Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Potentiel évoqué auditif'
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Naït-Ali, Amine. "Analyse et filtrage optimal des potentiels évoqués auditifs précoces." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120054.
Full textLina-Granade, Geneviève. "L'adaptation du système auditif périphérique chez l'humain." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T160.
Full textGomot, Marie. "Etude de la perception et de la discrimination auditive chez l'enfant : approche neurophysiologique et psychopathologique." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR3305.
Full textMotsch, Jean-François. "La dynamique temporelle du tronc cérébral : recueil, extraction et analyse optimale des potentiels évoqués auditifs du tronc cérébral." Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120013.
Full textMichalet, Georges. "Valeur pronostique des potentiels évoqués auditifs précoces et de latence moyenne chez 60 patients neurochirurgicaux compliqués." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1M364.
Full textAlcaini, Marie. "Les composantes frontales dans les potentiels évoqués auditifs de latence tardive (N1) chez l'homme." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T210.
Full textMenard, Mikaël. "Exploration objective de l'audition à partir des auditory steady-state responses et adaptation à l'implant cochléaire." Lyon 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/41/34/09/PDF/MENARD_Mikael.pdf.
Full textAmong the different objective measurement methods, ASSR are in development and offer multiple advantages. Associated with cochlear implant, this objective method allows evaluation of implant performances and a useful tool for fitting. As a first step, we evaluated performances and capacities of the ASSR method on normal and hearing impaired subjects with four studies. The result confirms that this method allowed an accurate evaluation of auditory thresholds. Moreover, the ASSR amplitude correlates well with the loudness function (Hearing Research) and gives information about loudness recruitment. While, varying one of the stimulation parameters, we can study the impact of binaural stimulation. These results suggest that ASSR could be use as a large tool for the exploration of the auditory system. Then we evaluated this measure on cochlear implanted subjects. A first study validated the physiological origin of the ASSR measured (International Journal of Audiology). Models and measurement of the cochlear implant stimulation in the case of ASSR gave us precious information about the stimulation artefact. With a new ASSR tool, adapt to the specificities of the implant, we validated the measure of ASSR with cochlear implanted subjects
François-Purssell, Irène. "Utilisation des latences des potentiels évoqués auditifs du tronc cérébral (PEAtc) dans l'indemnisation des surdités professionnelles : étude comparative du déficit audiométrique et des latences des PEAtc en fonction de l'exposition au bruit, de l’âge et du sexe : application à la réparation médico-légale des surdités d'origine professionnelle." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS063.
Full textBastuji, Hélène. "Traitement cognitif de l'information sensorielle au cours du sommeil et de la somnolence chez l'homme : étude au moyen de potentiels évoqués auditifs." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T275.
Full textTogora, Souleymane. "Filtrage inverse de la stimulation acoustique des potentiels évoqués auditifs." Paris 12, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA120062.
Full textBlanchard, Christophe. "Estimation en continu des potentiels évoqués auditifs précoces." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120007.
Full textThomas, Didier. "Intérêt des potentiels évoqués auditifs de latence intermédiaire dans le diagnostic de la sclérose en plaques." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M034.
Full textGhorbal, Abdel-Mounai͏̈m. "Etude fonctionnelle du réseau auditif du tronc cérébral par analyse de la dynamique spatio-temporelle des champs de potentiel intra-cérébraux enregistrés in vivo chez le cobaye : contribution à l'étude des générateurs des potentiels évoqués auditifs précoces." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2368.
Full textMorizot, Sylvie. "Etude sur une population jeune et en bonne santé des effets d'un bruit de trafic routier, d'une benzodiazépine, et de leur conjugaison, sur les potentiels évoqués auditifs précoces, l'appareil cardiovasculaire et l'anxiété." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS011.
Full textSoares-Boucaud, Isabelle. "Potentiels évoqués auditifs chez l'humain : applications à l'exploration de la maturation du système auditif et de la compréhension du langage parlé." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1T035.
Full textGourévitch, Boris. "Etude des mécanismes corticaux auditifs par l'analyse de l'enveloppe temporelle." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S025.
