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1
Dědič, P., J. Ptáček, V. Horáčková, V. Matoušek, N. Čeřovská, and M. Filigarová. "Potato virus S (PVS): puzzling virus for potato breeders and seed producers." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (2017): 648–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10581-pps.
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In the framework of PVS eradication from breeding materials of Czech potato cultivars, the systematic research was devoted to: susceptibility of cultivars, occurrence of PVS in imported and domestic materials, and to maintenance of virus-free basic grades potatoes on breeding stations. In the field-exposure trials was proved high level of susceptibility of most cultivars to PVS and by contraries, gradualy increased proportion of maintained virus-free cultivars of foreign, as well as domestic origin. Nevertheless severe infestation still persist in some of them. The contemporary situation with maintenance of virus-free basic material in CR was demonstrated.
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Robertson, Nancy L., Jeffrey Smeenk, and Jodie M. Anderson. "Molecular Characterization of Potato leafroll virus, Potato virus A, and Potato virus X Isolates from Potatoes in Alaskan Cities and Villages." Plant Health Progress 12, no. 1 (2011): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2011-0209-01-br.
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Although all three viruses are commonly found in potatoes throughout the world, this is the first report of potato viruses from Alaska to be sequenced and molecularly analyzed for comparisons with known viruses. Accepted for publication 17 January 2011. Published 9 February 2011.
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Ahmadvand, R., A. Takács, J. Taller, I. Wolf, and Z. Polgár. "Potato viruses and resistance genes in potato." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 60, no. 3 (2012): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.60.2012.3.10.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important food crop in the world. It is the most economically valuable and well-known member of the plant family Solanaceae. Potato is the host of many pathogens, including fungi, bacteria, Phytoplasmas, viruses, viroids and nematodes, which cause reductions in the quantity and quality of yield. Apart from the late blight fungus [Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary] viruses are the most important pathogens, with over 40 viruses and virus-like pathogens infecting cultivated potatoes in the field, among which Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus X (PVX), Potato virus A (PVA), Potato virus S (PVS) and Potato virus M (PVM) are some of the most important viruses in the world. In this review, their characteristics and types of resistance to them will be discussed.
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Duncan, David R., David Hammond, Jim Zalewski, et al. "633 Field Performance of “Transgenic” Potato, with Resistance to Colorado Potato Beetle and Viruses." HortScience 34, no. 3 (1999): 556E—557. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.556e.
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After more than 10 years of research, Monsanto scientists have developed improved seed potatoes that are protected from serious pests, including insects and disease. The first commercial products resulting from this effort were NewLeaf ® potatoes derived from `Russet Burbank' and `Atlantic' parents. The NewLeaf® product was commercialized in 1995 and contains a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (variety tenebrionis) (B.t.t.). for the production of the Cry3A protein. Potatoes expressing this gene are completely protected from the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) and need no additional chemical protection for this insect pest. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have all determined that these potatoes are the same in safety and nutritional composition as any other `Russet Burbank' and `Atlantic' potatoes. These potatoes have also been approved by Health Canada, Agri-Food Canada and Agriculture Canada and by Japan and Mexico for food use. Commercial growers across North America have experienced outstanding performance while growing NewLeaf® potatoes 3 years in a row. This level of performance is the result of stable, nonsignificant differences in expression of the Cry3A gene. The stable performance, also, is a result of an effective insect resistance management program based on maintaining CPB refuges near NewLeaf ® fields, reducing CPB populations, and monitoring for CPB surviving exposure to NewLeaf® potatoes. In 1998 NewLeaf Y®), conferring resistance to both CPB and potato virus Y, and NewLeaf Plus®, conferring resistance to CPB and potato leafroll virus will be commercially released.
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Davis, J. A., and E. B. Radcliffe. "The Importance of an Invasive Aphid Species in Vectoring a Persistently Transmitted Potato Virus: Aphis glycines Is a Vector of Potato leafroll virus." Plant Disease 92, no. 11 (2008): 1515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-11-1515.
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Experiments were undertaken to determine soybean aphid (i) landing rates in potato fields, (ii) population dynamics on potato, (iii) feeding behavior compared with green peach aphid on potato using the electrical penetration graph technique (EPG), (iv) acquisition, retention, and transmission of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), and (v) if soybean aphid–infested crop borders could increase PLRV spread in seed potato. Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) landed on potato but failed to establish colonies. EPG showed no significant differences between the aphid species in preprobe, xylem phase, sieve element salivation, and phloem sap ingestion durations on potato. Soybean aphid acquired PLRV 78% of the time, and 75 and 70% of individual aphids retained infectivity after 72 and 144 h, respectively. Soybean aphid transmitted PLRV to susceptible potato with 6 to 9% efficiency. Prior to the invasion of this exotic pest, soybean borders were commonly used in Minnesota and North Dakota to protect seed potato against spread of Potato virus Y. In 2002 and 2004, PLRV incidence was not different in potatoes with soybean borders whether treated with insecticide or not. In 2005, with extreme soybean aphid pressure, potatoes with untreated (no insecticide) borders had significantly greater PLRV spread. This is the first report of soybean aphid transmitting PLRV.
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Volodin, S. "Cluster Model of Seed Production of Domestic Potato Varieties on a Virus-Free Basis." Economic Herald of the Donbas, no. 1 (63) (2021): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2021-1(63)-52-60.
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The article analyzes the production of potatoes in Ukraine in 2005-2019 in all categories of farms, agricultural enterprises, farms, households. The problems of the present in the development of the potato industry have been clarified. It is proposed to create an integrated scientific and innovative system of production and sale of domestic potato seeds on the basis of partnership between science and business, in particular the creation of the Innovation Cluster «Ukrainian Potatoes». The tasks of the Innovation Cluster «Ukrainian Potato» are considered. The basic positions of the project «Ukrainian potato» are given. The stages of development of the business infrastructure of the Ukrainian Potato cluster are studied. Attention is paid to the research and production network of the project and the stages of project implementation of the Innovation Cluster «Ukrainian Potato». Further directions of research of this theme are offered.
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Kil, E. J., J. Kim, H. S. Byun, et al. "First Report of Sweet potato golden vein associated virus Infecting Sweet Potato in Korea." Plant Disease 98, no. 8 (2014): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-14-0123-pdn.
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Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is one of the most important crops in eastern Asia, including Korea. Consumption of sweet potato is increasing gradually because of its growing reputation as a health food. Recently, outbreaks of viruses infecting sweet potatoes have increased all over the world, probably because sweet potatoes are produced via vegetative propagation (1,2). In Korea, most sweet potatoes in fields have been infected by a begomovirus, Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV), and other viruses such as Sweet potato feathery mottle virus, Sweet potato virus G, and Sweet potato latent virus (3). Many countries have monitored sweet potato virus infections in fields as well as in germplasm collections to select virus-free stocks. In 2013, 20 sweet potato plants showing leaf roll symptoms in Muan, South Korea, were collected and analyzed. Total DNA was isolated from sweet potato leaves (Viral Gene-spin Viral DNA/RNA Extraction Kit, iNtRON Biotechnology, Seongnam, Korea) and viral DNA was amplified by rolling circle amplification (RCA, TempliPhi Amplification Kit, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden) following the manufacturer's instructions. Amplicons were digested by restriction enzyme SacI (TaKaRa Bio, Shiga, Japan) and products were run on a 1.5% agarose gel. A 2.8-kb DNA fragment was purified from a gel, ligated into a pGEM-T easy vector (Promega, Madison, WI), and sequenced (Macrogen, Seoul, Korea). Based on a BLAST search, most of the sequences (36/38) were identified as SPLCV, but two independent clones 2,824 nt in length from sweet potato cv. Sincheonmi were similar to Sweet potato golden vein associated virus (SPGVaV) isolate US:MS:1B-3 (94.38%, GenBank Accession No. HQ333143). The complete genome sequence of the SPGVaV-Korea isolate contained six ORFs, as expected for a typical monopartite begomovirus. The sequence was deposited in GenBank under accession number KF803170. SPGVaV is a whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)-transmitted virus (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae). A phylogenetic analysis that included other begomoviruses that infect sweet potato showed SPGVaV-Korea to segregate with other SPGVaV isolates. SPGVaV has previously only been reported in Brazil and the United States (1). This is the first report of SPGVaV in sweet potato outside of the Americas. References: (1) L. C. Albuquerque et al. Virol. J. 9:241, 2012. (2) E. Choi et al. Acta Virol. 56:187, 2012. (3) H. R. Kwak et al. Plant Pathol. J. 22:239, 2006.
