Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Potentiel membranaire de repos'
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Dweik, Jalal. "Modélisation moléculaire du transfert membranaire." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20188.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to better understand the physical and physicochemical phenomena involved in nano-confined aqueous solutions, especially the role of "solute-solute" and "solute-interface" interactions within nanopores. By a fundamental approach based on the meso- macroscopic physics of fluids, we study the ionic transport across the membrane pores using the “space charge model”. This model based on the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann “mean field theory”, takes into account the electrostatic interactions between the membrane and ions in solution. Understanding of Ionic transport and selectivity across nanofiltration membranes is only partial at this level of description. We therefore go beyond the meso and macroscopic approaches by performing "Molecular Dynamics" simulations, a method particularly well adapted to the nanoscale. We focus on a study of “Water/vapour” interfaces and “Water/nanopore” systems, more particularly effects due to the specific characteristics of molecules and ions: size, charge, polarizability. We study the distribution of the ions and molecules and their correlations/fluctuations. Our simulations reveal the important role played by atomic and ionic polarizability on the distribution of ions in aqueous solutions near interfaces and in nanopores. This effect may be at the origin of the filtration selectivity of nanoporous membranes for ions of the same charge valence and therefore must be better understood before being reliably integrated into mesoscopic theories of membrane transport
Galizzi, Jean-Pierre. "Propriétés pharmacologiques et structurales du canal calcium lent dépendant du potentiel membranaire du muscle squelettique de mammifère." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597729d.
Full textGalizzi, Jean-Pierre. "Propriétés pharmacologiques et structurales du canal calcium lent dépendant du potentiel membranaire du muscle squelettique de mammifere." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE4021.
Full textSusa, Isabella. "Modélisation mathématique des oscillations en salves du potentiel membranaire dans les neurones et les cellules [beta] pancréatiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10216.
Full textRoussel, Céline. "Etude du rôle des chélateurs calciques sur les oscillations du potentiel membranaire neuronal: approche expérimentale et théorique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210854.
Full textAu niveau théorique, nous avons élaboré un modèle mathématique de l’activité électrique du grain cérébelleux, prenant en compte la chélation du calcium intracellulaire. Il permet de clarifier le rôle de la chélation du calcium intracellulaire sur les oscillations du potentiel membranaire. La modélisation de l’activité électrique du grain cérébelleux repose sur le formalisme développé par Hodgkin et Huxley pour l’axone géant de calmar. Dans ce contexte, l’application de la conservation de la charge au circuit équivalent de la membrane cellulaire fournit un système d’équations différentielles ordinaires, non linéaires. Dès lors, notre modèle nous a permis d’étudier l’impact des variations de la concentration de chélateur calcique sur les oscillations du potentiel membranaire. Nous avons ainsi pu constater qu’une diminution de la concentration en chélateur calcique induisait une augmentation de l’excitabilité électrique du grain cérébelleux, sans altérer le régime d’oscillations. Par contre, en augmentant fortement la concentration en chélateur calcique, nous avons montré que le grain cérébelleux changeait de dynamique oscillatoire, montrant des transitions d’un mode de décharge périodique régulier vers des oscillations en salve du potentiel membranaire.
Au niveau expérimental, nous avons vérifié les résultats prévus par le modèle théorique. Nous avons ainsi montré que des grains de souris transgéniques déficientes en calrétinine présentaient une excitabilité électrique accrue par rapport aux grains contrôles.
Puis, en restaurant un niveau de chélation calcique normal dans ces grains, par perfusion intracellulaire de chélateur calcique, nous montrons qu’ils retrouvent un niveau d’excitabilité normal. Ensuite, nous avons introduit dans des grains cérébelleux de souris sauvages, une forte concentration en chélateur calcique exogène. Conformément aux résultats théoriques, nous avons pu observer des transitions vers des oscillations en salve du potentiel membranaire. Enfin, nous avons montré que l’absence de calrétinine affecte les paramètres morphologiques du grain cérébelleux des souris transgéniques déficientes en calrétinine.
