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Journal articles on the topic 'Potato flea beetle'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Pernal, S. F., D. G. Senanayake, and N. J. Holliday. "PATTERNS OF FEEDING INJURY TO POTATO BY THE POTATO FLEA BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN MANITOBA." Canadian Entomologist 128, no. 5 (1996): 791–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent128791-5.

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AbstractThe amount and distribution of foliar feeding injury by adult potato flea beetles, Epitrix cucumeris (Harris), were examined on individually caged potato plants grown in field plots in Manitoba. Plants were either maintained as uninfested controls, or were exposed throughout the growing season to different insect densities that mimicked the natural seasonal pattern of infestation. In 1984, a trial was conducted using cv. ‘Norland’ exposed to four different densities of potato flea beetles. In 1989 and 1990, cv. ‘Russet Burbank’ was exposed to potato flea beetles, and in some treatments, plants were exposed to early summer infestations of Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). In each trial, during the late summer period of high potato flea beetle density, the amount and distribution of flea beetle feeding injury were assessed at weekly intervals. Counts of feeding punctures in single leaflets were made from leaves in the upper, middle, and lower third of each caged plant, and these data were subjected to repeated measures analysis of variance. In each of the 3 years, increasing the number of flea beetles increased the mean number of feeding punctures per leaflet in an approximately linear fashion; however, the number of punctures per beetle varied between cultivars and years. In 1984 and 1990, the number of feeding punctures per leaflet was least in the upper third of the plants, and greater in the lower, or middle and lower, third of plants. However, in 1989, the vertical distribution of feeding punctures was relatively even. Previous feeding by Colorado potato beetles increased the mean number of flea beetle feeding punctures per leaflet and changed the vertical distribution of feeding punctures. Rainfall and temperature were correlated with patterns of flea beetle injury; injury was concentrated on lower leaflets during weeks of greater rainfall, and upper leaflets were injured most during weeks with higher average temperatures. It is concluded that flea beetles exhibit preferences for feeding in specific portions of potato plants, and that these preferences change in response to previous defoliation and are influenced by meteorological conditions. Consequently, counting feeding punctures would not be a reliable method of assessing whether control measures for potato flea beetles are justified.

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Senanayake, D. G., and N. J. Holliday. "SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF FOLIAGE-DWELLING INSECT PESTS IN COMMERCIAL FIELDS AND INSECTICIDE-FREE PLOTS OF POTATO IN MANITOBA." Canadian Entomologist 121, no. 3 (1989): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent121253-3.

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AbstractPatterns of seasonal abundance of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), potato flea beetle, Epitrix cucumeris (Harris), potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), and aphids on potato cv. Norland are reported for the 1983–1985 growing seasons in southern Manitoba. Each year, Colorado potato beetles and potato flea beetles underwent one generation on the crop. There were two peaks of leafhopper abundance in 1983 and 1984, but only one was evident in 1985. Aphid populations rose to a single peak in August of each year.In experimental plots in the absence of insecticides, Colorado potato beetles completely defoliated plants in two seasons out of the three. In commercial fields, insecticide sprays applied in July and early August greatly reduced populations of Colorado potato beetles for the rest of the season, and there was no defoliation at harvest. Insecticides had less effect on potato flea beetle populations. Leafhopper and aphid populations were small at the time of spraying.

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Stewart, Jeff G., Jennifer Feldman, and Debby A. LeBlanc. "RESISTANCE OF TRANSGENIC POTATOES TO ATTACK BY EPITRIX CUCUMERIS (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 131, no. 4 (1999): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent131423-4.

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AbstractPotato plants (Solanum tuberosum, cv. Russet Burbank) genetically altered to produce the CryIIIA protein from Bacillus thuringiensis var tenebrionis were tested for susceptibility to attack by the potato flea beetle, Epitrix cucumeris (Harris), on Prince Edward Island, Canada, from 1993 to 1996. Average weekly damage to the fourth terminal leaf of transgenic potato plants was 31% lower in 1993 and 20% lower in 1994 compared with nontransgenic plants. Transgenic plants had 29% fewer potato flea beetle adults when compared with nontransgenic plants in 1994, although no difference was detected between the two plant types in 1993. Recovery of potato flea beetle pupae in the soil was noticeably lower from transgenic plants expressing the CryIIIA protein in all parts of the plant (Construct No. RBBT02-10Y1) than from either the transgenic plants that expressed the CryIIIA protein primarily in the green foliage (Construct No. RBBT04-01) or the nontransgenic plants. Adult potato flea beetles, when given a choice between transgenic and nontransgenic leaf material, fed preferentially on nontransgenic material. In contrast, when adults were not given a choice, feeding damage was similar between treatments. These results suggest that the reason for reduced feeding on transgenic potato plants by the potato flea beetle is, at least in part, due to some toxicity of the plants to immature growth stages and a preference for adults to feed on nontransgenic material when it is available.

