Journal articles: 'Potato famine'

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Rudin, Ronald, and James S. Donnelly,. "The Great Irish Potato Famine." Canadian Journal of Irish Studies 26/27 (2000): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25515356.

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Murphy, Maureen, and James S. Donnelly,. "The Great Irish Potato Famine." Béaloideas 69 (2001): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20520779.

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Portman, Penelope A. "Cause a Couch Potato Famine." Strategies 8, no. 3 (November 1994): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08924562.1994.10592022.

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Castelle, George. "The Newfoundland Potato Famine, 1846–48." Newfoundland and Labrador Studies 34, no. 2 (October 28, 2020): 297–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1072654ar.

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Abbot, NC. "Homoeopathy in the Irish potato famine." Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies 2, no. 2 (June 14, 2010): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7166.1997.tb00622.x.

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Kutschera, U. "Fungus did not cause potato famine." Nature 494, no. 7437 (February 2013): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/494314e.

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Biletz, Frank A. "The Great Irish Potato Famine (review)." New Hibernia Review 5, no. 3 (2001): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nhr.2001.0041.

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Fry, William E., and Stephen B. Goodwin. "Resurgence of the Irish Potato Famine Fungus." BioScience 47, no. 6 (June 1997): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1313151.

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LIDWELL-DURNIN, JOHN. "Cultivating famine: data, experimentation and food security, 1795–1848." British Journal for the History of Science 53, no. 2 (June 2020): 159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087420000199.

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AbstractCollecting seeds and specimens was an integral aspect of botany and natural history in the eighteenth century. Historians have until recently paid less attention to the importance of collecting, trading and compiling knowledge of their cultivation, but knowing how to grow and maintain plants free from disease was crucial to agricultural and botanical projects. This is particularly true in the case of food security. At the close of the eighteenth century, European diets (particularly among the poor) began shifting from wheat- to potato-dependence. In Britain and Ireland during these decades, extensive crop damage was caused by diseases like ‘curl’ and ‘dry rot’ – leading many agriculturists and journal editors to begin collecting data on potato cultivation in order to answer practical questions about the causes of disease and methods that might mitigate or even eliminate their appearance. Citizens not only produced the bulk of these data, but also used agricultural print culture and participation in surveys to shape and direct the interpretation of these data. This article explores this forgotten scientific ambition to harness agricultural citizen science in order to bring stability and renewed vitality to the potato plant and its cultivation. I argue that while many agriculturists did recognize that reliance upon the potato brought with it unique threats to the food supplies of Britain and Ireland, their views on this threat were wholly determined by the belief that the diseases attacking potato plants in Europe had largely been produced or encouraged by erroneous cultivation methods.

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Kinealy, Christine. "The Great Irish Potato Famine, and: Famine, Land and Culture in Ireland (review)." Victorian Studies 44, no. 3 (2002): 527–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vic.2002.0059.

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Gray, Peter. "Was the Great Irish Famine a Colonial Famine?" East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 8, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/ewjus643.

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This article reviews the historical debate on the colonial causation and dimensions of the Great Irish Famine of 1845-50. It does so by briefly reviewing the evolution of the colonial relationship between Great Britain and Ireland before focusing on a number of specific fields of debate relating to the coloniality of the Irish famine. These include the economic structures and dynamics developing over the century before 1845 and the vulnerability of Irish society, the vector of the potato blight and its impact on food availability, and, most extensively, the motivations for and characteristics of British state response to the catastrophe. The variant interpretations of these factors in the nationalist, revisionist, post-revisionist, and post-colonial historiography are reviewed. The author concludes by drawing on his own primary research to suggest that, while shaped by colonial stereotypes and a preoccupation with social engineering, the British state and public response to the Irish crisis was varied and not intentionally genocidal, although ultimately subordinating humanitarianism to perceived British national interest. Critical British contemporaries drew negative parallels between the neglect of Ireland and the prioritization of imperial expansion overseas, while Irish nationalists concluded that the mortality of the famine demonstrated the bankruptcy of the British-Irish Union of 1800.

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BİLMEZ ÖZÇINAR, Aynur. "PROGRESSES ON THE NATURE AND BIOTIC STRESS OF POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.)." Euroasia Journal of Mathematics, Engineering, Natural & Medical Sciences 8, no. 18 (November 25, 2021): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.38065/euroasiaorg.756.