Full textSchmerber, Sébastien. "Nouvelle technologie d'identification et d'interprétation des potentiels évoqués auditifs précoces per-opératoires." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006758.
Full textAngelini, Emmanuelle. "Étude anatomo-fonctionnelle de la Taurine dans l'organe de Corti." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28457.
Full textDeiber, Marie-Pierre. "Les potentiels évoqués auditifs de latence moyenne chez l'homme : description, modifications physiologiques, étude dans les lésions du SNC." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1T057.
Full textRoman, Stéphane. "Evaluation de la perception auditive du patient implanté cochléaire selon une double approche psychoacoustique et électrophysiologique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX20681.
Full textRogier, Ophélie. "Réponse électrophysiologique à la voix humaine au cours du développement normal et dans l'autisme." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR3125.
Full textAutism is characterized by major social disorders with difficulties that have been linked to disorders of perception of social stimuli (voices, faces) in adults with autism. The aim of this study was to investigate the electrophysiological response to human voice in normal development and in adults and children with autism. A specific positive response to voice located over the fronto-temporal region (Fronto-Temporal Positivity to Voice: FTPV) with right lateralization was identified in normal adults and children. Although delayed by about 20 ms, this specific response was also recorded in children with autism. In contrast, the FTPV was not present in adults with autism. This loss of function in neural networks involved in voice processing is discussed from a developmental perspective and in relation with the disorders of social interaction found in autism
Louchart, de La Chapelle Sandrine. "Étude d'un marqueur électrophysiologique de vulnérabilité à la schizophrénie : l'onde P50 des potentiels évoqués auditifs." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4049.
Full textProgress in radiation protection and radiotherapy, and the increased needs in terms of accuracy lead national metrology institutes to improve the standard. For ionizing radiation, te standard is defined by an absolute instrument used for air kerma rate measurement. The aim of the thesis is to establish standard, in terms of air kerma for X-rays beams of low and medium-energies. This work enables to complement the standard beam range of the Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB). Two free-air chambers have been developed, WK06 for medium-energy and WK07 for low-energy. The air-kerma rate is corrected by several correction factors. Some are determined experimentally, and the others by using Monte Carlo simulations. The uncertainty budget of the air-kerma rate at one standard deviation has been established. These dosimetric standards were compared with those of counterparts’ laboratories and are consistent in terms of degree of equivalence
Laurent, Annie. "Exploration des troubles cognitifs chez les patients psychotiques : recherche de marqueurs de vulnérabilité." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T243.
Full textNathou, Clément. "Marqueurs neurophysiologiques et déterminants anatomiques de la neuromodulation par stimulation magnétique transcranienne répétitive du cortex temporal gauche dans le traitement des hallucinations auditives." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN3005.
Full textRTMS has shown an interest which remains modest and variable from one individual to another in the treatment for the AVH of patients with schizophrenia. Stimulation of the left temporal cortex is accompanied by clinical effects and symptomatic improvements that are measurable, but few studies have focused on the quantification of the physiological effects of rTMS on this target. Current data about the neuromodulation properties of rTMS concern especially the primary motor cortex. The work of this thesis is to explore the neuromodulation effect of rTMS applied upon the left temporal cortex and to propose anatomical determinants of the variability in the response to the treatment of the AVH by rTMS. In a first study, we measured the effects of low and high frequency stimulation in healthy subjects on auditory evoked potentials recorded before and after rTMS. In a second study, we tested the existence of correlation between the efficacy of the rTMS treatment on the AVH and anatomical characteristics of the cortical target (left superior temporal sulcus) in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Our work shows that high-frequency rTMS has the same inhibitory effect on the temporal cortex excitability than low frequency rTMS, with nevertheless an earlier, more diffuse and more specific effect on attentional processes in the cortical treatment of auditory external stimuli. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the therapeutic effect on the AVH in patients is linked to the depth of the temporal treatment target
Cherrid, Nada. "Application des métaheuristiques à l'estimation des signaux physiologiques non stationnaires et fortement bruités." Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002521990204611&vid=upec.