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Teulon, D. A. J., and M. A. W. Stufkens. "Lack of relationship between aphid virus vector activity and potato leaf roll virus incidence." New Zealand Plant Protection 54 (August 1, 2001): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2001.54.3745.
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The relationship between activity of aphid virus vectors and incidence of potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) in seed potato crops was investigated using historical data Numbers of PRLV aphid vectors (mainly green peach aphids) caught in a 75 m suction trap at Lincoln Canterbury and the incidence of primary and secondary PLRV for Ilam Hardy seed crops from the PT seed potato certification scheme in Canterbury were collated from 1982 to 2000 The degree of simple linear relatedness between aphid flight activity and virus incidence was examined Climate variables which may have contributed to aphid survival reproduction and movement in potato crops were also investigated Very low correlation coefficients between all variables tested were obtained Explanations for the lack of any relationship between potato aphid virus vector flights and virus incidence in potatoes are discussed
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Dmitruk, O., S. Derevyanko, and L. Reshotko. "Risks of distribution of potato viruses in agrocensors of Ukraine." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 64 (November 19, 2018): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2018.64.49-57.
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As a result of the conducted monitoring studies, the spread of viral diseases of potatoes in Ukrainian agrocentoses, which poses a potential threat to the cultivation of this crop. In the nurseries of elite seed potatoes, the risks of spreading M-, S-, Y-viruses of potatoes, both in monoinfection and in the pathocomplexes are determined. It has been established that in the crops the entomophilic M-virus is prevalent in monoinfection (43.5%) or in combination with other mosaic viruses. In agrocentoses with potatoes, S — potato virus — 7.2%; YVP — 2.8% and in the patokompleksa SVP + YVP — 2.8% of the examined varieties. In most tested varieties, the Y-virus appears as a component of various complex infections with mosaic symptoms (25%), which is a feature of the Y-viral present at the present time. In modern conditions, there is a need for phyto-viral monitoring of agrocenoses, obtaining basic data for the development of measures to increase potato productivity by improving the phytosanitary state of agroecosystems and seeding on a non-virus basis.
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Chiunga, E., and J. P. T. Valkonen. "First Report of Five Viruses Infecting Potatoes in Tanzania." Plant Disease 97, no. 9 (2013): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-13-0143-pdn.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an increasingly important food and cash crop in Tanzania (3). Potato production is concentrated in the southern highlands and mainly carried out by smallholder farmers. A certification system for seed potatoes does not exist in the country. Currently, there is little information about viruses infecting potatoes in Tanzania. In October through December 2011, occurrence of the most common, globally distributed potato viruses, Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus A (PVA), M (PVM), S (PVS), Y (PVY), and X (PVX) (1), was determined in 219 potato plants in 16 fields ranging from 0.2 to 1 ha. Potato crops, 1 to 3 months old, consisted sometimes of mixtures of varieties identified as Arika, Chekundu, Kagiri, Kiazi, Kikondo, Sasamka, or Tigoni by farmers, but could not be independently confirmed. The fields were located in the regions of Mbeya (Kawetele, Kikondo, Umalia, Uyole) and Rungwe (Mwakaleli) ~100 km apart in the southern highlands. Virus-like symptoms observed in most fields included yellowish-green mosaic, leaf rolling, and veinal necrosis. Symptoms in tubers were not studied. Leaves from 10 symptomatic and three symptomless plants were sampled from each field and tested by double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA (1) at ARI-Uyole. Virus-specific antibodies and negative and positive controls were used according to the supplier's instructions (Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture, Edinburgh, United Kingdom). PVS and PLRV were detected in 55% and 39% of the samples, respectively, and in all fields sampled. PVX and PVM were found in most fields and in 14% and 5% of the samples, respectively. PVA and PVY were only detected in two localities. Co-infection with PVS and PLRV was detected in 14% of the tested plants. Mixed infections involving three or four viruses were detected in 5% of the plants. A total of 20 samples, which were collected from Uyole and Mwakeleli and found to be ELISA-positive for one or several viruses, were pressed on FTA cards (GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom), transported to University of Helsinki, and analyzed by reverse-transcription PCR (2) using virus-specific primers designed to amplify the coat protein (CP) encoding region. All ELISA-positive samples tested positive by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. Four and five samples ELISA-negative for PVX or PVA, respectively, were positive when tested by RT-PCR, suggesting that the actual incidence of these viruses may be higher than detected by DAS-ELISA. The PCR products from three to five samples per virus were sequenced without cloning, which reconfirmed detection of PLRV, PVA, PVS, PVX, and PVM (GenBank Accession Nos. KC866618 through KC866622, respectively) and revealed few if any differences among isolates of the viruses. The CP sequences were compared with viruses from other countries and continents (4). CP similarities suggested that viruses might have been introduced to Tanzania through potato trade or through introducing new cultivars without adequate indexing for viruses. These results suggest the need for the development of virus control schemes in potato crops, including the nascent, domestic certified seed potato production in Mbeya. References: (1) G. Loebenstein et al., eds. Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Potatoes and Production of Seed Potatoes. Kluwer, Dortrecht, Netherlands, 2001. (2) J. Ndunguru et al. Virol. J. 2:45, 2005. (3) J. Rahko. Potato Value Chain in Tanzania. Univ. Helsinki, Finland, 2012. (4) K. Tamura et al. Mol. Biol. Evol. 28:2731, 2011.
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Замалиева, Faniya Zamalieva, Прищепенко, and Elena Prishchepenko. "Flying features of winged aphids on potato seed plants during 2004-2006." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 8, no. 3 (2013): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1365.
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The most important problem of the introduction of advanced potatoes seed system is to protect against repeated infection the healthy potatoes by viruses in the open field. In our republic the greatest risk to re-infection the healthy potatoes seed is Y - potato virus. The principal vectors of Y – potato virus, developing the largest number, are three types of aphids - buckthorn (Aphis nasturtii), alder (Aphis frangulae) and bean (Aphis fabae). The bean aphid is dominant, in some years its size rises up to 2406 copies. Relatively low coefficient of harmfulness (0.1 equivalent unit), provided the mass settlement on the plants can significantly increase the contamination of potatoes seed. The climatic conditions of the growing season, precipitation, relative humidity, which significantly affect the development and dispersal of aphids on host plants are of great importance.
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Naderpour, M., and L. Sadeghi. "Multiple DNA markers for evaluation of resistance against Potato virus Y, Potato virus S and Potato leafroll virus." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 54, No. 1 (2018): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/180/2016-cjgpb.
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Molecular markers within or close to genes of interest play essential roles in marker-assisted selection. PCR-based markers have been developed for numerous traits in different plant species including several genes conferring resistance to viruses in potato. In the present work, rapid and reliable approaches were developed for the simultaneous detection of Ryadg and Ry-fsto, Ns, and PLRV.1 genes conferring resistance to Potato virus Y, Potato virus S and Potato leafroll virus, respectively, on the basis of previously published and newly modified markers. The sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers for Ryadg, Ns and PLRV1 and the newly modified cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) marker for Ry-fsto were amplified in one PCR reaction which could simply characterize Ryadg and PLRV.1 resistance. Additional digestion of amplicons with EcoRV and MfeI for genotyping the Ry-fsto and Ns resistance genes, respectively, was needed. The effectiveness of genotyping in triplex and tetraplex PCRs was tested on 35 potato varieties used for potato seed production and breeding programs.
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Naveed, Khalid, Amjad Abbas, and Luqman Amrao. "POTATO VIRUS Y: AN EVOLVING PATHOGEN OF POTATO WORLDWIDE." Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 29, no. 1 (2017): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.029.01.0310.
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Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the important diseases of potato throughout the world wherever potatoes are grown. Yield losses in potato due to PVY are upto 70% if infection occurs at initial growth stages of plants. More than eight PVY strains have been reported worldwide which differ from each other based on symptoms they produce in the infected host plants and at their genetic makeup. In recent past years, new necrotic strains of PVY have emerged which are more damaging as they produce necrotic rings and arms on the tubers of infected plants. With increasing aphid population during last decade, incidence of PVY epidemics has increased worldwide. Managing PVY is difficult as some strains do not produce symptoms on infected potato plants and disease diagnosis becomes difficult. In Pakistan, work on strain differentiation of PVY and their aphid vectors are lacking and there is need of molecular research to identify PVY strains which are present in Pakistan.