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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third largest crop in terms of consumption by human, most important tuber crop in the world and a vital plant for global food security. Instead, potato breeding is slow compared to other crops. Transforming potato into a diploid F1 hybrid crop is a hopeful method to increase potato genetic gain. Studies on breeding and genetics of potato has big potential to solve many problems exist in potato. Another potential area for these studies are diseases which are seriously targeting this crop worlwide started from Irish potato famine which effected whole Europe continent. Here in this review, some of latest significant problems and approaches related to potato production are given below.

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Geber, Jonny, Monica Tromp, Ashley Scott, Abigail Bouwman, Paolo Nanni, Jonas Grossmann, Jessica Hendy, and Christina Warinner. "Relief food subsistence revealed by microparticle and proteomic analyses of dental calculus from victims of the Great Irish Famine." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 39 (September 9, 2019): 19380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908839116.

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Food and diet were class markers in 19th-century Ireland, which became evident as nearly 1 million people, primarily the poor and destitute, died as a consequence of the notorious Great Famine of 1845 to 1852. Famine took hold after a blight (Phytophthora infestans) destroyed virtually the only means of subsistence—the potato crop—for a significant proportion of the population. This study seeks to elucidate the variability of diet in mid–19th-century Ireland through microparticle and proteomic analysis of human dental calculus samples (n = 42) from victims of the famine. The samples derive from remains of people who died between August 1847 and March 1851 while receiving poor relief as inmates in the union workhouse in the city of Kilkenny (52°39′ N, −7°15′ W). The results corroborate the historical accounts of food provisions before and during the famine, with evidence of corn (maize), potato, and cereal starch granules from the microparticle analysis and milk protein from the proteomic analysis. Unexpectedly, there is also evidence of egg protein—a food source generally reserved only for export and the better-off social classes—which highlights the variability of the prefamine experience for those who died. Through historical contextualization, this study shows how the notoriously monotonous potato diet of the poor was opportunistically supplemented by other foodstuffs. While the Great Irish Famine was one of the worst subsistence crises in history, it was foremost a social disaster induced by the lack of access to food and not the lack of food availability.

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Maqbool, Abbas, Richard Richard, Tolga Bozkurt, Yasin Dagdas, Khaoula Belhai, Sophien Kamoun, and Mark Banfield. "Perturbation of host autophagy by the Irish potato famine pathogen." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314091736.

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Autophagy is a catabolic process involving degradation of dysfunctional cytoplasmic components to ensure cellular survival under starvation conditions. The process involves formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes and delivery of the inner constituents to lytic compartments. It can also target invading pathogens, such as intracellular bacteria, for destruction and is thus implicated in innate immune pathways [1]. In response, certain mammalian pathogens deliver effector proteins into host cells that inhibit autophagy and contribute to enabling parasitic infection [2]. Pyhtophthora infestans, the Irish potato famine pathogen, is a causative agent of late blight disease in potato and tomato crops. It delivers a plethora of modular effector proteins into plant cells to promote infection. Once inside the cell, RXLR-type effector proteins engage with host cell proteins, to manipulate host cell physiology for the benefit of the pathogen. As plants lack an adaptive immune system, this provides a robust mechanism for pathogens to circumvent host defense. PexRD54 is an intracellular RXLR-type effector protein produced by P. infestans. PexRD54 interacts with potato homologues of autophagy protein ATG8 in plant cells. We have been investigating the structural and biochemical basis of the PexRD54/ATG8 interaction in vitro. We have purified PexRD54 and ATG8 independently and in complex from E. coli. Using protein/protein interaction studies we have shown that PexRD54 binds ATG8 with sub-micromolar affinity. We have also determined the structure of PexRD54 in the presence of ATG8. This crystal structure provides key insights into how the previously reported WY-fold of oomycete RXLR-type effectors [3] can be organized in multiple repeats. The structural data also provides insights into the interaction between PexRD54 and ATG8, suggesting further experiments to understand the impact of this interaction on host cell physiology and how this benefits the pathogen.

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Majeed, A., S. Siyar, and S. Sami. "Late blight of potato: From the great Irish potato famine to the genomic era – An overview." Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2022-0001.

