract:
The present investigation entitled “Mass Production of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Metsch.) on Liquid and Solid Media” was carried out at Bio Control Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut during 2020-21. In all there were eight treatments including control replicated thrice in a complete block design (CRD). The substrate for spores constriction effective of Beauveria bassiana spore/ml (1x106) production incurred for the production of spores significantly superior of various treatments in showed the treatments Savoured dextrose broth (SDB), significantly superior was the best treatment by bringing down the B. Bassiana production on 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days (47.28, 84.12, 147.23, 219.21 and 258.31 spores constriction) in liquid medium followed by second most effective other treatments in order of spore producing was with the treatment in Potato dextrose broth (PDB) on 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days (41.23, 77.86, 114.27, 191.36, and 211.65) spores constriction), in liquid medium and solid medium is the most effective treatment Black gram + Molasses + 1% YE + 1.0 g Dextrose on 7,14,21,28 and 35 days (27.32, 63.11, 93.32, 152.31 and 161.64 spores constriction), superior in solid medium.
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Sritharan, Thulasi, N. Savitri Kumar, Lalith Jayasinghe, Hiroshi Araya, and Yoshinori Fujimoto. "Isocoumarins and Dihydroisocoumarins From the Endophytic Fungus Biscogniauxia capnodes Isolated From the Fruits of Averrhoa carambola." Natural Product Communications 14, no. 5 (2019): 1934578X1985196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19851969.
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An endophytic fungus Biscogniauxia capnodes was isolated from a popular edible fruit Averrhoa carambola. The fungus was fermented in potato dextrose broth for 3 weeks, and then the culture broth and mycelium were extracted with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation of this extract furnished 2 isocoumarins, reticulol (1) and 6- O-methyl-reticulol (2), and 2 dihydroisocoumarins, 5-methylmellein (3) and 7-hydroxy-5-methylmellein (4). Compound 1 showed moderate antioxidant activity against 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (IC50 value, 58 μg/mL). This is the first report of the isolation of B. capnodes as an endophyte, as well as the compounds 1 to 4 from B. capnodes.
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Nalin Rathnayake, G. R., N. Savitri Kumar, Lalith Jayasinghe, Hiroshi Araya, and Yoshinori Fujimoto. "Secondary Metabolites Produced by an Endophytic Fungus Pestalotiopsis microspora." Natural Products and Bioprospecting 9, no. 6 (2019): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13659-019-00225-0.
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Abstract An endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis microspora isolated from the fruits of Manilkara zapota was cultured in potato dextrose broth media. Chromatographic separation of the EtOAc extract of the broth and mycelium led to the isolation of a new azaphilonoid named pitholide E (1), in addition to previously identified pitholide B (2), pitholide D (3), pestalotin (LL-P880α) (4), PC-2 (5), LL-P880β (6), tyrosol (7) and 4-oxo-4H-pyran-3-acetic acid (8). An endophytic fungus P. microspora from M. zapota and the isolation of compounds 1–5, 7 and 8 from P. microspora are reported here for the first time. Graphic Abstract
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Kanjanamaneesathian, M., and P. Meetum. "Efficacy of a simple liquid culture of Bacillus megaterium in suppressing grain discoloration disease of rice (Oryza sativa)." New Zealand Plant Protection 70 (July 24, 2017): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2017.70.49.
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Grain discoloration (GD) of rice (Oryza sativa) is a disease complex that occurs on rice panicles as a result of infection by various fungi. Bacillus megaterium, a bacterial antagonist that is effective against sheath blight of rice, was cultured using either nutrient broth, potato dextrose broth or a common household flavour enhancer. Preliminary data from a single experiment suggested that all three cultures supported growth of the bacterium. Spraying diluted bacterial nutrient-broth culture onto rice (var. RD 31) three times (41, 84 and 96 days after transplanting) reduced the mean severity of GD as a result of the field trials from three consecutive growing seasons. The spray did not affect the percentage germination of the rice seeds after they had been stored for three months in the laboratory at room temperature (26ºC—32ºC).
