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1
Arabian plate hydrocarbon geology and potential: A plate tectonic approach. Tulsa, Okla., U.S.A: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1991.
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2
Volozh, I︠U︡ A. Orenburgskiĭ tektonicheskiĭ uzel: Geologicheskoe stroenie i neftegazonosnostʹ = Orenburg tectonic junction : geological structure and petroleum potential. Moskva: Nauchnyĭ mir, 2013.
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3
Office, General Accounting. Defense acquisitions: Antiarmor Munitions Master Plan does not identify potential excesses or support planned procurements : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Defense, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 2000.
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4
Oldstone, Michael B. A. Viruses, Plagues, and History. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190056780.001.0001.
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“Viruses, Plagues, & History” focuses on the effects of viral diseases on human history. Written by an eminent internationally respected virologist, it couples the fabric of history with major concepts developed in virology, immunology, vaccination, and accounts by people who first had, saw and acted at the times these events occurred. Much of the preventive and therapeutic progress (vaccines, antiviral drugs) has been made in the last 60 years. Many of those who played commanding roles in the fight to understand, control and eradicate viruses and viral diseases are (were) personally known to the author and several episodes described in this book reflect their input. The book records the amazing accomplishments that led to the control of lethal and disabling viral diseases caused by Smallpox, Yellow Fever, Measles, Polio, Hepatitis A, B and C, and HIV. These six success stories are contrasted with viral infections currently out of control—COVID-19, Ebola virus, Lassa Fever virus, Hantavirus, West Nile virus, and Zika. Influenza, under reasonable containment at present, but with the potential to revert to a world-wide pandemic similar to 1918–1919 where over 50 million people were killed. The new platforms to develop inhibitory and prophylactic vaccines to limit these and other viral diseases is contrasted to the anti-vaccine movement and the false prophets of autism.
5
Renata, Dmowska, and Ekström Göran, eds. Shallow subduction zones: Seismicity, mechanics, and seismic potential. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1993.
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6
DMOWSKA and ECKSTRÖM. Shallow Subduction Zones: Seismicity, Mechanics and Seismic Potential Part 1 (Pageoph Topical Volumes). Birkhauser, 1993.
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7
Saraiya, Ami, Deep Joshipura, and Alice Gottlieb. Psoriasis treatment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737582.003.0026.
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Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin disease that is associated with various factors, including genetics, stress, infections, and environmental triggers. Numerous treatment options exist for plaque psoriasis including topical therapy, phototherapy, systemic therapy, and biological therapy. In order to select a treatment for a patient, a clinician must consider many aspects. First, one must assess the impact and burden of the disease on a patient as well as a patient’s expectations from therapy. Other important factors to consider include the severity of skin disease, location of psoriatic plaques, comorbidities and presence of psoriatic arthritis, efficacy of different treatments, potential side-effects, safety, and cost. In this chapter, an evidence-based review is presented on the treatment armamentarium for psoriasis as well as new biological treatments and those under investigation. In order to guide practitioners, several treatment algorithms are provided and others are referenced from the literature.
8
Veech, Richard L., and M. Todd King. Alzheimer’s Disease. Edited by Detlev Boison. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190497996.003.0026.
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Deficits in cerebral glucose utilization in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) arise decades before cognitive impairment and accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in brain. Addressing this metabolic deficit has greater potential in treating AD than targeting later disease processes – an approach that has failed consistently in the clinic. Cerebral glucose utilization requires numerous enzymes, many of which have been shown to decline in AD. Perhaps the most important is pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which links glycolysis with the Krebs cycle and aerobic metabolism, and whose activity is greatly suppressed in AD. The unique metabolism of ketone bodies allows them to bypass the block at pyruvate dehydrogenase and restore brain metabolism. Recent studies in mouse genetic models of AD and in a human Alzheimer’s patient showed the potential of ketones in maintaining brain energetics and function. Oral ketone bodies might be a promising avenue for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
9
Gardner, Hunter H. Pestilence and the Body Politic in Latin Literature. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796428.001.0001.
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Lucretius, Vergil, and Ovid developed important conventions of the Western plague narrative as a response to the breakdown of the Roman res publica in the mid-first century CE and the reconstitution of stabilized government under the Augustan Principate (31 BCE–14 CE). Relying on the metaphoric relationship between the human body and the body politic, these authors use largely fictive representations of epidemic disease to address the collapse of the social order and suggest remedies for its recovery. Plague as such functions frequently in Roman texts to enact a drama in which the concerns of the individual must be weighed against those of the collective. In order to understand the figurative potential of plague, this book evaluates the reality of epidemic disease in Rome, in light of twentieth-century theories of plague discourse, those of Artaud, Foucault, Sontag, and Girard, in particular. Pestilence and the Body Politic in Latin Literature identifies consistent features of the outbreaks described by Roman epic poets, charting the emergence of Golden-Age imagery, emphasis on bodily dissolution, and poignant accounts of broken familial bonds. Such features are expressed through Roman idioms that provocatively recall the discourse of civil strife that characterized the last century of the Roman Republic. The final chapters examine key moments in the resurgence of Roman plague topoi, beginning with early imperial poets (Lucan, Seneca, and Silius Italicus), and concluding with discussion of late antique Christian poetry, paintings of the late Italian Renaissance, and Anglo-American novels and films.
