Journal articles: 'Potential antimicrobial agents'

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N., K. Undavia, B. Trivedi P., P. Shanishchara A., and P. Trivedi Vasudev. "Synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as potential antimicrobial agents." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 82, Aug 2005 (2022): 746–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5830153.

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University Department of Chemistry, Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar-364 002, India E-mail : drvasudevtrivedi@ hotmail.com Manuscript Received 17 May 2004, revised 14 February 2005, accepted 13 April 2005 Synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as potential antimicrobial agents

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Simkó, J., A. Csilek, J. Karászi, and I. Lőrincz. "Proarrhythmic Potential of Antimicrobial Agents." Infection 36, no. 3 (2008): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15010-007-7211-8.

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Brady, A. J., T. B. Farnan, J. G. Toner, D. F. Gilpin, and M. M. Tunney. "Treatment of a cochlear implant biofilm infection: a potential role for alternative antimicrobial agents." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 124, no. 7 (2010): 729–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215110000319.

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AbstractObjective:This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial treatment of an infected cochlear implant, undertaken in an attempt to salvage the infected device.Methods:We used the broth microdilution method to assess the susceptibility of meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolate, cultured from an infected cochlear implant, to common antimicrobial agents as well as to novel agents such as tea tree oil. To better simulate in vivo conditions, where bacteria grow as microcolonies encased in glycocalyx, the bactericidal activity of selected antimicrobial agents against the isolate growing in biofilm were also compared.Results:When grown planktonically, the S aureus isolate was susceptible to 17 of the 18 antimicrobials tested. However, when grown in biofilm, it was resistant to all conventional antimicrobials. In contrast, 5 per cent tea tree oil completely eradicated the biofilm following exposure for 1 hour.Conclusion:Treatment of infected cochlear implants with novel agents such as tea tree oil could significantly improve salvage outcome.

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Kudiyirickal, Marina George, and Romana Ivančaková. "Antimicrobial Agents Used in Endodontic Treatment." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 51, no. 1 (2008): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2017.1.

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Biomechanical preparation alone does not completely eradicate microorganisms from the root canal, hence the next logical step is to perform root canal procedures in conjunction with antimicrobials. The use of an antimicrobial agent improves the efficacy and prognosis of endodontic treatment. This review enumerates the most widely used antimicrobial agents, their mechanism of action and their potential use in reducing the microbial load.

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Patil, Siddappa A., Shivaputra A. Patil, Ever A. Ble-González, Stephen R. Isbel, Sydney M. Hampton, and Alejandro Bugarin. "Carbazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents." Molecules 27, no. 19 (2022): 6575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196575.

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Microbial infection is a leading cause of death worldwide, resulting in around 1.2 million deaths annually. Due to this, medicinal chemists are continuously searching for new or improved alternatives to combat microbial infections. Among many nitrogen-containing heterocycles, carbazole derivatives have shown significant biological activities, of which its antimicrobial and antifungal activities are the most studied. In this review, miscellaneous carbazole derivatives and their antimicrobial activity are discussed (articles published from 1999 to 2022).

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Mandal, Sudip Kumar. "INDANYL ANALOGS AS POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 5 (2018): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i5.24635.

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Objective: The wide variety of biological activities of different indane derivatives makes them an interesting moiety in the field of medicinal chemistry. The objective of the study was to identify and develop novel antimicrobial agents from indanyl analogs.Methods: Recently synthesized indanyl analogs (4a-c and 5a-o) were examined against various pathogenic microorganisms (Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi) using serial dilution method. These analogs were found to possess antibacterial and antifungal activities with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging between 1.56 and 100 μg/mL.Results: The results revealed that the entire compounds showed mild-to-moderate antibacterial activities and moderate-to-excellent antifungal activities against the pathogenic microorganisms as compared to the standard drugs ciprofloxacin and fluconazole, respectively. Compounds 4a, 5a, 5b, 5d, 5e, 5i, and 5j exhibited antifungal activities superior to the reference drug.Conclusion: Based on the structure-activity relationship, it can conclude that the indan-3-oxo-1-acetic acid moiety is essential for the activities and lipophilic alkoxy substituents on indane ring have enhanced the biological activity. Further, structure-activity relationship studies of the compounds 4a, 5a, and 5b are needful to find the new lead as antimicrobial agent.

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Stefanovic, Olgica, Ivana Radojevic, and Ljiljana Comic. "Synthetic cinnamates as potential antimicrobial agents." Chemical Industry 69, no. 1 (2015): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind130928014s.

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This study deals with synthesis of methyl cinnamate, butyl cinnamate, and p-methoxy methyl cinnamate and testing of their in vitro antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity was examined towards 29 microorganisms using microdilution method. It is shown that antimicrobial activity of methyl cinnamate and p-methoxy methyl cinnamate was better than that of butyl cinnamate. Sarcina lutea, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, B. subtilis and B. subtilis IP 5832 (probiotic) were the most sensitive bacteria. It is established that p-methoxy methyl cinnamate can be a new, potential anti-Staphylococcus aureus agent with minimum inhibitory concentration of 62.5 ?g/ml. Methyl cinnamate and p-methoxy methyl cinnamate inhibited the growth of Aspergillus restrictus, A. flavus and A. fumigatus in the concentration range from 62.5 ?g/ml to 250 ?g/ml.

