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Journal articles on the topic 'Potatoes Plant tissue culture'
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Wan, Waylen Y., Weixing Cao, and Theodore W. Tibbitts. "Tuber Initiation in Hydroponically Grown Potatoes by Alteration of Solution pH." HortScience 29, no. 6 (June 1994): 621–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.6.621.
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Because tuberization in potatoes (Solarium tuberosum L.) reportedly is inhibited when stolons are immersed in liquid, this study was conducted to determine the effect of intermittent pH reductions of the nutrient solution on tuber induction of potatoes in solution culture. Tissue-culture potato plantlets were transplanted into solutions maintained at pH 5.5. The pH of the nutrient solution was changed to 3.5 and 4.0 for 10 hours on each of three dates (30, 35, and 40 days after transplanting). For the pH 3.5 treatment, tubers were observed first on day 42 and averaged 140 tubers per plant at harvest on day 54. For the pH 4.0 treatment, tubers were observed first on day 48 and averaged 40 tubers per plant at harvest. At a constant pH 5.5, tubers were observed on day 52 and averaged two tubers per plant at harvest. Plants with the intermittent pH 3.5 had smaller shoots and roots with shorter and thicker stolons compared to constant pH 5.5. With the intermittent pH 4.0, plants were of similar size, but stolons were shorter and slightly thickener compared to those from pH 5.5. Mineral composition of leaf tissues at harvest was similar for the three pH treatments. These results indicate that regulation of solution pH can be a useful technique for inducing tuberization in potatoes.
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Perry, K. L., L. Miller, and L. Williams. "Impatiens necrotic spot virus in Greenhouse-Grown Potatoes in New York State." Plant Disease 89, no. 3 (March 2005): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0340c.
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Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV; genus Tospovirus) was detected in experimental greenhouse-grown potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and Nicotiana benthamiana in New York State in July and August of 2003 and 2004. Potato leaves exhibiting necrotic lesions with a concentric pattern similar to those induced by Tomato spotted wilt virus (1) were observed on cvs. Atlantic, Huckleberry, NY115, and Pentland Ivory. The presence of INSV was confirmed using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a rapid ‘ImmunoStrip’ assay (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN). INSV-specific sequences were amplified from total RNA extracts using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with ‘Tospovirus Group’ primers (Agdia, Inc.) and two independently amplified DNAs were sequenced. A common sequence of 355 nucleotides (GenBank Accession No. AY775324) showed 98% identity to coding sequences in an INSV L RNA. The virus was mechanically transmitted to potato and N. benthamiana and could be detected in asymptomatic, systemically infected potato leaves. Stems nodes and leaves were removed from infected potato plants, and sterile in vitro plantlets were established (2). None of the regenerated in vitro plantlets of cvs. Pentland Ivory (6 plantlets) or NY115 (5 plantlets) were infected with INSV. Two of ten regenerated cv. Atlantic plantlets initially tested positive, but INSV could not be detected after 6 months in tissue culture. In vitro tissue culture plantlets could not be established from infected cv. Huckleberry plants, even though they were consistently obtained from uninfected plants. Infected greenhouse plants were grown to maturity and the tubers harvested, stored for 6 months at 4°C, and replanted in the greenhouse. INSV could not be detected in plants from 26 cv. Huckleberry, 4 cv. NY115, or 4 cv. Atlantic tubers. Although this isolate of INSV was able to systemically infect potato, it was not efficiently maintained or transmitted to progeny tubers. This might explain why INSV has not been reported as a problem in potato production. Lastly, in both years, dying N. benthamiana provided the first sign of a widespread greenhouse infestation of INSV in a university facility housing ornamental and crop plants. INSV induced a systemic necrosis in N. benthamiana, and this host may be useful as a sensitive ‘trap’ plant indicator for natural infections in greenhouse production. References: (1) T. L. German. Tomato spotted wilt virus. Pages 72–73 in: Compendium of Potato Diseases. W. R. Stevenson et al., eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, 2001. (2) S. A. Slack and L. A. Tufford. Meristem culture for virus elimination. Pages 117–128 in: Fundamental Methods of Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture and Laboratory Operations. O. L. Gamborg and G. C. Philips, eds. Springer-Velag, Berlin, 1995.
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Karp, A., M. G. K. Jones, D. Foulger, N. Fish, and S. W. J. Bright. "Variability in potato tissue culture." American Potato Journal 66, no. 10 (October 1989): 669–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02853986.
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Kim, Irina, Elena Barsukova, Petr Fisenko, Tatyana Chekushkina, Alena Chibizova, Dmitry Volkov, and Alexey Klykov. "Applying methods of replication and recovery of potato microplants (Solanum tuberosum l.) in seed production." E3S Web of Conferences 203 (2020): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020302003.
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Potatoes are strongly affected by pests and by pathogens of fungal, bacterial and viral nature. The most common and economically significant potato viruses are Y (PVY), X (PVX), S (PVS), M (PVM), and potato leaf twisting virus (PLRV). The development of a virus-free bio-resource collection in vitro is the basis for plant breeding development and transferring seed production to a healthier foundation. In this regard, the aim of this research was to apply methods of recovery and select optimal conditions for in vitro propagation of a collection of virus-free potato varieties. A collection of 22 healthy virus-free potato varieties was developed and kept in vitro in the FSBSI “FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A. K. Chaika". The recovery from viruses through joint use of tissue culture (apexes 2-4 mm) and chemotherapy (ribavirin) of the new potato variety Avgustin was carried out. The recovered test-tube plants, as well as the samples of six in vitro potato varieties that are in demand in plant breeding and seed production (Smak, Sante, Yantar, Zhukovsky ranny, Dachny, Adretta), were tested by enzyme immunoassay method (ELISA) for latent infection with viruses Y (PVY), X (PVX), S (PVS), M (PVM), and L (PLRV). The evaluation for Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid (PSTVd) was performed using PCR method. As a result of the study, no viral infections were detected in the recovered material and plants in vitro. The composition of nutrient medium for the microclonal propagation of potatoes that provides maximum value of the propagation rate is detected.
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Smith, MK, and RA Drew. "Current Applications of Tissue Culture in Plant Propagation and Improvement." Functional Plant Biology 17, no. 3 (1990): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9900267.
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Plant tissue culture involves the culture of all types of plant cells, tissues and organs under aseptic conditions. This definition also extends to the culture of excised embryos and to protoplast culture. An overview of tissue culture techniques and their applications in plant propagation and genetic improvement of plants is presented. The areas under review include: (1) embyro culture, (2) meristem culture, (3) micropropagation, (4) somatic embryogenesis, (5) somaclonal variation, (6) in vitro selection, (7) anther culture and (8) protoplast culture. Problems and limitations of each of the techniques are also discussed. Examples are given of work that has been undertaken or that is currently in progress on the application of these techniques to the improvement of Queensland's subtropical horticultural industries. Key examples are: (1) embryo culture to facilitate incorporation of genes conferring disease-resistance from wild Cucurbita species into cultivated varieties, (2) meristem culture for virus elimination in strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), (3) micropropagation for rapid increase in new varieties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and pineapple (Ananas comosus) to enable more rapid field evaluation and early release, (4) micropropagation of disease-free, genetically uniform planting material of superior female papaya (Carica papaya) selections and banana (Musa spp.) selections and (5) the use of somaclonal variation and gamma-irradiation for the genetic improvement of banana. Finally, future opportunities for the utilisation of tissue culture in plant propagation and improvement in Queensland's horticultural industries are summarised.
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Abughnia, Elmundr, Salem Hammud, Ahmed shaaban, Kheiry Keer, and Arij shaheen. "Effect of light specters (red and blue) on two-potato varieties tissue (spunta and Agria)." Journal of Misurata University for Agricultural Sciences, no. 01 (October 6, 2019): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.02.
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This study was carried out in plant tissue culture laboratory which belong to bio technology research center in order to test the effect of raid and blue spectral light colors and white lighting as a control and white fluorescent lamps as a second control on plant growth stages while two potato variety ( Spunta , Agria) were used in this experiment . potato plant samples were collected and cultured in special jars contain MS media after being sterilized by Clorox solution in order to avoid the any contamination risk , while the culture stage of the explant started in sterilized condition in sited the hood cabinet, wherever the culture stage completed the cultured plants were placed in the growth room under controlled condition with raid , blue and normal light condition. The obtained results showed that the wait normal color treatment was significantly higher than the other two treatments in plant length factor for the tow used potato variety, while for the number of leaves factor the results showed that the normal light color treatment was significantly higher than the other two treatments in plant number of leaves factor followed by raid color treatment in the two used variety Spunta and Agria while the Raid color treatment scored average of leaves (23.9, 23.3 ) leaf respectively.
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Espinoza, N. O., R. Estrada, D. Silva-Rodriguez, P. Tovar, R. Lizarraga, and J. H. Dodds. "The Potato: A Model Crop Plant for Tissue Culture." Outlook on Agriculture 15, no. 1 (March 1986): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708601500104.
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Conn, Kenneth L., George Lazarovits, and Jerzy Nowak. "A gnotobiotic bioassay for studying interactions between potatoes and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-117.