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Solymosi, Reka, and Kate J. Bowers. The Role of Innovative Data Collection Methods in Advancing Criminological Understanding. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.35.
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Environmental criminology emphasizes the importance of situational factors associated with increased risk in terms of crime opportunities. One branch of research in this field is oriented toward strengthening the scientific approach to understanding the link between exposure to risk and crime. To achieve this, we need data about how potential victims and potential offenders spend their time, and what places they visit as part of their daily activities. This chapter lays out the potential of novel data sets and then considers in detail two of these new approaches. The first approach involves utilizing advances in technology and sensing to develop bespoke surveys created with specific research studies in mind. The second makes use of existing “big data” or “open-access data” sources on people’s everyday interactions with the environment, and combines multiple data sources to make inferences about routine activities and their link to perception of crime and place.
11
Carlson, Matt. “Journalism on Trial”: Confidentiality and the Plame Leak Case. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252035999.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the fallout caused by Robert Novak's July 2003 column revealing Valerie Plame, wife of Bush administration critic Joseph Wilson, to be a CIA operative. The potential illegality of the leak prompted an inquiry that escalated into a grand jury investigation by a special prosecutor to uncover Novak's two unnamed administration sources. When journalists were subpoenaed to testify before the grand jury, Matt Cooper of Time and Judith Miller of the Times resisted vocally and litigiously. Legendary Post reporter Bob Woodward also faced criticism for failing to reveal his knowledge of the Plame leak. The Plame leak case culminated in a parade of elite journalists testifying about their relationships with official sources in the trial of vice presidential aide Scooter Libby.
12
Spelman, Henry. Epilogue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821274.003.0011.
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This epilogue briefly highlights the unity of this work as a whole and then takes a broader view over ancient literature in order to trace some potential connections between Pindar and other sorts of poetry, both earlier and later. The Pindar who emerges from this monograph is a poet who looks with supreme self-consciousness to the past, the present, and the future simultaneously. To grasp Pindar’s vision of his place in the traditions of archaic poetry may in the end help us to see better how and why he eventually came to hold such a central place in the Graeco-Roman literary tradition as a whole.
13
M, Borghetti, Grace J. 1945-, and Raschi A, eds. Water transport in plants under climatic stress: Proceedings of an international workshop, held in Vallombrosa, Firenze, Italy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
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14
Stokes, Ashli Quesinberry, and Wendy Atkins-Sayre. Consuming Identity. University Press of Mississippi, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496809186.001.0001.
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Many Southerners enjoy conversations about food, quickly jumping in with likes and dislikes, regional preferences, and food-related stories. The subject of food often crosses lines of race, class, gender, and region, and provides an opportunity for a common discussion point. This book explores the types of identities, allegiances, and bonds that are made possible and are strengthened through Southern foods and foodways. It adds to the growing list examining Southern food, but its focus on the cuisine’s rhetorical nature and the communicative effect that the food can have on Southern culture makes a significant contribution to that important conversation. The book tells the stories of Southern food that speak to the identity of the region, explaining how food helps to build individual identities, and exploring the possibilities of how food opens up dialogue. The authors show how food acts rhetorically, with the kinds of food that we choose to eat and serve sending messages about how we view ourselves and others. Food serves an identity-building function, factoring heavily into the understanding of who we are. The stories surrounding food are so important to Southern culture, they provide a significant and meaningful way to open up dialogue in the region. By sharing and celebrating the stories and actual food of Southern foodways, Southerners are able to focus on similar histories and traditions, despite the division that has plagued and continues to plague the South. Taken together, the book shows how Southern food provides a significant starting point for understanding food’s rhetorical potential.
15
Hill, Jonathan. 1. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198732297.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter begins by explaining the nature of the subject known as conflict of laws or private international law, which deals with cases before the English court which have connections with foreign countries. The foreign elements in the case may be events which have taken place in a foreign country or countries, or they may be the foreign domicile, residence, or place of business of the parties. In short, any case involving a foreign element raises potential conflict of laws issues. The conflict of laws is concerned with the following three questions: jurisdiction; choice of law; and the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. The remainder of the chapter discusses the various stages of proceedings which raise conflict of laws issues.