Full textThis work of thesis carries on the problem of evaluating the physiological and temporally non stationary signals. We were especially interested in the brainstems Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEPs). These signals are responses to acoustical stimulations. They reflect the activity of the auditory system while permitting a more precocious diagnosis of the acoustic neuroma. In the first step, we propose a new approach to evaluate the non stationary signals, recorded in extremely unfavourable conditions. This approach is based on the use of a stimulated annealing algorithm, in association with the technique of averaging without integration of information a priori on the signals to estimate. Then we will study two variants of this technique. The first uses a model of shape that offers a better quality of the signal. The second one integrates an information a priori on the dynamics of the BAEPs that proves to be notably efficient in the case where the signals are not greatly stationary, one demonstrates as well as the convergence of the optimisation algorithm is accelerated. These approaches are tested on healthy and pathological subjects and thereafter on a type of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals
Akhoun, Idrick-Gabriel. "Analyse de l’encodage des signaux de parole dans le tronc cérébral : speech auditory brainstem response." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10270.
Full textIn this dissertation, speech encoding in the peripheral auditory system is investigated by the speech-evoked brainstem responses (Speech-ABR) electrophysiological approach – in normal-hearing adults. Section 1 addresses technical aspects related to Speech ABR. Firstly, a parametric study that quantifies electromagnetic artefact influences from stimulation is presented in order to prove the authenticity of Speech-ABR recordings. Second, advantages related to time-frequency analysis of Speech ABR are detailed, particularly for high-frequency signals (500 Hz and above). Finally, an empirical approach is proposed to narrow-down the Speech-ABR physiological generators within the brainstem, using specific stimuli. In Section 2, the influence of the stimuli acoustic structure on Speech ABR is discussed. Firstly, the temporal relationship between the /ba/ syllable and Speech ABR is described. Second, the effect of stimulus intensity on Speech-ABR latencies is presented and third, the effects of pitch and stimulus nature (speech, non-speech and music) on the ABR. The last part attempted to link perception quality to Speech ABR synchronisation accuracy
Batrel, Charlène. "Nouvelle méthode d'exploration fonctionnelle du nerf auditif." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON13520/document.
Full textBackground: The synchronous activation of the auditory nerve fibers (ANFs), is commonly studied through the compound action potential (CAP), or the auditory brainstem responses (ABR), to probe deafness in experimental and clinical settings. Recent studies have shown that substantial ANF loss can coexist with normal hearing threshold, and even unchanged CAP amplitude, making the detection of auditory neuropathies difficult. In this study, we took advantage of the round window neural noise (RWNN) to probe ANF loss in a physiologically-relevant model of neuropathy.Material and methods: ANF loss was induced by the application of ouabain onto the round window niche. CAP and RWNN of the gerbil's cochlea were recorded through an electrode placed onto the round window niche, 6 days after the ouabain application. Afferent synapse counts and single-unit recordings were carried-out to determine the degree and the nature of ANF loss, respectively. Results: Application of a low ouabain-dose into the gerbil RW niche elicits a specific degeneration of low spontaneous rate (SR) fibers, as shown by single-unit recordings. Simultaneous recordings (CAP/single-unit) demonstrate that low-SR fibers have a weak contribution to the CAP amplitude because of their delayed and broad first spike latency distribution. However, the RWNN amplitude decreases with the degree of synaptic loss. The RWNN method is therefore more sensitive than CAP to detect low-SR fiber loss, most probably because it reflects the sustained discharge rate of ANFs. Based on these data, we proposed a far-field method (Peri-stimulus time response-PSTR) to assess the fast, slow, and sustain vesicular release at the first auditory synapse.Conclusion: The round window neural noise is a faithful proxy to probe the degree and the SR-based nature of fiber loss. This method could be translated into the clinic to probe hidden hearing loss and orient the practitioner toward synaptopathy and/or neuropathy.Key words: Cochlea, auditory nerve, compound action potential, round window neural noise, single fiber recording, ouabain-induced neuropathy
Hasselmann, Florian. "Codage de l'enveloppe temporelle dans le nerf auditif." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT049/document.