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Bailey, B. A., Patricia C. Apel-Birkhold, and Douglas G. Luster. "Expression of NEP1 by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli After Gene Replacement and Overexpression Using Polyethylene Glycol-Mediated Transformation." Phytopathology® 92, no. 8 (2002): 833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.8.833.
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The necrosis inducing extracellular protein Nep1 is produced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli in liquid culture. NEP1, the Nep1 protein structural gene, was disrupted in F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli isolate EN-4 by gene replacement using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformation. NEP1 disruption was verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern blot, and northern blot analysis. NEP1-disrupted transformants failed to produce Nep1 in liquid culture. NEP1 disruption did not affect the pathogenicity of isolate EN-4 toward Erythroxylum coca. Transformation of isolate EN-4 with construct pPB-FO11-45 carrying NEP1 between the trpC promoter and terminator resulted in increased production of Nep1 in potato dextrose broth plus 1% casamino acids or Czapek-Dox broth plus 1% casamino acids but not in potato dextrose broth alone. Transformation of EN-4 with construct pPB-FO11-45 was verified by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Overexpression of NEP1 was confirmed by northern blot and Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. NEP1-overexpressing transformant 15 produced 64 to 128 times as much Nep1 as EN-4 wild type when grown in shake cultures. Transformants overexpressing Nep1 in liquid culture were no more or less pathogenic toward E. coca than wild-type isolates. Nep1 was not detected in E. coca seedlings infected with NEP1-overexpressing transformants or with EN-4 wild type. In large-scale fermentations of NEP1-overexpressing transformant 15, the amount of secreted protein including Nep1 was 15.1 times that of the wild-type EN-4, providing a ready source of Nep1 for future study.
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Mascarin, Gabriel Moura, Sérgio Batista Alves, and Rogério Biaggioni Lopes. "Culture media selection for mass production of Isaria fumosorosea and Isaria farinosa." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 53, no. 4 (2010): 753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132010000400002.
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This work investigated the production of the fungi Isaria fumosorosea and Isaria farinosa in biphasic fermentation using agro-industrial products and residues. Combinations of natural liquid substrates, alternative to the complete medium and potato dextrose medium, were evaluated. The best liquid media were sugarcane molasses + rice broth, rice broth + yeast and sugarcane molasses + yeast + rice broth, which resulted in the highest viable propagule concentration. The molasses + rice broth medium was selected for the next phase of the study in which the production of both fungal isolates was evaluated in solid grain substrates. In solid-state fermentation, the best conidia production was achieved with the soybean meal and broken corn for I. farinosa, and whole rice and broken rice for I. fumosorosea. Results demonstrated that the two fungal species could be rapidly produced with higher yield of conidia on agro-industrial resources by using biphasic fermentation techniques.
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Petre, Alexandru, Mihaela Ene, and Emanuel Vamanu. "Submerged Cultivation of Inonotus obliquus Mycelium Using Statistical Design of Experiments and Mathematical Modeling to Increase Biomass Yield." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (2021): 4104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094104.
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Submerged culturing of mycelium is an efficient technique used to increase biomass yields, more so when employed with naturally slow-growing species of mushrooms. This paper is concerned with optimizing nutrient broth components used in Inonotus obliquus cultures for achieving high biomass yields. We modeled the effect of seven biotechnological parameters (six broth ingredients and the initial pH of nutritive broth) on mycelial biomass and predicted an optimum broth formula using response surface methodology. An analysis of variance showed that the elaborated model is significant (F-value of 2.76 and p-value of 0.0316). We used bioreactor cultures to confirm the model’s optimum prediction and to compare these results with a general-purpose mycology medium, namely potato dextrose broth (PDB). The optimized bioreactor culture yielded 4.37 g/L (93.36% of the dry weight prediction), while the PDB bioreactor culture yielded 2.084 g/L, after 15 days of cultivation. The optimized formula was: 2.15299 g malt extract, 3.99296 g yeast extract, 11.0041 g fructose, 17.4 g soluble starch, 0.1 g MgSO4, and 0.05 g CaCl2 per liter of broth.