16
High, Steven. Brownfield Public History. Edited by Paula Hamilton and James B. Gardner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766024.013.23.
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How can we as oral and public historians harness the power of place in our research and interpretive practice? The built environment’s potential as a prompt to remember has been heralded by many scholars drawn to the so-called mobility turn in the social sciences and humanities. This new paradigm is encouraging scholars and artists to engage with the materiality of the built and natural environments and with communities themselves. This chapter examines the ways in which oral and public historians have harnessed the power of place in situ when interpreting transformative urban and economic change: deindustrialization, gentrification, modernization, and renewal. It offers the notion of “brownfield public history” to denote industrial heritage projects that are bound-up in these ongoing socio-economic and political processes.
17
Wilson, T. K. Killing Strangers. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863502.001.0001.
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A bewildering feature of so much contemporary political violence is its stunning impersonality. Every major city centre becomes a potential shooting gallery; and every metro system a potential bomb alley. Victims just happen, as the saying goes, to ‘be in the wrong place at the wrong time’. Killing Strangers tackles the question of how such violence became ‘unchained’ from inter-personal relationships. It traces the rise of such impersonal violence by examining violence in conjunction with changing social and political realities across Western Europe and North America since the late eighteenth century. In particular, it traces both ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors. On the one hand, the rise of the modern state with its titanic bureaucratic resources of monitoring and coercion forced the violence of opponents into niche forms. On the other hand, social and technological changes offered fresh opportunities to cause mayhem in startlingly new ways. Both forces are necessary for any understanding of why contemporary political violence takes the forms that it does.
18
Nasimudeen, Abdul. Screening for respiratory disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0352.
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Routine screening for respiratory diseases is currently not available to the general healthy population, with the exception of screening for cystic fibrosis. This chapter discusses the screening strategies in place for cystic fibrosis, TB, and other conditions, such as COPD, lung cancer, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, and obstructive sleep apnoea, for which screening can be applied. While screening has the potential to improve quality of life through early diagnosis and management, it is not an easy process and cannot offer a guarantee of protection.
19
Badimon, Lina, and Gemma Vilahur. Atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0040.
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Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of heart disease. The continuous exposure to cardiovascular risk factors induces endothelial activation/dysfunction which enhances the permeability of the endothelial layer and the expression of cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules. This results in the accumulation of lipids (low-density lipoprotein particles) in the extracellular matrix and the triggering of an inflammatory response. Accumulated low-density lipoprotein particles suffer modifications and become pro-atherogenic, enhancing leucocyte recruitment and further transmigration across the endothelium into the intima. Infiltrated monocytes differentiate into macrophages which acquire a specialized phenotypic polarization (protective or harmful), depending on the stage of the atherosclerosis progression. Once differentiated, macrophages upregulate pattern recognition receptors capable of engulfing modified low-density lipoprotein, leading to foam cell formation. Foam cells release growth factors and cytokines that promote vascular smooth muscle cell migration into the intima, which then internalize low-density lipoprotein via low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 receptors. As the plaque evolves, the number of vascular smooth muscle cells decline, whereas the presence of fragile/haemorrhagic neovessels increases, promoting plaque destabilization. Disruption of this atherosclerotic lesion exposes thrombogenic surfaces that initiate platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation, as well as thrombin generation. Both lipid-laden vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages release the procoagulant tissue factor, contributing to thrombus propagation. Platelets also participate in progenitor cell recruitment and drive the inflammatory response mediating the atherosclerosis progression. Recent data attribute to microparticles a potential modulatory effect in the overall atherothrombotic process. This chapter reviews our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in atherogenesis, highlights platelet contribution to thrombosis and atherosclerosis progression, and provides new insights into how atherothrombosis may be modulated.
20
Brallier, Jess W., and Jonathan S. Gal. Neuroprotection for Spine Surgery. Edited by David L. Reich, Stephan Mayer, and Suzan Uysal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190280253.003.0020.
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Perioperative neurologic injury related to spine surgery, albeit rare, can result in devastating functional loss. As the number of spine operations has increased, so has the need for strategies designed to avoid and protect against such injury. This chapter reviews the common etiologies of neurologic deficits secondary to spine surgery and the factors that place patients at increased risk for developing these complications. The use of intraoperative neuromonitoring, including somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), electromyography (EMG), and transcranial motor evoked potentials (TcMEPs), to detect surgical trespass of neuronal elements is also reviewed. The authors also summarize the role of physiologic parameter optimization, including mean arterial blood pressure and body temperature, and pharmacologic interventions, should an injury occur. Current practice guidelines for preventing and managing perioperative neurologic injury are described.