Full textBackground: Speech intelligibility in quiet is critically dependent on the temporal envelope of a sound signal. An abnormal coding of this temporal cue (due to infectious, immune, genetic, tumoral or environmental of origin) implies a decrease of speech recognition scores. The current proxy to probe deafness in clinical framework (Compound Action Potential of the auditory nerve, auditory brainstem responses) uses simplistic stimuli (clicks, tone bursts) to detect a such abnormal coding of the temporal cues. The aim of this study was to develop a new electrophysiology method in murins able to measure the auditory nerve responses to amplitude-modulation stimuli.Material and methods: The electrophysiology response of the auditory nerve was recorded using an electrode implanted onto the round window niche on normal-hearing gerbil cochlea and aging rat cochlea. The acoustical stimuli consisted of 20 seconds sinusoidally amplitude-modulated noise-band centered on 4, 8 and 16 kHz. We have studied varying sound level, the modulation depth, the modulation frequency and the carrier frequency.Results: Our study on the selective fiber loss ouabain model show the mass potentials recorded at the round window enable the detection of low spontaneous rate fibers in gerbil auditory nerve. This result is important because the current clinical used tests aren’t enough sensitive to detect a such coding impairment (CAP, ABR) (Batrel, Huet, Hasselmann et al., 2017). Then we combined the stimulus of this previous study with a sinusoidal function to develop a new method to assess the envelope coding by the auditory nerve. We validated this new method. Last, we used our method on an aging model (Sprague-Dawley rat). Our results suggest aging leads to a phenotype change of auditory nerve fibers without associated fiber loss (article Occelli, Hasselmann et al, submitted to eNeuro).Conclusion: Our study shows it’s indispensable to expand the number of tools to probe the cochlea because the current clinical used tests aren’t enough sensitive to detect subtle deficits of encoding in the auditory nerve. The recording of the fiber sustained activity enable to detect the selective loss of low-spontaneous rate neurons. A such loss is undetectable with classical clinical tools. The phenotype change of fibers we observed in aging Sprague-Dawley rats is detectable with our method whereas it’s not using the compound action potential of the auditory nerve
Bakhos, David. "Etude électrophysiologique des réponses auditives corticales chez l'enfant avec une réhabilitation auditive." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR3307.
Full textCongenitally deaf children cannot acquire spoken language. Language development following auditory rehabilitation varies widely from child to child; this variability could be explained by cortical reorganisation following congenital deafness. Electrophysiological techniques make it possible to investigate cortical auditory processing. Our first study identified a relationship between auditory temporal responses (N1c wave) and language performance in children fitted with hearing aids for moderate congenital deafness. Our second study investigated cortical voice processing in children with a cochlear implant (CI) and with good language performance. Minimisation of the CI artifact was a preliminary step to analyse cortical auditory evoked potentials. A specific response to voice was found in children with CI, broader and more frontally distributed than this recorded in normal hearing children. The identification of such markers shoult it make possible to identify prognostic factors and to better indentify children in need of early care management
Graux, Jérôme. "Perception de la voix humaine et hallucinations auditives : étude clinique et neurophysiologique." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR3314/document.
Full textThe hypothesis of this study was that schizophrenic patients with auditory verbal hallucinations perceive their own voices as alien voices. The aim of the study was to investigate the electrophysiological responses evoked by participants’own voices and those of unknown individuals. Our results in healthy subjects showed that they allocated fever automatic attentional resources to their own voices than to unfamiliar voices. This attenuation effect of the automatic orientation of attention to own voice was not observed in schizophrenic patients. In addition, in agreement with our initial hypothesis, the attenuation decreased even further as the hallucinations became more severe
Huet, Antoine. "Codage des sons dans le nerf auditif en milieu bruyant : taux de décharge versus information temporel." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONT3515.