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Mulyani, Hani, Rizna Triana Dewi, Euis Filailla, and Nina Artanti. "Effect of Liquid Media Composition on Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity from Aspergillus elegans SweF9." Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia 21, no. 2 (2020): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jkti.v21i2.426.
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This study aims to determine the effect of liquid media composition on the inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase from endophytic fungus Aspergillus elegans SweF9 isolated from seaweed (Macroalgae Euchema sp). Fermentation was carried out in three types of liquid media, namely: potato dextrose broth (PDB), potato malt peptone (PMP), and Czapek-dox broth (CDB), which was incubated for 10 days at room temperature, with static conditions. Ethyl acetate solvents were used to extract active metabolites from fungal biomass and filtrate from each media. Antidiabetic activity was measured based on inhibition of enzyme α-glucosidase. The results showed that filtrate extract of A. elegans SweF9 which was cultured on the media PDB showed highest inhibitor activity to the α-glucosidase enzyme with an IC50 value of 1.74 µg / mL compared to other extracts. Based on these results, the PDB media is an appropriate medium for culturing A. elegans SweF9 to produces secondary metabolites that can be used as a new source of antidiabetic agents.
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Papadaki, Aikaterini, Panagiota Diamantopoulou, Seraphim Papanikolaou, and Antonios Philippoussis. "Evaluation of Biomass and Chitin Production of Morchella Mushrooms Grown on Starch-Based Substrates." Foods 8, no. 7 (2019): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8070239.
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Morchella sp. is one of the most expensive mushrooms with a high nutritional profile. In this study, the polysaccharide content of Morchella species was investigated. Specifically, mycelium growth rate, biomass production, sclerotia formation, and glucosamine and total polysaccharides content of six Morchella species grown on a starch-based media were evaluated. Submerged fermentations in potato dextrose broth resulted in a glucosamine content of around 3.0%. In solid-state fermentations (SSF), using potato dextrose agar, a high linear growth rate (20.6 mm/day) was determined. Increased glucosamine and total polysaccharides content were observed after the formation of sclerotia. Biomass and glucosamine content were correlated, and the equations were used for the indirect estimation of biomass in SSF with agro-industrial starch-based materials. Wheat grains (WG), potato peels (PP), and a mixture of 1:1 of them (WG–PP) were evaluated as substrates. Results showed that the highest growth rate of 9.05 mm/day was determined on WG and the maximum biomass yield (407 mg/g) on WG–PP. The total polysaccharide content reached up to 18.4% of dried biomass in WG–PP. The results of the present study proved encouraging for the efficient bioconversion of potato and other starch-based agro-industrial waste streams to morel biomass and sclerotia eliciting nutritional and bioactive value.
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Avinash, K. S., H. S. Ashwini, H. N. Ramesh Babu, and Y. L. Krishnamurthy. "Antimicrobial Potential of Crude Extract of Curvularia lunata, an Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Cymbopogon caesius." Journal of Mycology 2015 (November 24, 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/185821.
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Cymbopogon caesius grass is an aromatic tall grass species which grows in waste field and along the edges of crop fields in Karnataka. From this grass fungal endophytes were isolated on PDA medium and identified as Curvularia lunata. The fungus was cultured on Potato Dextrose broth for production of fungal metabolites. Ethyl acetate extract of the C. lunata was obtained by liquid-liquid partition of broth of endophyte and evaporation. Dried crude extract was tested for antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion method. The extract showed antimicrobial nature against all the test pathogens. Crude extract of C. lunata is highly active against Staphylococcus aureus with the inhibition percentage of 92 and Candida albicans with 81 percent inhibition.
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Akilandeswari, P., and B. V. Pradeep. "ASPERGILLUS TERREUS KMBF1501 A POTENTIAL PIGMENT PRODUCER UNDER SUBMERGED FERMENTATION." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 4 (2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i4.16176.