21
Roskies, Adina L., and Carl F. Craver. Philosophy of Neuroscience. Edited by Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.40.
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The experimental study of the brain has exploded in the past several decades, providing rich material for both philosophers of science and philosophers of mind. In this chapter, the authors summarize some central research areas in philosophy of neuroscience. Some of these areas focus on the internal practice of neuroscience, that is, on the assumptions underlying experimental techniques, the accepted structures of explanations, the goals of integrating disciplines, and the possibility of a unified science of the mind-brain. Other areas focus outwards on the potential impact that neuroscience is having on our conception of the mind and its place in nature.
22
Roskies, Adina L., and Carl F. Craver. Philosophy of Neuroscience. Edited by Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.40_update_001.
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The experimental study of the brain has exploded in the past several decades, providing rich material for both philosophers of science and philosophers of mind. In this chapter, the authors summarize some central research areas in philosophy of neuroscience. Some of these areas focus on the internal practice of neuroscience, that is, on the assumptions underlying experimental techniques, the accepted structures of explanations, the goals of integrating disciplines, and the possibility of a unified science of the mind-brain. Other areas focus outwards on the potential impact that neuroscience is having on our conception of the mind and its place in nature.
23
Zeitlin, Vladimir. Simplifying Primitive Equations: Rotating Shallow-Water Models and their Properties. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804338.003.0003.
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In this chapter, one- and two-layer versions of the rotating shallow-water model on the tangent plane to the rotating, and on the whole rotating sphere, are derived from primitive equations by vertical averaging and columnar motion (mean-field) hypothesis. Main properties of the models including conservation laws and wave-vortex dichotomy are established. Potential vorticity conservation is derived, and the properties of inertia–gravity waves are exhibited. The model is then reformulated in Lagrangian coordinates, variational principles for its one- and two-layer version are established, and conservation laws are reinterpreted in these terms.
24
Badimon, Lina, and Gemma Vilahur. Atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0040_update_001.
Full textAbstract:
Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of heart disease. The continuous exposure to cardiovascular risk factors induces endothelial activation/dysfunction which enhances the permeability of the endothelial layer and the expression of cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules. This results in the accumulation of lipids (low-density lipoprotein particles) in the intimal layer and the triggering of an inflammatory response. Accumulated low-density lipoprotein particles attached to the extracellular matrix suffer modifications and become pro-atherogenic, enhancing leucocyte recruitment and further transmigration across the endothelium into the intima. Infiltrated pro-atherogenic monocytes (mainly Mon2) differentiate into macrophages which acquire a specialized phenotypic polarization (protective/M1 or harmful/M2), depending on the stage of the atherosclerosis progression. Once differentiated, macrophages upregulate pattern recognition receptors capable of engulfing modified low-density lipoprotein, leading to foam cell formation. Foam cells release growth factors and cytokines that promote vascular smooth muscle cell migration into the intima, which then internalize low-density lipoproteins via low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 receptors becoming foam cells. As the plaque evolves, the number of vascular smooth muscle cells decline, whereas the presence of fragile/haemorrhagic neovessels and calcium deposits increases, promoting plaque destabilization. Disruption of this atherosclerotic lesion exposes thrombogenic surfaces rich in tissue factor that initiate platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation, as well as thrombin generation. Platelets also participate in leucocyte and progenitor cell recruitment are likely to mediate atherosclerosis progression. Recent data attribute to microparticles a modulatory effect in the overall atherothrombotic process and evidence their potential use as systemic biomarkers of thrombus growth. This chapter reviews our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in atherogenesis, highlights platelet contribution to thrombosis and atherosclerosis progression, and provides new insights into how atherothrombosis may be prevented and modulated.
25
Badimon, Lina, and Gemma Vilahur. Atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0040_update_002.
Full textAbstract:
Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of heart disease. The continuous exposure to cardiovascular risk factors induces endothelial activation/dysfunction which enhances the permeability of the endothelial layer and the expression of cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules. This results in the accumulation of lipids (low-density lipoprotein particles) in the intimal layer and the triggering of an inflammatory response. Accumulated low-density lipoprotein particles attached to the extracellular matrix suffer modifications and become pro-atherogenic, enhancing leucocyte recruitment and further transmigration across the endothelium into the intima. Infiltrated pro-atherogenic monocytes (mainly Mon2) differentiate into macrophages which acquire a specialized phenotypic polarization (protective/M1 or harmful/M2), depending on the stage of the atherosclerosis progression. Once differentiated, macrophages upregulate pattern recognition receptors capable of engulfing modified low-density lipoprotein, leading to foam cell formation. Foam cells release growth factors and cytokines that promote vascular smooth muscle cell migration into the intima, which then internalize low-density lipoproteins via low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 receptors becoming foam cells. As the plaque evolves, the number of vascular smooth muscle cells decline, whereas the presence of fragile/haemorrhagic neovessels and calcium deposits increases, promoting plaque destabilization. Disruption of this atherosclerotic lesion exposes thrombogenic surfaces rich in tissue factor that initiate platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation, as well as thrombin generation. Platelets also participate in leucocyte and progenitor cell recruitment are likely to mediate atherosclerosis progression. Recent data attribute to microparticles a modulatory effect in the overall atherothrombotic process and evidence their potential use as systemic biomarkers of thrombus growth. This chapter reviews our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in atherogenesis, highlights platelet contribution to thrombosis and atherosclerosis progression, and provides new insights into how atherothrombosis may be prevented and modulated.