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Wełnicki, M., C. Zekanowski, and W. Zagórski. "Digoxigenin-labelled molecular probe for the simultaneous detection of three potato pathogens: potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), potato virus Y (PVY), and potato leafroll virus (PLRV)." Acta Biochimica Polonica 41, no. 4 (1994): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1994_4702.
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A molecular probe, p3POT, was constructed of PSTVd, PVY, PLRV cDNA fragments introduced into pUC18 vector. Sequencing of the inserts revealed that cloned fragments covered conservative parts of pathogenic genomes. Dot-blot hybridization of digoxigenin-labelled construct to crude extracts from plants infected with different potato viruses proved high sensitivity and specificity of the p3POT probe. This makes p3POT probe an useful tool for the routine testing, and selection of virus-free potatoes.
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Thomas, P. E. "Nicotiana megalosiphon, a Highly Susceptible, New, and Useful Host for Potato Virus A." Plant Disease 88, no. 10 (2004): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.10.1160b.
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Potato virus A (PVA; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) occurs wherever potatoes are grown and may reduce tuber yields as much as 40%. Its host range consists of six experimental hosts (Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) P. Mill., Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn., Nicotiana tabacum L., Solanum demissum Lindl., S. demissum × S. tuberosum [2], and Nicotiana debneyi Domin.) and two natural hosts (S. tuberosum L. and S. betaceae (Cav.) Sendt.) (2). Aphids transmit PVA in a stylet-born manner. Its difficult mechanical transmission, caused by a low virus concentration in potato and other hosts (1), has constrained pathological research on the virus. In routine studies to identify virus isolates from the field, we discovered that N. megalosiphon Van Heurck & Mull. Agr. is a superior host of PVA that markedly facilitated diagnosis, selection for resistance to PVA, and other research applications. The efficiency of mechanical transmission of PVA to potato (5 duplicated assays and 10 plants per assay) ranged from 0 to 10% with PVA-infected potato as the virus source, 0 to 30% with Nicandra physalodes, 10 to 30% with N. tabacum cv. Samsun, and 20 to 80% with N. megalosiphon as the source of virus. The efficiency of mechanical transmission to four systemic hosts of PVA with potato (cv. Russet Burbank) as the source of virus (5 duplicated assays and 10 plants per assay) ranged from 0 to 20% to potato, 0 to 30% to Nicandra physalodes, 10 to 40% to N. tabacum cv. Samsun, and 80 to 100% to N. megalosiphon. The superiority of N. megalosiphon as a host and source of PVA was associated with a high virus concentration in tissues. Infected potato leaves yielded 0.32 to 0.54 mg of virus per kg of infected leaves, Nicandra physalodes yielded 0.37 to 0.66 mg per kg, N. tabacum cv. Samsun yielded 0.78 to 1.22 mg per kg, and N. megalosiphon yielded 5.16 to 9.39 mg per kg of infected leaves in five different purification experiments. These yields are based on the amount of virus isolated in sucrose gradients subjected to rate-zonal centrifugation as the last step in purification (3). The virus antigen concentrations of the original PVA-infected tissues measured using quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ranked virus concentrations in the same relative order as purification but were nearly 2 times higher than were the purification yields. Similarly, local lesion assays on S. demissum A leaves (4) ranked infectious virus concentrations in the same order as did purification. Efficiency of aphid transmission from the four hosts was not assayed. Infected N. megalosiphon plants survived and served as sources of PVA for at least 1 year in a greenhouse. N. megalosiphon is an important new host of PVA because it facilitates the routine transmission of the virus and other manipulations essential for efficient research on control of the virus disease. References: (1) R. Bartels. No. 54 in: Descriptions of Plant Viruses. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1971. (2) A. Brunt. Page 77 in: Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Potatoes and Production of Seed Potatoes. G Loebenstein et al., eds. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2001. (3) P. E. Thomas and W. K. Kaniewski. Page 285 in: Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Potatoes and Production of Seed Potatoes, G. Loebenstein et al., eds. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2001. (4) R. E. Webb and R. W. Buck. Am Potato J. 32:248, 1955.
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Valkonen, Jari, and Eerik Mäkäräinen. "Symptom expression and accumulation of potato virus Y (PVYO) and potato leaf roll virus in thirteen potato cultivars." Agricultural and Food Science 2, no. 1 (1993): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72638.
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Necrotic local lesions developed in cvs. Matilda, Ostara, Record, Satuma, Stina, Hankkija’s (Hjan) Tanu and Hjan Timo and local ring spots in Olympia and Sieglinde (Siikli) following sap inoculation with the ordinary strain of potato virus Y (PVY0). Secondarily infected cvs. Ostara, Pito, Siikli and Hjan Timo developed leaf drop. No infected progeny was produced by Matilda, Saturna and Hjan Tanu. In contrast, Bintje, Puikula and Sabina developed neither local lesions nor systemic necrosis, but showed mosaic symptoms following primary and secondary infection by PVYO. The ELISA absorbance values for potato leafroll virus (PLRV) in Ostara, Pito and Saturna were less than 10% of those in the PLRV-infected Siikli. The ELISA values for PLRV in Olympia, Stina, Hjan Tanu and Hjan Timo were not significantly different from those of Siikli. The severity of the symptoms did not correlate with the concentration of PLRV in the potatoes.
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Biryukova, V. A., I. V. Shmiglya, V. A. Zharova, et al. "Molecular markers of genes for extreme resistance to potato virus Y in varieties and hybrids Solanum tuberosum L." Rossiiskaia selskokhoziaistvennaia nauka, no. 5 (October 23, 2019): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2500-26272019517-22.
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Potato virus Y (PVY) are among the most harmful viral pathogens that reduce the yield and quality of potatoes. The number of modern varieties resistant to a wide range of PVY strains is very limited, therefore, the selection of potatoes in this direction does not become irrelevant. Molecular markers of the Ry genes are universal tools for identifying new sources of resistance among existing biodiversity of potato genotypes. Since potato varieties and hybrids containing Rysto tend to exhibit cytoplasmic male sterility associated with mitochondrial DNA, the definition of cytoplasmic types is important. In the article, molecular markers of the Ry genes YES3-3A, YES3-3B, RYSC3, Ry186 were used for screening foreign and Russian varieties and hybrids potatoes from the collections of Lorch Potato Research Institute and N.I.Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. Molecular screening and analysis of рedigree revealed that russian varieties and hybrids of potatoes characterized by extreme resistance to PVY were obtained on the basis of foreign varieties Alwara, Arosa, Bison, Bobr, Roko, as well as backcrosses of the Hungarian selection donors of the Rysto gene linked to cytoplasmic male sterility, and forms 128/6 a donor of the Ryadg gene, derived from S. stoloniferum. The marker RYSC3 coupled to Ryadg was found in interspecies hybrids of N.I.Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources 8-1-2004, 8-3-2004, 8-5-2004, 135-5-2005, 135-3-2005, having the same origin with the participation of S. okadae species K-20921 Hawkes et Hjerting and S. chacoense K-19759 Bitt. The marker Ry186 of the gene Rychc is rare. It is present in 5% of the potato genotypes. Molecular screening revealed samples of potatoes with markers of the Ry genes. They are of particular interest for further breeding. Data on the presence of Ry markers of genes in potato varieties and hybrids, serve as valuable information in the selection of initial forms for hybridization.
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Kim, Irina, Elena Barsukova, Petr Fisenko, et al. "Applying methods of replication and recovery of potato microplants (Solanum tuberosum l.) in seed production." E3S Web of Conferences 203 (2020): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020302003.