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Dively, Galen P., Terrence Patton, Lindsay Barranco, and Kelly Kulhanek. "Comparative Efficacy of Common Active Ingredients in Organic Insecticides Against Difficult to Control Insect Pests." Insects 11, no. 9 (2020): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090614.

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There exists a lack of control efficacy information to enable decision-making about which organic insecticide product works best for a given insect pest. Here, we summarize results of 153 field trials on the control efficacy of common active ingredients in organic insecticides against 12 groups of the most difficult to control insect pests. These trials evaluated primarily the organic products Entrust (spinosad), Azera (pyrethrin and azadirachtin), PyGanic (pyrethrin) and Neemix (azadirachtin), which reduced pest infestations by an overall 73.9%, 61.7%, 48.6% and 46.1% respectively, averaged across all trials. Entrust was the most effective control option for many insect pests, particularly providing >75% control of flea beetles, Colorado potato beetle, cabbageworms and alfalfa weevil, but was relatively ineffective against true bugs and aphids. Azera provided >75% control of green peach aphid, flea beetles, Japanese beetle, Mexican bean beetle, potato leafhopper and cabbageworms. PyGanic was less effective than Entrust and Azera but still provided >75% control of green peach aphid, flea beetles and potato leafhopper. The growth inhibition effects of azadirachtin in Neemix were particularly effective against larvae of Mexican bean beetle and Colorado potato beetle but was generally less effective in trials with insect infestations consisting mainly of adult stages. Those insect pests that were particularly difficult to control included thrips, stinkbugs, cucumber beetles and fruitworms. Several caveats pertaining to the application of the results are discussed.

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Reed, J. T., M. R. Williams, and D. Fleming. "INTERIM RESULTS FROM THE SWEET POTATO RAMP GRANT IN MISSISSIPPI." HortScience 41, no. 3 (2006): 518A—518. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.518a.

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Results from research funded by RAMP (Risk Assessment and Mitigation Program) funds conducted with sweetpotato growers in Mississippi during 2004 and 2005 are discussed. Insects were sampled on a weekly (2004) or biweekly (2005) schedule on land planted to potatoes with and without insecticidal input. Potatoes were harvested from each cooperator's field and evaluated for insect damage one or more times at the end of the season. Insect pest populations in Mississippi sweetpotatoes were relatively low during 2004 and 2005. Under these conditions, the percentage of sweetpotatoes damaged by insects was only slightly reduced by insecticides. Chrysomelid leaf beetles including flea beetles, cucumber beetles and tortoise beetles were the most obvious group of pest insects. The most prominent insect species in sweep net samples during the season was the sweetpotato flea beetle, however damage by this pest was negligible. The most damaging insect based on our evaluation of root damage was the twelve-spotted cucumber beetle. Root feeding by whitefringed beetles, white grubs, and sugarcane beetles was sporadic within the fields in the study, and damage by these insects was generally minimal in 2004 and 2005. Preliminary assessments of the effect of crops planted the year previous to the planting of sweetpotatoes indicate the following order of greater to lesser insect damage: pasture, soybeans, corn, sweetpotato, and cotton. Delay of harvest beyond the optimum harvest date tended to increase insect damage in marketable roots. Pesticide evaluations associated with the study indicate that some reduction in damaged roots may be derived from application of a soil-incorporated insecticide at lay by.

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Vernon, R. S., and J. R. Mackenzie. "EVALUATION OF FOLIAR SPRAYS AGAINST THE TUBER FLEA BEETLE, EPITRIX TUBERIS GENTNER (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), ON POTATO." Canadian Entomologist 123, no. 2 (1991): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent123321-2.

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AbstractThe efficacies of registered and unregistered foliar sprays against the tuber flea beetle, Epitrix tuberis Gentner, were compared in 1987, 1988, and 1989 at Abbotsford, B.C. Beetles were released serially in treatment plots and visually counted after each release to determine the effectiveness and longevity of residual control. In 1989, emergence cages placed over previously treated plants measured the effect of sprays on the next generation of beetles. Pyrethroids generally resulted in beetle mortality for longer periods of time than did the nonpyrethroids carbaryl, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, and methamidophos. Several pyrethroids provided residual beetle control for up to 7 days after application. In 1989, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin were as effective in suppressing emergence of the next generation of beetles as was granular phorate applied at seeding. These studies demonstrated that foliar sprays can be a key component of E. tuberis management programs, especially those operating on soil types where the use of granular insecticides is restricted.