26
Allsop, Cheryl. Organizing the Organizational Memory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747451.003.0007.
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This chapter concerns ‘organizing the organizational memory’, that is, the fundamental processes, practices, and procedures required to enable cold case reviews to take place. The advances in DNA profiling techniques and technologies have created a growth of opportunities for reviewing cold cases, and in this chapter it will become clear how this investigative potential has created new problems requiring the development of a system of working before a review can take place, suggesting the need to look forward and back in the review process. What emerges is a process of ‘back engineering’ and forward planning, a collection of routine activities centred on finding opportunities to identify and connect suspects to the unsolved crimes revealing the realities of such work, which is often mundane, far from the gloss and glamour depicted by media representations. The challenges to achieving a successful detection are also laid out.
27
Ferrari, Patrik L., and Herbert Spohn. Random matrices and Laplacian growth. Edited by Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik, and Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.39.
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This article reviews the theory of random matrices with eigenvalues distributed in the complex plane and more general ‘beta ensembles’ (logarithmic gases in 2D). It first considers two ensembles of random matrices with complex eigenvalues: ensemble C of general complex matrices and ensemble N of normal matrices. In particular, it describes the Dyson gas picture for ensembles of matrices with general complex eigenvalues distributed on the plane. It then presents some general exact relations for correlation functions valid for any values of N and β before analysing the distribution and correlations of the eigenvalues in the large N limit. Using the technique of boundary value problems in two dimensions and elements of the potential theory, the article demonstrates that the finite-time blow-up (a cusp–like singularity) of the Laplacian growth with zero surface tension is a critical point of the normal and complex matrix models.
28
Cunningham-Hill, Susan, and Karen Elder. 4. The nature, extent, and recovery of legal costs. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787655.003.0004.
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This chapter focuses on the control and recovery of costs including: the discretionary nature of costs awards; the general principle that the loser pays; how the court controls costs incurred; the basis upon which costs orders are made; the aspects of a legal representative’s work that are recoverable and how they are formulated; and the different types of costs order. Lord Jackson’s Review is also considered throughout the chapter to help identify the changes in place since 1 April 2013 regarding the amount and recovery of costs in civil litigation and the extent of the potential amendments that may be implemented in the future.
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LaVaque-Manty, Mika. Universalizing Dignity in the Nineteenth Century. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199385997.003.0015.
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This chapter traces some of the conceptual history from the late eighteenth century, when arguments about equal, intrinsic, and universal human dignity became politically important, to the mid-twentieth century, when the idea of universal human dignity was enshrined in the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights. The chapter argues that this universalization process primarily took place in the nineteenth century, in political controversies around gender, race, and labor. The chapter argues that a particular Christian conception about the dignity of labor, expressed by Pope Leo XII, helped cement the value of inherent human dignity while at the same time weakening its more radical political potential.
30
Stephenson, Barry. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199943524.003.0001.
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The ‘Introduction’ asks what is ritual? Is ritual useful? What are the various kinds of ritual? It suggests that to think about ritual is to reflect on human nature, sociality, and culture. It is also to explore ritual's place, power, and potential in our lives and our society. Ritual includes both religious and nonreligious rites, the traditional and the new, the prescribed and the improvised, the human and nonhuman, and rubs up against a number of other cultural domains, such as play, games, performance, and theater. If ritual is action, it is also an idea, something we think with, and our exploration will move back and forth between these two dimensions.
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Hughes, Jim. Working in theatre. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198813170.003.0006.
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This chapter covers the typical layout and requirements of an operating theatre or surgery room, including the requirements for infection control and sterile fields/sterile techniques and effective working with the surgical team. Radiation protection and the management of a radiation-controlled area is also covered. Theatre practice can be an intimidating and unfamiliar place for newly qualified staff, especially when working without assistance for the first time. It is important to try and gain as much familiarity with the theatre environment before working as the lone radiographer in the department. However, there are some basic guidelines that, if followed, should help avoid most potential issues.