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Potatoes are strongly affected by pests and by pathogens of fungal, bacterial and viral nature. The most common and economically significant potato viruses are Y (PVY), X (PVX), S (PVS), M (PVM), and potato leaf twisting virus (PLRV). The development of a virus-free bio-resource collection in vitro is the basis for plant breeding development and transferring seed production to a healthier foundation. In this regard, the aim of this research was to apply methods of recovery and select optimal conditions for in vitro propagation of a collection of virus-free potato varieties. A collection of 22 healthy virus-free potato varieties was developed and kept in vitro in the FSBSI “FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A. K. Chaika". The recovery from viruses through joint use of tissue culture (apexes 2-4 mm) and chemotherapy (ribavirin) of the new potato variety Avgustin was carried out. The recovered test-tube plants, as well as the samples of six in vitro potato varieties that are in demand in plant breeding and seed production (Smak, Sante, Yantar, Zhukovsky ranny, Dachny, Adretta), were tested by enzyme immunoassay method (ELISA) for latent infection with viruses Y (PVY), X (PVX), S (PVS), M (PVM), and L (PLRV). The evaluation for Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid (PSTVd) was performed using PCR method. As a result of the study, no viral infections were detected in the recovered material and plants in vitro. The composition of nutrient medium for the microclonal propagation of potatoes that provides maximum value of the propagation rate is detected.
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Zhou, Ji-Yong, Jian-Xiang Wu, Li-Qin Cheng, et al. "Expression of Immunogenic S1 Glycoprotein of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Transgenic Potatoes." Journal of Virology 77, no. 16 (2003): 9090–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.16.9090-9093.2003.
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ABSTRACT The expression of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) S1 glycoprotein in potatoes and its immunogenicity in mice and chickens were investigated. Potato plants were genetically transformed with a cDNA construct encoding the IBV S1 glycoprotein with the Agrobacterium system. Genomic DNA and mRNA analyses of the transformed plantlets confirmed the integration of the foreign cDNA into the potato genome, as well as its transcription. Mice and chickens vaccinated with the expressed IBV S1 glycoprotein produced antibodies that neutralized IBV infectivity. After three immunizations, vaccinated chickens were completely protected from virulent IBV infection. These results demonstrate that transgenic potatoes expressing IBV S1 glycoprotein can be used as a source of recombinant antigen for vaccine production.
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Colinet, D., M. Nguyen, J. Kummert, P. Lepoivre, and Feng Zu Xia. "Differentiation Among Potyviruses Infecting Sweet Potato Based on Genus-and Virus-Specific Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction." Plant Disease 82, no. 2 (1998): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.2.223.
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Knowledge of virus diseases affecting sweet potato has been complicated due to the frequent occurrence of mixed infections and difficulties in isolating and purifying sweet potato viruses. A combined assay of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) utilizing degenerate genus-specific primers POT1 and POT2 was applied to 18 sweet potato clones from China. The primers were designed to amplify the variable 5′ terminal region of the potyvirus coat protein gene. Molecular analysis of the amplified fragments identified the Chinese strains of sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV-CH), sweet potato latent virus (SPLV-CH), and sweet potato virus G (SPVG-CH). Among the detected potyviruses, a distantly related strain of SPFMV-CH, tentatively named SPFMV-CH2, was identified in sweet potatoes from China. On the basis of sequence identity, SPFMV-CH2 was closely related to the common (-C) strain of that virus. Identification of a closely related strain of SPVG-CH in one sweet potato clone from China further illustrated the usefulness of broad-spectrum PCR for detecting uncharacterized viruses. The acquisition of sequence information permitted the design of virus-specific primers for detecting and differentiating SPFMV, SPLV, and SPVG.
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Rosenman, Jeremy, Christopher S. McIntosh, Giri Raj Aryal, and Phil Nolte. "Planting a Problem: Examining the Spread of Seed-Borne Potato Virus Y." Plant Disease 103, no. 9 (2019): 2179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-18-2004-sr.
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Potato virus Y (PVY) is among the most economically impactful potato pathogens, yet the spread of PVY from infected seed potatoes within commercial potato fields has not been adequately studied. Test lots containing various seed-borne PVY levels were created by mixing different proportions of seed pieces from healthy and infected tubers drawn from the same seed source. These seed lots were planted in commercial potato fields near the Teton Seed Potato Management Area from 2010 to 2012. Regression analyses on data from these test plots produced models of the in-season spread of PVY originating from infected seed. Conventional ordinary least squares techniques were supplemented with the use of quantile regression; the resulting models indicate the significance of seed-borne PVY on end-of-season infection levels and highlight the need of seed potato buyers to review postharvest testing results.
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Elwan, Esraa A., Engy E. Abdel Aleem, Faiza A. Fattouh, Kelsie J. Green, Lisa T. Tran, and Alexander V. Karasev. "Occurrence of Diverse Recombinant Strains of Potato virus Y Circulating in Potato Fields in Egypt." Plant Disease 101, no. 8 (2017): 1463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-17-0275-re.
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Potato is one of the staple crops in Egypt, grown under irrigation almost continuously year-round. Potato virus Y (PVY) has been reported as one of the main viruses affecting potatoes in Egypt, but limited information is available on PVY strains circulating in potato fields in the country. From 2014 to 2016, virus surveys were conducted in several potato-growing governorates of Egypt, and PVY-positive samples were found to represent at least five distinct recombinant PVY strains, including PVYNTN and PVYN-Wi. Whole genome sequences were determined for four isolates representing strains PVY-SYR-III (Egypt7), PVY-261-4 (Egypt11), PVYNTNa (Egypt35), and a novel recombinant named Egypt24 that combined molecular properties of strains PVY-261-4 and PVY-Wilga156var. At least three recombinants found in Egypt in potato were previously found associated with potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD). The identification of multiple recombinant types of PVY in potato in Egypt, including the novel recombinant Egypt24, suggests a wide presence of PTNRD-inducing virus strains in the country.
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Volkov, D., А. Аrgynbayeva, D. Daurov, et al. "ACCELERATED PRODUCTION OF VIRUS-FREE POTATO PLANTING MATERIAL USING A BIOREACTOR." REPORTS 5, no. 333 (2020): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1483.119.
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Potato production is one of the key branches of crop production that determines the food security of Kazakhstan. The Republic needs over 800,000 tons of seed potatoes per year. In addition to seed potatoes, which are grown in Kazakhstan, about 30,000 tons of seed potatoes are imported annually, while about 80% of this volume is imported from the Netherlands through private companies [1]. In 2018, 193.0 thousand hectares were occupied under potatoes in Kazakhstan, while the gross harvest amounted to 3806.9 thousand tons. At the same time, the yield in 2018 was only 19.8 t/ha. While in neighboring Uzbekistan in 2018, the yield was 33.68 t/ha, the maximum yield in New Zealand in 2018 was about 50.41 t/ha[2]. It is known that one of the main reasons for low potato yield is low-quality seed material. In Kazakhstan, mainly after obtaining virus-free plants in vitro through meristem culture, minitubers are obtained from them in most technological processes; in rare cases, microtubers are obtained from meristem plants in vitro and then minitubers from them. Research has shown that the bioreactor can massively clone meristem plants and get full-fledged virus-free microtubules reducing a significant proportion of manual labor, thereby reducing the impact on the result of the human factor, reduce infections, and reduce labor costs and material costs.
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Thomas, P. E., W. K. Kaniewski, and E. C. Lawson. "Reduced Field Spread of Potato Leafroll Virus in Potatoes Transformed with the Potato Leafroll Virus Coat Protein Gene." Plant Disease 81, no. 12 (1997): 1447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.12.1447.
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Russet Burbank potato was transformed with plant expression vectors containing the potato leafroll luteovirus (PLRV) coat protein (CP) gene. Transgenic potato lines contained a gene expression cassette with two copies of a PLRV CP gene in which the nucleotide sequence was modified to improve expression of the gene. In addition, the two copies of the PLRV CP gene were each driven by a different promoter. Field test screening for PLRV resistance identified 15 lines which showed moderate resistance to PLRV infection and virus titer build-up and a longer incubation period for systemic infection. By conducting field resistance assays during a period when the vector of PLRV was not present, it was possible to test whether the observed resistance was sufficient to restrict aphid transmission of PLRV in a field test. Two years of field testing demonstrated that PLRV-spread from an infected plant to adjacent healthy plants of the same line was severely restricted in nearly all the transgenic lines in the field. These lines have useful resistance to PLRV and could aid in managing PLRV disease in Russet Burbank potato.
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Whitworth, J. L., and J. M. Crosslin. "Detection of Potato mop top virus (Furovirus) on potato in southeast Idaho." Plant Disease 97, no. 1 (2013): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-12-0707-pdn.