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Summary Late blight of potato and tomato, one of the most widely reported diseases of plants, is a significant curb in global agriculture which poses severe problems in terms of yield and economic losses, and environmental pollution due to pesticides use. The disease is caused by Phytophthora infestans -an oomycete - which first drew the considerable attention of plant pathologists during the mid-1840s when the pathogen incited historic starvation in Ireland – the great Irish potato famine - as a consequence of substantial potato losses due to late blight disease. Since that period, late blight has triggered several epidemics of potato and tomato of profound intensity in different regions. Over the course, synthetic fungicides have been proved effective management practice for late blight control; nonetheless, the evolution of new genotypes with increased virulence to hosts and resistance to fungicides has been greatly regarded as an agricultural problem. Breakthroughs in genome sequencing of P. infestans and identification of resistance genes in some plants have opened ways for the development of resistant genotypes. However, there still exist numerous challenges to deal with this noxious pathogen. This review aims to highlight the historical significance of late blight disease, its chemical control strategies and associated challenges, and resistance breeding programs by employing genetic approaches.

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Schiermeier, Quirin. "Russia needs help to fend off potato famine, researchers warn." Nature 410, no. 6832 (April 2001): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35074247.

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Sevostyanova, E. P., M. A. Sevostyanov, and A. P. Glinushkin. "Types of biologically active substances, methods of their application as factors of increasing resistance of varieties of various potatoes in an effort to realize greater productivity when exposed to pathogenic organisms." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 901, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/901/1/012070.

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Abstract All countries in the world strive not to repeat the potato famine of Ireland. Potatoes infect more than 100 pathogens, one of the most serious is late blight. In the world, the average loss of potato yield from late blight is 10-15% per year. This article briefly discusses various safe, effective and environmentally friendly methods of preventing and controlling late blight of potatoes.

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Runge, Carlisle Ford. "Famine and Free Trade in the Covid Age: Lessons from the Great Irish Famine." Journal of World Trade 56, Issue 3 (May 1, 2022): 453–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2022018.

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Governments over two centuries have repeatedly confronted whether freer trade helps or hinders the problem of widespread food shortages. This issue is of utmost concern in the current pandemic and the accompanying reaction of food markets to COVID-19, in which food insecurity is now a central challenge. This article will consider the historical record of the Great Famine in Ireland and its economic, agronomic, and political lessons for food and trade policy. These lessons include the likelihood of supply chain disruptions and panic buying as well as export restrictions, food purchases from abroad and the complexities of political and military strife. It finds that allowing market forces to cause freer flows of commodities is important if not sufficient to deal with the crises that pandemics cause. Resolute political intervention is also critical: the historical record reinforces the role of political leadership in this process. Corn Laws, Tariffs, COVID-19, Potato Blight, Great Irish Famine, Robert Peel

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Bentley, J. W. "World History of the Potato." Revista Latinoamericana de la Papa 19, no. 2 (May 24, 2016): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37066/ralap.v19i2.235.

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Potatoes were first domesticated, along with the sweet potato and other Andean crops, perhaps as early as 7000 BP, although native South Americans had been eating wild potatoes for at least four thousand years before that. The cause of domestication is imperfectly understood, but it was probably some sort of environmental adaptation and not simply the result of invention. After the Spanish conquest, it took centuries (from the early 1500s to the 1800s) for Europeans to fully adopt the potato. The Irish Potato Famine (1845 to 1859) was caused by careless government, as much as by late blight. The French fry was invented in Belgium or Holland before 1680, and the frozen, pre-fabricated, fry was created in the late 1940s.

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Goldstrom, J. M., and Austin Bourke. "'The Visitation of God?' The Potato and the Great Irish Famine." Economic History Review 47, no. 2 (May 1994): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2598107.

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Ristaino, Jean B., Carol T. Groves, and Gregory R. Parra. "PCR amplification of the Irish potato famine pathogen from historic specimens." Nature 411, no. 6838 (June 2001): 695–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35079606.

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Dong, S., R. Stam, L. M. Cano, J. Song, J. Sklenar, K. Yoshida, T. O. Bozkurt, et al. "Effector Specialization in a Lineage of the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen." Science 343, no. 6170 (January 30, 2014): 552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1246300.