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Reader, Ian. 2. Forms, themes, and meanings. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198718222.003.0002.
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‘Forms, themes, and meanings’ considers what is meant by ‘pilgrimage’. Pilgrimage incorporates three main elements: travel and movement; veneration in some form; and a special place or places considered to have some deep significance, often associated with sacred figures or founders. Pilgrims are people who travel to and perform acts of meaningful significance, such as praying and performing rituals at and on the route to such special places. The journey can have both real and symbolic meanings. Pilgrimage can provide the setting for expressions of individual development and self-awareness along with a group-related sense of togetherness and belonging, while also providing potential for contest and conflict.
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Bartley, Tim. Re-centering the State. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794332.003.0007.
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Transnational private regulation has brought reforms to forests and factories but rarely of an empowering or transformative kind. This chapter draws out normative implications of the research in this book and highlights paths toward improvement. While not dispensing with supply-chain scrutiny altogether, the chapter calls for revising the rating of corporate responsibility, re-centering the state, and shifting toward “place-conscious” transnational governance. Some elements of this approach can already be seen in a new transnational timber legality regime, which has the potential to overcome the limits of private sustainability standards. The chapter explains the rise of this regime and considers the possibilities for extending the legality framework to labor.
34
Zeitlin, Vladimir. Primitive Equations Model. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804338.003.0002.
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The chapter gives the foundations of modelling of large-scale atmospheric and oceanic motions and presents the ‘primitive equations’ (PE) model. After a concise reminder on general fluid mechanics, the main hypotheses leading to the PE model are explained, together with the tangent-plane (so-called f and beta plane) approximations, and ‘traditional’ approximation to the hydrodynamical equations on the rotating sphere. PE are derived in parallel for the ocean and for the atmosphere. It is then shown that, with a judicious choice of the vertical coordinate, the ‘pseudo-height’, in the atmosphere, these two sets of equations are practically equivalent. The main properties of PE are derived and the key concepts of wave–vortex dichotomy, and of slow and fast motions, are explained. The essential notion of potential vorticity is introduced and its conservation by fluid masses is demonstrated. Inertia–gravity waves are explained and their properties presented. Limitations of the hydrostatic hypothesis are demonstrated.
35
Frith, Clifford. Woodhen. CSIRO Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643108714.
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This book tells the fascinating success story of saving the flightless Woodhen of Lord Howe Island. This unique large rail, an iconic and highly endangered Australian bird, was at the very brink of extinction with just 15 individuals found in 1980, when bold and risky actions were taken to save it.
The book begins with the discovery and ecology of Lord Howe Island. It then details the history of the Woodhen, its place among the rails and their evolution of flightlessness, the planning, implementation and trials, tribulations and successes of the captive breeding programme and the way in which the wild population recovered. The ecology, behaviour and breeding biology of this unique flightless island rail are also discussed. The text is accompanied by numerous photographs and drawings.
This is a story of survival, yet the bird remains highly endangered as it is under constant potential threat, which could tip it over the brink and to extinction. The Woodhen provides gripping insights into the potential for both losing and saving vertebrate species.
Winner of a 2014 Whitley Awards Certificate of Commendation for Historical Zoology.
36
Light, Alison. A Visit to the Dead. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768784.003.0016.
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What can university historians learn from the recent surge in the pursuit of family history? In following their own enthusiasms, family historians often play fast and loose with conventional periodizations and forms of narrative history, making instead their own emotional connections and personal links across time; they individualize homogenizing categories of class, disaggregating group identities, and they cheerfully cross disciplinary boundaries, asking moral and metaphysical as well as political questions about the place of the dead in our memories and cultures. This chapter explores the potential that family history has, not only to revitalize the histories of the working classes, but to make us think about the limits, forms, and purposes of writing history.
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Imen, Gallala-Arndt. Part 3 Institutional Control of Constitutionalism, 3.2 Constitutional Jurisdiction and Its Limits in the Maghreb. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199759880.003.0014.
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In the wake of the “Arab spring” constitutional reform is enjoying a prominent place in the debates on the future of the Maghreb countries. The potential and actual amendments of relevant constitutions are captivating the attention of all the political actors in and outside the region, since these new or amended constitutions will be the primary tools for the institutionalization of political change. This chapter examines the constitutions in the Maghreb before the pro-democratic upheavals. This helps explain, at least partly, the reasons for the unrest and puts into perspective the size of the challenges faced by the Maghreb countries in the process of constitutional reform and their prospects for success.