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In February 2012, commercially produced potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers, cv. Modoc, grown in southeast Idaho, were observed with internal necrotic arcs and lines. Samples were obtained from potatoes that had been washed and packaged. No external symptoms were evident. Multiple samples were collected from the packing line and cut to check for internal defects as part of the normal grading procedure. The incidence of symptomatic tubers from these samples was determined by personnel at the packaging facility to be approximately 3%. Initially, one symptomatic and one asymptomatic tuber were tested. Total RNA extracted from these tubers were tested by RT-PCR at Aberdeen, Idaho, with primers specific for Potato mop top virus (PMTV) (1) and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) (4). RT-PCR results showed that the symptomatic tuber produced a band at 416 bp with the PMTV primers, which was also present in the PMTV-positive control. No amplification was observed with the TRV primers. The asymptomatic tuber was negative for both PMTV and TRV. Subsequently, total RNA from four additional symptomatic tubers from the same lot were tested at USDA-ARS in Prosser, WA, by RT-PCR for TRV (4) and with a different set primers for PMTV (2). The tests included two PMTV-positive controls from cv. Alturas tubers (1), a healthy cv. Russet Burbank control, and a water control. Results showed that amplified products of 460 bp were obtained with the PMTV primers for the four symptomatic tubers and the same tubers were negative for TRV. In addition, symptomatic tissue from the four tubers tested positive for PMTV by ELISA using a commercially available kit (Adgen, Ayr, Scotland). Symptomless Russet Burbank tubers and water controls were negative in RT-PCR and ELISA tests. The 460 bp PMTV amplicon from two symptomatic Modoc tubers were cloned and sequenced. The sequences were identical and the sequence (GenBank Accession No. JX239990) was 100% identical to the corresponding sequences of PMTV isolates from North Dakota (HM776172) and Finland (AM503632). There was one nucleotide difference from the corresponding sequence of a PMTV isolate from Washington (JN132117). To our knowledge, this is the first published report of PMTV in Idaho and confirms that PMTV exists in southeast Idaho. A previous report made by Canada in 2004 (Plant Dis. 88:363) indicates that PMTV was found in multiple states and provinces, but no specific locations were identified. This report follows reports of PMTV in commercial potatoes in Washington (1), North Dakota (2), and Maine (3). In 2011, 129,000 hectares of potatoes were grown in Idaho, representing 29% of the fall grown potatoes in the United States. PMTV can cause quality problems and as evidenced by these samples with no external symptoms, problems may be compounded because of internal symptoms that may go undetected. The confirmation of PMTV alerts growers and processors to the presence of this virus in this important potato-producing state. References: (1) J. M. Crosslin. Plant Dis. 95:1483, 2011. (2) N. David et al.Plant Dis. 94:1506, 2010. (3) D. H. Lambert et al.Plant Dis. 87:872, 2003. (4) D. J. Robinson. J. Virol. Methods 40:57, 1992.
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ISMAGILOV, Rafael, Ilgiz ASYLBAEV, Nuriya URAZBAKHTINA, Denis ANDRIYANOV, and Firdavis AVSAKHOV. "GROWING OF VIRUS-FREE POTATO SEED TUBERS IN THE AEROPONIC PLANT." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 35 (2020): 791–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n35.2020.67_ismagilov_pgs_791_799.pdf.
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Throughout the world, potatoes, as a food crop, are very important. One of the main reasons for the poor quality of planting material, yield and potatoes themselves are viral infections. The use of virus-free seed material is one of the high-potential ways to increase the yield and efficiency of potato production. Aeroponics is a promising direction in obtaining a virus-protected crop. This study aimed to assess the potential and improve the technology for growing healthy mini-tubers of potatoes using the aeroponic method, which is a safe and economical method. Compared to the usual method of growing crops, aeroponics assumes lower water and energy costs per unit of production, as well as excludes soil diseases of the plant and does not allow damage to the tuber caused by pests. For growing different varieties of crops in different regions, artificial conditions such as additional lighting in greenhouses can be easily provided. In this study, economic calculations have shown that, from a practical point of view, Aeroponics technology may be appropriate for large-scale production of seed potatoes.
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Damayanti, T. A., O. J. Alabi, S. H. Hidayat, J. M. Crosslin, and R. A. Naidu. "First Report of Potato virus Y in Potato in West Java, Indonesia." Plant Disease 98, no. 2 (2014): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-13-0745-pdn.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important vegetable crop in Indonesia. A small survey was conducted for virus diseases in November 2011 in Lembang, West Java, as part of assessing the sanitary status of potatoes produced in farmers' fields. Among the six potato fields surveyed, one field had nearly 20% of plants displaying stunted growth with leaves showing mild chlorotic spots and reduced size of lamina. Tubers harvested from symptomatic plants showed no necrosis symptoms. Symptomatic leaves from three representative potato plants were positive for Potato virus Y (PVY) when tested with PVY-specific immunostrips (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). Leaf samples from virus-positive plants were imprinted on FTA Classic Cards (Whatman International Ltd., Maidstone, UK), air dried, and shipped to Washington State University for confirmatory diagnostic tests. Total nucleic acids were eluted from FTA cards (1) and subjected to reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using primers (PVY/Y4A and PVY/Y3S) specific to the coat protein (CP) of PVY (3). Nucleic acid extracts from samples infected with PVY ordinary strain (PVYO), tuber necrosis strain (PVYNTN), tobacco veinal necrosis strains (PVYEU-N and PVYNA-N), and a recombinant strain (PVYN:O) were included as standards to validate RT-PCR assays. The approximately 480-bp DNA fragment, representing a portion of the CP, amplified in RT-PCR was cloned into pCR2.1 (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA). DNA isolated from four independent recombinant clones was sequenced from both orientations. Pairwise comparison of these sequences (GenBank Accession Nos. KF261310 to 13) showed 100% identity among themselves and 93 to 100% identity with corresponding sequences of reference strains of PVY available in GenBank (JQ743609 to 21). To our knowledge, this study represents the first confirmed report of PVY in potato in West Java, Indonesia. Studies are in progress to assess the prevalence of PVY in other potato-growing regions of Indonesia and document the presence of different strains of the virus (2). Since the majority of farmers in Indonesia plant seed selected from their previous potato crop, there is an increased risk of primary and secondary spread of PVY through the informal seed supply system, leading to its increased significance to potato production in Indonesia. Therefore, strengthening foundation seed potato and supply chain programs will promote the production of virus-free potatoes in Indonesia. References: (1) O. J. Alabi et al. Plant Dis. 96:107, 2012. (2) A. Karasev and S. M. Gray. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:7, 2013. (3) R. P. Singh et al. J. Virol. Methods 59:189, 1996.
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Goth, Robert W., Peter J. Ellis, Gerda de Villiers, E. W. Goins, and N. S. Wright. "Characteristics and Distribution of Potato Latent Carlavirus (Red LaSoda Virus) in North America." Plant Disease 83, no. 8 (1999): 751–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.8.751.
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A carlavirus (code name RLSV and subsequently named potato latent carlavirus, PotLV) with serological and biological characteristics different from those of potato M carlavirus (PVM) and potato S carlavirus (PVS) was detected in the potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivar Red LaSoda by the Scottish Agricultural Science Agency in 1992. During a routine electron microscope testing of accessions in the Vancouver Collection of Virus-Free Potatoes growing in the California winter test in 1993, a filamentous rod-shaped virus similar to PVS and PVM was found in a Red LaSoda clone from Nebraska. The virus was isolated and purified. The monoclonal antibody, MAb 4E12, which is highly specific to the PotLV virus, was developed. From 1994 to 1998, the accessions in the Vancouver Collection of Virus-Free Potatoes were assayed by triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) using the 4E12 MAb. Seven accessions tested from 1994 to 1996 were infected with PotLV. None of the 270 and 267 accessions in this collection tested positive for this virus in 1997 and 1998, respectively. In 1997 and 1998, the 137 accessions in the U.S. National Varietal Collection maintained at Presque Isle, Maine, were also assayed using the 4E12 MAb. The cultivars High Plains, Platte, and Red LaSoda were the only accessions that tested positive for PotLV. Nicotiana benthamiana, N. megalosiphon, and N. occidentalis are new systemic hosts for PotLV. TAS-ELISA with the 4E12 MAb is now part of the standardized test for PotLV in Canada.