En conclusion, ces résultats suggèrent que le mode de décharge des cellules excitables peut être modulé d’une façon importante par les protéines liant le calcium. De ce fait, des changements dans le niveau d’expression et/ou dans la localisation subcellulaire des protéines liant le calcium pourraient aussi jouer un rôle critique dans la régulation de processus physiologiques contrôlés par l’excitabilité membranaire. De plus, les mécanismes que nous avons mis en évidence pourraient être à l’origine d’un nouveau principe de régulation de la signalisation dans les circuits neuronaux et pourraient jouer un rôle fonctionnel dans le contrôle du codage de l’information et de son stockage dans le système nerveux central.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation physique
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Abderemane-Ali, Fayal. "Étude de la régulation des canaux ioniques par le potentiel membranaire et le PIP2 : vers une nouvelle approche thérapeutique ?" Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=09a26491-3518-4274-aef2-4b60dc598eea.
Full textVoltage-dependent ion channels are plasma membrane proteins allowing ionic exchanges between cells and their environment. These proteins regulate the passage of ions such as potassium, sodium and calcium, and are responsible of the electrical activity in the heart, the squeletal muscles and the brain. The activity of these ion channels is regulated by the membrane potential as well as extracellular, cytosolic or membrane compounds such as the phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2). Impaired regulation of these channels triggers cardiac, muscular or neuronal pathologies called channelopathies, whose treatments are limited by their low specificity. Discovery of efficient and more specific pharmacological tools against these channelopathies requires a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying ion channels regulation. Consequently, my thesis researches were focused on three main projects: 1) the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying voltage-gated potassium channels regulation by PIP2 and 2) the study of the mechanisms of the cardiac potassium channel KCNQ1 voltage dependency. In this second project, we established a new molecular model of KCNQ1 regulation by the membrane potential, allowing us to generate KCNQ1-specific modulator peptides (activators and inhibitors). Consequently, I was interested to study (3) if this new model applies to other ion channels such as the muscular sodium channel Nav1. 4, in order to generate specific modulator peptides for these channels. In order to improve the potency of these modulator peptides, the structural bases of peptidechannel interaction are under investigations. In short, these studies on the mechanisms of ion channels regulation by PIP2 and by the membrane potential provide both basic and therapeutic insights
Teychené, Benoît. "Rôle des nanoparticules organiques dans le colmatage membranaire : application au traitement d'eaux usées urbaines par biopéacteur à membranes." Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000256/.
Full textDirect treatment of activated sludge in membrane bioreactor frequently results in low net fluxes and frequent maintenance operations. The water separation by membrane is largely determined by the quality of the activated sludge (AS) and by the mechanisms involved in fouling. Many research studies have focused on the understanding of fouling mechanisms and on the development of processes to reduce fouling in order to achieve a stable operation. This thesis investigates the role of fine “inert” particles (melamine and latex) on structuration of a fouling layer formed during membrane filtration of waters rich in natural organic matters (waste waters). Two cases were investigated: (i) the fine particles were mixed with AS supernatant and then filtered on a virgin microfiltration membrane. And secondly (ii) filtration was performed on a dynamic filter previously made of the fine particles. In order to characterise fouling layer properties during filtration a new experimental method was developed by measuring the electrical potential across the membrane as an in situ measurement. Results emphasized the important role in reversible fouling of macromolecular proteins present in the biopolymer of the water phase of the sludge. It was found that fouling layer induced by these macromolecules is highly compressible. Moreover results show that the addition of particles into biofluid diminishes the fouling layer compressibility and improve its removal by backwash. It was found that OM fouling resistance increase when latex particles are present whereas the resistances are lower when melamine is added. Thus even small interactions (small compared to classical adsorbent particles such as activated carbon) between particles and OM can improve the filterability of the biofluids. Results show that melamine particles are more prone to interact with organic matter than latex, and lead to less flux decline. However dynamic filter made of melamine leads to more flux decline and compressible organic matter layer but is easily removable. Add to this the measurement of electrical potential during fouling layer formation show, in simple case (filtration of fine particles alone), the possibility to characterise fouling layer properties in terms of surface charge and thickness
Dahdouh, Layal. "Contribution à la compréhension du colmatage membranaire lors de la microfiltration de jus de fruits : identification de leur potentiel colmatant." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS016.