Full textBackground: While hearing problems in noisy environments are the main complaints of hearing-impaired people, only few studies focused on cochlear encoding mechanisms in such environments. By combining electrophysiological experiments with behavioral ones, we studied the sound encoding strategies used by the cochlea in a noisy background.Material and methods: Single unit recordings of gerbil auditory nerve were performed in response to tone bursts, presented at characteristic frequencies, in a quiet environment and in the presence of a continuous broadband noise. The behavioral audiogram was measured in the same conditions, with a method based on the inhibition of the acoustic startle response.Results: Single unit data shows that the cochlea used 2 complementary strategies to encode sound. For low frequency sounds (<3.6 kHz), the phase-locked response from the apical fibers ensure a reliable and robust encoding of the auditory threshold. For high frequencies sounds, basal fibers use a strategy based on the discharge rate, which requires a larger heterogeneity of fibers at the base of the cochlea. The behavioral audiogram measured in the same noise condition overlaps perfectly with the fibers’ threshold. This result validates our predictions made from the single fiber recordings.Conclusion: This work highlights the major role of the phase locked neuronal response for animal species that vocalize below 3 kHz (as human), especially in noisy backgrounds. At the opposite, high frequency sound encoding is based on rate information. This result emphasizes the difficulty to transpose results from murine model which communicate in the high frequencies (> 4 kHz) to human whose language is between 0.3 and 3 kHz
Maby, Emmanuel. "Influence des radiofréquences émises par le téléphone mobile GSM sur l'activité corticale auditive chez l'homme." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006114.
Full textLoubelo, Eugène-Fernand. "Potentiels évoqués cérébraux et effet de masque auditif chez l'Homme." Bordeaux 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR22012.
Full textRichard, Céline. "Etude de l’encodage des sons de parole par le tronc cérébral dans le bruit." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20116/document.
Full textThe major purpose of my thesis was the investigation of brainstem structures implications into speech in noise processing, particularly by identifying the impact of acoustic cues on normal speech perception. Firstly, we were involved in the engineering of the speech auditory brainstem responses (SABR) recording system. SABR are similar to brainstem auditory evoked responses to clicks, but require different acquisition and signal processing set-ups, due to the difference between the French and the American stimuli used by the American reference team. The different studies presented here, permitted to emphasize the role of brainstem structures into the subcortical processing of acoustical cues, such as the temporal enveloppe, or the voicing, with a possible evidence of a corticofugal effect on SABR. These experimentations lead us to a more fundamental question on the best conditions required for PEASP collection, in particular, the best stimulation intensity needed. The results of the experiment on intensity effect showed a non linear relation between the stimulation intensity and PEASP characteristics. Even if an intensity of only 20 dB SL seems enough for SABR recording, individual results are still highly variable so that diagnostic application of SABR on, for example, children with language learning problems or subject suffering from speech in noise perception impairment remains difficult
Bohorquez, Jorge. "Monitoring fonctionnel cérébral à l'aide des potentiels évoqués auditifs en neurochirurgie." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0097.
Full textThe aim of this work was the design, implementation and evaluation of a system for computerized neuro monitoring. This system performs the continuous acquisition and analysis of evoked potentials (EP). The technical and clinical feasibility of the brain function monitoring with middle latency evoked potentials (MLAEP) was verified. These EPs explore the auditory nerve, the brain stem and the primary cortex. On a technical basis, the work was first to adapt the acquisition procedures for simultaneous BAEP and MLAEP recording. It was also necessary to develop new digital processing techniques well adapted for the MLAEPs. We proposed an revertible transformation for discrete signals of finite duration. This transformation allows the decomposition of a time signal in the time-frequency (wavelet) domain. We propose and test a technique of optimal adaptive digital filtering in the wavelet space. On a clinical basis, we worked with the EEG department at the Neurological Hospital of Lyon on the design of the neuro monitoring system with which more than 40 surgical interventions were performed
Rachman, Laura. "The "other-voice" effect : how speaker identity and language familiarity influence the way we process emotional speech." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS280.