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Vernon, R. S., J. R. Mackenzie, and D. L. Bartel. "MONITORING TUBER FLEA BEETLE, EPITRIX TUBERIS GENTNER (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) ON POTATO: PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE ACCURACY OF VISUAL SAMPLING." Canadian Entomologist 122, no. 3 (1990): 525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent122525-5.

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AbstractThe accuracy of visual observations in estimating numbers of tuber flea beetles, Epitrix tuberis Gentner, on young potatoes was determined. Potential sources of observational error examined were as follows: (a) observer competence and experience; (b) time spent observing each plant; (c) time of day; (d) plant height; and (e) weather. Observational accuracy versus tuber flea beetle density on plants followed a linear relationship for both experienced and inexperienced observers. Marked differences between experienced and inexperienced observers generally were reduced after 2 h of sampling experience, but some observers were consistently less accurate at sighting beetles than others. When observing small plants, 5-s observations generally were more accurate at sighting beetles per second of observation than 2-, 8-, or 10-s observations. Under uniform weather conditions, accuracy was the same in the morning as in the afternoon. Observer accuracy was significantly reduced under the combined influences of observer fatigue and wind. The relationship of 5-s-per-plant sampling accuracy to plants between 14 and 56 cm in height was linear; however, a quadratic relationship is suspected for plants over the full range of plant heights (i.e. >1 cm). From these data, total tuber flea beetles per plant estimated by 5-s visual observations per plant would be: TFB = TFB0/EhE0n where TFB0 is the total number of flea beetles observed, n is the total number of plants sampled, Eh is a sampling accuracy constant for the mean plant height sampled, and E0 is the observer accuracy constant calculated as a proportion of the most proficient observer(s).

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Cusson, Michel, Robert S. Vernon, and Bernard D. Roitberg. "A SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING PLAN FOR ADULT TUBER FLEA BEETLES (EPITRIX TUBERIS GENTNER): DEALING WITH “EDGE EFFECTS”." Canadian Entomologist 122, no. 3 (1990): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent122537-5.

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AbstractWe propose a sequential sampling plan for adult tuber flea beetles, Epitrix tuberis Gent., in potato fields, which is based on a confidence interval calculated around a critical density value (Iwao 1975) and which uses Taylor’s Power Law (Taylor 1961) to estimate the variance. Because of the highly edge-biased gradients of density displayed by this insect, separate sequential expressions have been calculated for densities at the edges and centers of fields.In a survey of 12 commercial potato fields, spring-generation E. tuberis densities in centers of fields were always far below the threshold level of one beetle per 10 plants employed at the time of sampling. The survey also indicated that fields that have been sown with potatoes for 2 consecutive years have higher beetle densities than fields sown with potatoes for a 1st year. Edge:center density ratios, however, were the same for the two categories of fields.

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Stewart, Jeff G., and Leith S. Thompson. "THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPRING AND SUMMER POPULATIONS OF ADULT POTATO FLEA BEETLES, EPITRIX CUCUMERIS (HARRIS) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), ON SMALL PLOTS OF POTATOES." Canadian Entomologist 121, no. 12 (1989): 1097–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1211097-12.

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AbstractThe spatial distribution of spring and summer populations of the potato flea beetle, Epitrix cucumeris (Harris) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), on potatoes (“Superior” variety) was studied in 1987 and 1988. Slopes of the regression of mean crowding on the mean number of adults per plant were not significantly different from 1.0 except for summer populations in 1988. The y-intercepts of these regression equations were not significantly different from 0, suggesting that adults of the potato flea beetle are not aggregated. The ratios of mean crowding to mean number of adults per plant were 0.81 for spring populations and 1.02 for summer populations, also indicating that the populations were not highly aggregated. With a level of precision of 0.25, 10 samples per plot were appropriate when more than 2.8 adults per plant were present in the spring and when more than 7.2 adults per plant were present in the summer.

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Pérez Barrera, W., M. Valverde Miraval, M. Barreto Bravo, J. Andrade-Piedra, and G. A. Forbes. "Pests and diseases affecting potato landraces and bred varieties grown in Peru under indigenous farming system." Revista Latinoamericana de la Papa 19, no. 2 (2016): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37066/ralap.v19i2.232.