Full textMicrofiltration is a pressure driven process successfully used to clarify and stabilize fruit juices or to concentrate their pulpy fraction. However, membrane fouling remains the critical factor governing the overall economic productivity of this process. Even if, many studies have been made to understand and limit membrane fouling, to date, there stills a lack of predicting tools to evaluate the filterability of fruit juices. However, it is interesting to develop practical and efficient tools for the prediction of fruit juices filterability in order to adapt and optimize filtration conditions to the fouling behavior of the filtered juice. In this respect, this study focused on the identification of new criteria of fruit juices filterability through the comprehension and the characterization of the potential fouling mechanisms.First, orange juice was chosen as test matrix and a statistical approach was used to select simple and relevant physico-chemical characteristics of this juice in relation with its filterability, namely dry matter, TSS, pH, conductivity, and particles size. Later, additional experimental strategies based on filtration tests at lab-scale were developed to identify the relevant size-classes of foulant compounds and related fouling mechanisms. These innovative strategies allowed studying the fouling potential of orange juice with the consideration of its complexity and proposing cartographies of foulant compounds. These cartographies are particularly interesting to anticipate the fouling behavior of fruit juices without any costly filtration operation at large scale. Moreover, results showed that external fouling seems to be the predominant fouling mechanism governing the overall membrane fouling during orange juice filtration. Finally, the aim of the last part of the work was to highlight the role of the complex and heterogeneous nature of fruit juices in their unexpected behavior during their filtration. For this purpose, the viscoelastic behavior of orange juice suspended solids during their concentration was obtained from rheological measurements in dynamic mode coupled with specific isolation of orange juice foulant fractions. Results showed that the energy of the interactions between juice particles increased as the suspended solids concentration increased and depends on the particles size. Furthermore, the solid-like behavior of the juice was enhanced by the presence of supra-colloids and large particles. These observations are in accordance with the predominant fouling mechanism that is due to the accumulation of these fruit fractions on the membrane surface. The confrontation of new filterability studies at laboratory scale with the performance of large-scale filtration will enable to generalize the proposed strategies to predict the performance of filtration of new fruit juices
Boedec, Arthur. "Traitement d'effluents polysiloxaniques dans des matrices aqueuses salines : potentiel de la nanofiltration et de l'oxydation biologique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30040/document.
Full textIndustrial production of silicones generates liquid streams containing siloxanes with high salinity. In a perspective of sustainable development and to consider the growing concern about the environmental impact of industrial residues, we are looking for treatment processes to remove siloxanes in wastewater. This study aims to evaluate the performance of two processes for the treatment of effluents containing siloxanes: nanofiltration and biological oxidation, Frontal nanofiltration experiments were carried out. Firstly, experiments with synthetic solutions (mix of water and siloxanes) have shown almost total siloxane retention in all conditions investigated. Then, experiments were performed with effluents of different compositions representative of industrial ones in order to evaluate the process robustness. It was concluded that nanofiltration is efficient to reduce the total organic content of the effluent and significantly reduces siloxanes concentration. Dilution of the effluent causes a decrease in TOC reduction and siloxanes retention, but the permeate quality is improved. Increasing salinity reduces the filtrate quality. Micro and ultrafiltration of identical effluents confirmed that only NF can reach a high level of siloxane retention. Tangential nanofiltration experiences were performed in order to prepare a more complete study which is necessary to anticipate industrialization of the process. Siloxanes biodegradability was explored by Oxitop method. No biological activity induced by siloxanes was recorded in Oxitop tests with activated sludge from wastewater treatment plant, but no toxic or inhibitory effects were observed. A pilot membrane bioreactor was fed in the laboratory for 6 months with a solution containing siloxanes to try to acclimate activated sludge to siloxane. Oxitop tests performed with sludge taken from the pilot did not show acclimation of microorganisms to siloxanes
Eynard, Nathalie. "Effets physiologiques et metaboliques de la modulation du potentiel transmembranaire et de l'integrite membranaire electro-induits chez escherichia coli. Application aux mecanismes de l'electrotransformation." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112074.
Full textPons, Thomas. "Applications de la génération de second harmonique à l'imagerie biologique." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066269.
Full textAzdad, Karima. "Régulation de l'excitabilité et des oscillations du potentiel membranaire des neurones stratiaux: rôles des récepteurs de la dopamine et de l'adénosine et de leurs cascades de signalisation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210387.