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A gnotobiotic bioassay, using potato plantlets derived from single-node explants and grown in test tubes containing potato nodal cutting medium (PNCM), was found to be highly useful for investigations of direct growth promotion by a nonfluorescent Pseudomonas sp. strain PsJN. Strain PsJN was used to optimize and evaluate this bioassay for purposes of screening other rhizosphere bacteria and identification of Tn5 mutants of strain PsJN deficient in growth-promoting properties. The selection of potato cultivar used in this bioassay was critical, as growth promotion of potatoes by strain PsJN was cultivar specific. Inoculated plantlets of cultivars Norchip, Kennebec, Shepody, and Chaleur showed, in root dry weight, a five- to eight-fold increase, two- to three-fold increase, no response, and a decrease of 50%, respectively. Haulm dry weight followed similar trends but was not as consistent an indicator of growth promotion. Bioassay results were not altered to any extent by minor changes in PNCM composition or by slight changes in temperature and light conditions. A rapid method for preparation of bacterial suspensions and inoculation of explants was developed. Inoculation of three explants taken from 6-week-old stock plantlets of cv. Kennebec for each Tn5 transconjugate of strain PsJN (total of 1500 transconjugates) enabled the elimination of 93% of those isolates that retained growth-promoting activity. The remaining 7% of isolates were retested and seven were confirmed to have lost growth-promoting ability. Bacteria from different genera were also screened with this bioassay. None of these bacteria increased the growth of potato plantlets, but several inhibited root and haulm growth.Key words: plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, gnotobiotic, tissue culture, nonfluorescent pseudomonad, bacterium, potato.
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Ehsanpour, Ali Akbar, and Zeynab Nejati. "Effect of nanosilver on potato plant growth and protoplast viability." Biological Letters 50, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/biolet-2013-0004.
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Abstract Potato tissue culture is sensitive to ethylene accumulation in the culture vessel. Ag inhibits ethylene action but no information on nanosilver application in potato tissue culture has been published so far. In our study, potato cv. White Desiree was treated with nanosilver (0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ppm) in vitro. Leaf surface was increased, while stem length and root length decreased. Nanosilver caused also a decrease in the number of isolated protoplasts and in the viability of isolated protoplasts when applied either directly or indirectly.
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Bailey, E., N. Deighton, S. A. Clulow, B. A. Goodman, and E. E. Benson. "Changes in free radical profiles during the callogenesis of responsive and recalcitrant potato genotypes." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 102 (1994): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000014160.
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Changes of the in vitro morphogenetic state may be achieved for some potato genotypes, but others are unresponsive (recalcitrant). Although the biochemical basis for somatic recalcitrance is unknown, evidence suggests that two different aspects of oxidative stress may be involved. Phenolic oxidation is a major problem in manipulating cultures of woody plant species (Thorpe & Harry 1990) and lipid peroxidation has been associated with recalcitrance in monocotyledonous plants (Cutler et al. 1989; Benson et al. 1992). Both oxidative phenomena are believed to be free-radical mediated, but to date there is no reported direct evidence for the formation of free radicals during plant tissue culture callogenesis. The objectives of the present study were twofold; to assess the feasibility of using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to detect free radicals directly in plant tissue cultures and to investigate free radical activity during dedifferentiation of responsive and unresponsive potato genotypes.
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Teixeira Da Silva, Jaime A. "Novel Factors Affecting Shoot Culture of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × Grandiflora)." Botanica Lithuanica 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botlit-2014-0004.
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Abstract Teixeira da Silva J.A., 2014: Novel factors affecting shoot culture of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × grandiflora) [Alternatyvių standiklių, skystų terpės priedų, CO2 sodrinimo ir kitų faktorių įtaka chrizantemų (Dendranthema × grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitamura) ūglių kultūrų auginimui]. - Bot. Lith., 20(1): 27-40. Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitamura) continues to be one of the most important ornamental plants in the world. Although the tissue culture of chrysanthemum has been widely explored, several unexplored topics remain, and, in developing countries, there is always the constant search for reducing the cost of raising tissue cultured plants. In this study, by focusing on a leading market cultivar in Japan, ‘Shuhouno- chikara’, alternatives to agar (as the gelling agent) and sucrose (as the carbon source) for chrysanthemum tissue culture were sought. Both Gellan gum and agar resulted in greater shoot and root production than all other gelling agents tested, including Bacto agar, phytagel, oatmeal agar, potato dextrose agar, barley starch and corn starch. All of the alternative liquid-based medium additives tested (low and full fat milk, Coca-cola ®, coffee, Japanese green, Oolong and Darjeeling teas) negatively impacted plant growth, stunted roots and decreased chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of leaves. There was no difference between plants grown on medium with refined sucrose or table sugar, although poor growth was observed when stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) extract was used. Photoautotrophic micropropagation increased significantly the shoot mass relative to control plants, even when the density of plants was doubled. Aeration improved plantlet growth. The tetrazolium test was a simple, but effective essay to see the intensity and strength of root growth in different basal media. MDH activity decreased in the root+shoot extract of plants grown on most alternative media, but remained high on TCSGM (Teixeira’s chrysanthemum shoot growth medium), Gellan gum, aerated and CO2-enriched cultures. A similar trend was observed for deaminating GDH, while an opposite trend was observed for aminating GDH activity. These experiments indicate that tissue culture research for chrysanthemum still provides a rich field for exploration with interesting and valuable results
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Frost, Kenneth E., Russell L. Groves, and Amy O. Charkowski. "Integrated Control of Potato Pathogens Through Seed Potato Certification and Provision of Clean Seed Potatoes." Plant Disease 97, no. 10 (October 2013): 1268–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-13-0477-fe.
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Long-term data sets are rare in agriculture, and the impact of plant diseases on food production is challenging to measure, which makes it difficult to assess the impact of policy changes or research-based disease control efforts. Despite this challenge, it is clear that one of the largest impacts of biological research on food security over the past century has been in production of vegetatively propagated fruit and vegetable crops such as potato. The yield and quality of these crops is higher in countries that have effective plant propagation and certification systems. Of these systems, seed potato production and certification is among the most developed. We analyzed a dataset from a century-old seed potato certification program in Wisconsin to assess the efficacy for potato disease control and the cost of this program compared to other disease control and potato production costs. We found that over the past century, certification has gradually reduced the incidence of mechanically transmitted vascular potato pathogens that lack insect vectors to undetectable levels, and much of this reduction occurred prior to the use of tissue culture and the development of immunoassays. Rejection of seed lots from certification is now rare, with Potato virus Y (PVY), a virus spread nonpersistently by numerous, noncolonizing aphid species, and farmer errors being the main causes of rejection. PVY level increases occurred in 2000, coincident with the first detection of a new invasive vector, soybean aphid, in the Midwest. The increased PVY incidence was more pronounced in varieties that exhibit mild foliar symptoms. Starting in 2004, a decrease in PVY incidence occurred following comprehensive science-based changes to early generation seed potato production. The cost of the certification program has not increased in two decades, and the fees charged are comparable to those in 1913. The cooperative nature of the seed potato certification program has contributed to its sustainability across generations. However, looming soilborne disease problems are not easily addressed by certification and will likely cause significant challenges in the future.
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Schuld, B. A., M. D. Harrison, and J. Crane. "Symptomless infection with Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies sepedonicus during tissue culture propagation of potato." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 943–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-119.
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Nodal cuttings of tissue cultured potato (Solarium tuberosum L. ’Sangre’) were inoculated with the bacterial ring rot (BRR) pathogen, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms). Under commercial tissue culturing conditions, the pathogen persisted through as many as three micropropagation cycles, each consisting of production of a plantlet from an apical cutting. Infected plantlets did not develop BRR symptoms of leaf wilt or chlorosis. Signs of bacterial presence, cloudiness of tissue culturing medium or foliar lesions, were not present when the inoculum level was low, 5.0 × 102 cfu mL−1. A higher inoculum concentration (5.0 × 103 cfu mL−1) reduced plantlet height, but the lower concentration had no effect on height. Growth and viability of tissue from Cms-inoculated plantlets grown on Murashige and Skoog’s medium without sucrose, a source of carbon, were reduced compared to those grown with sucrose, but BRR symptoms were not induced at these inoculum levels. When transplanted to soilless potting medium, a basal portion of cycle 1 plantlets either died or produced a symptomatic miniplant, indicating that Cms survived during the growth of a plantlet into a miniplant. Nonsymptomatic miniplants were produced by portions of some cycle 2 and 3 Cms-infected plantlets, indicating that successive nodal propagation decreased the number of symptomatic miniplants. Bioassays of these nonsymptomatic miniplants were Cms-negative. Incubating plantlet tissue in Richardson broth for 14 d and visually observing for turbidity was not effective in detecting Cms in cultured potato tissue. Because phytopathogenic bacteria may persist in tissue cultures without causing symptoms, pathogen-specific testing of source plants and plant cultures is necessary to prevent transmission of bacteria to cultured stock and field-grown progeny.Key words: Potato shoot cultures, Solanum tuberosum L., Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, medium with no carbon, bacterial persistence and detection, symptomless infection, Solanum melongena L.
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Bhattarai, P. "Effects of plant growth regulators on growth and yield of pre-basic seed potato production under glasshouse condition." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 15, no. 1 (July 29, 2017): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v15i1.33161.