Full textThe human voice is a powerful tool to convey emotions. Humans hear voices on a daily basis and are able to rapidly extract relevant information to successfully interact with others. The theoretical aim of this thesis is to investigate the role of familiarity on emotional voice processing. Chapters 2 and 3 present behavioral and electrophysiological studies investigating how self- versus non self-produced voices influence the processing of emotional speech utterances. By contrasting self and other, familiarity is here assessed at a personal level. The results of Chapter 2 show a dissociation of explicit and implicit processing of the self-voice. While explicit discrimination of an emotional self-voice and other-voice was somewhat impaired, implicit self-processing prompted a self-advantage in emotion recognition and speaker discrimination. Chapter 3 reports a prioritization for the non-self voice in the processing of emotional and low-level acoustic changes, reflected in faster electrophysiological (EEG) and behavioral responses. In Chapter 4, the effect of voice familiarity on is assessed at a larger sociocultural scale by comparing speech utterances in the native and a foreign language. Taken together, this thesis highlights some ways in which the ‘otherness’ of a voice - whether a non-self speaker or a foreign language speaker - is processed with a higher priority on the one hand, but with less acoustic precision on the other hand
Eichenlaub, Jean-Baptiste. "Comparaison de l'activité cérébrale de sujets "Rêveurs" et "Non-Rêveurs" pendant le sommeil et à l'éveil : études en potentiels évoqués et en tomographie par émission de positons." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10336.
Full textDespite nearly one century of experimental research, dreaming is still a mystery of human cognition. Identifying the neurophysiological correlates of dreaming is a major issue. The challenge is the inability to localize when a dream occurs during the night. Therefore, in order to better understand the brain correlates of dreaming, we compared the brain activity of subjects with high and low dream report frequency ("Dreamers" vs "Non-Dreamers") during sleep and wakefulness using auditory evoked potentials (AEP) and positron emission tomography (PET). The AEP study showed that brain responses to complex sounds differ dramatically between the two groups during both wakefulness and sleep. Notably, the amplitude of the brain orienting response during wakefulness, and its equivalent in N2, were larger in Dreamers than in Non-Dreamers. The PET study showed that the spontaneous brain activity differs in the two groups during both wakefulness and sleep. In comparison with Non-Dreamers, Dreamers showed regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) increases in the temporo-parietal junction and the medial prefrontal cortex during both wakefulness and sleep. These results show that Dreamers and Non-Dreamers have different neurophysiological traits: spontaneous and evoked brain activity of Dreamers and Non-Dreamers differ during wakefulness and sleep. They argue in favor of the forebrain hypothesis of dreaming. The Dreamers' trait, associated with increased cerebral reactivity and awakenings during sleep, may facilitate the encoding of the dreams during nocturnal awakenings and as a result, increase the likelihood of dream recall in the morning after awakening
Annic, Agnès. "Physiopathologie des troubles de la sélectivité attentionnelle dans la maladie de Parkinson : rôle des processus de capture et de contrôle volontaire de l'attention." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S046/document.
Full textParkinson’s disease (PD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. It is characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, causing a progressive loss of dopamine neurotransmission within the basal ganglia. Apart from motor symptoms, PD patients have cognitive disorders. Namely, focused attention is impaired and PD patients fail to select task-relevant information, leading sometimes to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The origin of this impairment is still debated: PD-related selective attention deficit may be due either to a failure of goal-directed or stimulus-driven attention. Sensory gating helps the individuals to selectively allocate their attentional resources to salient stimuli and to inhibit irrelevant information. One of the physiological marker of this process is referred to as prepulse inhibition (PPI). It corresponds to the attenuation of the motor and cortical responses to a startling stimulus (pulse) when a non-startling stimulus (the prepulse) precedes