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Singh, S. P., and Krishna Jha. "Indolinone Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents." Zentralblatt für Mikrobiologie 144, no. 2 (1989): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0232-4393(89)80073-3.

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Patil, Siddappa A., Aravind R. Nesaragi, Raúl R. Rodríguez-Berrios, Sydney M. Hampton, Alejandro Bugarin, and Shivaputra A. Patil. "Coumarin Triazoles as Potential Antimicrobial Agents." Antibiotics 12, no. 1 (2023): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010160.

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Currently, in hospitals and community health centers, microbial infections are highly common diseases and are a leading cause of death worldwide. Antibiotics are generally used to fight microbial infections; however, because of the abuse of antibiotics, microbes have become increasingly more resistant to most of them. Therefore, medicinal chemists are constantly searching for new or improved alternatives to combat microbial infections. Coumarin triazole derivatives displayed a variety of therapeutic applications, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. This review summarizes the advances of coumarin triazole derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents covering articles published from 2006 to 2022.

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Shivam, Yadav Chetana Mayekar Nikita Pagare Alnaj Thange Sonal Yadav. "Naphthalene: A Multidimensional Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry with Promising Antimicrobial Potential." International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 12 (2024): 3280–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14565869.

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Naphthalene, a bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, has emerged as an important structural component in the development of antimicrobial agents. The naphthalene moiety is featured in numerous compounds that demonstrate significant activity against a wide variety of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This review article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of in vitro studies focusing on the antimicrobial activity of naphthalene derivatives against various pathogenic microorganisms. By reviewing the findings from recent experimental studies, this article will highlight the effectiveness of these compounds and their potential in the development of new antimicrobial therapies. The review seeks to offer a comprehensive understanding of the scope and limitations of naphthalene-based antimicrobials in addressing microbial infections, with an emphasis on in vitro results and their clinical relevance.

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Motelica, Ludmila, Denisa Ficai, Anton Ficai, et al. "Innovative Antimicrobial Chitosan/ZnO/Ag NPs/Citronella Essential Oil Nanocomposite—Potential Coating for Grapes." Foods 9, no. 12 (2020): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121801.

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New packaging materials based on biopolymers are gaining increasing attention due to many advantages like biodegradability or existence of renewable sources. Grouping more antimicrobials agents in the same packaging can create a synergic effect, resulting in either a better antimicrobial activity against a wider spectrum of spoilage agents or a lower required quantity of antimicrobials. In the present work, we obtained a biodegradable antimicrobial film that can be used as packaging material for food. Films based on chitosan as biodegradable polymer, with ZnO and Ag nanoparticles as filler/antimicrobial agents were fabricated by a casting method. The nanoparticles were loaded with citronella essential oil (CEO) in order to enhance the antimicrobial activity of the nanocomposite films. The tests made on Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal strains indicated a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, with inhibition diameters of over 30 mm for bacterial strains and over 20 mm for fungal strains. The synergic effect was evidenced by comparing the antimicrobial results with chitosan/ZnO/CEO or chitosan/Ag/CEO simple films. According to the literature and our preliminary studies, these formulations are suitable as coating for fruits. The obtained nanocomposite films presented lower water vapor permeability values when compared with the chitosan control film. The samples were characterized by SEM, fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and microscopy, and thermal analysis.

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Yimer, Ebrahim M., Ousman A. Mohammed, and Seid I. Mohammedseid. "Pharmacological Exploitation of Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs as Potential Sources of Novel Antibacterial Agents." Anti-Infective Agents 17, no. 2 (2019): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211352516666181008114542.

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The ever-increasing threat of bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance calls for a global effort to deal with this problem. This fast and universal dissemination of antimicrobialresistant bacterial strains resulted in the diminution of therapeutic alternatives for various infectious diseases. Besides, the unaffordability of efficacious antimicrobials coupled with the occurrence of unpleasant adverse effects calls for the exploration of alternative agents with possible antibacterial effect. All these challenges of microbes have posed new drives to the scientific communities. Researchers are now assessing the possible alternative antimicrobial agents for fighting bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, this review emphasizes on the role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents as potential sources of novel antibacterial agents on which preliminary studies and randomized controlled trials had been performed. The review also deals with the possible antibacterial mechanism of actions and the likely effects of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs when combined along with conventional antibacterial agents.

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Jenssen, Håvard, Pamela Hamill, and Robert E. W. Hancock. "Peptide Antimicrobial Agents." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 19, no. 3 (2006): 491–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00056-05.

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SUMMARY Antimicrobial host defense peptides are produced by all complex organisms as well as some microbes and have diverse and complex antimicrobial activities. Collectively these peptides demonstrate a broad range of antiviral and antibacterial activities and modes of action, and it is important to distinguish between direct microbicidal and indirect activities against such pathogens. The structural requirements of peptides for antiviral and antibacterial activities are evaluated in light of the diverse set of primary and secondary structures described for host defense peptides. Peptides with antifungal and antiparasitic activities are discussed in less detail, although the broad-spectrum activities of such peptides indicate that they are important host defense molecules. Knowledge regarding the relationship between peptide structure and function as well as their mechanism of action is being applied in the design of antimicrobial peptide variants as potential novel therapeutic agents.