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Objective: The present study was aimed to identify the fungal isolate from soil and to understand the different optimized parameters better to facilitate the pigment production that has high yield and stability.Methods: Aspergillus sp. was isolated from Western Ghats soil by the conventional serial dilution technique and assessed as a potential pigment producer. Different broth medium such as potato dextrose broth (PDB), czapek-dox broth (CDB), malt extract broth (MEB), rose bengal broth (RBB), sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB), yeast malt extract broth (YEMB), pH (3-9), temperature (24, 27, 30, 33, 37 and 40 °C), carbon (lactose,glucose,sucrose, maltose, galactose and fructose) and nitrogen source (peptone, yeast extract, urea and inorganic nitrogen sources like potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate), mineral salts such as sodium dihydrogen phosphate (Na2H2Po4), magnesium sulphate (Mg2So4), calcium chloride (CaCl2), copper sulphate (Cu2So4), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2Po4) and manganese sulphate (Mn2So4) and inoculum age (2-7 d) of the medium related to high pigment production were analysed.Results: Aspergillus terreus KMBF1501 was identified by ribosomal DNA sequencing showing 99% similarity with other Aspergillus terreus and the Accession number (KX113516) was assigned. The optimum culture conditions for pigment production by Aspergillus terreus KMBF1501 was achieved at pH 5 (0.563±0.012 nm), temperature of 27 °C (0.382±0.001 nm) with glucose (0.501±0.002 nm) as carbon source, peptone (2.147±0.004 nm) as nitrogen source, Mg2SO4 (0.401±0.001 nm)as mineral salt and 4 d (0.324±0.001 nm) of inoculum age in PDB (0.761±0.006 nm).Conclusion: Aspergillus terreus KMBF1501 produced maximum pigment when cultured in modified PDB than in common PDB medium. The high concentration of the pigment can be used for various industrial purposes.
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Chairat Pattarasiripol, Wuttiwat Jitjak, and Jesper T. N. Knijnenburg. "Biodegradable Sheets from Dried Mycelia of Edible Mushrooms." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 10, no. 1 (2025): jtbb14001. https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.14001.
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Due to its quick growth and biodegradability, mushroom mycelium has been used to create alternative materials. This study aimed to produce mycelium sheets from market-purchased edible mushrooms (Lentinus sp. and Pleurotus sp.). They were isolated and cultured in various liquid media. The production of four mycelium sheets was successful. After drying, the sheets of Pleurotus sp. using potato dextrose broth had the largest water contact angle. With a tensile strength, the sheet of Lentinus sp. using malt extract broth obtained the highest value. The dried mycelium sheet from Pleurotus sp. cultured on yeast extract broth had the greatest hardness value in the microhardness testing. After 7 days, the residual dry weight of the sheets in different conditions—soil burying, soil surface exposure, and water immersion—was less than 50% of the initial weight. This work has demonstrated the biodegradability of mycelium sheets.
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Singh, Rajendra, Vijay Pratap Singh, Ajay Kumar, Joginder Singh, Ankit Kumar, and Ravi Kumar. "Evaluate on substrates for mass production of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo)." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 4, no. 01 (2019): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2019.4.1.14.
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The present investigation entitled “Mass Production of entomopathogenic fungai Beauveria bassiana (Metsch.) on liquid and solid media” was carried out at Bio Control Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut during 2018-19. In all there were eight treatments including control replicated thrice in a randomized block design. The results obtained in the study are summarized. The effect of different substrates for the mass production of Beauveria bassiana spore/ml was significantly higher recorded. Data recorded on 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 after the day after inoculation of various treatments in the, T10 Savoured dextrose broth (SDB), was the best treatment by bringing down the B. Bassiana production up to (49.48) spore/ml in liquid medium during the 2018-19 years. The other treatments in order of spore producing was with T11 Potato dextrose broth (PDB) (38.52), in liquid medium and solid medium in the treatment and T8 Cowpea Vigna unguiculata + Molasses + 1% YE + 1.0 g Dextrose (28.73), followed by with T7 Black gram Vigna mungo + Molasses + 1% YE + 1.0 g Dextrose (27.52 spore/ml, T5 Cowpea Vigna unguiculata + Molasses + 1% YE (17.53 spore/ml), T4 Black gram Vigna mungo + Molasses + 1% YE (14.87 spore/ml), T2 Cowpea Vigna unguiculata + Molasses (10.50 spore/ml), T1 Black gram Vigna mungo + Molasses (8.35 spore/ml), T9 Gram Cicer aeritinum + Molasses + 1% YE + 1.0 g Dextrose (3.92 spore/ml), T6 Gram Cicer aeritinum + Molasses + 1% YE (2.85 spore/ml) and T3 Gram Cicer aeritinum + Molasses respectively.
