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Journal articles on the topic 'Potentiometric method'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 June 2025

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Zimmermann, Peter, Andreas Weltin, Gerald Urban, and Jochen Kieninger. "Active Potentiometry for Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring with Platinum Electrodes." Sensors 18, no. 8 (2018): 2404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082404.

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Potentiometric oxygen monitoring using platinum as the electrode material was enabled by the combination of conventional potentiometry with active prepolarization protocols, what we call active potentiometry. The obtained logarithmic transfer function is well-suited for the measurement of dissolved oxygen in biomedical applications, as the physiological oxygen concentration typically varies over several decades. We describe the application of active potentiometry in phosphate buffered salt solution at different pH and ion strength. Sensitivity was in the range of 60 mV/dec oxygen concentration; the transfer function deviated from logarithmic behavior for smaller oxygen concentration and higher ion strength of the electrolyte. Long-term stability was demonstrated for 60 h. Based on these measurement results and additional cyclic voltammetry investigations a model is discussed to explain the potential forming mechanism. The described method of active potentiometry is applicable to many different potentiometric sensors possibly enhancing sensitivity or selectivity for a specific parameter.

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Isvoranu, Marian, Constantin Luca, Maria Pleniceanu, and Cezar Spinu. "Studies on a Pb2+ - selective electrode with a macrocyclic liquid membrane: Potentiometric determination of pb2+ ions." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 71, no. 12 (2006): 1345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0612345i.

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This paper presents experimental and theoretical data regarding the design, characterization and analytical applications of a non-expensive, liquid-membrane ion-selective electrode for Pb2+ ions. The membrane is a solution of the active complex formed by Pb2+ ions with dibenzo-18-crown-6-ionophore (DB-[18]-C-6) extracted in propylene carbonate (PC). The successful application of the developed electrode for the determination of Pb2+ ions in aqueos solution samples by direct potentiometry and potentiometric titration is presented. For the presented analytical results, there are insignificant systematic errors between the direct potentiometric method with the developed ion-selective electrode and atomic absorption spectrometry. .

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Guagnellini, E., G. Spagliardi, G. Bernardi, and P. Stella. "Reliability of IL Monarch ion-selective electrode module for sodium, potassium, and chloride measurements." Clinical Chemistry 34, no. 4 (1988): 746–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/34.4.746.

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Abstract We evaluated the IL Monarch random-access centrifugal analyzer for measurement of Na+, K+, and Cl- by an indirect potentiometric method. For different concentrations of control material, the total precision (CV) ranged between 0.82% and 1.14% for the three electrolytes; linearity was acceptable within a range of 103 to 215 mmol/L for Na+, 1.6-15.25 mmol/L for K+, and 80-173 mmol/L for Cl-. Data correlated well with those by flame photometry for Na+ and K+ and with those by coulometry for Cl-, both for various biological materials--sera, urines, dialysis fluids--and commercial control materials from various producers. Stability of the potentiometric signal was acceptable: daily variations were 0.2 mV for Na+, 0.05 mV for K+, and 0.03 mV for Cl-. Accordingly, we conclude that the system supplies reproducible and accurate results while being easy to use and requiring little maintenance. The use of indirect potentiometry offers results consistent with those obtained with traditional methods, and easily interpretable by clinical staff. However, better information about the actual ion activity in the tested sample for certain pathologies such as hyperlipemia and dysproteinemia could be obtained by methods involving direct potentiometry.

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Sołtysik, Barbara. "A quick method to determine the content of sulfates in silicic and aluminosilicate fillers." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 9, no. 1 (2007): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-007-0009-8.

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A quick method to determine the content of sulfates in silicic and aluminosilicate fillers The paper presents the possibility of using barium-selective electrode to a potentiometric determination of sulfates in silicic and aluminosilicate fillers. The results of sulfates potentiometric titration in silicic and aluminosilicate fillers are described. A statistical interpretation of the results was carried out. The recommended method is based on the end-point detection of sulfates potentiometric titration in hydro-alcoholic medium by means of barium chlorate(VII) titrant. The potentiometric titration, which uses an ion-selective electrode as the indicator for the end-point was applied as the analytical technique. The parameter ranges for accurate sulfates determination in model solutions and the method of samples' preparation for analysis were investigated.

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Odyakov, V. F., E. G. Zhizhina, and K. I. Matveev. "New potentiometric method for vikasol determination." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 30, no. 1 (1996): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02218931.

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Gottardi, Waldemar, and Jörg Pfleiderer. "Redox-iodometry: a new potentiometric method." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 383, no. 4 (2005): 721–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-005-0100-z.