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Saketi, Jaganmohana Rao, S. N. Murthy Boddapati, Raghuram M, Geetha Bhavani Koduru, and Haribabu Bollikolla. "Novel Substituted Indazoles towards Potential Antimicrobial Agents." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 37, no. 2 (2021): 508–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/370234.

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The in vitroantimicrobial properties of a series of N-methyl-3-aryl indazoles (5a-5j) were screened. In this present work, we describe our efforts towards the development of potent antimicrobial activity of synthesized indazole derivatives. The antimicrobial activities of the prepared compounds were investigated against four bacterial strains: Xanthomonas campestris, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, and a fungal strain Candida albicans. The biological evaluation studies of these indazole derivatives revealed that some of these tested compounds have shown moderate to goodin vitroantimicrobial activities.

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Lokhandwala, S. R., and K. R. Desai. "Novel Organophosphorus Compounds as Potential Antimicrobial Agents." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 183, no. 5 (2008): 1264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426500701640827.

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Klimešová, Věra, Martin Svoboda, Karel Waisser, Milan Pour, and Jarmila Kaustová. "New pyridine derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents." Il Farmaco 54, no. 10 (1999): 666–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-827x(99)00078-6.

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Guzmán-Rodríguez, Jaquelina Julia, Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa, Rodolfo López-Gómez, and Joel E. López-Meza. "Plant Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Anticancer Agents." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/735087.

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are part of the innate immune defense mechanism of many organisms and are promising candidates to treat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria to animals and humans. AMPs also display anticancer activities because of their ability to inactivate a wide range of cancer cells. Cancer remains a cause of high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, the development of methods for its control is desirable. Attractive alternatives include plant AMP thionins, defensins, and cyclotides, which have anticancer activities. Here, we provide an overview of plant AMPs anticancer activities, with an emphasis on their mode of action, their selectivity, and their efficacy.

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Amarh, Margaret Amerley, Michael Konney Laryea, and Lawrence Sheringham Borquaye. "De novo peptides as potential antimicrobial agents." Heliyon 9, no. 9 (2023): e19641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19641.

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Isbel, Stephen R., Siddappa A. Patil, and Alejandro Bugarin. "NHCs silver complexes as potential antimicrobial agents." Inorganica Chimica Acta 563 (April 2024): 121899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2023.121899.

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Speranza, Barbara, Angela Guerrieri, Angela Racioppo, Antonio Bevilacqua, Daniela Campaniello, and Maria Rosaria Corbo. "Sage and Lavender Essential Oils as Potential Antimicrobial Agents for Foods." Microbiology Research 14, no. 3 (2023): 1089–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14030073.

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Modern society is becoming more and more reluctant to use antibiotic or chemical compounds in food production and is demanding foods without what they perceive as artificial and harmful chemicals, including many used as antimicrobials and preservatives in food. Another big problem is the improper use of antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum ones, which has significantly contributed to increased antibiotic resistance in many microorganisms. As a consequence, the whole scientific world has recently concentrated numerous studies on the research of natural remedies capable of counteracting multidrug-resistant strains and fighting infections: the use of aromatic plants and their essential oils (EOs) as potential alternatives to conventional antimicrobials to extend shelf life and combat foodborne pathogens has heightened. Among EOs, sage and lavender have also been promoted for their potential antimicrobial capabilities. In this review, we summarize the latest research studies performed about sage and lavender EOs, focusing on their chemical composition and their biological and antimicrobial properties; the aim is to give an overview of the current knowledge about their major components, effectiveness, mechanisms of action, synergistic effects and use in foods to facilitate a widespread application in both food and pharmaceuticals industries.

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Huang, Fuqing, Kunling Teng, Yayong Liu, et al. "Bacteriocins: Potential for Human Health." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (April 10, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5518825.

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Due to the challenges of antibiotic resistance to global health, bacteriocins as antimicrobial compounds have received more and more attention. Bacteriocins are biosynthesized by various microbes and are predominantly used as food preservatives to control foodborne pathogens. Now, increasing researches have focused on bacteriocins as potential clinical antimicrobials or immune-modulating agents to fight against the global threat to human health. Given the broad- or narrow-spectrum antimicrobial activity, bacteriocins have been reported to inhibit a wide range of clinically pathogenic and multidrug-resistant bacteria, thus preventing the infections caused by these bacteria in the human body. Otherwise, some bacteriocins also show anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory activities. Because of the safety and being not easy to cause drug resistance, some bacteriocins appear to have better efficacy and application prospects than existing therapeutic agents do. In this review, we highlight the potential therapeutic activities of bacteriocins and suggest opportunities for their application.

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Masoamphambe, Effita Fifi, Bright Lipenga, Raymond Pongolani, et al. "The market systems and supply chain of antimicrobial agents in Malawi." Wellcome Open Research 10 (March 5, 2025): 123. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23280.1.