Full textLe striatum, premier relais du système des ganglions de la base, reçoit deux afférences principales :les voies dopaminergique nigro-striatale et glutamatergique cortico-striatale. En plus de ces deux afférences majeures, l’adénosine, par son action sur ses récepteurs, joue de nombreux rôles de régulation dans ce système. Ainsi, l’activité neuronale des neurones épineux moyens du striatum est modulée par les récepteurs de la dopamine qui sont en étroites interactions avec les récepteurs de l’adénosine. Bien que la signalisation de la dopamine et de l’adénosine ait été l’objet de nombreuses attentions, les mécanismes impliqués dans la régulation, par les récepteurs D2 de la dopamine et A2A de l’adénosine, dans le contrôle du potentiel membranaire et de l’excitabilité intrinsèque des neurones épineux moyens du striatum et leurs conséquences sur cette excitabilité en cas de déplétion en dopamine (mimant la maladie de Parkinson) restent encore très méconnues.
Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons donc tenté d’élucider les mécanismes de régulation des récepteurs D2 et A2A et leurs interactions dans la modulation de la transition du potentiel membranaire et de l’excitabilité intrinsèque des neurones striataux, ainsi que les conséquences d’une déplétion en dopamine sur cette excitabilité neuronale.
Dans le premier travail de thèse, sur un modèle in vitro de transition du potentiel membranaire et par l’utilisation de peptides compétitifs, nous avons montré que les récepteurs D2 et A2A régulent le plateau de dépolarisation du potentiel membranaire induit par le NMDA via un mécanisme d’interaction protéine-protéine intramembranaire. En effet, l’activation du récepteur D2 supprime la transition entre un potentiel membranaire hyperpolarisé, le « down-state » et un plateau de dépolarisation du potentiel membranaire, le « up-state » par la régulation de l’activité du canal calcique Cav1.3a interagissant avec la protéine d’ancrage Shank. L’activation du récepteur A2A per se n’a pas d’effet, mais il réverse totalement la modulation de la transition du potentiel membranaire par le récepteur D2 selon un mécanisme dans lequel l’hétéromérisation des récepteurs A2A-D2 est strictement nécessaire, démontrant ainsi un intérêt physiologique direct de ces hétéromères. Nos travaux démontrent que la transition du potentiel membranaire et la fréquence de décharge des potentiels d’action des neurones striataux sont étroitement contrôlées par les récepteurs D2 et A2A via des interactions spécifiques protéine-protéine impliquant une hétéromérisation des récepteurs A2A-D2.
Dans la seconde étude présentée dans cette thèse, nous avons mis en évidence une régulation antagoniste de l’excitabilité intrinsèque des neurones épineux moyens du striatum par les récepteurs D2 et A2A via des mécanismes impliquant la modulation d’une conductance potassique de type A (IA). Par ailleurs, nous avons montré qu’une déplétion en dopamine conduit à une augmentation de l’excitabilité intrinsèque de ces neurones via une diminution d’une conductance IA. Malgré une forte diminution des afférences synaptiques excitatrices déterminées par une diminution de la densité des épines dendritiques et une augmentation du courant minimal nécessaire pour induire un premier EPSP, l’augmentation de l’excitabilité intrinsèque induite par la déplétion en dopamine résulte en un renforcement de la réponse des synapses restantes, permettant aux neurones striataux de répondre à une stimulation en provenance des afférences excitatrices de manière similaire voire même, plus efficace que dans les conditions contrôles. De plus, cette augmentation de l’excitabilité intrinsèque via la régulation d’une conductance IA représente une forme de plasticité homéostatique permettant au neurone de compenser une perturbation de l’activité neuronale ou de la transmission synaptique et donc d’assurer une stabilité de son patron de décharge des potentiels d’action. Ces données montrent la capacité de cette homéostasie à maintenir la fréquence de décharge des neurones striataux dans une gamme fonctionnelle, et ce dans des conditions pathologiques, permettant de stabiliser l’activité neuronale dans un réseau altéré.