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Gottardi, Waldemar, and Jörg Pfleiderer. "Redox-iodometry: a new potentiometric method." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 382, no. 5 (2005): 1328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-005-3247-8.

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Borisov, A. F., M. M. Bun'kov, and N. A. Smirnova. "Potentiometric method of studying argillaceous materials." Glass and Ceramics 47, no. 5 (1990): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00677820.

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Rajkovic, Milos, Ivana Sredovic, and Zorana Miloradovic. "Comparison of different methods for determination of sodium chloride in cheese." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 55, no. 1 (2010): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1001065r.

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The content of NaCl (weight fraction of Cl-ions, in %) was analysed in different cheeses, which were bought in supermarkets, and made by domestic manufacturers. Sodium chloride in cheese samples was analysed after the extraction of chloride by nitric acid solution. Concentration of chloride ions was potentiometricly determined, with the chloride selective electrode and titrimetricly by Volhard method. According to the results in the analysis of the content of NaCl in %, by different methods it was determined that the share of NaCl in % ranged from 0.66 to 4.43% (determined by potentiometric route) that is from 0.97 to 4.72% (determined by titrimetric route by Volhard method). The difference in received results in different methods is less if the share of NaCl, in % is higher than 3%. If the share is less than 3%, the difference in results rapidly increases, and the biggest difference is when the share is less than 1%. This analysis was done according to the results received by Volhard method, which is accepted as a standard method. As Volhard method is in connection with cheese resolving by intense oxidation means, azotic acid and potassium permanganate, obligatory in fume board (hood), it is not a practical method. On the other hand, the potentiometric method with usage of the chloride-selective electrode is very simple and gives reliable and reproductive results. In case of a small content of NaCl, in %, higher precision and accuracy of determination by chloride-selective electrode can be obtained by indirect measurement of chloride-ions (by standard addition method).

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Yao, Yao, Yibin Ying, and Jianfeng Ping. "Development of a Graphene Paper-Based Flexible Solid-Contact Lead Ion-Selective Electrode and its Application in Water." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 2 (2019): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12906.

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Abstract. A graphene paper-based flexible solid-contact ion-selective electrode (SC-ISE) was developed to detect lead ion sensitively. Graphene paper obtained via a simple vacuum filtration method was used as the electrode substrate for direct coating of an ion-selective membrane. The Nernstian slope of the prepared paper-based potentiometric sensor toward lead ion detection was demonstrated as 29.4 mV per decade. A detection limit as low as 2.5 × 10-7 mol L-1 was achieved. Reversed chronopotentiometry and water layer test revealed that the graphene paper-based SC-ISE possessed excellent potential stability because of the hydrophobicity of graphene paper. Furthermore, reliable data were obtained from the detection of lead ion levels in real water samples using the graphene paper-based potentiometric sensor, which shows great potential in practical application. Keywords: Graphene paper, Heavy metal, Ion-selective electrode, Potentiometry, Water sample.

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Sakač, N. "Direct Potentiometric Method for Human Stress Determination." Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly 29, no. 3 (2015): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15255/cabeq.2015.2175.

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Partanen, Jaakko I., Pekka M. Juusola та Virginie Verraes. "Re-evaluation of the second thermodynamic dissociation constants of α-alanine, valine, and leucine using potentiometric data measured for aqueous potassium chloride solutions at 298.15 K". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, № 1 (2005): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v04-164.

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Equations were developed for the calculation of the second stoichiometric (molality scale) dissociation constants (Km2) of α-alanine, valine, and leucine in aq. KCl solutions at 298.15 K from the revised thermodynamic dissociation constants (Ka2) of these acids and the ionic strength (Im) of the solutions. The ionic strength of the solutions considered in this study is determined mostly by KCl alone, and the equations for Km2 were based on the single-ion activity coefficient equations of the Hückel type. The existing literature data obtained from Harned cell measurements and new potentiometric titration data were used to revise the Ka2 values of the three amino acids. The values (1.295 ± 0.013) × 1010, (1.894 ± 0.009) × 1010, and (1.685 ± 0.011) × 1010 were obtained from the new potentiometric titration data for α-alanine, valine, and leucine, respectively. For alanine and valine, the new Ka2 values are also supported by the Harned cell data used, but the value (1.80 ± 0.02) × 1010 obtained for leucine from these data is significantly different. The potentiometric values are recommended here. The activity coefficient equations for the calculation of Km2 values were also determined from the new potentiometric data. By means of the activity coefficient equations obtained for these three amino acids for KCl solutions, Km2 can be evaluated almost within experimental error up to an Im of about 1.0 mol kg1. The Km2 values calculated by this method are also compared with the values suggested in the literature.Key words: ionic strength dependence, stoichiometric dissociation constant, Debye-Hückel equation, potentiometry, α-alanine, valine, leucine.