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A glasshouse experiment was carried out to study the effect of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) on the production of pre-basic seed (PBS) potatoes, cv. Janakdev at Khumaltar, (1360 masl) Lalitpur, Nepal during autumn and spring seasons of 2014 and 2015 respectively. Four - week old virus free in vitro plantlets grown in tissue culture laboratory were planted with 20 cm distance between rows and 10 cm between plantlets under glasshouse in completely randomized design. Three growth regulators, paclobutrazol (50 ppm), daminozide (100 ppm), chlormequat chloride (Cycocel) (200 ppm) and simple water as control were used for single foliar spray 6 weeks after transplanting with four replications. Analysis showed that there were significant differences on growth parameters; plant survival, plant uniformity, plant height and yield components; number of minitubers per plant and per square meter in both the seasons. Significantly maximum number of potato minitubers was recorded in growth retardants treated plants as compared to control. Experimental results showed that maximum number of minituber (22.9/plant and 668.2/m2) in autumn and (23.7/plant and 1185.0/m2) in spring season were gained from paclobutrazole spray, which were statistically differed from those of other growth regulators and control. Plants without PGR and treated with daminozide produced the least amount of minituber per unit area. Plant height decreased in all growth regulators over control due to their inhibiting effect on growth of the plants. paclobutrazol significantly reduced plant height but produced larger and heavier minitubers compared to other treatments. Hence, the best PGR for optimum enhancement of minituber number and size was paclobutrazol. The results suggested that paclobutrazol could be used in pre-basic seed potato production, leading to maximum minituber production which ultimately gave higher returns. The study concluded that spraying growth retarding chemicals at grand growth stage checked the excessive vegetative growth and increased the number and size of minituber.SAARC J. Agri., 15(1): 149-160 (2017)
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Desai, Priti N., and Harish Padh. "Expression of erythropoietin in Indian tetraploid potato variety." F1000Research 1 (October 11, 2012): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.1-26.v1.
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With the advent of protein-based biotech drugs in the market, the quest for the “perfect” protein expression system, which is both economical and effective, has come into focus. Currently bacteria, yeast, insect cells, mammalian cells, transgenic animal and transgenic plants are widely used for the expression of therapeutic proteins. Among these, transgenic plants provide advantages in terms of low production cost, lower capital investment in infrastructure, and suitable post-translational modifications. The major limitation of plants as an expression host is the low level of transgene expression. To increase the expression of heterologous proteins in plants, a number of approaches have been used. One of the approaches is to increase the transgene expression by using tissue-specific promoter(s) which can concentrate the protein of interest in targeted tissues and, thus, prove advantageous in downstream purification. In the present report, a protocol for expression of heterologous protein erythropoietin in potato tuber using patatin, the tuber-tissue-specific promoter, was standardized. Expression vectors for production of the erythropoietin gene under tissue-specific promoter were successfully constructed. For production of a transgenic plant, tissue culture techniques for regeneration of the whole plant from single explants were standardized. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was performed to confirm the stable integration of the erythropoietin gene in the potato plant by using sequence-specific primers.
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Lozoya-Saldaña, H., and A. Madrigal-Vargas. "Kinetin, thermotherapy, and tissue culture to eliminate potato virus (PVX) in potato." American Potato Journal 62, no. 7 (July 1985): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02855604.
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Castillo, A., P. Gaiero, B. López Carro, and F. Vilaró. "Gametic Embryogenic Response in Wild Diploid Solanum Species and its Implications for Genome Sequencing Projects and Breeding." Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 26, no. 2 (December 10, 2016): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v26i2.30566.
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The anther culture response in Solanum commersonii (2n = 2x = 24, 1EBN) and S. chacoense (2n = 2x = 24, 2EBN), two wild potato germplasm resources was studied to obtain haploid plants. Three accessions from each of the two species and 3200 anthers from each genotype were cultured. Authors assessed different culture media; ascorbic acid, L?cysteine and silver nitrate (AgNO3) were included to prevent browning of anther cultures. Addition of AgNO3, was effective to induce embryogenesis. The clones from S. commersonii showed different embryogenic response to androgenesis. However, the three accessions from S. chacoense did not induce any embryo in the same conditions. Ploidy level of the regenerated clones was estimated by flow cytometry and confirmed by chromosome counts. This is the first report of haploid plants obtained from anther culture in S. commersonii, with important implications in sequencing efforts and potato breeding.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 26(2): 159-173, 2016 (December)
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Suharjo, Usman Kris Joko, Hasanudin Hasanudin, Tunjung Pamekas, Hesti Pujiwati, and Alyi Vanturini. "Promoting Tuber Formation In Vitro with Benzyl Amino Purine and Paclobutrazol at Different Concentrations." Akta Agrosia 22, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/aa.22.1.29-35.
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A common problem related to the production of potatoes in Indonesia is the use of poor quality seed sources and declining seeds. Plant tissue culture is one of the best methods used for the provision of quality seeds. This study aims to establish the best combination of BAP concentration and the concentration of paclobutrazol in spurring the growth of cuttings and initiation of potato tubers in vitro.This research was conducted in November 2017 until June 2018 at Agronomy Laboratory of Biotechnology Division and Plant Culture Network of Agriculture Faculty of Bengkulu University. The research design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which consist of 18 combination of BAP treatment and Paclobutrazol was repeated 6 times. The concentration of BAP used was 0 mg / l, 5 mg / l, 10 mg / l and the concentration of Paclobutrazol 0 mg / l; 2.5 mg / l; 5 mg / l; 7.5 mg / l; 10 mg / l; 12.5 mg / l. The data of the research were analyzed by F test of 5% level and if there were different between treatments followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test of5% level. The results showed that the combination of BAP and Paclobutrazol concentration had significant effect on all observed variables. Treatment of 5 mg / l BAP and 7.5 mg / l Paclobutrazol is the best medium in inducing potato micro tube as indicated by the fastest tuber formation time, highest percentage of productive crops, largest number of tubers per bottle, number of tubers per productive plant, tuber diameter the largest and highest wet weight of tuber per bottle. Keywords : in vitro, BAP, paclobutrazol, Potato
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Parvin, Jahanara, Mahbub Robbani, Md Fakhrul Hasan, and Farhana Hoque. "Standardization of plant growth regulators for successful tissue culture of sweet potato." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 16, no. 2 (August 23, 2018): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i2.37957.
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The experiment was carried out during the period from June 2016 to January, 2017 at the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU) for in vitro regeneration of sweet potato. In this study, the nodal segment explants and different combinations of growth regulators were used for in vitro regeneration of sweet potato. BAP (6-benzylamino purine) and KIN (Kinetin) were used for in vitro shoot regeneration and IBA (Indole-6- Butyric Acid) with NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) were used for in vitro root regeneration. The highest percentage of shoot initiation (91.30), the minimum number of days (9.00) for shoot initiation, the highest number of shoot/plantlet (11.00) and the highest shoot length (4.38 cm) was observed when nodal segment explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP 1.5 mg/L + KIN 0.1 mg/L. On the other hand, the highest root initiation percentage (94.12), the minimum number of days (6.00) for root initiation, the highest number of root/plantlet (9.33) and the highest root length (11.13 cm) was observed in the MS medium supplemented with IBA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 0.1 mg/L. Regenerated plantlets were acclimatized for 5 days and adopted in soil by 6-7 days of transplantation.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(2): 178-181, August 2018
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Ali, Mohammad, Shefali Boonerjee, Mohammad Nurul Islam, Mihir Lal Saha, M. Imdadul Hoque, and Rakha Hari Sarker. "Endogenous Bacterial Contamination of Plant Tissue Culture Materials: Identification and Control Strategy." Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 28, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v28i1.37202.
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The endogenous bacterial contamination of plant tissue culture materials and their possible control was studied. Nine bacterial isolates were isolated from the contaminated tissue culture materials viz. potato and tea. On the basis of morphology and biochemical characters of nine isolates, seven were identified as Gram positive belonging to Bacillus alcalophilus, B. circulans, B. infantis, B. lentus, B. schlegelii, B. pumilus and B. subtilis. Remaining two were Gram negative and identified as Enterobacter cloacae sub. sp. dissolvens and Pantoea agglomerans. Molecular analysis was conducted on the basis of 16S rDNA sequence to confirm three isolates. Culture and sensitivity test was carried out to screen out the antibiotic sensitivity where streptomycin (S-10), polymyxin (PB-300) and gentamicin (CN-120) antibiotics were found to be effective against all bacterial isolates. The culture and sensitivity test reflected the feasibility to control or eliminate the contaminant bacteria during in vitro culture of plant which is very much required in the commercial tissue culture production.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 28(1): 99-108, 2018 (June)
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Ali, S., V. V. Rivera, and G. A. Secor. "First Report of Fusarium graminearum Causing Dry Rot of Potato in North Dakota." Plant Disease 89, no. 1 (January 2005): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0105b.