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Background A central pillar of the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is to optimize use of antimicrobials. Whilst excessive use of antimicrobials drives AMR, scarcity has a negative impact on patients needing access to treatment for infectious diseases. Addressing this issue necessitates concerted efforts to enhance the antimicrobial supply chain. However, achieving tangible improvements requires a comprehensive understanding of the existing processes of antimicrobial supply. Notably, there exists a gap in the literature on the market dynamics and supply chain processes of antimicrobials in Malawi. Methods We used an exploratory qualitative approach to this study; data were collected through in-depth interview between March and June in 2021 in Blantyre, and findings triangulated at a workshop at the end. Purposive sampling methods were used to identify 17 study participants from both the public and private health sector. Data analysis was done using thematic analysis in NVivo 11 software. Results Antimicrobials are largely imported into Malawi and consumers access antimicrobials through a mixture of public, private, and parallel supply chains. Formal antimicrobial supply chain actors comprise distributors which operate under obligations set by regulators while informal supply involves distribution of unregulated antimicrobial products. Regulation of distributors is compromised by human and financial resources constraints. Conclusion Shortcomings in the regulation of the antimicrobial supply chain in Malawi poses potential significant challenges for the optimal management of patients with infectious disease. This includes an inability to enforce regulation of the formal market leading to poor prescription practices and unnecessary antimicrobial usage. Addressing these issues is crucial for safeguarding public health and combating the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Further research should be done to investigate the extent of the problem posed by illegal antimicrobial routes and to develop interventions aimed at strengthening regulatory frameworks and health systems to improve patient access to antimicrobials.

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Rabea, Esraa Yasser, Esraa Dakrory Mahmoud, Nada Khaled Mohamed, et al. "Potential of Venom-Derived Compounds for the Development of New Antimicrobial Agents." Toxins 17, no. 5 (2025): 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17050238.

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The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a significant challenge in global healthcare, necessitating innovative techniques to address multidrug-resistant pathogens. Multidrug-resistant pathogens like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa pose significant public health threats, as they are increasingly resistant to common antibiotics, leading to more severe and difficult-to-treat infections. These pathogens are part of the ESKAPE group, which includes Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacter species. Animal venoms, derived from a wide range of species such as snakes, scorpions, spiders, bees, wasps, and ants, represent a rich source of bioactive peptides. Venoms have been a valuable source for drug discovery, providing unique compounds with therapeutic potential. Venom-derived drugs are known for their increased bioactivity, specificity, and stability compared to synthetic alternatives. These compounds are being investigated for various conditions, including treatments for diabetes, pain relief, cancer, and infections, showcasing their remarkable antimicrobial efficacy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive investigation into the potential of venom-derived compounds for developing new antimicrobial agents, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic therapeutics. Key venom components, including melittin from bee venom, phospholipase A2 from snake venom, and chlorotoxin from scorpion venom, exhibit potent antimicrobial effects through mechanisms such as membrane disruption, enzymatic inhibition, and immune modulation. We also explore the challenges related to the development and clinical use of venom-derived antimicrobials, including toxicity, stability, and delivery mechanisms. These compounds hold immense promise as transformative tools against resistant pathogens, offering a unique avenue for groundbreaking advancements in antimicrobial research and therapeutic development.

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Manorama, Garima Awasthi. "A Overview Of The 2-Aminopyrimidine Derivatives As Antimicrobial Agents." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 8 (2024): 2420–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13167948.

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The ongoing challenge of antimicrobial resistance necessitates the continuous exploration of new antimicrobial agents. Among various chemical scaffolds, 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives have garnered significant attention due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives, highlighting their chemical synthesis, structural diversity, and mechanisms of action. Emphasis is placed on recent advancements in the development of these compounds, their activity against a variety of microbial pathogens, and their potential as therapeutic agents. By consolidating current knowledge and identifying future research directions, this overview aims to support the ongoing efforts in combating antimicrobial resistance through the development of novel 2-aminopyrimidine-based antimicrobials.

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Bin Liew, Kai, Ashok Kumar Janakiraman, Ramkanth Sundarapandian, et al. "A review and revisit of nanoparticles for antimicrobial drug delivery." Journal of Medicine and Life 15, no. 3 (2022): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25122/jml-2021-0097.

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Antimicrobials are widely used to treat bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Therefore, research and development of newer types of antimicrobials are important. Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a major challenge to the healthcare system, although various alternative antimicrobials have been proposed. However, none of these show consistent and comparable efficacy to antimicrobials in clinical trials. More recently, nanoparticles have emerged as a potential solution to antimicrobial agents to overcome antimicrobial resistance. This article revisits and updates applications of various types of nanoparticles for the delivery of antimicrobial agents and their characterization. Though nanoparticle technology has some limitations, it provides an innovative approach to pharmaceutical technology. Furthermore, nanoparticles offer a variety of advantages, such as enhancement of solubility and permeation, leading to better efficacy. In this article, approaches commonly employed to improve antimicrobial therapy are discussed. These approaches have advantages and applications and provide a broader opportunity for pharmaceutical scientists to choose the proper method per the desired outcome.

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Desai, Nisheeth C., Darshita V. Vaja, Krunalsinh A. Jadeja, Surbhi B. Joshi, and Vijay M. Khedkar. "Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study of Pyrazole, Pyrazoline Clubbed Pyridine as Potential Antimicrobial Agents." Anti-Infective Agents 18, no. 3 (2020): 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211352517666190627144315.