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Sime, Stuart. 45. Norwich Pharmacal and Related Disclosure Orders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198823100.003.5491.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter considers a number of other special forms of disclosure orders, the best known of which is the Norwich Pharmacal order. Norwich Pharmacal orders are primarily used for finding the identity of an unknown potential defendant. They can only be sought against a person who facilitated and got ‘mixed up’ in the wrongdoing. Norwich Pharmacal orders therefore cannot be made against ‘mere witnesses’. Pre-action disclosure orders bring forward the time when disclosure of documents takes place to the period before a claim is issued. Disclosure against non-parties enables the court to order a witness to produce documents in advance of the trial, thus avoiding adjournments when documents are produced at the last minute at trial.
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Sime, Stuart. 45. and related disclosure orders. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198747673.003.5491.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter considers a number of other special forms of disclosure orders, the best known of which is theNorwich Pharmacalorder.Norwich Pharmacalorders are primarily used for finding the identity of an unknown potential defendant. They can only be sought against a person who facilitated and got ‘mixed up’ in the wrongdoing.Norwich Pharmacalorders therefore cannot be made against ‘mere witnesses’. Pre-action disclosure orders bring forward the time when disclosure of documents takes place to the period before a claim is issued. Disclosure against non-parties enables the court to order a witness to produce documents in advance of the trial, thus avoiding adjournments when documents are produced at the last minute at trial.
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Sime, Stuart. 45. Norwich Pharmacal and related disclosure orders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787570.003.5491.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter considers a number of other special forms of disclosure orders, the best known of which is the Norwich Pharmacal order. Norwich Pharmacal orders are primarily used for finding the identity of an unknown potential defendant. They can only be sought against a person who facilitated and got ‘mixed up’ in the wrongdoing. Norwich Pharmacal orders therefore cannot be made against ‘mere witnesses’. Pre-action disclosure orders bring forward the time when disclosure of documents takes place to the period before a claim is issued. Disclosure against non-parties enables the court to order a witness to produce documents in advance of the trial, thus avoiding adjournments when documents are produced at the last minute at trial.
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Karch, Andrew. The States and American Political Development. Edited by Richard Valelly, Suzanne Mettler, and Robert Lieberman. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697915.013.005.
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This essay contends that the American states merit a more prominent place in the study of American political development for both substantive and methodological reasons. It illustrates how the study of the states provides a more comprehensive portrayal of American politics and its evolution, offering new insights into the dynamics of institutional change, the expansion and restriction of voting rights, and the shifting contours of the American welfare state. Moreover, the states’ combination of fundamental similarity and manageable variation makes them especially well suited for evaluating causal arguments. Developmental scholars have generally not taken full advantage of the states as a research venue, but carefully designed studies of state politics have the potential to illuminate broader questions of political development.
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Sonnenschein, Jonas. Understanding Indicator Choice for the Assessment of RD&D Financing of Low-Carbon Energy Technologies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802242.003.0010.
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Rapid decarbonization requires additional research, development, and demonstration of low-carbon energy technologies. Various financing instruments are in place to support this development. They are frequently assessed through indicator-based evaluations. There is no standard set of indicators for this purpose. This study looks at the Nordic countries, which are leading countries with respect to eco-innovation. Different indicators to assess financing instruments are analysed with respect to their acceptance, the ease of monitoring, and their robustness. None of the indicators emerges as clearly superior from the analysis. Indicator choice is subject to trade-offs and leaves room for steering evaluation results in a desired direction. The study concludes by discussing potential policy implications of biases in indicator-based evaluation.
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James, Harrison. 11 The Role of International Law in Saving the Oceans and Future Challenges for the Legal Framework. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198707325.003.0011.
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Chapter 11 is the concluding chapter of this book and it provides an overview of the current state of the legal framework for the protection of the marine environment. It describes the multifaceted and multilayered nature of regulation in this field and sketches the key interrelationships that take place between different treaty regimes. It also draws general conclusions about how key general principles have been applied across different sectors and what law-making procedures have been used in order to ensure the evolution of the legal framework. Finally, the chapter offers reflections on the key challenges that remain for the international community in tackling threats to the marine environment and potential strategies that may be available for States to meet these challenges.
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Clark, Gordon L., Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik, eds. The New Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.001.0001.
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The New Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography is the most comprehensive and significant statement about the value and potential of economic geography in 2017. Sixty-six leading economists and geographers from around the world investigate the rival theories and perspectives that have sustained the development of economic geography. The Handbook also focuses on linkages, including those between inequality, instability, and sustainability in the global economy; economic behaviour, strategies, and practices; mobility and creativity; resources and development; and distribution and consumption. The Handbook is concerned with theories and perspectives that are relevant to economic geography today. The book is split into eight parts, providing comprehensive coverage of the following themes: Grounded in Place; Conceptual Foundations; Innovation; The Firm; Work; Finance; Resources and the Environment; and Strategies for Development
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Harrod, Molly, Sanjay Saint, and Robert W. Stock. The Sacred Act of Healing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190671495.003.0008.