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The major pests and diseases were identified and quantified on thirteen potato landraces and three bred varieties cultivated in Peru. Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) was the primary biotic constraint affecting plants before flowering with an average severity of 24%. No other pathogens caused severe foliar disease, but black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani) was relatively common on tubers of some genotypes with incidence ranging from 4.30 to 33.33%. The viruses most generally considered important in potato seed degeneration, PVY and PLRV, were extremely rare, with 1.11 and 0.12 % incidence, respectively. Other viruses considered mild, such as PVX and PVS, were more common, with incidence of 28.23 and 22.29 %, respectively. Potato flea beetle (Epitrix spp.), potato leaf beetle (Diabrotica spp.) and Andean potato weevil (Premnotrypes spp.) were common, with incidence of 28.14, 18.75 and 13.61%, respectively. Potato landraces known as Ishkupuru, Lengua de vaca, Chaulina, Chaulina Tajacaja and Negro cayash were identified as potentially resistant to P. infestans.

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Vernon, R. S., and J. R. Mackenzie. "GRANULAR INSECTICIDES AGAINST OVERWINTERED TUBER FLEA BEETLE, EPITRIX TUBERIS GENTNER (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), ON POTATO." Canadian Entomologist 123, no. 2 (1991): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent123333-2.

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AbstractSix systemic and two nonsystemic granular insecticides were evaluated by application in the furrow at planting for control of overwintered tuber flea beetles, Epitrix tuberis Gentner. Studies were conducted from 1986 to 1988 in three soil types in the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia. Of the registered systemic insecticides tested, phorate and aldicarb gave rapid and consistent control of overwintered adults released on the foliage 24–30 days after planting, whereas disulfoton and carbofuran were either less effective or more variable in their control. Terbufos and cloethocarb, not registered for use on potatoes, gave control of adult beetles similar to that of phorate and aldicarb. Mortality of overwintered generation adults resulting from these systemic insecticides was correlated with numbers of beetles emerging in the summer adult generation. Neither fonofos nor chlorpyrifos, the nonsystemic granular insecticides, gave effective control of overwintered flea beetles. Only fonofos significantly reduced the emergence of beetles of the summer generation, but the control was inconsistent between years. When beetles were released on the foliage 56 and 65 days after planting, the fewest beetles emerged from the phorate and terbufos plots. All treatments were less effective in highly organic soils than in mineral soils. The advantages of using granular systemic insecticides for controlling overwintered E. tuberis, and strategies for improving control in association with integrated pest management programs are discussed.

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Cranshaw, Whitney, D. Casey Sclar, Aaron Spriggs, and Jason Bishop. "Potato Insect Control, Ft. Collins, Co 1995." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (1996): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.138.

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Abstract Plots were established at the Department of Horticulture Field Research Center; north of Ft. Collins, CO. Planting was done 12 May, establishing a series of 2-row plots, 30-ft in length. Plot design was a RCB with 4 replications. Admire applications were made to the soil along the sides of the hills and incorporated to a depth of 1-2 inches with a hand cultivator on 5 June, shortly after plant emergence. Soil applications of Granusol Magnesium were applied and incorporated into the hill on 24 June and 24 July. All foliar treatments were applied 27 June and 14 July (immediately after plot evaluations) using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with a single flat fan nozzle delivering 20 gal gal/acre at 45 psi in a series of passes that covered the top and both sides of each row. At the time of original treatment Colorado potato beetle mating and egg laying was common, with some recently hatched larvae present. Evaluations of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larvae were made 30 June and 13 July by counting all larvae on the center 20-ft of each row. Populations dropped sharply after this point, preventing subsequent sampling. Potato flea beetle samples were taken on 4 dates, making 6 sweeps row (12 sweeps/plot) on the first two samples and 8 sweeps/plot on the subsequent samples. Green peach aphid and potato/tomato psyllid were enumerated by counting insects on 35 leaves per plot.

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Wise, Michael J., and Abigail M. Weinberg. "Prior flea beetle herbivory affects oviposition preference and larval performance of a potato beetle on their shared host plant." Ecological Entomology 27, no. 1 (2002): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0307-6946.2001.00383.x.

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Senanayake, D. G., S. F. Pernal, and N. J. Holliday. "Yield Responses of Potatoes to Defoliation by the Potato Flea Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Manitoba." Journal of Economic Entomology 86, no. 5 (1993): 1527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/86.5.1527.

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Nichols, Robert L., John Cardina, Robert L. Lynch, Norman A. Minton, and Homer D. Wells. "Insects, Nematodes, and Pathogens Associated by Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Pastures." Weed Science 40, no. 2 (1992): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500057416.