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Fusarium dry rot of potato can be caused by several species of Fusarium, but F. sambucinum is considered the primary cause in stored potatoes in North America and Europe (2). Potato tubers of cvs. Shepody and Russet Burbank with severe dry rot were collected from a commercial processing storage facility in central North Dakota during 2003–2004. Pathogen isolations were made from infected tubers on one-half strength acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA). Only F. graminearum was isolated from all rotted tubers used. Identification was based on colony morphology and conidial and perithecial characteristics, which included a carmine coloration of the underside of the agar and white fluffy mycelium on APDA, the presence of black perithecia on carnation leaf agar, and large distinctive macroconidia (1). The identity was confirmed by the Fusarium Research Institute at Pennsylvania State University. Pathogenicity was tested in potato tubers and greenhouse-grown potato plants cv. Atlantic. Nine tubers were wounded by removal of a plug of tissue with a cork borer, 3 mm in diameter and 5 mm deep, and inoculated by placing either 100 μl of a conidial suspension (5 × 104 conidia per ml) from a 7-day-old culture or a mycelial plug, 3 mm in diameter, from a 7-day-old culture in the wound. Nine tubers wounded and treated with either sterile distilled water or one-half strength APDA served as controls. Plant inoculations were performed by cutting a slit in the lower stem with a sterile scalpel and placing a cotton collar saturated with a conidial suspension (5 × 104 conidia per ml) around the wound and held in place with a clothespin. Four plants were inoculated with a conidial suspension, and four plants were treated with sterile distilled water. All tubers inoculated with either Fusarium treatment developed typical potato dry rot symptoms consisting of a brown, dry decay with mycelium lined cavities, and F. graminearum was reisolated from all symptomatic tubers. The control tubers did not develop symptoms. No symptoms developed in any of the greenhouse inoculated plants. Fifteen isolates were tested for sensitivity to thiabendazole, and all were sensitive with EC50 (50% effective concentration) values ranging from 0.8 to 3.7 μl/ml. The results indicate that F. graminearum can cause dry rot of potato, and to our knowledge, this is the first report of F. graminearum as a cause of potato dry rot. These results have epidemiological implications in the persistence, spread, and management of F. graminearum in cereals and potatoes, since potato is often used in rotation with other hosts of F. graminearum, including wheat, barley, and corn. References: (1) P. E. Nelson et al. Pages 118–119 in: Fusarium Species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park and London, 1983. (2) G. A. Secor and B. Salas. Fusarium dry rot and fusarium wilt. Pages 23–25 in: Compendium of Potato Diseases. 2nd ed. W. R. Stevenson, R. Loria, G. D. Franc, and D. P. Weingartner, eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2001.
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Naik, Prakash S., and Jack M. Widholm. "Comparison of tissue culture and whole plant responses to salinity in potato." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 33, no. 3 (June 1993): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02319012.
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Hammud, Salem, Ahmed shaaban, Elmundr Abughnia, Kheiry Keer, and Arij shaheen. "Effect of adding growth regulators benzyl adenine (BA) and kinetin (Kin) on production of potato (spunta) micro tuber." Journal of Misurata University for Agricultural Sciences, no. 01 (October 6, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.01.
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This experiment was carried out in plant tissue culture laboratory a part of bio technology research center (BTRC) , while the main aim for this experiment was to investigate the effects of using plant growth regulators on potato micro tuber formation for Sponta potato variety throw plant tissue culture method , In the beginning micro propagation operations were done to the target potato variety in order to obtain enough number of plants samples in free contamination MS media , while different concentrations of BA and Kin plant growth regulators ( 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 mg/l ) were used in this experiment , the plant growth regulators BA ,Kin were added to MS media contain 60g/l sucrose during micro tuber formation stage . the results of this study showed that the treatment of (5mg/l Kin ) obtained the best results and this treatment gave the highest tuber production compared with other treatments , furthermore this treatment ( 5mg/l Kin) gave the highest number of produced potato tuber and the highest weight of produced tuber compared with other used treatments , while the average number of produced micro tubers arrived to 4.9 tuber for each plant and the average weight for obtained potato tuber arrived to 0.84 g which was higher than other weight of micro tuber produced from the other treatments .
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Gallenberg, D. J., and E. D. Jones. "Detection of potato viruses X and S in tissue culture plantlets." American Potato Journal 62, no. 3 (March 1985): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02871339.
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Abouelnasr, H., Y. Y. Li, Z. Y. Zhang, J. Y. Liu, S. F. Li, D. W. Li, J. L. Yu, J. H. McBeath, and C. G. Han. "First Report of Potato Virus H on Solanum muricatum in China." Plant Disease 98, no. 7 (July 2014): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-14-0024-pdn.
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Solanum muricatum, commonly known as pepino, pepino dulce, or tree melon, is a perennial shrub well known for its attractive, sweet, flavorful fruits and is frequently cultivated as an annual. It has gained increasing popularity in China and is grown as a cash crop in many provinces. S. muricatum belongs to the family Solanaceae and is closely related to tomato, eggplant, and potato. In 2012, during a study of serological relationships between PVH and PVM on potatoes, potato virus H (PVH) was detected serendipitously in symptomless pepino plantlets in Beijing, grown from tissue culture stocks. PVH is a recently discovered carlavirus reported from potato plants from Huhhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Since then, it was found on potatoes in Yunnan, Hebei, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, and Xinjiang provinces. PVH induces mild symptoms with a slight leaf curl in systemic leaves, but most often it is almost symptomless or latent on potatoes (2). To confirm the presence of PVH on S. muricatum, surveys were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Gansu, Yunnan, and Guangxi provinces and Beijing. Fruits and leaves were collected randomly from pepino plants displaying no obvious symptoms. For PVH detection, a combination of RT-PCR, genome sequencing and serological assays were used. RNAs extracted from fruits and leaves were amplified using RT-PCR with primer pairs PVHCPF and PVHCPR (2), and extracted samples were probed by Western blotting with the specific polyclonal antiserum against PVH (2). Among the 50 plants randomly collected, fruits and leaves of nine plants tested positive for PVH. Subsequently, an RT-PCR product of the expected size (2.6 kb) encompassing the triple-gene block, the capsid protein gene, and the cysteine-rich protein gene, was amplified with a specific primer pair (PVHB1F 5′-TGATGGAATTTACAAAAAC-3′ and PVHUR 5′-CTTATGCGCATCTATCAATC-3′), and then cloned into pMD19-T (TaKaRa, Dalian, China) and sequenced (PVH-Pepino with GenBank Accession No. KF546312). Further sequence comparison showed that PVH-Pepino shared 91 to 98% nucleotide sequence identity in the genes mentioned above with those of the reported potato isolates PVH-Ho and PVH-YN (HM584819 and JQ904630, respectively). PVH-Pepino shared deduced amino acid identity of 98 to 99% in CP gene with PVH-Ho and PVH-YN, respectively, but only shared 57 to 67% amino acid identities with other reported carlaviruses (1,2). Thus, latent infection of PVH on S. muricatum was confirmed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. muricatum as a natural host of PVH. Our results suggest that PVH, as a new member of the genus Carlavirus, has a wider host range than originally expected. Potatoes and pepinos are crops widely grown in China. The fact that no symptoms were expressed by PVH in pepino plants (symptomless carrier) and only mild symptoms expressed by PVH in diseased potatoes makes detection and remediation of this disease more difficult. Although this finding does not show that PVH is economically important to pepino, this cannot be excluded in the presence of other viruses (2). References: (1) A. King et al. Page 881 in: Virus Taxonomy, Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Elsevier Academic Press, London, 2011. (2) Y. Y. Li et al. PLOS ONE 8(6):e69255, 2013.
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Smallwood, M. F., S. J. Gurr, M. J. McPherson, K. Roberts, and D. J. Bowles. "The pattern of plant annexin gene expression." Biochemical Journal 281, no. 2 (January 15, 1992): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2810501.
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Peptide sequence data derived from a plant annexin, P34 [Smallwood, Keen & Bowles (1990) Biochem. J. 270, 157-161] was used to design amplimers for PCR. A unique fragment of 95 bp, amplified from tomato (Lycopersicon esculertum) genomic DNA, was used in Northern analyses and demonstrated a differential pattern of expression in vegetative tissues of tomato, potato (Solanum tuberosum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare). The tissue-specific abundance of the annexin transcript was found to correlate closely with abundance of annexin protein as revealed by their partial purification and analysis with antisera specific for annexins isolated from tomato suspension-culture cells.
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Van Uyen, Nguyen, and Peter Vander Zaag. "Potato production using tissue culture in Vietnam: The status after four years." American Potato Journal 62, no. 5 (May 1985): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02852803.
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ISTIFADAH, NOOR, NURHAYATI PRATAMA, SYAHRIZAL TAQWIM, and TOTO SUNARTO. "Effects of bacterial endophytes from potato roots and tubers on potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis)." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 1 (January 17, 2018): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190108.
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Istifadah N, Pratama N, Taqwim S, Sunarto T. 2018. Effects of bacterial endophytes from potato roots and tubers on potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis). Biodiversitas 19: 47-51. Bacterial endophytes are bacteria that inhabit plant tissues without causing any diseases. The endophytes existence may have negative, neutral, or positive effects on the host plants. This paper discusses the effects of bacterial endophytes isolated from potato roots and tubers on potato growth and their abilities to suppress potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis. The bacterial endophytes were isolated from roots and tubers of potatoes obtained from six plantation areas in West Java. The endophyte isolates were examined for their effects on potato growth. The non-pathogenic isolates were tested for their abilities to suppress G. rostochiensis in vitro and in potato plants. The results showed that from 88 bacterial endophyte isolates obtained, 13 isolates caused rot in potato seed pieces, 22 isolates inhibited the potato growth, while, 2 isolates increased the growth, and as many as 51 isolates did not influence the growth. The in vitro test using the isolate culture filtrate revealed that there were seven isolates that caused mortality of G. rostochiensis juvenile-2 by 67.5-97.7%. These isolates, however, were not effective in damaging the nematode eggs. In the greenhouse experiment, the bacterial endophyte isolates suppressed the number of cysts by 51.7-65.4% and that of the juvenile-2 of G. rostochiensis by 48.6-76.4%.