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Attendings treated their patients with respect, empathy, and understanding. Even if their encounters were sometimes brief, attendings spent time getting to know their patients and building rapport. Developing these relationships helped the team plan for the patient’s care both within and outside the hospital. Attendings spent time explaining to patients, without the use of medical jargon, what they were thinking and how they were approaching the patient’s treatment. To the extent they could, they sat down or kneeled when speaking to patients. In order to stave off readmission, attendings not only focused their treatment on what brought the patient into the hospital in the first place, but they also looked for other potential issues that could be addressed while the patient was hospitalized.
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Kam, Julia W. Y., and Todd C. Handy. Electrophysiological Evidence for Attentional Decoupling during Mind-Wandering. Edited by Kalina Christoff and Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.13.
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The tendency to disengage from the immediate environment and to wander off to another time and place is a unique characteristic of the human mind. While much research has focused on the neural origins of such mind-wandering experience, less understood is the mechanism by which the mind facilitates task-unrelated thoughts. This chapter presents electrophysiological evidence demonstrating a widespread attenuation of numerous cognitive responses to external events during mind-wandering, suggesting that this transient modulation of the depth of the cognitive investment in external events may be one potential mechanism in which the mind facilitates these task-unrelated thoughts. The chapter also highlights the utility of resting-state and intracranial EEG as valuable methodology in illuminating the neural mechanisms underlying these internally directed mental experiences.
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Flood, Dawn Rae. Second-Wave Feminists (Re)Discover Rape. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036897.003.0006.
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This chapter considers how changes in gender and race relations played out in society and in Chicago rape trials during the late 1960s and 1970s. Outside the courtroom, feminists helped create victim advocacy services and provided much-needed support for women who came forward to report sexual attacks. Despite a long history of African American women's activism against racial and sexual violence, the radical feminist movement was plagued with a myopic focus on gender oppression that limited interracial cooperation in the anti-rape movement. Such limitations did not mean that black rape victims did not make use of advocacy services, reflecting the potential for interracial feminist cooperation during this period. Such cooperation did not extend to relaxed urban race relations, however, as defense strategies continued to challenge the familiar prejudices of the Chicago police well into the 1970s.
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Eva Maich, Katherine, Jamie K. McCallum, and Ari Grant-Sasson. Time’s Up! Shorter Hours, Public Policy, and Time Flexibility as an Antidote to Youth Unemployment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190685898.003.0011.
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This chapter explores the relationship between hours of work and unemployment. When it comes to time spent working in the United States at present, two problems immediately come to light. First, an asymmetrical distribution of working time persists, with some people overworked and others underemployed. Second, hours are increasingly unstable; precarious on-call work scheduling and gig economy–style employment relationships are the canaries in the coal mine of a labor market that produces fewer and fewer stable jobs. It is possible that some kind of shorter hours movement, especially one that places an emphasis on young workers, has the potential to address these problems. Some policies and processes are already in place to transition into a shorter hours economy right now even if those possibilities are mediated by an anti-worker political administration.
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Hu, Xuhui. The syntax and semantics of English resultatives. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808466.003.0003.
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This chapter argues that the English resultative construction denotes a single event involving two predicates. Therefore, only a single EP is involved in the syntactic derivation. The special thematic relationship is due to constraints imposed by the Integration Conditions proposed in Chapter 2. Dispensing with the CAUSE head of the event decomposition approach, this chapter explains the possible lack of causative meaning in English resultatives. A secondary predicate in a resultative can get a dynamic BECOME meaning (such as flat in John hammered the metal flat) because the secondary predicate shares the dynamic [iDiv] feature provided by V. Since both the activity denoted by the matrix V and the dynamic change of state take place in the same temporal scope of EP, the interpretation of a potential (and cancellable) culmination point is derived.
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Fleur, Johns. Part III Regimes and Doctrines, Ch.32 Theorizing the Corporation in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198701958.003.0033.
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This chapter redescribes the rather oblique theorizations of the corporation in public international law, by first outlining some generic characterizations of the corporation in international legal writing, before turning to two areas of international legal doctrine, practice, and scholarly work: international investment law and international human rights. In both of these areas, the corporation has often been identified with potential dysfunction within, or subtraction from, the international legal order. International legal engagement of the corporation has, accordingly, been identified with the discipline’s corrective realignment, rejuvenation or augmentation. So figured, the corporation has been central to the maintenance of prospects of, and aspirations for, ‘governance fusion’ on the global plane. Precisely because of the paragnostic way it has been known to international law, the corporation has been a pivotal figure in international legal knowledge practice.