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Horsenettle is a deep-rooted perennial weed that cannot be easily controlled by mechanical means or by a single chemical application. A study was conducted at two sites for two consecutive years to identify biological factors that might limit its growth. Insects, nematodes, and plant pathogens were collected from horsenettle growing in bermudagrass pastures. The insects most commonly found included the Colorado potato beetle and the eggplant flea beetle. An unidentified lepidopteron, familyGelechiidae, was found at very low frequency as pupae in hollow leaf chambers constructed at the apices of flowering meristems. Infested apices bore no fruit. Seven genera of nematodes were found in the soil at both sites, but only very low numbers of lesion nematodes were recovered from horsenettle roots, and these had caused little damage. Root rot was observed under wet soil conditions on plants damaged by trampling. A downy mildew was prevalent at both sites in both years in October.

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Christie, R. D., J. T. Schulz, and N. C. Gudmestad. "Potato Flea Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Evaluated as a Possible Vector of Ring Rot Bacterium in Potatoes." Journal of Economic Entomology 86, no. 4 (1993): 1223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/86.4.1223.

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Andrade-Piedra, I. Navarrete, N. Panchi, J. L. "Potato crop health quality and yield losses in Ecuador." Revista Latinoamericana de la Papa 21, no. 2 (2017): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37066/ralap.v21i2.280.

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The poor knowledge about the presence of diseases and pests affecting the potato crop in developing countries difficult the understanding of their distribution in agro-ecological systems and consequent effect on yield and seed quality. A combination of a monitoring and a field experiment were performed to: (1) determine the incidence and severity of pathogens and pests affecting foliage and seed tubers, (2) determine the influence of altitude and seed sources over seed quality, and (3) determine yield responses to seed quality. Disease and pest monitoring on the foliage and seed tubers was performed in farmers’ fields in the main potato production provinces in Ecuador in 2010. The field experiment was performed in CIP-Quito by planting the evaluated seed tubers from 2010-2011 and registering their individual yield. We found that late blight and flea beetle damages were constantly affecting foliage, whereas black scurf, andean weevil, potato virus S and potato virus X predominantly affected seed tubers. Our data suggest that planting at higher altitudes potentially reduce seed-borne viral diversity, and that pathogens and pests diversity on farmers’ seed tubers is similar regardless the seed source. Yield variation was explained by the following problems in the seed tuber: black scurf, presence of potato virus S, potato yellow vein virus, and presence of mechanical damages. However, these problems varied when seed source or variety changed.

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Gallandt, E. R., E. B. Mallory, A. R. Alford, et al. "Comparison of alternative pest and soil management strategies for Maine potato production systems." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 13, no. 4 (1998): 146–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300007864.

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AbstractPotato acreage and total production in Maine have declined steadily since the 1960s. In 1991, a University of Maine research team established a large-scale, long-term, comparative study of three factors that form the foundation of productive potato cropping systems: soil management, pest management, and variety choice. This study, the Potato Ecosystem Project, included 96 main plots (5.8 ha total) and near-by “component studies.” The project contrasted amended vs. unamended soil management strategies; conventional vs. reduced-input vs. bio-intensive pest management strategies; and disease and stress susceptible vs. tolerant potato varieties. Given recent concerns over resistance to pesticides and increasing costs of agricultural chemical inputs, the reduced-input and bio-intensive pest management systems provided encouraging results. Weed growth was similar in the conventional and reduced-input systems. Colorado potato beetle thresholds were exceeded less often and their densities were lower in the bio-intensive system than in the reduced-input and conventional systems. Lady beetles, which are major aphid predators, were more abundant in the bio-intensive pest management system compared with the reduced-input and conventional systems in 5 of the 6 years. Tuber yield and quality were maintained at a high level in the reduced-input system, although difficulties with plant disease, nutrient and weed management contributed to significantly lower yields in the bio-intensive pest management system. Economic analysis indicated that from 1993 to 1996, the reduced-input system had a greater return over variable cost (avg. $973 ha-1) than the conventional (avg. $890ha-1) and bio-intensive pest management systems (avg. $578ha-1). The amended soil management system achieved rapid improvements in soil quality: soil organic matter, water stable aggregates, potassium, and soluble inorganic phosphorus contents increased while requirements for synthetic fertilizers were reduced. These improvements in soil quality enhanced late-season crop vigor, canopy duration and tuber quality, and increased yields by 13% and 30% over the unamended system in 1994 and 1995, respectively, but not in 1996. Improved crop vigor in the amended soil management system also benefited weed control efforts by encouraging a more weed-suppressive potato crop. In the biointensive pest management system, in which weeds were controlled mechanically, the amended soil management system had less weed biomass than the unamended soil management system in 1994 and 1995. Conversely, the amended soil management system consistently increased flea beetle populations and, in one of two years, the incidence of Rhizoctonia. The choice of potato variety also affected pest dynamics. Total aphid density (all aphid species considered together) and almost all disease ratings were higher on ‘Superior’ than ‘Atlantic’ potato.