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Marczewski, Waldemar, Bogdan Flis, Jerzy Syller, Ralf Schäfer-Pregl, and Christiane Gebhardt. "A Major Quantitative Trait Locus for Resistance to Potato leafroll virus Is Located in a Resistance Hotspot on Potato Chromosome XI and Is Tightly Linked to N-Gene-Like Markers." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 14, no. 12 (2001): 1420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.12.1420.
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Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) causes one of the most widespread and important virus diseases in potato. Resistance to PLRV is controlled by genetic factors that limit plant infection by viruliferous aphids or virus multiplication and accumulation. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of resistance to virus accumulation revealed one major and two minor QTL. The major QTL, PLRV.1, mapped to potato chromosome XI in a resistance hotspot containing several genes for qualitative and quantitative resistance to viruses and other potato pathogens. This QTL explained between 50 and 60% of the phenotypic variance. The two minor QTL mapped to chromosomes V and VI. Genes with sequence similarity to the tobacco N gene for resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus were tightly linked to PLRV.1. The cDNA sequence of an N-like gene was used to develop the sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker N1271164 that can assist in the selection of potatoes with resistance to PLRV.
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Kastalyeva, T., K. Mozhaeva, S. M. Thompson, J. R. Clark, and R. A. Owens. "Recovery of Four Novel Potato spindle tuber viroid Sequence Variants from Russian Seed Potatoes." Plant Disease 91, no. 4 (2007): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-4-0469c.
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First described in the early 1930s, the limited distribution of potato “gothic” disease made it of little economic significance in European Russia until the early 1970s when meristem-tip culture was widely adopted throughout the former USSR to increase production of virus-free seed potatoes. Shortly thereafter, the yield and quality of Russian seed potatoes began a dramatic decline. Symptoms of potato “gothic” resemble those of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) (3), and initial suspicions that in vitro plantlets and seed potatoes might be viroid-infected were later proved correct when Kastalyeva et al. (2) showed that approximately 50 to 70% of in vitro plantlets and tubers collected from different regions of Russia as well as the in vitro germplasm collection maintained by the All-Russian Potato Research Institute (ARPRI) were infected with PSTVd. Measures have since been taken to reduce the incidence of PSTVd infection, and numerous PSTVd isolates were collected from territories of the former USSR; however, none of these isolates have been characterized at the molecular level. Overlapping reverse transcription (RT)-PCR products (1) were generated from four PSTVd isolates maintained in field-grown tubers at the VNIIF using two pairs of primers; PSTVd180F (5′-TCACCCTTCCTTTCTTCGGGTGTC-3′) + PSTVd179R (5′-AAACCCTGTTTCGGCGGGAATTAC-3′) and PSTVd112F (5′-ACT GGCAAAAAAGGACGGTGGGGA-3′) + PSTVd359R (5′-AGGAACC AACTGCGGTTCCAAGGG-3′). Automated sequence analysis of the resulting uncloned PCR products revealed the presence of four previously unknown PSTVd variants (GenBank Accession Nos. EF044302-EF044305). All four tubers were also infected with Potato virus M and Potato virus Y and one tuber also contained Potato virus S. ELISA tests for Potato leaf roll virus were negative. Each isolate appeared to contain only a single 358–359 nt variant differing from PSTVd-intermediate strain (GenBank Accession No. V01465) at 2–5 positions. The three closely related variants originating from Leningradskaya Province (Northwest Russia) contain two to three changes in the variable domain and central conserved region and induced intermediate symptoms in Rutgers tomato. The fourth variant originating from Samarskaya Province (Volga River Region) contains additional changes in the pathogenicity domain and induced mild symptoms. Minor differences among the Leningradskaya variants may represent sequence drift during extended (9 to 11 year) tuber passage. The presence of additional sequence changes in the variant from Samarskaya is consistent with independent origin and/or prolonged separation. Additional studies with a wider range of Russian isolates of PSTVd are currently underway to develop diagnostic methods suitable for future large-scale screening programs. References: (1) Y. Hu et al. Virology 219:45, 1997. (2) T. B. Kastalyeva et al. Vestn. RASKHN 3:22, 1992. (3) Y. A. Leontyeva. Potato spindle tuber (‘gothic’) as one of the most important diseases in the Volga region. (In Russian.) Ph.D. thesis. Agricultural University of Leningrad, Pushkin, 1971.
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Dusi, André Nepomuceno, Cristiane Lopes de Oliveira, Paulo Eduardo de Melo, and Antonio Carlos Torres. "Resistance of genetically modified potatoes to Potato virus Y under field conditions." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 44, no. 9 (2009): 1127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2009000900009.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance of genetically modified clones of potato to Potato virus Y (PVY) under field conditions. Genetically modified plants were compared with nontransformed plants of the same cultivar. The plots were flanked with potato plants infected with both PVYº and PVY N strains (spread lines), in order to provide the experimental area with the source of virus, which was naturally spread by the native aphid population. The experiment was weekly monitored by visual inspections and by DAS-Elisa in the plants produced from the harvested tubers, in order to evaluate the resistance of transgenic plants throughout the plant growth cycle. By the end of the third year, no infection symptoms were observed in the 1P clone; clone 63P showed 1% of infection, in contrast to about 90% of nontransformed plants infected. The stable expression of resistance to PVY provided by the coat protein gene was obtained in genetically modified clones of potato plants cultivar Achat under field conditions, during three consecutive years.
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Rashid, M., Y. Y. Li, Y. Wang, and C. G. Han. "First Report of Potato virus H Infecting Potatoes in Bangladesh." Plant Disease 103, no. 5 (2019): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-18-1932-pdn.
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Rashid, M., X. Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, and C. G. Han. "First Report of Potato Virus S Infecting Potatoes in Bangladesh." Plant Disease 103, no. 4 (2019): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-18-1537-pdn.
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Swiezynski, K. M., M. A. Dziewonska, and K. Ostrowska. "Resistance to the Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV) in Diploid Potatoes." Plant Breeding 103, no. 3 (1989): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00375.x.
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SAUCKE, H., and T. F. DORING. "Potato virus Y reduction by straw mulch in organic potatoes." Annals of Applied Biology 144, no. 3 (2004): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2004.tb00350.x.
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Swiezyński, K. M., M. A. Dziewońska, and K. Ostrowska. "Reaction to the potato leafroll virus (PLRV) in diploid potatoes." Potato Research 31, no. 2 (1988): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02365537.
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Milosevic, Drago, Slobodan Milenkovic, Pantelija Peric, and Svetomir Stamenkovic. "The effects of monitoring the abundance and species composition of aphids as virus vectors on seed potato production in Serbia." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 29, no. 1 (2014): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1401009m.
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Aphids are the most important vectors of potato viruses during the crop?s growing season. The most widespread and damaging viruses, the potato virus Y and potato leaf roll virus, are transmitted by aphids in non-persistent and persistent manner, respectively. The two viruses cause the greatest concern of potato producers and a great constraint to seed potato production in Serbia, the region and across the world. Potato virus Y is particularly harmful, given its distribution and spreading rate. Seed potato production systems under well-managed conditions involve a series of virus control measures, including the monitoring of outbreaks of winged aphids, their abundance and species composition, in order to forecast virosis, i.e. potential plant and tuber infection periods. Monitoring the aphid vectors of potato viruses enables determination of optimum dates for haulm destruction when higher than normal numbers of winged aphids as vectors of economically harmful diseases have been observed. Haulm destruction in a potato crop reduces the risk of plant infection and virus translocation from the aboveground parts to tubers, thus keeping the proportion of infected tubers within tolerance limits allowed for certain categories of seed potatoes. This practice has positive effects if used in combination with other viral disease control measures; otherwise, it becomes ineffective. This paper provides an integral analysis of the effects and role of monitoring outbreaks of aphids, their abundance and species composition in timing haulm growth termination to prevent plant infection, virus translocation and tuber infestation in potato crops in Serbia and the wider region.
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Jafarpour, B., DS Teakle, and JE Thomas. "Incidence of Potato Viruses S and X and Potato Leafroll Virus in Potatoes in Queensland." Australasian Plant Pathology 17, no. 1 (1988): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/app9880004.