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Cantwell, John Davis. "A Great-Grandfather's Account of the Irish Potato Famine (1845–1850)." Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings 30, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 382–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2017.11929657.

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Ristaino, Jean Beagle. "Tracking historic migrations of the Irish potato famine pathogen, Phytophthora infestans." Microbes and Infection 4, no. 13 (November 2002): 1369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1286-4579(02)00010-2.

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Nusteling, Hubert P. H. "How Many Irish Potato Famine Deaths?: Toward Coherence of the Evidence." Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 42, no. 2 (April 2009): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/hmts.42.2.57-80.

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Waldron, Fionnuala. "Review: The Great Irish Famine Curriculum Ticket to Life: The Story of the Irish Potato Famine and Emigration." Irish Economic and Social History 30, no. 1 (June 2003): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/033248930303000139.

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Shailbala, Shailbala, and Amarendra Kumar. "Eco-friendly management of late blight of potato– A review." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 821–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1282.

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Late blight of potato caused by fungus Phytophthora infestans responsible for Irish famine in the year 1845, is one of the most dramatic episode caused by plant pathogen in human history. One million people died due to famine in Ireland. So eco-friendly management of potato late blight disease is a necessary goal to be accomplished.During last many years, management strategies solely relied upon the application of fungicides due to rapid development of late blight epidemics. However, indiscriminate use of fungicide posesses a serious threat to the environment and human health. It is also responsible for built up of resistance in the pathogen and have adverse effect on beneficial organisms such as nitrogen fixers, resident antagonism and mycorrhizal fungi. So to minimize the fungicide use, eco-friendly means for late blight management are required on a priority basis. In recent years, significant changes in isolates of late blight fungus have been recorded including changes in aggressiveness to the crop also. Since, late blight is a community disease so, effective eco-friendly management must be adopted by the all producers, farmers, gardeners and growers with the help of government agencies, extension specialist and crop consultants etc. The strategy to control late blight is the prevention of establishment of Phytophthorainfestans in potato crop. In this context, disease management by cultural practices is the first line of defense while forecasting system, physiological strategies, biological control, host plant resistance and bio-technological approach are essential for efficient, effective and eco-friendly management of late blight of potato.

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Haas, Brian J., Sophien Kamoun, Michael C. Zody, Rays H. Y. Jiang, Robert E. Handsaker, Liliana M. Cano, Manfred Grabherr, et al. "Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans." Nature 461, no. 7262 (September 2009): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08358.

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Raffaele, Sylvain, Rhys A. Farrer, Liliana M. Cano, David J. Studholme, Daniel MacLean, Marco Thines, Rays H. Y. Jiang, et al. "Genome Evolution Following Host Jumps in the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen Lineage." Science 330, no. 6010 (December 9, 2010): 1540–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1193070.

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Many plant pathogens, including those in the lineage of the Irish potato famine organism Phytophthora infestans, evolve by host jumps followed by specialization. However, how host jumps affect genome evolution remains largely unknown. To determine the patterns of sequence variation in the P. infestans lineage, we resequenced six genomes of four sister species. This revealed uneven evolutionary rates across genomes with genes in repeat-rich regions showing higher rates of structural polymorphisms and positive selection. These loci are enriched in genes induced in planta, implicating host adaptation in genome evolution. Unexpectedly, genes involved in epigenetic processes formed another class of rapidly evolving residents of the gene-sparse regions. These results demonstrate that dynamic repeat-rich genome compartments underpin accelerated gene evolution following host jumps in this pathogen lineage.

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Caspermeyer, Joseph. "The South American Origins and Spread of the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen." Molecular Biology and Evolution 33, no. 3 (December 29, 2015): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msv278.

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Daly, Mary E. "Review: ‘the Visitation of God’? The Potato and the Great Irish Famine." Irish Economic and Social History 20, no. 1 (June 1993): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/033248939302000120.

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Hickey, M. Gail, and Margit Codispoti. "NCSS Notable Trade Book Lesson Plan Maggie’s Door by Patricia Reilly Giff." Social Studies Research and Practice 3, no. 2 (July 1, 2008): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssrp-02-2008-b0012.