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Vernon, Robert S., and Donald R. Thomson. "OVERWINTERING OF TUBER FLEA BEETLES, EPITRIX TUBERIS GENTNER (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), IN POTATO FIELDS." Canadian Entomologist 123, no. 1 (1991): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent123239-1.

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Early season infestations of adult tuber flea beetles, Epitrix tuberis Gentner, usually are concentrated at the edges of potato fields, and it generally has been assumed that they move into potato fields from the outside inward. This edge-effect suggests that tuber flea beetles overwinter outside potato fields, and other species of flea beetles have been reported to behave similarly (Wolfenbarger 1940; Dominick 1971; Burgess 1981). This may not be true of E. tuberis, however. Hoerner and Gillette (1928), in Colorado, noted that potatoinfesting flea beetles [probably E. cucurneris (Harris), E. subcrinata (Lec.), or E. tuberis] often congregated under piles of old potato vines in potato fields, and Hill and Tate (1942) observed flea beetles feeding on cull tubers in a potato field after harvest. These observations suggest, but do not confirm, that some flea beetles including E. tuberis may remain in harvested potato fields during winter.

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Boiteau, Gilles, and Pamela MacKinley. "Response of adult Colorado potato beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to water in the landscape." Canadian Entomologist 149, no. 2 (2016): 174–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2016.52.

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AbstractThis laboratory study confirmed that the strategy of adult terrestrial Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say); Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) to survive the threat of drowning in water is based on avoidance of water crossings. It also showed that beetles at the surface of a body of water after failing to avoid it, long considered limited to passive floating and phoretic transport were in fact likely to rely on a complex fight or flee response. Beetles showed capacity to swim in a pattern similar to land foraging beetles. Beetles also tolerated submergence and walked underwater. These active behaviours should improve their probability of finding shore or refuge for longer survival. Results confirmed that Colorado potato beetles are likely to accumulate near water features in the potato agro-ecosystem landscape but suggest that successful crossings and colonisation of crops on the other side are more likely than previously expected. On a larger scale, new information provided by this study combined with our knowledge of dominant winds and currents should make it possible for future research to better predict the probability of surviving encounters with water and the orientation of invasive Colorado potato beetle colonisers dispersing at the surface of bodies of water.

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Munib, Mohmmad, Abdul Rouf Wani, Shabir Hussain Khan, and Arshad Abbas. "Pest Complex of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with Special Reference to Management of White Grub in Northern Districts of Kashmir Valley." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 3 (2016): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n3p151.

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The investigations entitled “Pest complex of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with special reference to management of white grub in northern districts of Kashmir Valley” were undertaken at Baramulla, Kupwara and Bandipora districts for two cropping seasons 2011 and 2012. A total of 12 pests were recorded on the cropright from sowing upto harvest which were Flea beetle (Chaetocnema spp.), Semilooper (Thysanoplusia orichalcea), Aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae), Cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon), White grub (Brahmina coriacea and B. poonensis), Wireworm (Melanotus horticornis), Earwig (Euborellia annulipes), Stunt nematode (Tylenchorlynctus kashmiriensis Mahajan), Lens nematode (Basirolaimus indicus Shamsi), Spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus dihystera Sher. and H . indicus Siddiqi), Root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.) and Dagger nematode (Xiphinema basiri Siddiqi). In vivo observation revealed that Imidacloprid (70WS) as seed treatment registered 97.33, 96.66 and 96.66 per cent good tubers at Kunzer, Budnambal and Ajas, respectively followed by Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarrhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana. Whereas, Mustard cake as soil amendment recorded lowest good tubers of 76.00, 76.66 and 76.66 per cent at Kunzer, Budnambal and Ajas against 74.66, 75.33 and 74.66 per cent in control, respectively. The overall performances in descending order of different pesticides/cultural practices on the basis of per cent good tuber were Imidacloprid (96.88%) &gt; Bacillus thuringiensis (93.55%) &gt; Metarrhizium anisopliae (91.10%) &gt; Beauveria bassiana (89.33%) &gt; Cultural practices (81.33%) &gt; Azadirachta indica (80.66%) &gt; Phalada-111C1(77.10%) &gt; Brassica species (76.44%) against control (74.88%).

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Lykouressis, D. P. "Epithrix hirtipennis, a New Pest of Tobacco in Greece, with Notes on its Morphology, Bioecology and Control." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 9 (June 2, 2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.13996.