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Stasevski, Zenon, and Olga N. Ilinskaya. "PVYNTN-CP coat protein gene mediated virus resistance of transgenic potato plants." Ecological genetics 7, no. 4 (2009): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen7441-50.
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PVY<sup style="line-height:1.6em">NTN</sup>-CP <span style="line-height:1.6em">coat protein gene from a necrotic strain of potato virus </span>Y (pvy<sup style="line-height:1.6em">ntn</sup>) <span style="line-height:1.6em">has been transferred into two potato </span>Solanum tuberosum L. <span style="line-height:1.6em">cultivars </span>Mindenes <span style="line-height:1.6em">and </span>Somogyi kifli via Agrobacterium tumefaciens <span style="line-height:1.6em">transformation. Expression of integrated PVY</span><sup style="line-height:1.6em">NTN</sup><span style="line-height:1.6em">-CP gene were confirmed for 33 (89 %) of 37 and 3 (75 %) of 4 kanamycin-resistant regenerants of potato cultivars Mindenes and Somogyi kifli respectively. The level of virus resistance against two virus strains </span>(PVY°, PVY<sup style="line-height:1.6em">NTN</sup>) <span style="line-height:1.6em">of independent lines of transgenic potatoes varied between extreme resistance to susceptibility. The three independent lines of transgenic potatoes proved to be extreme resistant against both PVY strains.</span>
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Abdel Aleem, Engy E., Radwa M. Taha, and Faiza A. Fattouh. "Biodiversity and full genome sequence of potato viruses Alfalfa mosaic virus and potato leaf roll virus in Egypt." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 73, no. 11-12 (2018): 423–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2018-0033.
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Abstract Solanum tuberosum (potato) is the second most important vegetable crop in Egypt. It is locally consumed, manufactured or supplied for export to Europe and other Arab countries. Potato is subject to infection by a number of plant viruses, which affect its yield and quality. Potato virus Y (PVY), potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), and Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) were detected in major potato-growing areas surveyed. Multiplex-RT-PCR assay was used for the detection of these three viruses in one reaction using three specific primer pairs designed to amplify genomic parts of each virus (1594 bp for PLRV, 795 bp for AMV, 801 bp for PVY). All three viruses were detected in a single reaction mixture in naturally infected field-grown potatoes. Multiplex RT-PCR improved sensitivity necessary for the early detection of infection. Incidence of single, double, or triple infection has been recorded in some locations. Full-length sequencing has been performed for an Egyptian FER isolate of PLRV. Through phylogenetic analysis, it was shown to occupy the same clade with isolate JokerMV10 from Germany. Complete nucleotide sequence of an Egyptian FER isolate of AMV and phylogenetic analysis was also performed; we propose that it is a new distinct strain of AMV belonging to a new subgroup IIC. This is the first complete nucleotide sequence of an Egyptian isolate of AMV. Genetic biodiversity of devastating potato viruses necessitates continuous monitoring of new genetic variants of such viruses.
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Reshotko, L. M., O. O. Dmitruk, and I. V. Volkova. "SPREAD OF VIRAL DISEASES OF POTATOES IN AGROCENOSIS OF THE CARPATHIAN ECONOMIC AREA." Agriciltural microbiology 30 (December 3, 2019): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.30.54-60.
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Objective. Determine the phytovirological condition of potato crops in the agrocenosis of Carpathian economic area on the basis of obtaining and systematisation of data on the composition of the viral population. Methods. The methods of visual and serological diagnostics, electronic microscopy (EM) of native specimens, biotesting were used to detect and identify potato viruses. For carrying out serological analyses, antisera were used to detect potato viruses obtained in the Virology Laboratory of the Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agroindustrial Manufacture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Results. The high level of contamination of potato plants by viral diseases was shown in western Ukraine in the Carpathian economic are, which includes the Region of Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Zakarpattia and Chernivtsi. According to the results of immunological studies in plants of examined varieties of potatoes of Ukrainian and foreign breeding, M-, S-, Y-potato viruses were identified, both as mono-infection and in the composition of pathogenic complexes. It was found that the spread of viral infection in potato varieties reaches 25-100%, latent damage to plants — 53%. The results of field testing show a high degree of contamination of potato crops and a change in the species composition of viral pathogens. In 2019, 68.7% of the selected plant material was identified as contaminated by MPV, 50% — by YPV and 40.6% — by SPV. No X- and A-viruses of potato previously diagnosed in potato agrocenoses were detected. Analysis of varietal samples revealed viruses in plants of 87.5% of varieties: in most samples the M-virus of potatoes was detected both with manifestation of twisting, wrinkling of leaves, weak mosaic in pathogenic complexes (MPV + SPV — 15.6%; MPV + YPV — 15.6%; MPV + SPV + YPV) and in case of latent infection (37.5%). Y potato virus was found in plants 50.0% for the manifestation of mosaic in the pathogenic complexes MPV + YPV — 15.6%; SPV + YPV — 6.2%; MPV + SPV + YPV — 18.7% and monoinfection — 9.37%. Conclusion. The spread of potato viral diseases in the agrocenoses of western Ukraine necessitates the careful protection and constant phytovirological control of seed material, detection of viral pathologies, identification of their pathogens using laboratory methods and modern diagnostic means.
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Pechenkina, V., and S. Boronnikova. "Infection With X and Y Viruses of Planting Material of Potato Varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) Grown in the Perm Krai." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 5 (2020): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/54/24.
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Monitoring of potato varieties phytosanitary status is a necessary measure of its stable yield, since due to the vegetative propagation method, the accumulation of viruses increases over generations. Fourteen varieties of Solanum tuberosum L. grown in the Perm Territory were studied for infection with the potato viruses PVX (X) and PVY (Y). Among them six (Rosara, Impala, Aladdin, Lady Claire, Gala, Madeira) are varieties of foreign selection, and 8 varieties (Golubizna, Udacha, Krasavchik, Charodei, Nevsky, Otrada, Tescha, Elizaveta) — domestic selection. Real-time PCR method was used for material investigation, since it allows quick and efficient evaluation of plant material for the presence of viral infection. During real-time PCR Y potato virus was detected in all 90 samples of 14 studied potato varieties from three storage locations. Potato X virus was detected in 54 samples of 11 studied potato varieties from three different storage locations. It was established that the studied planting material of all 14 varieties of potatoes is infected with the Y virus, which affects crop yields to a greater extent. Private households are most susceptible to infection of planting material with X and Y potato viruses. Recommendations are given on reducing the viral diseases of potato planting material.
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Coutts, B. A., and R. A. C. Jones. "Potato virus Y: Contact Transmission, Stability, Inactivation, and Infection Sources." Plant Disease 99, no. 3 (2015): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-14-0674-re.
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In glasshouse experiments, two isolates of Potato virus Y ‘O’ strain (PVYO) were transmitted from infected to healthy potato plants by direct contact when leaves were rubbed against each other, when cut surfaces of infected tubers were rubbed onto leaves, and to a limited extent, when blades contaminated with infective sap were used to cut healthy potato tubers. However, no tuber-to-tuber transmission occurred when blades were used to cut healthy tubers after cutting infected tubers. When leaf sap from potato plants infected with two PVYO isolates was kept at room temperature, it was highly infective for 6 to 7 h and remained infectious for up to 28 h. Also, when sap from infected leaves with one isolate was applied to five surfaces (cotton, hessian, metal, rubber vehicle tire, and wood) and left to dry for up to 24 h before each surface was rubbed onto healthy tobacco plants, PVYO remained infective for 24 h on tire and metal, 6 h on cotton and hessian, and 3 h on wood. The effectiveness of disinfectants at inactivating this isolate was evaluated by adding them to sap from infected leaves which was then rubbed onto healthy tobacco plants. None of the plants became infected when bleach (42 g/liter sodium hypochlorite, diluted 1:4) or Virkon-S (potassium peroxymonosulfate 50% wt/wt, diluted to 1%) was used. A trace of infection remained after using nonfat milk powder (20% wt/vol). PVY infection sources were studied in 2011–2012 in the main potato growing regions of southwest Australia. In tests on >17,000 potato leaf samples, PVY was detected at low levels in seed (4/155) and ware (6/51) crops. It was also detected in volunteer potatoes from a site with a previous history of PVY infection in a seed crop. None of the 15 weed species tested were PVY infected. Plants of Solanum nigrum were symptomlessly infected with PVYO after sap inoculation, and no seed transmission was detected (>2,500 seeds). This study demonstrates PVYO can be transmitted by contact and highlights the need to include removal of volunteer potatoes and other on-farm hygiene practices (decontaminating tools, machinery, clothing, etc.) in integrated disease management strategies for PVY in potato crops.