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Cao, Weixing, and Theodore W. Tibbitts. "Phasic Temperature Change Patterns Affect Growth and Tuberization in Potatoes." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 4 (July 1994): 775–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.4.775.
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This study determined the responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Norland) plants to various patterns of air temperature changes over different growth periods (phasic temperature changes). In each of two experiments under controlled environments, eight treatments of temperature changes were carried out in two growth rooms maintained at 17 and 22C and a constant vapor pressure deficit of 0.60 kPa and 14-hour photoperiod. Plants were grown for 63 days after transplanting of tissue culture plantlets in 20-liter pots containing peat-vermiculite mix. Temperature changes were imposed on days 21 and 42, which were essentially at the beginning of tuber initiation and tuber enlargement, respectively, for this cultivar. Plants were moved between two temperature rooms to obtain eight temperature change patterns: 17-17-17, 17-17-22, 17-22-17, 22-17-17, 17-22-22, 22-17-22, 22-22-17, and 22-22-22C over three 21-day growth periods. At harvest on day 63, total plant dry weight was higher for the treatments beginning with 22C than for those beginning with 17C, with highest biomass obtained at 22-22-17 and 22-17-17C. Shoot dry weight increased with temperature increases from 17-17-17 to 22-22-22C during the three growth periods. Tuber dry weight was highest with 22-17-17C, and lowest with 17-17-22 and 17-22-22C. With 22-17-17C, both dry weights of stolons and roots were lowest. Total tuber number and number of small tubers (<2.5 cm) were highest with 17-17-17 and 17-17-22C, and lowest with 17-22-22 and 22-22-22C, whereas number of medium tubers (2.5-5.0 cm) was highest with 22-17-22C, and number of large tubers (>5.0 cm) was highest with 22-17-17C. This study indicates that tuber development of potatoes is optimized with a phasic pattern of high temperature during early growth and low temperature during later growth.
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Muthoni, Jane, Hussein Shimelis, and Rob Melis. "Long-term conservation of potato genetic resources: Methods and status of conservation." Australian Journal of Crop Science, no. 13(05) 2019 (May 20, 2019): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.05.p1400.
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Plant genetic resources (PGRs) play an important role in agriculture, environment protection, cultural property and trade; they need to be conserved. There are two fundamental approaches for the conservation of PGRs: in situ and ex situ. In situ conservation is the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings. Ex situ preservation is the storage of seeds or plant materials under artificial conditions to maintain their long term viability and availability for use. Genebanks employ seed storage, field collections of living plants and in vitro storage (tissue culture or cryopreservation) for ex situ preservation of PGR. Storage of orthodox seeds, which are tolerant to low moisture content and low temperatures at appropriate temperature and humidity, is the most convenient ex situ conservation method. Plants that produce recalcitrant seeds or non-viable seeds are conserved in field genebanks as well as in-vitro in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen at -1960C for long-term periods. Cryopreservation is very expensive and needs trained personnel; this could explain why this method is rarely used for conservation of plant genetic resources in most developing countries. Potato tubers are bulky and highly perishable; the crop is generally conserved as clones either in field genebanks (with annual replanting), in-vitro conservation in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation for long term. Field genebanks are expensive to maintain and the crop is exposed to many dangers; hence, cryopreservation is the only feasible method for long term conservation. However, given the high cost of cryopreservation, long-term conservation of potato genetic resources is poorly developed in most resource-poor countries leading to high rates of genetic erosion. This paper looks into the various methods that that can be applied to conserve potato genetic resources and the status of conservation of potatoes in major genebanks and some countries.
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Davies, F. T., J. N. Egilla, J. C. Miller, and J. A. Saraiva Grossi. "322 Influence of Mycorrhiza and an Isoflavonoid on Plant Growth and Gas Exchange of Potatoes Started from Minitubers." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 498C—498. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.498c.
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The influence of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices and reduced levels of G. intraradices treated with the isoflavonoid formononetin was tested on growth and gas exchange of container-grown potato plants. Tissue culture-produced minitubers of Solanum tuberosum cv. Russet Norkotah and Russet Norkotah selection TX112 were subjected to four treatments: 1) G. intraradices at 750 propagules per container, 2) G. intraradices at 376 propagules per container, 3) G. intraradices at 376 propagules per container treated with the isoflavonoid formononetin, and 4) noncolonized plants. Plants were grown under glasshouse conditions in 1500-mL containers containing a sterilized sand: sandy loam soil, and fertilized with Long Ashton nutrient solution modified to supply phosphorus at 11 ug P/mL. The experiment was initiated on 4 May 1998 and terminated on 27 Aug. 1998, during which the plants were exposed to adverse high temperatures (mean high: 30.7 °C). Both cultivars responded similarly to mycorrhizal treatments. Formononetin enhanced growth of myocorrhizal plants and increased total colonization, arbuscule, and hyphae development. Only formononetin-treated mycorrhizal plants had increased shoot growth. Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were generally greatest with reduced levels of mycorrhiza and formononetin treated mycorrhizal plants.
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Hagen, Steven R., Duane LeTourneau, Paul Muneta, and Janice Brown. "Initiation and culture of potato tuber callus tissue with picloram." Plant Growth Regulation 9, no. 4 (November 1990): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00024919.
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Khan, Salim, Abdullah Al Maruf, Shahina Aktera, Ahashan Habiba, Tanjina Akhtar Banua, and Shahina Islam. "Admixture of Isubgol husk together with conventionally used agar as gelling agent for Potato and Stevia regeneration." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 47, no. 2 (July 28, 2012): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i2.11447.
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Attempts have been made to find a substitute for agar as gelling agent. The study was conducted on commercially important crop plants like potato varieties (Diamond and Granola) and Stevia. 'Isubgol', the mucilaginous husk, derived from Plantago ovata was successfully used as a gelling material in tissue culture media. The price of 'Isubgol husk' is cheaper than the conventionally used agar and it had reduced the price of gelling agent approximately by 47.5 % in plant tissue culture media. The use of 'Isubgol husk' along with agar can reduce the cost of gelling agents. The response from media gelled with Isubgol husk in potato and Stevia was similar to that from media solidified with agar. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i2.11447 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(2), 161-166, 2012
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Platt, H. W. "Use of Tissue Culture Potato Plantlets for Investigations of Diseases of Subterranean Plant Parts." Plant Disease 77, no. 11 (1993): 1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-77-1112.
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Russo, P., and S. A. Slack. "Tissue Culture Methods for the Screening and Analysis of Putative Virus-Resistant Transgenic Potato Plants." Phytopathology® 88, no. 5 (May 1998): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.5.437.
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Following regeneration, putative virus-resistant transgenic plants are usually transferred from tissue culture to a greenhouse or growth chamber to screen for resistance to infection and disease development using mechanical, graft, or insect vector inoculation methods. To reduce initial screening costs and time, we developed mechanical and graft inoculation methods suitable for tissue culture use. The in vitro methods were validated by comparing them with similar greenhouse screens using putative potato virus Y strain o (PVY°) replicase-mediated resistant regenerants of the potato cultivar Atlantic. Five transgenic lines were tested, with similar results obtained from in vitro and greenhouse experiments. Two of the transgenic lines, A1 and A3, showed the greatest resistance to PVY°infection, as indicated by low enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay values and infection rates. In vitro mechanical inoculation methods were also used to infect wild-type tomato and tobacco plants with cucumber mosaic virus and potato virus Y. Potato plants were also infected with the phloem-restricted potato leafroll virus, a low-titer virus, using in vitro graft inoculation methods. These results suggest the potential usefulness of these simple, effective, and economical techniques for screening large numbers of putative virus-resistant plants.
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V. Polishchuk, S. Turchina, A. Balabak, I. Kozachenko, V. Mamchur, L. Karpuk, and T. Polishchuk. "INTRODUCTION OF EXPLANTS AND REPRODUCTION ON NUTRIENT MEDIUM OF DONOR MATERIAL IN VITRO VARIETIES OF CALLISTEPHUS CHINENSIS (L.) NESS. FOR ITS FURTHER USE IN LANDSCAPING." BULLETIN 1, no. 383 (February 15, 2020): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.11.