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Introduction: In continuation of our efforts to find new antimicrobials, herein we report the synthesis of various pyrazole, pyrazoline, and pyridine based novel bioactive heterocycles (3a-t). Methods: Newly synthesized compounds were analysed for their antimicrobial activity. Compounds 3c, 3h, 3i, 3k, 3n, and 3q showed significant antimicrobial activity. Results: Molecular docking study for the most active analogues against DNA gyrase subunit b (PDB ID: 1KZN) corroborated well with the observed antimicrobial potency exhibiting significant binding affinity. Conclusion: Interpretation of the chemical structures reported in this paper was based on IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectral data.

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Alotaibi, Areej M., Nasser B. Alsaleh, Alanoud T. Aljasham, et al. "Silver Nanoparticle-Based Combinations with Antimicrobial Agents against Antimicrobial-Resistant Clinical Isolates." Antibiotics 11, no. 9 (2022): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11091219.

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The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria along with the limited development of antimicrobials warrant investigating novel antimicrobial modalities. Emerging inorganic engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), most notably silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), have demonstrated superior antimicrobial properties. However, AgNPs, particularly those of small size, could exert overt toxicity to mammalian cells. This study investigated whether combining AgNPs and conventional antimicrobials would produce a synergistic response and determined the optimal and safe minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range against several wild-type Gram-positive and -negative strains and three different clinical isolates of AMR Klebsiella pneumoniae. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the synergistic combinations was assessed in a human hepatocyte model. The results showed that the AgNPs (15–25 nm) were effective against Gram-negative bacteria (MIC of 16–128 µg/mL) but not Gram-positive strains (MIC of 256 µg/mL). Both wild-type and AMR K. pneumoniae had similar MIC values following exposure to AgNPs. Importantly, co-exposure to combinations of AgNPs and antimicrobial agents, including kanamycin, colistin, rifampicin, and vancomycin, displayed synergy against both wild-type and AMR K. pneumoniae isolates (except for vancomycin against AMR strain I). Notably, the tested combinations demonstrated no to minimal toxicity against hepatocytes. Altogether, this study indicates the potential of combining AgNPs with conventional antimicrobials to overcome AMR bacteria.

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KOCADAĞ, Meryemnur, Pinar SANLIBABA, Rezzan KASIM, and Mehmet Ufuk KASIM. "Natural and commercial antimicrobial agents that inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes strains." Scientia Agropecuaria 13, no. 4 (2022): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.032.

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Vinegar products have gained popularity as an all-natural antimicrobial agent in recent years. In the present study, the antimicrobial susceptibility of 29 Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from ready-to-eat foods was detected against natural and commercial antimicrobial agents, vinegar produced from different raw materials, lemon juice, sodium bicarbonate, and hydrogen peroxide, by using the disc diffusion method. Different concentrations of antimicrobial agents were tested against varying cell densities of the L. monocytogenes strain (105, 106, and 107 CFU/mL). The inhibition zone diameter was measured to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of antimicrobial agents on L. monocytogenes strains. The inhibition zone diameters of L. monocytogenes strains were 6.0–8.8 mm and 6.0–11.3 mm against traditional and commercial vinegar types, respectively. The commercial vinegar types showed higher antimicrobial efficacy than the conventional ones. The inhibition zone diameters of L. monocytogenes strains against carbonate, lemon juice, and hydrogen peroxide were 6.0, 6.0–9.0, and 33.9–51.9 mm, respectively. The antimicrobial efficacy of hydrogen peroxide was the highest among the tested antimicrobial agents. This study showed that vinegar products have potential to be utilized as natural antimicrobials on food-borne pathogens like L. monocytogenes.

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Zhanel, George G., Michael A. Zhanel, and James A. Karlowsky. "Intravenous Fosfomycin: An Assessment of Its Potential for Use in the Treatment of Systemic Infections in Canada." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2018 (June 25, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8912039.

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Fosfomycin is a bactericidal agent that inhibits cell wall synthesis using a mechanism of action distinct from β-lactams or other antimicrobial agents. It is a broad-spectrum agent that is frequently active against antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae, and some isolates of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Intravenous fosfomycin has been prescribed for a wide variety of infections in many countries for >40 years. It is most frequently used in combination with other antimicrobial agents (e.g., β-lactams, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides) and has an excellent safety profile, including in neonates and children, even with long-term administration (weeks). Fosfomycin achieves extensive tissue distribution including difficult to reach compartments such as aqueous humor, vitreous humor, abscess fluid, and CSF. Available data, to date, suggest no clinically relevant pharmacological interactions between fosfomycin and other agents, including drugs, stimulants, or food. Intravenous fosfomycin’s role in therapy in Canada is likely as an agent used alone or in combination for complicated urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients as well as hospitalized patients with MDR infections who have not responded to first-, and potentially, second-line antimicrobials or in patients who cannot tolerate (due to adverse effects) first- and second-line antimicrobials.

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Primon-Barros, Muriel, and Alexandre José Macedo. "Animal Venom Peptides: Potential for New Antimicrobial Agents." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 17, no. 10 (2017): 1119–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026616666160930151242.