En conclusion, l’ensemble de ce travail de thèse a permis de mettre en évidence une interaction fonctionnelle des récepteurs D2 de la dopamine et A2A de l’adénosine dans la régulation du contrôle de l’excitabilité des neurones épineux moyens du striatum. Il a également permis d’établir l’existence d’un mécanisme de plasticité homéostasique intervenant dans ce système neuronal altéré, afin de maintenir une activité électrique fonctionnelle des neurones striataux.
Doctorat en sciences biomédicales
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Akbache, Abdérrazak. "Transforming growth factor-β₂ dans le lait bovin : extraction, caractérisation et potentiel d'interaction : l'impact du chauffage sur la biodisponibilité et l'extraction du TGF-β₂ dans les ingrédients produits par systèmes membranaire, et leur potentiel d'interaction avec les protéines du lait." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21215.
Full textPerek-Courbon, Nathalie. "Etude des mécanismes cellulaires d'incorporation du Tc-99m-tetrofosmin dans un modèle de cellules tumorales gliales de haut grade : études comparatives avec le thallium 201 et le Tc-99m-setamibi." Saint-Etienne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STET003T.
Full textSellaiah, Evinaa. "Le noyau subthalamique et le contrôle moteur : fonction et dysfonction dans la maladie de Parkinson." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066302/document.
Full textThe Parkinson's disease is a secondary neurodegenerative disease in the death of the dopaminergic neurons, pulling a dysfunction of the ganglions of the base (GB), the set pits under cortical implied in the control of the motricity
Georges, Marjolaine. "Effets extra-ventilatoires de la ventilation non-invasive au cours de la sclérose latérale amyotrophique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066350/document.
Full textAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease. Respiratory failure (RF) develops when phrenic neurons are involved. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is the only treatment for diaphragm weakness. Patients with ALS-related RF often exhibit strong activity of inspiratory neck muscles (INM) as a compensatory mechanism to maintain adequate ventilation.In chapter 1 of thesis, resting energy expenditure (REE) is lower under NIV (median decrease of 7%). Chapter 2 confirms that standard tests to measure respiratory muscle endurance (maximal voluntary ventilation and repeated maximal inspiratory pressures) are not adapted to ALS patients with diaphragm involvement while 90 % of them complete a series of 10 maximal sniff pressures (SNIP). This test is sufficient to initiate fatigue in ALS patients with a progressive decrease in sniff amplitude and preserved maximal relaxation rate. These results suggest that central fatigue contribute to RF in ALS. Different tests of respiratory muscle endurance were not linked to ALS severity or NIV use. Chapter 3 shows that 57 % of ALS patients with RF exhibit respiratory-related cortical activity during spontaneous breathing. Pre-inspiratory potentials (PIP) almost disappear on NIV. Presence of PIP interferes with dyspnea and INM activity.NIV can reduce REE probably by alleviating the ventilator burden imposed on INM to compensate ALS-related RF. This positive contribution to a better nutritional equilibrium supports the hypothesis that starting NIV early in the course of ALS could be beneficial. To determine the good timing to initiate NIV stay difficult. Recording PIP could provide a useful tool
Loulergue, Patrick. "Caractérisation In-Situ de dépôts formés en filtration membranaire de suspensions particulaires et de biofluides : intéraction entre structure locale et performances du procédé." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0046/document.
Full textMembrane fouling is one of the major drawbacks of membrane bioreactors. This study is thus a contribution to the understanding of the dynamic structuring of complex deposits build-up during dead-end filtration of complex biofluids. Several tools were used to perform in-situ characterization of cake layer structural properties at local scale and to link them to global filtration performances. The electrokinetics properties of the deposit were also investigated. An optical and an acoustic method were used to measure local cake thickness and growth kinetics. The thicknesses given by the two methods were first compared. It was shown that for compact deposits the two different methods lead to the same thickness of the deposit. For more porous deposits, these two methods allow to obtain complementary data at two different depths of the deposits. The influence of operating conditions on cake layer structuring during filtration of modelled particles was evaluated. Using the optical method it was shown that, whatever the operating conditions, the cake structure is not constant in time. Furthermore, a spatial variability of the cake layer thickness might exist especially in the case of weak particle-particle repulsion. Finally, it has been investigated whether the different methods could be applied or not to the case of biofluid filtration. The structural properties of the complex deposits built up during diluted activated sludge filtration were investigated. Cake compressibility was observed at global scale by a monitoring of process performances and was also observed at local scale: cake thickness decreases as TMP increases. Furthermore, at local scale, a spatial variability of deposit structure was found. Particle addition into the biofluid was assessed in order to mitigate compressibility effects
Cléach, Jérôme. "Recherche et études de marqueurs précoces permettant de déterminer l'état de fraicheur de filets de poissons." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0497/document.