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The tobacco flea beetle, Epithrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was first noticed on tobacco in Agrinio area in early May 1988. In the next year it was also found to attack tobacco in the same area. Heavy attacks were also recorded on eggplant while a low infestation was noticed on potato and pepper. To date this species is widespread in several areas of Phthiotis (Central Greece) where tobacco is grown developing quite large populations. The adult feeds on the leaves causing almost circular holes, usually 1-2 mm in diameter, and irregular shape ones when they are larger. The adult starts feeding usually from the upper surface of the leaves and to a lesser extent from the underside. When large numbers of adults are present, larger holes are caused on the tobacco leaves while in higher population densities, the whole lamina except of nerves can be eaten, leading to severe damage of the crop. The adult was usually found on the upper surface of the lower tobacco leaves. It showed a strong feeding preference for the lower then the upper leaves of tobacco, as well as plants of reduced growth. The latter preference could be taken into account in an integrated pest management programme for tobacco pests. E. hirtipennis is of nearctic origin, known in U.S.A., Canada, Cuba, Mexico, Guatemala, Panama, Colombia and pos sibly occurs in other areas of Central and South America. It is a polyphagous species attacking cultivated plants and weeds such as tobacco, eggplant, potato, tomato, pepper, Jimson weed, ground cherry, nightshade, horse nettle and to a lesser extent many other plants. In tobacco, one adult has been estimated that can eat leaf quantity equal to ten times of its own weight in a day. Therefore, it can lower both the quantity and quality of leaves. E. hirtipennis was unknown to European countries until 1983. The first record in Europe was on tobacco in the area of Benevento, in the Campania region, South Italy. Later, it was recorded in Toscana, whilst Sannino and Balbiani reported that it was already present in the provinces of Campania, Basilicata, Lazio, Puglia, Abruzzo, Toscana and Umbria; Toscana and Umbria are the last areas in which the species was recorded. After its appearance, it has progressively spread into South and Central Italy causing damage which depends upon tobacco type. The record of E. hirtipennis at first in Agrinio area and later in other areas of Central Greece reveals that it rather invaded West Greece through transport from Italy and has spread to other areas.

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Matthiesse, J. N., and S. E. Learmonth. "Seasonally contrasting activity of African black beetle, Heteronychus arator (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): implications for populations, pest status and management." Bulletin of Entomological Research 88, no. 4 (1998): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300042188.

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AbstractFlight and surface activity of the African black beetle, Heteronychus arator (Fabricius), detected by pitfall, light and window traps, was seasonally reversed. High surface activity relative to flight occurred in spring when beetles were mature, while relatively higher levels of flight occurred in autumn when they were immature. Pitfall trap captures were male-dominated in spring and female-dominated in autumn, and were a poor estimator of adult density. Light trap captures were consistently female-dominated. Although autumn flight was dispersive and inferred to have some role in population regulation, it was largely localized within the usual pasture habitat of the species. Some beetles flew into irrigated potato crops in autumn, but not specifically, as beetle abundance was consistently less than in surrounding dry pasture. High surface activity indicates spring is a strategic time for surface-applied control measures to prevent increase of H. arator in the next generation, a less disruptive alternative to conventional soil-incorporated insecticide directed at the new generation's larvae in summer. Such an approach would be best aimed early in the upsurge of activity, as most of the season's cohort of eggs was laid by the time surface activity peaked in mid-spring.

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Eyre, Dominic, and Neil Giltrap. "Epitrix flea beetles: new threats to potato production in Europe." Pest Management Science 69, no. 1 (2012): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.3423.

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Hayashikawa, Shuji, and Takeshi Fukuda. "Biology and management of the sweet potato flea beetle（Chaetocnema confinis Crotch）. 4. Effect of several insecticides against C. confinis adults and a preliminary test on suppression of tuber damage by application of granular insecticides to a sweet potato field." Kyushu Plant Protection Research 62 (2016): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.62.95.

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Matthiessen, J. N., and S. E. Learmonth. "Impact of the soil insects African black beetle, Heteronychus arator (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Whitefringed weevil, Graphognathus leucoloma (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), on potatoes and effects of soil insecticide treatments in south-western Australia." Bulletin of Entomological Research 85, no. 1 (1995): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300052068.