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Giovine, Arianna, Marilena Muraglia, Marco Florio, et al. "Synthesis of Functionalized Arylaziridines as Potential Antimicrobial Agents." Molecules 19, no. 8 (2014): 11505–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules190811505.

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Chen, Ying-Ying, Lavanya Gopala, Rammohan R. Yadav Bheemanaboina, et al. "Novel Naphthalimide Aminothiazoles as Potential Multitargeting Antimicrobial Agents." ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters 8, no. 12 (2017): 1331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00452.

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Valent, Aladár, Milan Melnı́k, Daniela Hudecová, Barbora Dudová, Raikko Kivekäs, and Markku R. Sundberg. "Copper(II) salicylideneglycinate complexes as potential antimicrobial agents." Inorganica Chimica Acta 340 (November 2002): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(02)01062-9.

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Zia-ur-Rehman, Niaz Muhammad, Afzal Shah, Saqib Ali, Ian S. Butler, and Auke Meetsma. "Supramolecular organotin(IV) dithiocarboxylates as potential antimicrobial agents." Journal of Coordination Chemistry 65, no. 18 (2012): 3238–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2012.707316.

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Sharma, Sahil, Vikas Thakur, Ritu Ojha, Abhishek Budhiraja, Kunal Nepali, and Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi. "Aza Analogs of Flavones as Potential Antimicrobial Agents." Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 10, no. 4 (2013): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180811310040006.

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Singh, Girwar, Neeraj Kumar, Ashok K. Yadav, and A. K. Mishra. "Potential antimicrobial agents: Trifluoromethyl-10H-phenothiazines and ribofuranosides." Heteroatom Chemistry 14, no. 6 (2003): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hc.10165.

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Vashistha, Vinod Kumar, Sonali Gautam, Renu Bala, Anuj Kumar, and Dipak Kumar Das. "Transition Metal-Based Nanoparticles as Potential Antimicrobial Agents." Reviews and Advances in Chemistry 12, no. 4 (2022): 222–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2634827622600244.

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Oliphant, Catherine M. "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Therapy for Infectious Diseases." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 8, no. 1 (1995): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009500800103.

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Optimal use of antimicrobial agents is dependent on a multitude of factors. Empiric therapy should be based on the patient's underlying disease states, the most likely organisms suspected, and susceptibility patterns. Once susceptibilities are known, therapy should be streamlined. A number of factors must be evaluated during therapy. The site of infections must be considered when choosing antimicrobial agents. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) should be evaluated ; the antimicrobial agent's MIC should be at or below the breakpoint for the organism to be considered susceptible. Antimicrobial agent selection and dosing should take into consideration not only the MIC, but also the post-antibiotic effect, if applicable. Serum concentrations of antimicrobial agents should be obtained and evaluated to ensure therapeutic levels and to avoid potential toxicities. The choice of an antimicrobial agent is complicated by the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Drug-resistant gram-positive and gram-negative infections are increasing. We must attempt to control resistance by choosing appropriate antimicrobial agents and maximizing dosages. Pharmacists can play a critical role in the management of patients who receive antimicrobial agents.

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Sharma, Praveen Kumar, and Reena Makkar. "A REVIEW: THIAZINES DERIVATIVES TREATED AS POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 1 (2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i1.115467.

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ABSTRACTIn recent days, heterocycles and their derivatives have become strong reflection in medicinal research and pharmaceutical fields because of theirpractical pharmacological and biological activities. Organic compounds; mainly heterocyclic compounds are wealthy in natural world and containextra value because their structural subunits are established in many natural products such as enzymes, vitamins, antibiotics, acids, and hormones.Thiazine nucleuses found in compounds have variety of pharmacological activities such as antitumor, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral,and anti-inflammatory. This review spotlight on the substituted thiazines with possible antimicrobial activities that are at the present in development.Keywords: Antibacterial, Substituted thiazines, Antimicrobial agents.

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Golkar, Zhabiz, Omar Bagasra, and Donald Gene Pace. "Bacteriophage therapy: a potential solution for the antibiotic resistance crisis." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, no. 02 (2014): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3573.

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The emergence of multiple drug-resistant bacteria has prompted interest in alternatives to conventional antimicrobials. One of the possible replacement options for antibiotics is the use of bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents. Phage therapy is an important alternative to antibiotics in the current era of drug-resistant pathogens. Bacteriophages have played an important role in the expansion of molecular biology and have been used as antibacterial agents since 1966. In this review, we describe a brief history of bacteriophages and clinical studies on their use in bacterial disease prophylaxis and therapy. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of bacteriophages as therapeutic agents in this regard.

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Chen, Baixing, T. Fintan Moriarty, Hans Steenackers, et al. "Exploring the potential of naturally occurring antimicrobials for managing orthopedic-device-related infections." Journal of Bone and Joint Infection 9, no. 5 (2024): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jbji-9-249-2024.