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Tiwari, Palak, Nathiya R, and Gayathri Mahalingam. "ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM FICUS RELIGIOSA." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 4 (2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i4.14718.
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Objective- The aim was to study in vitro anti diabetic activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Ficus Religiosa.Method- The explants (leaves and stem) were processed on the potato dextrose media nine colonies was found and colony frequency was calculated. All the colonies were transferred onto potato dextrose broth and incubated for 21 days. The crude was extracted using three solvents petroleum ether (0.1), diethyl ether (2.8) and ethyl acetate (4.4). Three assays were performed to determine in vitro anti diabetic activity of crude extract (α-amylase inhibition assay, α-glucosidase inhibition assay and glucose diffusion assay) and the % of inhibition by crude and standard acarbose was calculated with standard error mean.Results- The endophytic fungi shows the highest % of inhibition for α-amylase inhibition assay (91 % ± 0.06), α-glucosidase inhibition assay (42% ± 0.01).Conclusion-The results indicates that the hypoglycemic activity of the endophytic crude extract has been proved, hence further studies are focused on to isolate and purify the bioactive compounds and test for in vivo animal studies to confirm the anti diabetic activity.Keywords: Endophytic fungi, Antidiabetic activity, α-amylase, α-glucosidase.
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Syamsia, S., Abubakar Idhan, Amanda Patappari Firmansyah, and N. Noerfitryani. "Potensi Cendawan Endofit Padi Lokal Sulawesi Selatan Sebagai Penghasil Siderefor." JURNAL GALUNG TROPIKA 9, no. 2 (2020): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31850/jgt.v9i2.659.
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Siderophore is an iron-chelating agent produced by plants and microorganisms under iron deficiency conditions. One of the microorganisms that ability produce siderophore is a fungus. This study aimed to determine the potential of endophytic fungi in creating siderophore. The ability of fungi to produce siderophore, especially Salicylate and Catechol using Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) liquid media and Hathway Reagent. Eight isolates of endophytic fungi from local rice South Sulawesi have tested their ability to produce siderophore. Eight isolates of endophytic fungi before being tested were rejuvenated by growing on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium for seven days. Each isolate was grown on a PDB medium before being tested. The absorbance is measured using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 560 nm with Na. Salicylate 700 nm with 2.3 DHBA as standard. The results showed that the isolates of E4 and E8 had the capability to produce siderophores. The results provide the latest information regarding endophytic fungi' potential from local rice in South Sulawesi as a siderophore producer.
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Yokota, Kenji, Takuma Teraoka, Hirofumi Suzuki, Keiichi Murakami, Eitaro Miwa, and Kyoko Higuchi. "Effect of inorganic ions on bud cell formation by Fusarium oxysporum in potato dextrose broth." Journal of General Plant Pathology 76, no. 5 (2010): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10327-010-0256-z.
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Idris, Herwita, and Nurmansyah Nurmansyah. "EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL BEBERAPA TANAMAN OBAT SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU FUNGISIDA NABATI UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN Colletotrichum gloeosporioides." Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat 26, no. 2 (2016): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bullittro.v26n2.2015.117-124.