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This lesson plan can be used with upper-level elementary students to discuss the Irish potato famine and immigration to America by displaced peoples. It uses a trade book entitled Maggie’s Door to foster students’ consideration of people, places, and environments as well as individual development and identity through a cultural lens.

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Yuen, Jonathan. "Pathogens which threaten food security: Phytophthora infestans, the potato late blight pathogen." Food Security 13, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-021-01141-3.

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AbstractPotato late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is a critical disease of potato and other solanaceous crops, such as tomato. The history of late blight is, in some ways, the history of modern plant pathology. It received much attention in the mid 1800’s by causing the Irish potato famine, and the pathogen played a prominent role in the development of the concept of plant disease and plant pathogens. The pathosystem has also been important in the development of pesticides that are active against plant pathogens, and has also been a model system in understanding concepts ranging from cellular processes, such as how resistance to plant pathogens functions, to large scale processes, such as implementation of regional plant disease warning systems. P.infestans has a secured a place in modern potato production, both in developed and less-developed countries.

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Tiwari, Injila, Kabita Kumari Shah, Subina Tripathi, Bindu Modi, Sudeep Subedi, and Jiban Shrestha. "Late blight of potato and its management through the application of different fungicides and organic amendments: a review." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v4i1.33374.

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Late the blight of potato is a devastating and one of the economic diseases of potato and other plants belonging to family Solanaceae. Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most threatening pathogenic diseases which not only results in direct crop losses but also cause farmers to embrace huge monetary expenses for disease control and preventive measure. It was first reported during the Irish Potato Famine, leading to massive starvation in Ireland and other parts of Europe during the middle of 19th century. Phytopthora harms the foliar portion in the field and also the tuber in the storage that can result in complete crop failure in potato. The pathogen has distinct survival mechanisms and two life cycles infection processes. The development of a sexual spore known as oospore includes two types of pairs, A1 and A2. The spores are introduced to good plants by wind and rain. Different methods for prevention of crops from late blight has been developed and used worldwide. An integrated disease management strategy includes successful control of this disease. Cultural control, chemical management, and advanced disease management are the most effective interventions. Integration of late blight control in tropical regions with abundant fungal inoculants in most months of the year was also seen as one of the best choices in disease management. This paper reviews the significance of late blight of potato and controlling strategies adopted for minimizing yield losses incurred by this disease by the application of synthetic fungicides and different organic amendments.

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Wu, E‐Jiao, Yan‐Ping Wang, Lurwanu Yahuza, Meng‐Han He, Dan‐Li Sun, Yan‐Mei Huang, Yu‐Chan Liu, Li‐Na Yang, Wen Zhu, and Jiasui Zhan. "Rapid adaptation of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans to changing temperature." Evolutionary Applications 13, no. 4 (April 2020): 768–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12899.

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Goodwin, S. B., B. A. Cohen, and W. E. Fry. "Panglobal distribution of a single clonal lineage of the Irish potato famine fungus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 91, no. 24 (November 22, 1994): 11591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.24.11591.

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Willmann, Matthew R. "Studying the historic migrations of the Irish potato famine pathogen using ancient DNA." Trends in Plant Science 6, no. 10 (October 2001): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(01)02147-1.

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Bhattacharjee, Souvik, N. Luisa Hiller, Konstantinos Liolios, Joe Win, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti, Carolyn Young, Sophien Kamoun, and Kasturi Haldar. "The Malarial Host-Targeting Signal Is Conserved in the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen." PLoS Pathogens 2, no. 5 (May 26, 2006): e50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0020050.

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Cooke, David E. L., Liliana M. Cano, Sylvain Raffaele, Ruairidh A. Bain, Louise R. Cooke, Graham J. Etherington, Kenneth L. Deahl, et al. "Genome Analyses of an Aggressive and Invasive Lineage of the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen." PLoS Pathogens 8, no. 10 (October 4, 2012): e1002940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002940.

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Yang, Li-Na, Wen Zhu, E.-Jiao Wu, Ce Yang, Peter H. Thrall, Jeremy J. Burdon, Li-Ping Jin, Li-Ping Shang, and Jiasui Zhan. "Trade-offs and evolution of thermal adaptation in the Irish potato famine pathogenPhytophthora infestans." Molecular Ecology 25, no. 16 (July 29, 2016): 4047–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13727.