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Rogozina, E. V., N. V. Mironenko, N. A. Chalaya, Yu Matsushita, and H. Yanagisawa. "Potato mosaic viruses which infect plants of tuber-bearing Solanum spp. growing in the VIR field gene bank." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 23, no. 3 (2019): 304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj19.495.
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Potato crop is particularly affected by virus diseases, and potato virus Y (PVY) currently considered the most important pathogen distributed worldwide as a diversity of strains. Wild and cultivated tuber-bearing species of the genus Solanum L., stored in the VIR collection, are used as the initial material in creation domestic potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) resistant to virus diseases. The preservation and rational utilization of the potato collection is based on regular phytosanitary monitoring, including quarantine objects, foremost PSTVd (potato spindle tuber viroid). The aim of the work is to examine plants of tuber-bearing Solanum species in the field gene bank of VIR for the presence of PSTVd and PVX (potato virus X), PVS (potato virus S), PVM (potato virus M) and PVY, which are the most common viruses on potatoes in the North-West District of Russia. We examined clonal plants of 137 genotypes representing 31 species of the section Petota of the genus Solanum L. A diagnostic was carried out using ELISA, RT-PCR and indicator plants. No PSTVd was found in the studied plants, but a plural infestation by mosaic viruses was detected, more than half of the tested clones are infected with two or more viruses. In the studied samples, only 17 genotypes (12 %) are not infected by PVX, PVS, PVM and PVY according to the ELISA test. There are statistically significant differences in the virus infestation of Solanum species with different origins, according to Pearson’s chi-squared test. Among the studied genotypes of wild relatives of potatoes, the proportion of those affected by PVY was significantly higher in the South American than in the North American species (χ2 = 4.56, p = 0.03); the proportion of genotypes affected by PVХ was significantly higher in the North American species (χ2 = 8.81, p = 0.003), the critical value was χ2 = 3.841. PVY strains were identified by multiplex RT-PCR in 37 genotypes of Solanum spp. We found that 27 genotypes are infected by a common PVYO strain, two genotypes are infected by PVYNW (A) and PVYNW (B) strains, respectively, seven genotypes are infected by a mixture of PVYO +PVYNW (A) strains, and one is infected by a mixture of PVYO +PVYNTN-NW (SYRI)+SYRIII strains. The recombinant strains of PVY are detected in the North-West District of Russia for the first time. Coherency of the results of PVY strains detection by various (immunological, molecular and biological) methods is discussed.
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Frost, Kenneth E., Russell L. Groves, and Amy O. Charkowski. "Integrated Control of Potato Pathogens Through Seed Potato Certification and Provision of Clean Seed Potatoes." Plant Disease 97, no. 10 (2013): 1268–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-13-0477-fe.
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Long-term data sets are rare in agriculture, and the impact of plant diseases on food production is challenging to measure, which makes it difficult to assess the impact of policy changes or research-based disease control efforts. Despite this challenge, it is clear that one of the largest impacts of biological research on food security over the past century has been in production of vegetatively propagated fruit and vegetable crops such as potato. The yield and quality of these crops is higher in countries that have effective plant propagation and certification systems. Of these systems, seed potato production and certification is among the most developed. We analyzed a dataset from a century-old seed potato certification program in Wisconsin to assess the efficacy for potato disease control and the cost of this program compared to other disease control and potato production costs. We found that over the past century, certification has gradually reduced the incidence of mechanically transmitted vascular potato pathogens that lack insect vectors to undetectable levels, and much of this reduction occurred prior to the use of tissue culture and the development of immunoassays. Rejection of seed lots from certification is now rare, with Potato virus Y (PVY), a virus spread nonpersistently by numerous, noncolonizing aphid species, and farmer errors being the main causes of rejection. PVY level increases occurred in 2000, coincident with the first detection of a new invasive vector, soybean aphid, in the Midwest. The increased PVY incidence was more pronounced in varieties that exhibit mild foliar symptoms. Starting in 2004, a decrease in PVY incidence occurred following comprehensive science-based changes to early generation seed potato production. The cost of the certification program has not increased in two decades, and the fees charged are comparable to those in 1913. The cooperative nature of the seed potato certification program has contributed to its sustainability across generations. However, looming soilborne disease problems are not easily addressed by certification and will likely cause significant challenges in the future.
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Lockhart, Benham E., and Shauna L. Mason. "The Potato Corky Ringspot Pathogen, Tobacco rattle virus, Occurs in Native Habitats in Minnesota." Plant Health Progress 12, no. 1 (2011): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2011-1028-01-br.
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When corky ringspot of potato, caused by Tobacco rattle virus, was first reported in Minnesota in 2008, it was thought that TRV did not occur naturally in Minnesota. Results reported here indicate that TRV occurs in Minnesota in areas with no known history of cultivation to potatoes or other crops, that these TRV isolates are variable, and that some are similar to virus isolated from potato with corky ringspot symptoms. These data suggest that corky ringspot incidence in Minnesota is due to the presence of endemic rather than introduced sources of TRV. Accepted for publication 10 September 2011. Published 28 October 2011.
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Onditi, J., and Kiarie Njoroge. "Identification of suitable parents and temperatures for breeding Potato virus Y (PVY) and Potato virus X (PVX) resistant potatoes." Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 2, no. 12 (2011): 1409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2011.2.12.1409.1415.
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Vallejo, R. L., W. W. Collins, and J. B. Young. "Inheritance of Resistance to Potato Virus Y and Potato Virus X in Hybrid Solanum phureja × S. stenotomum Diploid Potatoes." Journal of Heredity 86, no. 2 (1995): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111554.
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Thomas, Peter E., Keith S. Pike, and Gary L. Reed. "Role of Green Peach Aphid Flights in the Epidemiology of Potato Leaf Roll Disease in the Columbia Basin." Plant Disease 81, no. 11 (1997): 1311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.11.1311.
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Three distinct and highly predictable green peach aphid (GPA) (Myzus persicae) flights that occur seasonally in the spring, summer, and fall were detected at a southern, central, and northern location in the Columbia Basin of the Northwestern United States. Intensity and timing of the flights was approximately the same at the three locations. Timing and number of alatae captured in the spring and summer flights was associated with heat unit accumulation. The spring flight, which originates on the overwintering peach tree host, colonized but did not introduce potato leafroll virus (PLRV) into virus-free potato plots. The summer flight, which originates from volunteer potatoes and spring herbs originally colonized by the spring flight, did introduce PLRV into virus-free potatoes. The fall flight was too late to affect potato production. When plots contained a point source of PLRV, the virus spread rapidly in a plant-to-plant mode to all plants in plots after aphids arrived in the spring. Rate of spread from point sources of infection was not affected by timing or intensity of the spring flight, but timing of virus spread in the plots depended on time of arrival of the aphids. Once PLRV was introduced to virus-free plots by the summer flight, virus spread to other plants within the plots. GPA overwintered on peach trees. Although GPA apterae and alatae were present on winter annual weed and crop hosts in the fall, none survived winters on these species. In addition to the GPA, one other vector of PLRV, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, was rarely collected in aphid traps. These results suggest that chemical control of aphids could be delayed until mid-July if PLRV-free potato seed were available.
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Loebenstein, G., F. Akad, V. Filatov, et al. "Improved Detection of Potato Leafroll Luteovirus in Leaves and Tubers with a Digoxigenin-Labeled cRNA Probe." Plant Disease 81, no. 5 (1997): 489–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.5.489.
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A digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probe of approximately 2,100 bp was more than 2,000 times more sensitive in detecting potato leafroll virus (PLRV) in leaf extracts of Datura stramonium, Physalis floridana, and potatoes than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The limit of detecting PLRV with the probe was 1 pg/ml compared with 2 ng/ml by ELISA. The probe detected PLRV easily in dormant tuber tissues at dilutions of up to 1:100. There was no background reaction with healthy extracts. No reactions were observed between the probe and potato X potexvirus or potato Y potyvirus.