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<p class="IsiabstrakIndonesia">Efektivitas ekstrak etanol beberapa tanaman obat sebagai bahan baku fungisida nabati untuk mengendalikan <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em> penyebab penyakit Antracnose pada tanaman buah naga, telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Parasitologi KP Balittro Laing Solok, sejak Agustus sampai Desember 2014. Penelitian menggunakan dua metode (a) Penekanan diameter koloni dengan menggunakan media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), (b) Penekanan biomassa koloni dengan menggunakan media Potato Dextro Broth (PDB). Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial masing-masing empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah ekstrak etanol dari sirih-sirihan, sambiloto dan gambir dengan empat tingkat kosentrasi (0,5; 1; 2 dan 3%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua ekstrak etanol tanaman obat efektif sebagai fungisida nabati untuk mengendalikan jamur <em>C. gloeosporioides</em>. Pada kosentrasi 1% ekstrak sirih-sirihan dan sambiloto 2% mampu menekan pertumbuhan diameter dan biomassa koloni <em>C. gloeosporioides </em>100% lebih efektif dibanding ekstrak gambir dengan penekanan diameter koloni 91,26% dan biomassa koloni 83,74% pada tingkat kosentrasi yang sama.</p>
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Artono, Sri Lintang, Agus Trianto, Nur Taufiq Syamsudin Putra Jaya Taufiq Syamsudin Putra Jaya, et al. "Degradasi Karbohidrat pada Pakan Udang oleh Isolat Kapang Endofit Mangrove." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 26, no. 1 (2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v26i1.17292.
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Feed quality is a very important factor in shrimp farming because it will affect shrimp growth, water quality and even the emergence of pathogenic bacteria. High quality feed can be well digested by shrimp so that it can improve the growth and do not leave plenty of residue. Mold is capable of producing cellulase which can be used to improve feed quality by shortening carbohydrate chains. This paper will discuss the application of endophytic molds to simplify cellulose in shrimp feed. Mold isolates were collected from mangrove ecosystems in North Sulawesi. The media used for culturing mold are potato dextrose agar (PDA) and potato dextrose broth (PDB). Fermentation test was conducted using the fungal isolates; Hypocreales sp. and Diaporthe stewartii and consortia and controls. Fermentation results were checked by TLC and Fehling's test to determine the composition of the compounds and the presence of reducing sugar either mono or di-saccharide. Fermented shrimp feed shows differences in texture and color. Fermented feed extract with Hypocreales sp. 2.69 g (3.36%), Diaporthe stewartii 4.9 g (6.13%), and consortium 3.75 g (4.69%). TLC results neither under UV light nor visualization of vanillin sulfate did not show any differences of compounds in the control and the fermented feed. The results of the Fehling test showed that the mold was able to degrade cellulose that can be utilized to increase the shirmp feed quality. Kualitas pakan merupakan faktor yang sangat berpengaruh dalam budidaya udang karena akan mempengaruhi pertyumbuhan udang, kualitas air bahkan timbulnya bakteri pathogen. Pakan yang baik mudah dicerna oleh udang sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan secara maksimal dan tidak terlalu banyak meninggalkan residu. Kapang mampu memproduksi selulase yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pakan dengan memperpendek rantai karbohidrat. Tulisan ini akan membahas aplikasi kapang endofit untuk menyederhanakan selulosa pada pakan udang. Isolat kapang dikoleksi dari ekosistem mangrove di Sulaweri Utara. Media yang digunakan untuk mengkultur kapang adalah potato dextrose agar (PDA) dan potato dextrose broth (PDB). Uji fermentasi dengan kapang Hypocreales sp. dan Diaporthe stewartii dan konsorsium serta kontrol. Hasil fermentasi dicek dengan TLC dan uji Fehling untuk mengetahui komposisi senyawa dan keberadaan mono-karbohidrat. Pakan udang yang difermentasi menunjukkan perbedaan tekstur dan warna. Ekstrak pakan fermentasi dengan Hypocreales sp. sebesar 2,69 g (3,36%), Diaporthe stewartii sebesar 4,9 g (6,13%), dan konsorsium sebesar 3,75 g (4,69%). Hasil TLC dan visualisasi vanillin sulfat tidak menunjukkan perbedaan jenis senyawa pada pakan kontrol dan pakan terfermentasi. Hasil uji Fehling menunjukkan bahwa kapang mampu mendegradasi selulosa yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pakan udang.
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Hilda, Nurhidayah Makmur. "Isolasi Fungi Endofit dari Ranting Maja (Aegle marmelos L.) Sebagai Penghasil Antibakteri Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus." Jurnal Novem Medika Farmasi 2, no. 2 (2023): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.59638/junomefar.v2i2.819.