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Abstract. Orthopedic-device-related infections (ODRIs) are challenging clinical complications that are often exacerbated by antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. This review explores the efficacy of naturally occurring antimicrobials – including agents sourced from bacteria, fungi, viruses, animals, plants and minerals – against pathogens common in ODRIs. The limitations of traditional antibiotic agents are presented, and innovative naturally occurring antimicrobials, such as bacteriophage therapy and antimicrobial peptides, are evaluated with respect to their interaction with conventional antibiotics and antibiofilm efficacy. The integration of these natural agents into clinical practice could revolutionize ODRI treatment strategies, offering effective alternatives to conventional antibiotics and mitigating resistance development. However, the translation of these compounds from research into the clinic may require the substantial investment of intellectual and financial resources.

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Ribeiro, Adriana, Rahaf Alsayyed, Daniele Oliveira, Rui Loureiro, and Helena Cabral-Marques. "Cannabinoids from C. sativa L.: Systematic Review on Potential Pharmacological Effects against Infectious Diseases Downstream and Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens." Future Pharmacology 4, no. 3 (2024): 590–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futurepharmacol4030033.

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Cannabis sativa L. has garnered attention as a potential source for new antimicrobial agents, particularly due to the increased prevalence of microbial resistance to conventional antimicrobials and the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. This review, conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 statement, systematically analyzed the antimicrobial properties of C. sativa extracts and cannabinoids against various bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Data were collected from the scientific literature (102 papers) and clinical trials (5 studies) from 2014 to June 2024. Findings revealed that cannabinoids, especially CBD, demonstrate significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria like MRSA, Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, various Candida species, SARS-CoV-2, and HIV. Additionally, CBD showed efficacy against parasitic infections like Echinococcus granulosus and Leishmania species. These results suggest that cannabinoids may represent a new class of antimicrobial agents with unique and diverse mechanisms of action, potentially effective in broad-spectrum therapies. This study highlights the urgent need for further research and standardized clinical trials to validate these findings and to develop cannabinoid-based treatments. The antimicrobial properties of C. sativa align with WHO priorities and support global health initiatives, offering promising avenues for addressing antimicrobial resistance and improving public health outcomes.

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RAKESH, K. BANERJEE, LAKHAN RAM, and N. SHUKLA B. "A Simple Preparation of 1-Methyl-3-aryl-2-thio-2,4(1H,3H)-quinazolindiones as Potential Antimicrobial Agents." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 75, Jan 1998 (1998): 52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5913210.

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Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005 Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005 Manuscript received 21 June 1996, revised 10 February 1997, accepted 8 April 1997 A Simple Preparation of 1-Methyl-3-aryl-2-thio-2,4(1H,3H)-quinazolindiones as Potential Antimicrobial Agents.

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Yasein, Nada, Wejdan Shroukh, Farihan Barghouti, et al. "The potential counter effect of COVID-19 outbreak on an antimicrobial agents prescribing educational intervention." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 15, no. 11 (2021): 1653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.15213.

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Introduction: Educational interventions targeting health care professionals can contribute to improving knowledge and behaviors of antimicrobial agents prescribing. However, the unprecedented COVID-19 outbreak caused a disruption of the current practices and treatment guidelines. Therefore, it is highly likely that the pandemic had its disruptive effect on any educational interventions that were going on during the outbreak. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention in improving antimicrobial agents prescribing Methodology: This was a randomized controlled study that included 69 resident physicians in a teaching hospital. The intervention group received an educational intervention focusing on antimicrobial agents prescribing and resistance. Before and after the intervention, outpatient antimicrobial agents prescribing rates for the two study arms were compared for the pre- and post-intervention periods. Additionally, all participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire that measured their knowledge, attitudes and behavioral intention towards antimicrobial agents resistance and prescription. The post-intervention period included the months of February, March, and June 2020. April and May were excluded from the study period since clinics were closed due to the COVID -19 pandemic. Results: Post-intervention, the rate of antimicrobial agents prescribing by the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.001). Mean fear score for the intervention group was significantly lower than that for the control group after the intervention. Conclusions: Findings indicate failure of the educational intervention in improving antimicrobial agents prescribing. However, an unexpected counter effect of the COVID-19 outbreak is highly likely.

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Krátký, Martin, Neto-Honorius Houngbedji, and Jarmila Vinšová. "Hidden potential of hydrazinecarboxamides (semicarbazides) as potential antimicrobial agents: A review." Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 180 (November 2024): 117556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117556.

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46

Oliphant, Catherine M. "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Therapy for Infectious Diseases." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 10, no. 1 (1997): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009701000104.

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Abstract:

Optimal use of antimicrobial agents is dependent on a multitude of factors. Empiric therapy should be based on the patient's underlying disease states, the most likely organisms suspected, and susceptibility patterns. Once susceptibilities are known, therapy should be streamlined. A number of factors must be evaluated during therapy. The site of infections must be considered when choosing antimicrobial agents. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) should be evaluated; the antimicrobial agent's MIC should be at or below the breakpoint for the organism to be considered susceptible. Antimicrobial agent selec tion and dosing should take into consideration not only the MIC, but also the post-antibiotic effect, if appli cable. Serum concentrations of antimicrobial agents should be obtained and evaluated to ensure thera peutic levels and to avoid potential toxicities. The choice of an antimicrobial agent is complicated by the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Drug-resistant gram-positive and gram-negative infections are in creasing. We must attempt to control resistance by choosing appropriate antimicrobial agents and maxi mizing dosages. Pharmacists can play a critical role in the management of patients who receive antimi crobial agents.