the pulse by few milliseconds. PPI can be modulated by attention, its magnitude being greater after a to-be attended prepulse. Moreover, PPI is mediated by basal ganglia.The main aim of this work was to better identify the mechanisms involved in selective attention deficits in PD. We used an active PPI paradigm and recorded the cortical response to the pulse. We assumed that PD patients would exhibit a lower inhibition of the cortical response than healthy controls. If attention deficits in PD are related to an impairment of goal-directed attention, PD patients would exhibit lower inhibition after a to-be attended prepulse than in the other conditions. At the opposite, if it is due to a failure of stimulus-driven attention, inhibition would be lower after a prepulse which involuntarily captures attention than in the other conditions.In order to reach this objective, we have first developed and validated a new active PPI paradigm in order to investigate the role of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention on sensory-cognitive gating. To this end, high resolution electroencephalogram was recorded in 26 young healthy subjects. They performed a selective attention task combined with an active PPI paradigm and the auditory-evoked and induced cortical response to the pulse was recorded. Then, the same procedure was administered in 16 elderly healthy subjects, 16 PD patients without MCI and 16 PD patients with MCI. In young healthy subjects, we found that stimulus-driven and goal-directed attention each had specific effects on the inhibition of the evoked and induced response to the pulse. The investigation of age-related changes on sensory gating revealed that the induced cortical response was more sensitive for assessing age-related changes than the evoked response. Then, we chose this cortical marker to investigate sensory gating in PD. Our results showed that PD patients with MCI exhibit lower inhibition of induced cortical response to the pulse than healthy controls. This finding confirms previous results showing a high distractibility in these patients. Moreover, PD patients exhibit impaired theta synchronization when focused attention was engaged
Benraiss, Abdelrhani. "Etude des potentiels évoqués auditifs et des processus attentionnels chez les schizophrènes chroniques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22076.
Full textLabbée, Chantale. "Les potentiels évoqués auditifs dans le coma et les états de conscience altérés chez les patients ayant subi un trauma craniocérébral." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43141.
Full textMagnon, Didier. "Méthode générale de détermination des potentiels intérieurs et de localisation des sites générateurs, à partir de la mesure de potentiels lointains : application aux potentiels évoqués auditifs précoces et visualisation des résultats par traitement d'images." Tours, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOUR3301.
Full textBertrand, Olivier. "Système informatise d'enregistrement séquentiel des potentiels évoqués auditifs précoces adaptes à la surveillance des malades comateux." Lyon, INSA, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ISAL0045.
Full textGodey, Benoit. "Contribution de la Magnétoencéphalographie et des enregistrements unitaires par mico-électrodes à l'étude de la physiologie du cortex auditif." Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA132006.
Full textBidet-Caulet, Aurélie. "Mécanismes neurophysiologiques de la perception de flux sonores chez l'Homme : effets des contexts acoustiques et attentionnels." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189055.
Full textNous avons précisé les mécanismes neurophysiologiques impliqués dans ces processus en explorant les réponses électrophysiologiques corticales à des flux sonores de longue durée, dans différents contextes acoustiques et attentionnels, à partir d'enregistrements EEG de surface ou intracérébraux chez l'Homme.
Les résultats suggèrent un encodage différentiel des attributs fréquentiels et spatiaux dans le cortex auditif. La perception de deux flux sonores simultanés reposerait en partie sur des mécanismes de sélectivité fréquentielle et d'habituation. L'attention auditive faciliterait la sélection d'un son dans un mélange acoustique en augmentant les réponses corticales aux informations pertinentes et en diminuant celles aux sons distracteurs; ces mécanismes étant contrôlés par un réseau fronto-pariétal.
Occelli, Florian. "Effet d’une exposition à long-terme à un milieu bruité sur l’audiogramme et les propriétés fonctionnelles des neurones du cortex auditif primaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS165.