Full textFreshness is a key parameter of fish quality. Current routine techniques to determine fish freshness are not applicable to all species and reflect a late stage of alteration. Thus, research on early indicators of fish freshness still represents a major and topical challenge in fishing industry. This PhD research project aimed to demonstrate that mitochondrial functions and integrity constitute early indicators of fish fillet freshness. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and play a central role in cell death mecanisms such as apoptosis and necrosis. Mitochondrial function and integrity in fish filet muscle cells were studied at different times of storage post mortem at 4°C. The species studied as a model was the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) (gilthead seabream fibroblast cell line (SAF-1) and fish fillets). Firstly, the structure of fish mitochondria was studied by transmission electron microscopy. Numerous mitochondrial structural alterations have been observed in fish fillet from 72 hours (D3) of storage at 4°C. These alterations were more pronounced at D4 and D6. Then, mitochondrial functionality was assessed with two approaches: mitochondrial respiration (oxygraphy) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨₘ) estimated with the fluorescent probe Rh123. From 96 hours of storage at 4°C (D4), these two parameters were significantly disrupted demonstrating the alteration of mitochondrial function and integrity. The results are in correlation with the mitochondrial structural alterations described by microscopy. In parallel, a method of mitochondrial membrane potential evaluation has been developed with a micro-volume fluorimeter, first using bacteria and then isolated mitochondria. This work demonstrated that the mitochondrial functionality study constitutes a reliable and early fish filet freshness indicator. Additional knowledge on cell mechanisms in post mortem condition has been brought. These results constitute the starting point for the development of a fish freshness assay kit and pave the way to research on others freshness and freeze-thawing indicators based on mitochondrial integrity and functionality
Demmano, Gustave. "Réactions enzymatiques cycliques : études systématiques des modèles de transport-réaction transmembranaires d'électrons et de protons. Cycles amplificateurs multienzymatiques en solution." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUES027.
Full textBrassart, Michel. "Rôle des échanges ioniques membranaires lors de la reprise de la méiose de l'ovocyte de Barnea candida : mesures effectuées à l'aide de sondes fluorescentes." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066390.
Full textCornel, Daniel. "Etude des propriétés électrophysiologiques des protoplastes et des vacuoles libres d'Acer Pseudoplatanus L." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077112.
Full textFnitir, Saïda. "Modalites d'action d'ouabaine sur l'activite electrique et contractile du muscle myocardique de mouton en milieu hyperpotassique." Poitiers, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986POIT2281.
Full textTouchard, Pascale. "Propriétés d'échange et de transport ioniques des parois végétales isolées de cals de lin." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES017.
Full textAyadi, Rachida el. "Proprietes et mecanismes de l'absorption des glucides par les embryons de vicia faba l." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2251.
Full textM'Batchi, Bertrand. "Le transporteur de saccharose des tissus foliaires : marquage différentiel, solubilisation et sélectivité." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2028.
Full textKarelis, Antony D. "Study of the mechanisms by which carbohydrate administration during prolonged muscle contractions increases performance = Étude des mécanismes par lesquels l'administration de glucides améliore la performance durant des contractions prolongées du muscle." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15430.
Full textFortier, Mélanie. "Étude biophysique des facteurs influençant l'activité des toxines du bacille de Thuringe." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18102.
Full textKirouac, Martin. "Effets des toxines insecticides du Bacille de Thuringe sur la perméabilité des vésicules de membrane à bordure en brosse intestinale du sphinx du tabac." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17385.
Full textVerdier, Dorly. "Étude électrophysiologique, pharmacologique et anatomique des mécanismes impliqués dans la modulation de l'excitabilité des afférences fusoriales du noyau mésencéphalique du trijumeau." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15755.
Full textVigneault, Patrick. "Rôle fonctionnel des canaux potassiques activés par le calcium au sein de progéniteurs cardiaques : implication en médecine régénérative." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23541.