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The relevance of the research topic. On the recent methods of biotechnology are increasingly used in plant breeding and seed production. Herbaceous plants such as strawberries, potatoes, a vegetable, some medicinal and others are capable of vegetative propagation the traditional methods of culture, successfully introduced in both in vitro and can achieve a high rate of reproduction. Modern plant biotechnology – the sum of the technologies developed in molecular and cell biology of plants – a new stage in the development of the technology of plant breeding. With these improved characteristics may occur at the level of individual genes and individual genes that determine a specific trait, can be identified. They may be the final selection, they can be isolated, insert, delete, or modify the genotype or variety. Goal. Identify the features of the manifestation of economically valuable features and decorative properties of Callistephus chinensis and the inclusion of the best varieties in the biotech link, their adaptation to the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and their further use in landscaping. Methods. Laboratory – determination of seed germination; mathematical and statistical - for processing the reliability of the obtained research results. Results. The nutrient medium for growing plant tissues and cells, by analogy with the medium for culturing animal tissues, should contain all that the tissues in the plant organism receive from xylem and phloem currents of substances. However, in practice it has been found that vegetable juices cannot serve as a complete nutrient medium for growing isolated tissues and cells. This manifests the specificity of the receipt, transportation and especially the redistribution of nutrients in the plant. Based on the analysis, research was conducted to study the possibility of mass off-season vegetative propagation of plants of Callistephus chinensis in vitro. Practical recommendations on the selection of sterilizer, sterilization, nutrient medium and for the adaptation period of the best genotypes of this culture have been developed. As a result of the conducted researches the methods of selection of the initial plant material of Callistephus chinensis (Callistephus Chinensis (L.) NEES) and its surface sterilization, modification of existing aseptic culture methods have been studied and mastered. The morphogenetic potential of explants from different plant organs was investigated and selection of nutrient medium and study of the influence of plant growth regulators and physical parameters on the process of morphogenesis was carried out. The features of regeneration of isolated explants depending on the composition of the nutrient medium and selection of conditions for obtaining self-clones of Callistephus chinensis (Callistephus Chinensis (L.) NEES) were studied. Key words: in vitro, plant biotechnology, Callistephus Chinensis, nutrient medium, rhizogenesis.
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Ma, Z., J. Ji, X. Zhu, L. Yi, Q. Li, G. Wang, C. Jin, and C. Guan. "Salicylic acid mitigates hyperhydricity in newly developed potato shoots through reduced oxidation." Botany 96, no. 11 (November 2018): 793–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2018-0041.
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Hyperhydricity is a metabolic disorder of plants raised in tissue culture. In shoot cultures of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Atlantic’), hyperhydricity is induced by the synthetic cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Withdrawing BA from Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and replacing it with salicylic acid (SA) restores lateral growth in mildly hyperhydric shoots. To evaluate the role of SA in reducing the extent of hyperhydricity in newly developed potato shoots, the physiological characteristics and enzyme activities of normal, hyperhydric, and SA-treated potato shoots were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the lower dose of SA (1 μmol·L−1) was more effective than the higher dose (100 μmol·L−1) at ameliorating the phenotypic and physiological characteristics of hyperhydric potato shoots. The SA-treated potato shoots did not significantly differ from normal potato shoots in term of phenotype and physiology. Oxidative stress in the hyperhydric potato shoots was alleviated by the SA-induced increases in free putrescine and spermine, glutathione, and increased activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase, all of which were promoted by reactive oxygen species. The results also demonstrated that SA mitigates mild hyperhydricity and could help optimize potato propagation in tissue culture.
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Kůdela, V., V. Krejzar, and I. Pánková. "Pseudomonas corrugata and Pseudomonas marginalis associated with the collapse of tomato plants in rockwool slab hydroponic culture." Plant Protection Science 46, No. 1 (March 3, 2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/44/2009-pps.
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Plant pathogenic species Pseudomonas corrugata and P. marginalis were detected and determined in collapsed tomato plants in rockwool slab hydroponic culture in southern Moravia, Czech Republic. Surprisingly, P. marginalis was also determined before planting in apparently healthy grafted tomato transplants grown in hydroponic culture. Moreover, non-pathogenic P. fluorescens, P. putida, P. synxantha, and Stenotrophomonas malthophilia were identified. The Biolog Identification GN2 MicroPlate™ System System (Biolog, Inc., Hayward, USA) was used for identification of bacterial isolates. Cultures of P. corrugata and P. marginalis were used in a greenhouse pathogenicity experiment. Seven weeks old tomato plants of cv. Moneymaker grown in sterilised perlite were inoculated into the stem with a hypodermic needle at one point above the cotyledon node. In inoculated tomato plants, disease symptoms were observed that included external and internal dark brown lesions around the inoculation site, watering and collapse of pith and sometimes also vascular browning and wilting of leaves. In comparison with P. marginalis, P. corrugata appeared to be a much stronger pathogen. Both tested Pseudomonas species were recovered from inoculated tomato plants. P. corrugata was found to move both upwards to the apex of the stem and downwards from the site of the inoculated stem into roots. When inoculated into potato tuber slices, some tomato strains of P. marginalis, P. fluorescens, P. synxantha, and Pseudomonas sp. produced soft rot. However, other strains of the same species were not able to macerate the potato tissue. It is concluded that P. corrugata and P. marginalis can be associated with the collapse of tomato crop in soilless culture grown in a greenhouse. This is the first report on P. corrugata in tomato plants in the Czech Republic. The role of plant pathogenic bacteria, fungal root rot and vascular pathogens and Pepino mosaic virus in the collapse of tomato plants is discussed.
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Karan, Yasin Bedrettin. "Farklı Besi Ortamlarının Tatlı Patateste in Vitro Çoğaltım Üzerine Etkil." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 9 (September 23, 2021): 1647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i9.1647-1652.4645.
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This study was carried out in Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department, Industrial Plants Tissue Culture Laboratory in 2020. In the study, effects of different media (LS media, LS+1 mg/L Gibberellic acid (GA3), 0.1 mg/L kinetin (KIN) and LS+0.5 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on sweet potato genotypes (Havuc and Hatay Yerlisi) were investigated. Plant and root weights, plant and root lengths, and number of nodes and roots were determined. In this study, plants grown in cytokinin and gibberellin media had higher root number, root weight, root length, plant height, number of nodes and plant weight compared to the ones grown in auxin media. Havuc local genotype had higher values in terms of the investigated traits in all of the media studied.
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Reiter, Birgit, Ulrike Pfeifer, Helmut Schwab, and Angela Sessitsch. "Response of Endophytic Bacterial Communities in Potato Plants to Infection with Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 5 (May 2002): 2261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.5.2261-2268.2002.
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ABSTRACT The term endophyte refers to interior colonization of plants by microorganisms that do not have pathogenic effects on their hosts, and various endophytes have been found to play important roles in plant vitality. In this study, cultivation-independent terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA directly amplified from plant tissue DNA was used in combination with molecular characterization of isolates to examine the influence of plant stress, achieved by infection with the blackleg pathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica, on the endophytic population in two different potato varieties. Community analysis clearly demonstrated increased bacterial diversity in infected plants compared to that in control plants. The results also indicated that the pathogen stress had a greater impact on the bacteria population than the plant genotype had. Partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of isolated endophytes revealed a broad phylogenetic spectrum of bacteria, including members of the α, β, and γ subgroups of the Proteobacteria, high- and low-G+C-content gram-positive organisms, and microbes belonging to the Flexibacter-Cytophaga-Bacteroides group. Screening of the isolates for antagonistic activity against E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica revealed that 38% of the endophytes protected tissue culture plants from blackleg disease.
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Hsiao, W. W., Y. S. Wu, Y. N. Wang, B. L. Huang, and L. C. Huang. "First Report of Rhizoctonia Blight of a Coastal Redwood Tissue-Culture-Derived Saplings Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-IV in Taiwan." Plant Disease 92, no. 4 (April 2008): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-4-0655a.
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Coastal redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) is native to North America. This tall tree species is used for forestation and lumber; its wood is also used for furniture, its burls for art ware, and its bark for fuel, insulation, and mulch. In August 2005, an instance of wilt was observed among 2-year-old tissue-culture-cloned plants (2) in the Sitou Forest of central Taiwan. Essentially, all plants were infected. The leaves or stems near the ground were affected first, but the wilt soon spread over the entire plant with the leaves becoming grayish brown and water soaked, and then wilting, drying, and finally defoliation occurred. Aerial hyphae were present over the affected areas, aerial mycelium was cob-web-like, hyaline, later becoming slightly brown. Hyphae were 6.5 to 10.4 μm wide with right-angle branching and septal constriction at their bases. Sclerotia were hemispherical, subglobose, to irregular in shape, 1 to 2 mm, and brown. The perfect stage of the fungus was not found. The fungus was identified as Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (3). Vegetative cells were stained with alkaline safranin solution and identified as multinucleate (1). Portions of the stem that displayed symptoms, together with adjacent healthy tissue, were disinfested for 1 min in 0.5% NaOCl and plated on to potato-dextrose agar (PDA) (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) supplemented with 100 mg/L of ampicillin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Single hyphal tips were transferred to PDA and two isolates were established as pure cultures. On the basis of hyphal anastomosis with AG-IV tester isolates (exfop234, exfop241, and exfop250) (1), the fungus was identifed as R. solani AG-IV. Pathogenicity of the fungal isolates was confirmed by inoculating 2-month-old tissue-culture-derived S. sempervirens plants that were grown in pots and incubated in a growth chamber maintained at 28°C with a relative humidity above 95%. Inoculum consisted of a single mycelial 5-day-old 0.5-cm disc grown on PDA of the pathogen placed on the soil surface touching the base of each plant. Four plants were inoculated with mycelium and the four control plants were noninoculated. Inoculated plants wilted gradually over 4 days and all plants developed severe stem rot and were dead in 6 days, whereas control plants remained symptomless. The Rhizoctonia solani AG-IV was reisolated from all inoculated plants. This fungus has been observed to cause disease in many species of plants (4), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of Rhizoctonia blight of coastal redwood tissue-culture-derived saplings caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-IV in Taiwan. References: (1) T. T. Chang. Taiwan J. For. Sci. 12:47, 1997. (2) L. C. Huang et al. Plant Physiol. 98:166, 1992. (3) B. Sneh et al. Identification of Rhizoctonia species. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1991. (4) S. T. Su et al. List of Plant Diseases in Taiwan. The Phytopathological Society of the Republic of China, 2002.