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Penelitian tentang Isolasi Fungi Endofit dari Ranting Maja(Aegle marmelos L.) sebagai Penghasil Antibakteri terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan fungi endofit dari ranting Maja yang dapat menghasilkan senyawa antibakteri. Tahap pertama isolasi fungi dengan metode direct seed planting pada medium Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Hasil isolasi fungi endofit diperoleh 3 isolat yang diberi kode IFRM 1, IFRM 2 dan IFRM 3. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji antagonis isolat fungi endofit terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus, dari uji antagonis ketiga isolat tidak menunjukkan adanya daya hambat terhadap bakteri uji. Produksi metabolit sekunder dilakukan dengan fermentasi pada medium Potato Dextrosa Broth (PDB) dan ekstrak yeast. Isolat fungi endofit yang difermentasi didasarkan pada laju pertumbuhan fungi endofit. Proses fermentasi dilakukan selama 14 hari dengan kondisi teragitasi 150 rpm pada suhu kamar. Hasil fermentasi disonikasi kemudian di ekstraksi dengan etil asetat (1:1 v/v). Ekstrak etil asetat yang diperoleh diuji aktivitasnya pada Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus dengan konsentrasi 2,5%, 5%, dan 10%. Aktivitas antibakteri ditunjukkan pada konsentrasi 5% dan 10% dengan diameter hambat 6,47 mm, 7,19 mm dan 6,47 mm, 7,70 mm.
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Letsiou, Sophia, Artemis Bakea, Géraldine Le Goff, et al. "Marine Fungus Aspergillus chevalieri TM2-S6 Extract Protects Skin Fibroblasts from Oxidative Stress." Marine Drugs 18, no. 9 (2020): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18090460.
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The strain Aspergillus chevalieri TM2-S6 was isolated from the sponge Axinella and identified according to internal transcribed spacer (ITS) molecular sequence homology with Aspergillus species from the section Restricti. The strain was cultivated 9 days on potato dextrose broth (PDB), and the medium evaluated as antioxidant on primary normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). The cultivation broth was submitted to sterile filtration, lyophilized and used without any further processing to give the Aspergillus chevalieri TM2-S6 cultivation broth ingredient named ACBB. ACCB contains two main compounds: tetrahydroauroglaucin and flavoglaucin. Under oxidative stress, ACCB showed a significant promotion of cell viability. To elucidate the mechanism of action, the impact on a panel of hundreds of genes involved in fibroblast physiology was evaluated. Thus, ACCB stimulates cell proliferation (VEGFA, TGFB3), antioxidant response (GPX1, SOD1, NRF2), and extracellular matrix organization (COL1A1, COL3A1, CD44, MMP14). ACCD also reduced aging (SIRT1, SIRT2, FOXO3). These findings indicate that Aspergillus chevalieri TM2-S6 cultivation broth exhibits significant in vitro skin protection of human fibroblasts under oxidative stress, making it a potential cosmetic ingredient.
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Sztejnberg, Abraham, Sergio Galper, and Norberto Lisker. "Conditions for pycnidial production and spore formation by Ampelomyces quisqualis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 3 (1990): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m90-033.
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On Czapek agar medium, the optimum temperature for spore germination and pycnidia formation by Ampelomyces quisqualis was 20 and 25 °C, respectively. Inoculation of Czapek agar medium with a spore concentration of 106 or 107/mL significantly increased pycnidia formation as compared with medium inoculated with 104 or 105 spores/mL. In shaken cultures, spore formation in potato dextrose broth (PDB) was higher than in the broth of bran extract and glycerol, aspargine, Czapek, Joham, and synthetic Mucor media. On PDB, pycnidia were formed in hard black aggregates. Spore production in fermentors was similar to that in shaken cultures. The omission of glucose from PDB caused a great increase in the number of spores formed. Also, PDB prepared with the broth of 100 g (instead of the usual 200 g) peeled potatoes/L was effective in spore formation and maintained spore infectivity as high as in controls. It seems that the broth of boiled potatoes is a simple, efficient, and nonexpensive medium for mass production of infective A. quisqualis spores. Key words: Ampelomyces quisqualis, pycnidial production, spore formation, biological control, powdery mildew.