Full textOver the last few years, studies have described alarming effects of exposure to artificial acoustic environments on the functional properties of neurons in the auditory system. The aim of this project was to determine if long-lasting exposure at a sound intensity which is not recognized by the legislation to cause permanent or temporary hearing loss (80 dB SLP 8h/ day) induced, or not, changes in the audiograms and functional properties of neurons in theprimary auditory cortex. Adult female rats (Sprague Dawley) were exposed over 3 to 18 months (depending on the group) to an acoustic environment mimicking daily sound environments surrounding a large part of the population, and whose effects have never been studied on such durations. The originality of this project lies in analyzing the effects at alllevels of the auditory system from peripheral (via ABRs) to central levels (cortical electrophysiology) and also the possible consequences at the behavioral level. A new perceptual learning task has been developed to assess the effects of exposure. During aging, our data showed a decrease in behavioral performance, a gradual impairment of ABRs thresholds as well as an impairment in parameters of the neural responses such as (i) the response latency, (ii) response duration, (iii) the ability to detect silence in a vocalization (iv) or to follow an amplitude modulation, (v) the reproducibility of response to vocalization. The main effect of exposure to a noisy environment is the appearance of a Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS) after 6 to 12 months of exposure (which completely disappears in three weeks). Surprisingly, this long lasting TTS had apparently no e ffect on ABRs thresholds, the evokedcortical activity, or the animal’s discrimination performance. These results encourage us to be quite cautious in generalizing the conclusions to be drawn from exposures to artificial noisyenvironments
Bellier, Ludovic. "Encodage neuronal des sons de parole : développements méthodologiques, générateurs neuronaux et application au malentendant appareillé." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10135/document.
Full textTo date, six million French are hearing impaired. To address this public health issue, efficient tools for exploration of the hearing function are essentials. Speech ABR (Speech Auditory Brainstem Response) is a promising tool, being a fine electrophysiological marker of the neuronal encoding of speech. Though, its methodology remains underdeveloped, its neural origin is still uncertain, and it has never been recorded in hearing aid users. The first axis of this thesis focuses on the neural generators of Speech ABR. The development of a methodology for recording topographies of this response, up to now described as strictly subcortical, first suggested the possibility of a cortical generator. A stereo-electroencephalography study then confirmed the existence of Speech ABR activity in bilateral primary auditory cortices. This result sheds a new light on the representation of speech sounds within the auditory nervous system. The second axis concerns the study of Speech ABR in hearing aid users. After having developed a methodology of acoustic stimulation directly through hearing aids, we investigated neural plasticity induced by hearing aid use. Results show an improvement in the identification of amplified phonemes, linked to an altered cortical representation and a rebalanced frequency encoding. This very first evidence of neural plasticity as soon as the first four months of hearing aid use opens up new therapeutic hopes
Besle, Julien. "Interactions audiovisuelles dans le cortex auditif chez l'homme : approches électrophysiologique et comportementale." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00161510.
Full textConcernant la parole, nous avons montré que la vision des mouvements labiaux accélère la discrimination phonologique de syllabes. Cette facilitation comportementale était associée à la fois à une activation des cortex auditifs (surtout secondaires) par les mouvements de lèvres, visible sur les PE intracérébraux chez le patient épileptique, et à une diminution de l'activité auditive entre 50 et 200 ms après le début du son, visible à la fois en intracérébral chez le patient et en PE de surface chez le sujet normal. Une autre étude comportementale a montré qu'une facilitation peut aussi être observée si les mouvements labiaux ne fournissent que des informations temporelles et non phonétiques, mais seulement dans le bruit.
Concernant la MSA, on a montré que la détection d'un évènement AV rare dans une suite d'évènements standards est plus rapide que la détection d'un évènement auditif ou visuel. Cette facilitation serait liée à des interactions entre les traces mnésiques auditives et visuelles indexées par les MMN auditives et visuelles des PE. Nous avons aussi montré, par l'analyse de la MMN auditive, que la représentation d'un évènement AV en MSA diffère de celle de sa composante auditive seule, mais seulement si ses composantes unimodales sont régulièrement associées. En revanche, nous avons échoué à montrer que la représentation d'une telle régularité peut générer une MMN lorsqu'elle est violée.
Lebib, Riadh. "Le traitement intermodal des informations langagières : approches comportementales et électrophysiologiques." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066215.
Full textDeltenre, Paul. "Etude neurophysiologique de la déficience auditive chez l'Homme: vers une optimalisation de l'usage des potentiels de courte latence évoqués par des clics." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212300.
Full textAkhoun, Idrick. "ANALYSE DE L'ENCODAGE DES SIGNAUX DE PAROLE DANS LE TRONC CEREBRAL (SPEECH AUDITORY BRAINSTEM RESPONSE)." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00568938.
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