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Wang, Eu Sheng, Nam Phuong Kieu, Marit Lenman, and Erik Andreasson. "Tissue Culture and Refreshment Techniques for Improvement of Transformation in Local Tetraploid and Diploid Potato with Late Blight Resistance as an Example." Plants 9, no. 6 (May 29, 2020): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9060695.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is among the best producers of edible biomass in terms of yield per hectare and a variety of different regional cultivars are used as a staple commodity in many countries. However, this crop is attacked by several diseases, with the worst being the late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans. Stacking of resistance (R) genes from wild Solanum relatives are interesting prospects for the sustainable control of late blight. Therefore, we optimized methods for the efficient generation and screening of R-gene-containing transformants in tetraploid and diploid hybrid potato genotypes. Using these methods, a high transformation efficiency was achieved for the transformation of tetraploid and diploid potato lines with a triple resistance (3R) gene construct. Transformation efficiencies were improved by optimizing several factors affecting regeneration, including the quality of the starting plant material, and the composition of the plant growth regulators used during selective regeneration. A refreshment protocol was designed to alleviate in vitro related stress in stock plants, which significantly improved the growth vigor and resulted in a 4- to 10-fold increase in transformation efficiency. Furthermore, long-term exposure to exogenous Indole-3-butyric acid that is usually used for the initiation of roots in vitro, was found to cause aberrant morphological phenotypes in potato.
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Abeuova, Laura S., Balnur R. Kali, Aizhan O. Rakhimzhanova, Sara S. Bekkuzhina, and Shuga A. Manabayeva. "High frequency direct shoot regeneration from Kazakh commercial potato cultivars." PeerJ 8 (July 13, 2020): e9447. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9447.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third most economically important crop in the world and has a high nutritional value. In this study, the in vitro culture response of four widely grown in Kazakhstan potato cultivars, Astanalyk, Monument Kunaev, Tokhtar, and Aksor, was investigated using stem and leaf explants. Published protocols were evaluated and optimized to develop a more efficient protocol for the regeneration of plants from local potato cultivars in tissue culture, which is a prerequisite to facilitate potato genome modification. The explants were cultured on solid Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of zeatin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), gibberellic acid (GA3), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The maximum regeneration was induced from the stem internodal explants. A significant effect of the explant source on direct regeneration was confirmed with statistical analysis. The number of shoots obtained from the internode was 10.0 from cv. Aksor followed by cvs. Tokhtar and Astanalyk. The medium DRM-VIII with 1 mg/l zeatin, 0.1 mg/l IAA and 7.0 mg/l GA3 was considered the best for direct shoot regeneration and multiple shoot formation from all cultivars. To conclude, we outline a protocol for direct plant regeneration from four potato cultivars. Our findings suggest commercial cultivars Astanalyk and Aksor are good candidates for developing the genome-edited plants through direct shoot regeneration.
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Peters, R. D., I. K. Macdonald, K. A. MacIsaac, and S. Woodworth. "First Report of Thiabendazole-Resistant Isolates of Fusarium sambucinum Infecting Stored Potatoes in Nova Scotia, Canada." Plant Disease 85, no. 9 (September 2001): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.9.1030a.
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Fusarium dry rot is a significant postharvest disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and is often controlled by applying thiabendazole to tubers prior to storage. However, thiabendazole-resistant isolates of Fusarium spp. have been reported from Europe (2), the United States (1), and Canada (1,4). To address concerns, samples of potato tubers showing symptoms of dry rot caused by Fusariumspp. were collected from three storage bays in a commercial storage facility in Nova Scotia, Canada, in February 2001. All tubers had been treated with thiabendazole after harvest and prior to storage. Tubers were cut longitudinally, and small tissue samples (10 × 5 × 3 mm) were taken from the margins of internal necrotic regions with a sterile scalpel, surface-sterilized in 0.6% sodium hypochlorite for 15 s, rinsed twice in sterile distilled water (SDW), and blotted dry on sterile filter paper. Tissue pieces were plated on 0.5-strength potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with tetracycline (0.05 g/liter) and streptomycin sulfate (0.1 g/liter). Petri dishes were incubated in the dark at 22°C for 4 to 7 days. After incubation, hyphal tips from the margins of actively growing isolates were removed with a sterile probe and plated on 0.5-strength PDA to generate pure cultures. Of 35 potato tubers examined, 10 (29%) yielded Fusarium isolates for further study. All 10 isolates were identified as F. sambucinum Fuckel according to Nelson et al. (3). Agar plugs (5 mm diameter) taken from the margins of 7- to 10-day-old cultures of F. sambucinum isolates were transferred to petri dishes containing 0.5-strength PDA amended with thiabendazole at 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, or 100 mg/liter. Thiabendazole was prepared as a stock solution in SDW and added to molten agar after autoclaving. Cultures were grown in the dark for 7 days at 22°C, after which mycelial growth diameter was measured using digital calipers. Two measurements, along orthogonal diameters, were taken from each of three replicate plates for a total of six measurements per thiabendazole concentration. Means were calculated, and the diameter of the inoculation plug was subtracted from each mean. Calculated EC50 values (thiabendazole concentration inhibiting pathogen growth by 50%) were obtained by regression of the log of the chemical concentration against the corresponding probit of percent fungal inhibition. All isolates of F. sambucinum were resistant to thiabendazole, with EC50 values ranging from 7 to 82 mg/liter. Six isolates had EC50 values between 40 and 82 mg/liter. Control isolates of F. sambucinum, F. avenaceum, F. solani, and F. oxysporum were sensitive to thiabendazole, with EC50 values of <1 mg/liter. Although isolates of F. sambucinum resistant to thiabendazole have been recovered from eastern Canada (1,4), this is the first report of thiabendazole resistance in F. sambucinum isolates from tubers in commercial storage in the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia, Canada, a production region that concentrates on growing processing potatoes for the potato chip industry and is several hundred kilometers from other potato-growing regions of Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick. References: (1) A. E. Desjardins. Am. Potato J. 72:145, 1995. (2) G. A. Hide et al. Plant Pathol. 41:745, 1992. (3) P. E. Nelson et al. 1983. Fusarium Species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification . Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA. (4) H. W. Platt. Phytoprotection 78:1, 1997.
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Marcinkowska, J. "Septorioza pomidora. II. Morfologia i rozwój grzyba Septoria lycopersici Speg. [Septoria leaf spot of tomato. II. Morphology and development of Septoria lycopersici Speg.]." Acta Agrobotanica 30, no. 2 (2015): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1977.027.
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The hyphae, pycnospores and pycnidia of <i>Septoria lycopersici</i> in infected tissue and in fungal culture on different media were described. Fungus growth and development on 12 media were also studied. The development of the studied fungus on culture media, with different doses of dextrose, hydrogen-ion concentrations and temperature was worked out on the potato dextrose medium. Germination of the pycnospores from the infected plant and fungal culture in the hanging drops in different conditions was observed.
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Merlington, A., L. E. Hanson, R. Bayma, K. Hildebrandt, L. Steere, and W. W. Kirk. "First Report of Fusarium proliferatum Causing Dry Rot in Michigan Commercial Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Production." Plant Disease 98, no. 6 (June 2014): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-13-0919-pdn.
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Fusarium dry rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a postharvest disease caused by several Fusarium spp. Thirteen Fusarium spp. have been implicated in dry rot of potatoes worldwide. Among them, 11 species have been reported causing potato dry rot of seed tubers in the northern United States (1). Historically, Fusarium sambucinum was the predominant species in Michigan potato production (3). Dry rot symptomatic tubers (n = 972) were collected from Michigan commercial potato storage facilities in 2011 and 2012 to determine the composition of Fusarium spp. Sections were cut from the margins of necrotic tissue with a sterile scalpel and surface disinfested in 0.6% sodium hypochlorite for 10 s, rinsed twice in sterile distilled water, and dried on sterile filter paper. The tissue sections were plated on half-strength potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 0.5 g/liter of streptomycin sulfate. Dishes were incubated at 23°C in the dark for 7 days. Putative Fusarium isolates were transferred onto water agar and hyphal tips from the margin of actively growing cultures were removed with a sterile scalpel and plated to carnation leaf agar (CLA) and half-strength PDA to generate pure cultures. Seven hundred and thirty Fusarium isolates were collected using these techniques. Preliminary identification of the 730 isolates was based on colony and conidial morphology on PDA and CLA, respectively. While F. oxysporum and F. sambucinum were isolated as expected from prior reports (3), three isolates of F. proliferatum were also identified. On CLA, macroconidia of F. proliferatum were sparse, slender, and mostly straight, with three to five septae (4). Microconidia were abundant, usually single celled, oval or club-shaped in short chains or false heads on monophialides and polyphialides (4), and chlamydospores were absent. On PDA, abundant white mycelium was produced and turned violet with age. Koch's postulates were confirmed through pathogenicity testing on disease-free potato tubers cvs. Atlantic and Russet Norkotah. Tubers were surface disinfested for 10 min in 0.6% sodium hypochlorite and rinsed twice in distilled water. Three tubers of each cultivar per isolate were wounded at the apical end of the tuber to a depth of 4 to 10 mm with a 4 mm diameter cork-borer. Tubers were inoculated by inserting a mycelial plug from a 7-day-old culture grown on PDA into the wound and incubating the tubers at 20°C for 21 days. All Fusarium isolates were tested. Control tubers were inoculated by inserting a water agar plug. Pathogenicity and virulence testing were replicated three times and repeated. Tubers inoculated with F. proliferatum developed typical potato dry rot symptoms but no dry rot symptoms were observed on control tubers. Fusarium proliferatum was re-isolated from symptomatic tubers, confirming Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. proliferatum causing potato dry rot in Michigan. References: (1) E. Gachango et al. Plant Dis. 96:1767. (2) D. Geiser et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:473, 2004. (3) M. L. Lacy and R. Hammerschmidt. Fusarium dry rot. Extension Bulletin. Retrieved from http://web1.msue.msu.edu/msue/iac/onlinepubs/pubs/E/E2448POT, 23 May 2010. (4) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, NJ, 2006.