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Avila-Adame, Cruz, Luis Gómez-Alpizar, Victoria Zismann, Kristine M. Jones, C. Robin Buell, and Jean Beagle Ristaino. "Mitochondrial genome sequences and molecular evolution of the Irish potato famine pathogen, Phytophthora infestans." Current Genetics 49, no. 1 (November 23, 2005): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00294-005-0016-3.

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Zhang, Shumin, Meiquan Zhang, A. Rehman Khalid, Linxuan Li, Yang Chen, Pan Dong, Hanyan Wang, and Maozhi Ren. "Ethylicin Prevents Potato Late Blight by Disrupting Protein Biosynthesis of Phytophthora infestans." Pathogens 9, no. 4 (April 19, 2020): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9040299.

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Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of potato late blight, triggered the devastating Great Irish Famine that lasted from 1845 to 1852. Today, it is still the greatest threat to the potato yield. Ethylicin is a broad-spectrum biomimetic-fungicide. However, its application in the control of Phytophthora infestans is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of ethylicin on Phytophthora infestans. We found that ethylicin inhibited the mycelial growth, sporulation capacity, spore germination and virulence of Phytophthora infestans. Furthermore, the integrated analysis of proteomics and metabolomics indicates that ethylicin may inhibit peptide or protein biosynthesis by suppressing both the ribosomal function and amino acid metabolism, causing an inhibitory effect on Phytophthora infestans. These observations indicate that ethylicin may be an anti-oomycete agent that can be used to control Phytophthora infestans.

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Tian, Yuee, Junliang Yin, Jieping Sun, Hongmei Ma, Yunfang Ma, Junli Quan, and Weixing Shan. "Population Structure of the Late Blight Pathogen Phytophthora infestans in a Potato Germplasm Nursery in Two Consecutive Years." Phytopathology® 105, no. 6 (June 2015): 771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-03-14-0073-r.

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As the causal agent of late blight on potato, Phytophthora infestans is one of the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide and widely known as the Irish potato famine pathogen. Understanding the genetic structure of P. infestans populations is important both for breeding and deployment of resistant varieties and for development of disease control strategies. Here, we investigate the population genetic structure of P. infestans in a potato germplasm nursery in northwestern China. In total, 279 isolates were recovered from 63 potato varieties or lines in 2010 and 2011, and were genotyped by mitochondrial DNA haplotypes and a set of nine simple-sequence repeat markers. Selected isolates were further examined for virulence on a set of differential lines containing each resistance (R) gene (R1 to R11). The overall P. infestans population was characterized as having a low level of genetic diversity and resistance to metalaxyl, and containing a high percentage of individuals that virulent to all 11 R genes. Both A1 and A2 mating types as well as self-fertile P. infestans isolates were present but there was no evidence of sexual reproduction. The low level of genetic differentiation in P. infestans populations is probably due to the action of relatively high levels of migration as supported by analysis of molecular variance (P < 0.01). Migration and asexual reproduction were the predominant mechanisms influencing the P. infestans population structure in the germplasm nursery. Therefore, it is important to ensure the production of pathogen-free potato seed tubers to aid sustainable production of potato in northwestern China.

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Funnell, Warwick. "ACCOUNTING FOR JUSTICE: ENTITLEMENT, WANT AND THE IRISH FAMINE OF 1845–7." Accounting Historians Journal 28, no. 2 (December 1, 2001): 187–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.28.2.187.

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The evolution of modern accounting consists essentially of a series of pragmatic responses to the needs of capital. Accounting is implicated, therefore, in the maintenance and creation of societies in which relations are primarily defined in terms of property, however it is distributed, and justice is determined by the sanctity of property rights. Accounting historians are encouraged to broaden the compass of their research to include the association between accounting and justice which is already well recognised in the critical accounting literature. Theories of justice, especially those of 19th century political theorists such as Bentham and Senior, and more recently that of Nozick, are used to explore the close association between property, accounting and justice at the time of the Irish potato famine of 1845–7.

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Cullen, Karen. "For the good of the empire, or the relief of the poor? Motivations for British Government Provision of Famine Relief in Scotland, 1783–4." Northern Scotland 10, no. 2 (November 2019): 132–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nor.2019.0184.