Full textHeart failure (HF) is a progressive disease characterized by extensive pathological remodelling of the heart and myocardial damage. Regardless of the etiology, a decrease of about 30% in the number of ventricular cardiomyocytes is observed at the terminal stage of HF. Based on converging preclinical data in HF models, the innovative concept of cell therapy has generated a great deal of enthusiasm in cardiology. Although the role of cardiac stem cells in cardiac homeostasis is highly controversial, the multipotent progenitors that persist within the adult myocardium possess the ideal characteristics for cardiac regeneration, especially because of their cardiogenic committment. Plasma membrane ion channels are involved in the fundamental processes of virtually all cells that make up the human body, including stem cells. A wide range of functional ion channels was identified in ex vivo proliferated endogenous cardiac progenitor cells (eCPCs), but their function remains poorly understood. We have completed the very first characterization of the ionic profile of freshly-isolated c-Kit+ eCPCs. We found that the intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated potassium current (IKCa3.1) is the predominant conductance and contributes to the determination of membrane potential (Vmem). The hyperpolarization generated by the activation of the KCa3.1 channel (SK4; KCNN4) maintains the electrical gradient and promotes store-operated Ca2+-entry (SOCE) that activates progenitor cell proliferation. Experimental congestive heart failure (CHF) significantly decreased the expression of KCa3.1 as well as cell cycle regulatory proteins. Taken together, these findings suggest that alterations in KCa3.1 may have pathophysiological and therapeutic significance in regenerative medicine In addition to c-Kit+ eCPCs, cardiac explants-derived cells (EDCs) represent another promising cell product for myocardial repair. EDCs are obtained as a heterogeneous mixture composed of complementary subpopulations. Interestingly, it was found that a high proportion of CD90+ cells reduce the functional benefits of EDCs therapy. Consistent with this observation, it has recently been shown that the CD90- population constitutes the active fraction in terms of therapeutic efficacy. In order to gain insight into the ionic determinants of EDCs function, the electrophysiological properties of the CD90+ and CD90- populations were studied. Considering the importance of KCa3.1 in c-Kit+ CPCs, we evaluated the presence of KCa channels in human EDCs. We have identified 2 types of KCa channels in ex vivo expanded EDCs. While KCa1.1 (BKCa; KCNMA1) channel was homogeneously expressed in both subpopulations, KCa3.1 was found exclusively in the CD90- cell fraction. Similar to our previous observations in freshly isolated c-Kit+ eCPCs, KCa3.1 was responsible for the determination of Vmem under resting conditions and during SOCE. Importantly, we demonstrated that transplantation of genetically-modified EDCs to over-express KCNN4 potentiates cardiac regeneration in a murine model of ischemic cardiomyopathy. This study provides the first evidence in the literature that modulating the activity of a single plasma membrane ion channel can truly improves the therapeutic efficacy of progenitor cells.
Bourdeau, Mathieu. "Base moléculaire et rôle du courant potassique transitoire I(A) des interneurones de l'hippocampe chez le rongeur." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4821.
Full textCellular and molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory in mammals are incompletely understood. The theta rhythm in the hippocampus constitutes the « on-line » state of this structure which is crucial for declarative memory. In the CA1 hippocampal area, LM/RAD inhibitory interneurons exhibit intrinsic membrane potential oscillations (MPOs) that could be important for the generation of theta rhythm. Preliminary work suggested that K+ current I(A) could be involved in the generation of these oscillations. Nevertheless, little is known about the identity of the principal and auxiliary protein subunits underlying I(A) current and the extent of the functional contribution of this K+ current in hippocampal interneurons. Thus, this Ph.D. thesis shows that I(A) current underlies MPO generation in LM/RAD interneurons and that Kv4.3 proteins form channels that contribute to this current. Also, it deepens the knowledge on the mechanism controlling the interactions between Kv4.3 channel-forming principal subunits and KChIP1 auxiliary proteins. Finally, it reveals that KChIP1 modulates native I(A)-Kv4.3 current and the action potential discharge frequency in interneurons. Our work takes part in advancing the knowledge on the field of modulation of excitability in hippocampal inhibitory interneurons and allows a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the function of the hippocampus and possibly memory in mammals.