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47

Ratajczak, Katarzyna, Agnieszka Piotrowska-Cyplik, and Paweł Cyplik. "Analysis of the Effect of Various Potential Antimicrobial Agents on the Quality of the Unpasteurized Carrot Juice." Molecules 28, no. 17 (2023): 6297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176297.

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Short shelf-life and poor microbial quality of minimally processed foods of plant origin pose a serious problem for the food industry. Novel techniques of minimal treatment combined with disinfection are being researched, and, for fresh juice, the addition of antimicrobial agents appears to be a promising route. In this research, fresh, nonfiltered, unpasteurized carrot juice was mixed with four potential antimicrobials (bourbon vanilla extract, peppermint extract, cannabidiol oil, and grapefruit extract). All four variants and the reference pure carrot juice were analyzed for metapopulational changes, microbial changes, and physicochemical changes. The potential antimicrobials used in the research have improved the overall microbial quality of carrot juice across 4 days of storage. However, it is important to notice that each of the four agents had a different spectrum of effectiveness towards the groups identified in the microflora of carrot juice. Additionally, the antimicrobials have increased the diversity of the carrot juice microbiome but did not prevent the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, the use of antimicrobial agents such as essential oils or their derivatives may be a promising way of improving the microbial quality and prolonging the shelf-life of minimally processed foods, such as fresh juices, but the technique requires further research.

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Zanjani, Negar T., Monica Miranda-Saksena, Anthony L. Cunningham, and Fariba Dehghani. "Antimicrobial Peptides of Marine Crustaceans: The Potential and Challenges of Developing Therapeutic Agents." Current Medicinal Chemistry 25, no. 19 (2018): 2245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666171106155936.

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The alarming increase of antimicrobial resistance has led to a growing number of studies aiming to develop novel antimicrobial therapeutics. Natural antimicrobial peptides possess a potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity combined with diverse and unique structural motifs, which confer their different mechanisms of action. These peptides are ubiquitous in organisms and are integral to the innate immune system. Recently, identification of antimicrobial peptides from marine crustaceans has become the centre of attention of many researchers. This increasing interest stems from the remarkable diversity in the structural and genetic composition of these peptides compared to terrestrial counterparts. Thus, peptides from marine crustaceans can serve as future templates for novel antimicrobial agents. Here, we provide an overview of various antimicrobial peptides from the marine crustaceans, their antimicrobial activity and structure- activity relationships. We also discuss the potential and challenges of their development as new antimicrobial agents.

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Rayan, Mahmoud, Saleh Abu Lafi, Mizied Falah, et al. "Alkyl Gallates as Potential Antibiofilm Agents: A Review." Molecules 28, no. 4 (2023): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041751.

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Biofilms, which consist of microorganisms embedded in a polymer-rich matrix, contribute to a variety of infections and increase antimicrobial resistance. Thus, there is a constant need to develop new chemotherapeutic agents to combat biofilms. This review article focuses on the use of alkyl gallates, gallic acid and its esters (methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, and dodecyl gallate), most of which are found in plants, to inhibit biofilm formation. The studies under review reveal that alkyl gallates have the capacity to prevent biofilm development and eradicate mature biofilms through mechanisms that suppress the synthesis of the extracellular polymeric matrix, inhibit quorum-sensing signaling, and alter the microbial cell membrane. The effects are stronger the greater the length of the alkyl chain. Moreover, the alkyl gallates’ preventive activity against biofilm formation occurs at doses below the minimum inhibitory concentration. More importantly, combining alkyl gallates with antimicrobials or blue-light irradiation produces a synergistic effect on the inhibition of biofilm formation that can be used to treat infections and overcome microbial resistance.

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Morsy, Mohamed A., Enas M. Ali, Mahmoud Kandeel, et al. "Screening and Molecular Docking of Novel Benzothiazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents." Antibiotics 9, no. 5 (2020): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9050221.

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The burden of antibiotic resistance necessitates a continued search for new antimicrobials. We evaluated the antimicrobial activities of novel benzothiazoles synthesized by our group. Antibacterial activity was evaluated in vitro in Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli, while the antifungal activity was tested in Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, and expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; µg/mL). MIC values of benzothiazole compounds ranged from 25 to 200 µg/mL. Compounds 3 and 4 gave high antibacterial and moderate antifungal activities, while 10 and 12 showed moderate activity against all tested organisms. In addition, some benzothiazole compounds significantly suppressed the activity of Escherichia coli dihydroorotase and inhibited the dimorphic transition of Candida albicans. Moreover, the active benzothiazole compounds induced DNA and protein leakage in Aspergillus niger spores. Molecular interactions of benzothiazole derivatives with dihydroorotase revealed the formation of hydrogen bonds with the active site residues LEU222 or ASN44. Strong hydrophobic interactions of the bulky thiazole and naphthalene rings at the entrance to the active site might interfere with the access of substrates to their binding sites, which results in dihydroorotase inhibition. Thus, inhibition of dihydroorotase might contribute to the observed antimicrobial actions of these compounds.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Potential antimicrobial agents'

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