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The failure of the grain and potato harvests across much of Britain in 1782 led to the enactment of traditional famine-relief measures across the country to secure sufficient food supply for the population. It has been well established by historians that the British government also allocated £10,000 worth of grain to the north of Scotland to provide additional support. What has been less thoroughly investigated is why. This article examines the motivations behind the government's break with traditional famine-relief policies by exploring the nature and impact of the crisis in the north of Scotland in greater detail. By comparing government intervention in major Scottish subsistence crises both before and after 1782–4, the government's actions in 1783 can be seen as marking a significant change in attitude towards the most vulnerable sections of the population during subsistence crises, and the inhabitants of the north of Scotland in particular. Consequently, a new policy of state-sponsored famine relief was established that shaped government response to subsequent Highland subsistence crises until the 1840s.

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Kroon, Laurens P. N. M., Henk Brouwer, Arthur W. A. M. de Cock, and Francine Govers. "The Genus Phytophthora Anno 2012." Phytopathology® 102, no. 4 (April 2012): 348–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-01-11-0025.

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Plant diseases caused by Phytophthora species will remain an ever increasing threat to agriculture and natural ecosystems. Phytophthora literally means plant destroyer, a name coined in the 19th century by Anton de Bary when he investigated the potato disease that set the stage for the Great Irish Famine. Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of potato late blight, was the first species in a genus that at present has over 100 recognized members. In the last decade, the number of recognized Phytophthora species has nearly doubled and new species are added almost on a monthly basis. Here we present an overview of the 10 clades that are currently distinguished within the genus Phytophthora with special emphasis on new species that have been described since 1996 when Erwin and Ribeiro published the valuable monograph ‘Phytophthora diseases worldwide’ (35).

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Majeed, Abdul, Zahir Muhammad, Zabeeh Ullah, Rafi Ullah, and Habib Ahmad. "Late Blight of Potato (Phytophthora infestans) I: Fungicides Application and Associated Challenges." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 3 (March 27, 2017): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i3.261-266.1038.

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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has been remained an important agricultural crop in resolving global food issues through decades. The crop has experienced enormous growth in terms of production throughout the world in recent decades because of improvement in agricultural mechanization, fertilizers application and irrigation practices. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of this valuable crop is still vulnerable to losses due to prevalence of different viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodes infestations. Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is one of the most threatening pathogenic diseases which not only results in direct crop losses but also cause farmers to embrace huge monetary expenses for disease control and preventive measures. The disease is well known for notorious ‘Irish Famine’ which resulted in drop of Irish population by more than 20% as result of hunger and potato starvation. Globally, annual losses of crop and money spend on fungicides for late blight control exceeds one trillion US dollars. This paper reviews the significance of late blight of potato and controlling strategies adopted for minimizing yield losses incurred by this disease by the use of synthetic fungicides. Advantages and disadvantages of fungicides application are discussed.

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van Damme, Mireille, Tolga O. Bozkurt, Cahid Cakir, Sebastian Schornack, Jan Sklenar, Alexandra M. E. Jones, and Sophien Kamoun. "The Irish Potato Famine Pathogen Phytophthora infestans Translocates the CRN8 Kinase into Host Plant Cells." PLoS Pathogens 8, no. 8 (August 23, 2012): e1002875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002875.

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Goss, E. M., J. F. Tabima, D. E. L. Cooke, S. Restrepo, W. E. Fry, G. A. Forbes, V. J. Fieland, M. Cardenas, and N. J. Grunwald. "The Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans originated in central Mexico rather than the Andes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 24 (June 2, 2014): 8791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1401884111.

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Southgate, Christopher. "Singing and dancing in the cruellest month: A reflection on theology and poetry in a time of COVID." Theology in Scotland 28, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/tis.v28i1.2184.

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This article explores what contribution poetry and the arts can make to the human experience in a time of pandemic. It argues that artistic productions can ‘enlarge the heart’ such that sorrow and anxiety are not removed or defeated but are, as in the biblical text, ‘woven […] into a larger imaginative story.’ This argument is made through close examination of three poems: T. S. Eliot’s “The Waste Land”, written in 1922 during the Spanish flu epidemic; “Quarantine” by Eavan Boland, set during the Irish Potato Famine of the 1840s; and Malcolm Guite’s “Easter 2020”.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Potato famine'

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