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Yulianti, Yustia, Syarifah Iis Aisyah, and Dewi Sukma. "Pengaruh Bahan Organik Nabati dan Hewani terhadap Pertumbuhan Protocorm Like Bodies Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume." Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia 7, no. 3 (December 14, 2016): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jhi.7.3.176-186.
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<p>ABSTRACT<br />Phalaenopsis orchid is among the popular ornamental plants in Orchidaceae family. Clonal propagation of this orchid is usually performed through protocorm like bodies (plbs) multiplication in tissue culture medium. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of the combination of phyto-organic substances (bananas, potatoes, sweet potatoes extract) and fish emulsion on in vitro growth, multiplication of plbs and plantlet regeneration of Phalaenopsis amabilis. This experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was phyto-organic substances which consisted of bananas, potatoes, and sweet potatoes extract (50 g L-1) and the second one was fish emulsion with four concentration levels (0 ml L-1, 2 ml L-1, 4 ml L-1, and 6 ml L-1). Basic (control) medium used NPK fertilizer (2 g L-1) with addition of MS vitamins, myo-inositol, 1.5% of coconut water, and 2 g L-1 of active charcoal. The results showed that the highest survival rate (>90%) and multiplication (>70%) of plbs was found on control medium with addition of 2 ml L-1 of fish emulsion or banana or potato extract without fish emulsion. The best plantlet morphogenesis as indicated by leaf and root number, was resulted on medium with addition of potato extract without fish emulsion which produced 3.2 leaves and 2.2 roots per plantlets. The best plantlet morphogenesis as indicated by leaf and root number, was resulted on medium with addition of potato extract without fish emulsion which produced 3.2 leaves and 2.2 roots per plantlets. The result of this experiment suggested that basic medium with addition of 2 ml L-1 of fish emulsion, banana or potato extract was appropriate for plbs growth and multiplication while basic medium with addition of potato extract without fish emulsion for plantlet regeneration.<br />Keywords: bananas, fish emulsion, potatos, protocorm like bodies (plbs), sweet potatoes</p><p>ABSTRAK<br />Anggrek Phalaenopsis merupakan salah satu tanaman hias paling populer dalam famili Orchidaceae. Perbanyak klonal anggrek ini biasanya dilakukan melalui multiplikasi protocorm like bodies (plbs) dalam kultur in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi bahan organik nabati (ekstrak pisang, kentang, ubi jalar) dan emulsi ikan terhadap pertumbuhan, multiplikasi plbs dan regenerasi planlet Phalaenopsis amabilis. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah bahan organik nabati terdiri atas ekstrak pisang, kentang, dan ubi jalar sebanyak 50 g L-1 dan faktor kedua adalah emulsi ikan dengan empat konsentrasi yaitu 0, 2, 4 atau 6 ml L-1. Media dasar (kontrol) menggunakan pupuk NPK (2 g L-1) ditambah dengan vitamin dan myoinositol dari media Murashige dan Skoog (MS), 15% air kelapa dan 2 g L-1 arang aktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan hidup tertinggi (>90%) dan multiplikasi plbs tertinggi (sekitar 70%) ditemukan pada media kontrol yang ditambahkan emulsi ikan 2 ml L-1 atau ditambahkan ekstrak pisang atau kentang tanpa penambahan emulsi ikan. Morfogenesis plbs menjadi planlet yang terbaik sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh jumlah daun dan akar terbanyak dihasilkan pada perlakuan ekstrak kentang tanpa emulsi ikan dengan jumlah daun dan akar yang dihasilkan adalah sebanyak 3.2 helai daun dan 2.2 akar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa media dasar yang ditambah dengan 2 ml L-1 emulsi ikan, ekstrak pisang atau kentang adalah sangat sesuai untuk pertumbuhan dan multiplikasi plbs sementara media dasar yang ditambah ekstrak kentang tanpa emulsi ikan terbaik untuk regenerasi planlet.<br />Kata kunci: emulsi ikan, kentang, pisang, protocorm like bodies (plbs), ubi jalar</p>
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Pace-Lupi, T. G., A. Porta-Puglia, A. Ippolito, and F. Nigro. "First Record of Verticillium dahliae on Potato in Malta." Plant Disease 90, no. 8 (August 2006): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1108b.
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Potato is an important and highly valued crop throughout the Maltese Archipelago. Much of the production is exported to Holland. In January 2005, minor wilts and chlorosis of potato plants were observed in a field at Hal-Farrug, Luqa (Malta). Verticillium dahliae Kleb (1) was isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) from vascular tissue excised from the base of the plants. Three different isolates were obtained, all of which were typically distinguished by verticillately shaped conidiophores and the abundant production of microsclerotia on PDA. In May 2005, colonies of these three isolates were cultured in potato dextrose broth (PDB), from which conidial suspensions of each isolate were prepared with sterile distilled water to a concentration of 107 ml-1. For each isolate, 10 7-day-old potato seedlings were inoculated via root immersion in the inoculum suspension and transplanted to 20-cm diameter plastic pots containing a soil/peat mixture (1:1 [v/v]). Seedlings treated in the same way with sterile distilled water were used as a control. All plants were kept under controlled glasshouse conditions (20 ± 3°C) and watered to field capacity as required. Minor chlorosis and wilt of the pair of lower-most leaves was noted 7 days after inoculation. During subsequent weeks, wilt began to appear in the typical half-leaf form, while chlorosis was noted on all organs of the plants, including the principal stem (3). Symptoms were absent on the control plants. Measuring the weight of the new tubers produced by each plant revealed no apparent difference between inoculated and healthy plants; nevertheless, inoculated plants resulted in more tubers with a smaller diameter in respect to those of the uninoculated plants. V. dahliae was never isolated from tubers. Little to no variation in symptom severity was noted among plants inoculated with the three individual isolates. At the end of June, V. dahliae was reisolated on PDA from all inoculated plants, in particular, from vascular tissues originating from principal and lateral stems, crowns, and roots. All attempts to isolate the pathogen from control plants were unsuccessful. Molecular detection of the pathogen by using species-specific primers and real-time Scorpion PCR (2) confirmed the results obtained by the classical isolation method. The low symptom severity observed by the growers in the field, usually mistaken for normal dieback of aged plants, might explain why V. dahliae was never reported before on potatoes in the Maltese Archipelago. References: (1) D. L. Hawksworth and P. W. Talboys. No. 256. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. Commonwealth Mycological Institute (CMI), Kew, Surrey, UK, 1970. (2) F. Nigro et al. Pages 454–461 in: Proc. Convegno Internazionale di Olivicoltura. VI Giornate Scientifiche SOI, Spoleto, 2002. (3) W. R. Stevenson et al., eds. Compendium of Potato Diseases. 2nd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, MN, 2001.
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WENZEL, G., B. FOROUGHI-WEHR, W. FRIEDT, F. KÖHLER, and T. OO. "Cell and tissue culture as supplementary tool in plant breeding: Exemplified in potato, oilseed rape and barley." Hereditas 103 (February 14, 2008): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1985.tb00746.x.
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Putra, Faisal Haryanto, Erny Ishartati, and Syarief Husain. "Growth Response of Potato Cuttings (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Granola Lembang Varieties Results Of Tissue Culture To Giving Radix Up With Different Segments." Journal of Tropical Crop Science and Technology 1, no. 2 (December 13, 2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtcst.v1i2.9991.
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Potato plants are propagated vegetatively with tubers. The difficulty of getting potato seeds with tubers is an obstacle in the supply of potato seeds, to overcome these obstacles vegetative propagation with cuttings can be a solution for the supply of potato seeds. This research used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor is the type of Radix Up consisting of 4 levels, namely Z0 (control), Z1 (Radix Up 1), Z2 (Radix Up 2), and Z3 (Radix Up 3), the second factor is the number of segments consisting of 3 levels namely D1 (number of segment 1), D2 (number of segment 2), and D3 (number of segment 3). Observation variables included: when the roots appeared, plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter. The results showed that there was an interaction between Radix Up types and the number of segments on the growth of potato shoot cuttings when the roots appeared, but there were no interactions on other observational variables. The Z1D3 treatment (Radix Up 1 and segment number 3) gives the fastest average value, which is the average when the root appears 4.33 days.