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AbstractPopulations of the soil insects African black beetle, Heteronychus arator (Fabricius), and whitefringed weevil, Graphognathus leucoloma (Boheman), and the damage caused to potato crops in south-western Australia were measured with and without the insecticide chlorpyrifos incorporated into the soil prior to planting. Low populations of both insects were highly damaging. Destruction of stems by H. arator reduced tuber yield and both species damaged tubers from the time of their formation. Tuber damage increased with time because both insect species on average damaged multiple tubers and caused multiple attacks on tubers. Growth of G. leucoloma larvae caused increased abundance of the more damaging later instars in spring. The insecticide reduced resident H. arator abundance and hence damage to newly-emerging potato stems in summer, but had less effect on reducing attacks on tubers in summer crops because adult beetles flew into some crops during growth. Exceptionally high tuber damage per H. arator adult in winter crops was ascribed to enhanced activity during its spring breeding season. The insecticide was inconsistent in reducing the abundance of G. leucoloma larvae. Insecticidal effects were greatest near the soil surface, resulting in an increase in the relative proportion of both insects deeper in the soil. Since a greater proportion of the tubers occurred there, the resulting greater potential for the insects to cause tuber damage tended to outweigh reduction in their abundance.

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BIEŃKOWSKI, ANDRZEJ O., and MARINA J. ORLOVA-BIENKOWSKAJA. "World checklist of flea-beetles of the genus Epitrix (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini)." Zootaxa 4268, no. 4 (2017): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4268.4.4.

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The world checklist of the genus Epitrix (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) is necessary, since many species of this genus are serious pests of potato and other Solanaceae, and since some species have been inadvertedly introduced from one continent to another and established. We have compiled the catalogue of all species described to date. There are 162 species and 11 subspecies in the world. The geographic distribution is indicated for each species.

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Germain, Jean-François, Catherine Chatot, Isabelle Meusnier, Emmanuelle Artige, Jean-Yves Rasplus, and Astrid Cruaud. "Molecular identification of Epitrix potato flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Europe and North America." Bulletin of Entomological Research 103, no. 3 (2013): 354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748531200079x.

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AbstractEpitrix species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) feed mostly on plants from the family Solanaceae and some of them are major pests of potato crops. All Epitrix species are morphologically highly similar, which makes them difficult to identify and limits their study and management. Identification of species is mostly based on the observation of the genitalia and requires a high level of expertise. Here, we propose a tool to reliably identify all developmental stages of the most economically important Epitrix species feeding on potato in Europe and North America (Epitrix cucumeris, Epitrix similaris, Epitrix tuberis, Epitrix subcrinita and Epitrix hirtipennis). We first sequenced two DNA markers (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2)) to test their effectiveness in differentiating among six Epitrix species (126 specimens). Morphospecies of Epitrix were well-differentiated by both DNA barcodes and no mitochondrial introgression was detected. Then, we developed an RFLP-based diagnostic method and showed that unambiguous species discrimination can be achieved by using the sole restriction enzyme TaqI on COI polymerase chain reaction products. The tool proposed here should improve our knowledge about Epitrix species biology, distribution and host range, three capacities that are particularly important in the detection and management of these pest species. Specifically, this tool should help prevent the introduction of E. tuberis and E. subcrinita in Europe and limit the spread of the recently introduced E. cucumeris and E. similaris, with minimal disruption to Solanaceae trade.

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Mouttet, Raphaëlle, Jean-François Germain, and Astrid Cruaud. "Molecular identification of Epitrix potato flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Europe and North America - CORRIGENDUM." Bulletin of Entomological Research 109, no. 4 (2016): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485316000559.

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DuPont, Tianna. "POTATO LEAF HOPPER, FLEA BEETLE, COLORADO POTATO BEETLE CONTROL WITH GRANDEVO, 2013." Arthropod Management Tests 39, no. 1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4182/amt.2014.e7.

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Sorensen, Kenneth A., and Dennis G. Cooke. "COLORADO POTATO BEETLE AND FLEA BEETLE CONTROL IN EGGPLANT, 2001." Arthropod Management Tests 27, no. 1 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/27.1.e40.

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McLeod, Paul, and Javier Diaz. "CONTROL OF COLORADO POTATO BEETLE AND EGGPLANT FLEA BEETLE ON EGGPLANT, 1998." Arthropod Management Tests 24, no. 1 (1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/24.1.e45.

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McLeod, Paul, and Javier Diaz. "CONTROL OF COLORADO POTATO BEETLE AND EGGPLANT FLEA BEETLE ON EGGPLANT, 1999." Arthropod Management Tests 25, no. 1 (2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/25.1.e42.

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Sorensen, Kenneth A., and Dennis G. Cooke. "SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE, WHITEFRINGED BEETLE, WHITE GRUB, AND WIREWORM CONTROL IN SWEET POTATO, 2001." Arthropod Management Tests 27, no. 1 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/27.1.e89.

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Abney, Mark R., and Rocio Davila. "EVALUATION OF PRE-PLANT AND SOIL BARRIER INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF WIREWORM AND SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE LARVAE IN SWEET POTATO, 2009." Arthropod Management Tests 35, no. 1 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.4182/amt.2010.e33.

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