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Kholifa, Mulik, Tri Mulyono, and Yeni Maulidah Muflihah. "Simultaneous Determination of Magnesium (Mg2+) and Ammonium (NH4+) by Flow Injection Analysis." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 19, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v19i1.5483.

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An automatic method for the simultaneous determination of magnesium and ammoniun by flow injection analysis is described. This analysis used two detectors, potentiometry and spectrophotometry, for the determination of magnesium and ammonium simultaneously. Potentiometric detectors are used to detect ammonium ions, whereas spectrophotometer detectors are used to detect the presence of magnesium ions. The performance of the FIA system includes linear range linearity, limit of detection, sensitivity, reproducibility and recovery test. Spectrophotometry FIA showed good performance with several criteria of linearity with regression value of 0.9918, the detection limit of 0.06 ppm, a sensitivity of 0.0115, repeatability of less than 2% and the percent recovery of 91,6%. While potentiometric FIA showed th performance with several criteria of linearity with regression value of 0.9896, the detection limit of 0.17 ppm, a sensitivity of 40.747 mV per decade of concentration, repeatability of less than 2% and the percent recovery of 89,7%. Keywords: Flow Injection Analysis, spectrophotometry, potensiometry, simultaneous

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Hassan, Saad S. M., and Mona A. Ahmed. "Polyvinyl Chloride Matrix Membrane Electrodes for Manual and Flow Injection Analysis of Chloroquine in Pharmaceutical Preparations." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 74, no. 6 (1991): 900–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/74.6.900.

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Abstract Two types of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix membrane electrodes responsive to the antimalarial drug chloroquine have been constructed, electrochemically evaluated, compared, and used in pharmaceutical analysis. Type 1 is the classic PVC model with chloroquine-tetraphenylborate (TPB) sensor; Type 2 is a coated silver disk without internal filling solution. Both electrode types exhibited rapid linear potentiometric response to the logarithmic concentration of diprotonated chloroquine cation in the 10−1–10−6M range with calibration slopes 28-30 mV/concentration decade over the pH range 1.8-6.2. These electrodes were sensitive enough to permit determination of chloroquine phosphate at concentrations as low as 5 μg/mL with good accuracy and precision. Determination of chloroquine in various pharmaceutical preparations using direct potentiometry and potentiometric titration with NaTPB gave an average recovery of 98.8% of the nominal values (SD 0.5%). The Type 2 electrode was also assessed in a flow-through sandwich cell for flow injection analysis. Results were compared with data obtained by the U.S. Pharmacopeia method.

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Beljaars, Paul R., and William Horwitz. "Comparison of the Volhard and Potentiometric Methods for the Determination of Chloride in Meat Products: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 68, no. 3 (1985): 480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/68.3.480.

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Abstract A collaborative study of the determination of chloride in meat products was conducted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to compare the ISO 1841 method (Volhard titration) with the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Committee method (potentiometric titration). Five canned luncheon meat products containing 0.25-2.0% sodium chloride at 4 different spiking levels were analyzed by 11 laboratories. The data were analyzed by ISO statistics (ISO 5725) and by AOAC statistics (Youden-Steiner), the major differences being in the rejection of outliers and in the statement of precision parameters. Good agreement was found between the mean chloride contents of the products as determined by both methods and with the added amounts, although statistically significantly higher sodium chloride recoveries were obtained with the potentiometric method. The within-laboratory variability (repeatability) is greater for the Volhard method, especially for chloride levels below 1.0%. Therefore it is proposed to set the lowest level of determination for the Volhard method at about 1.0% sodium chloride. The among-laboratories variability (reproducibility) of the potentiometric method was comparable with the results from the collaborative studies for chloride in cheese, giving acceptable values for relative standard deviations of 1.5-3.0% for meat products with 0.3-2.0% added sodium chloride. It is recommended that further work be conducted to reduce or eliminate the systematic error present with the potentiometric method as applied to meat and meat

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LUTWICK, GERALD W., GORDON R. WEBSTER, and BYRON KRATOCHVIL. "A COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS FOR DETERMINING CALCIUM ION ACTIVITY IN SOIL SOLUTIONS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 68, no. 2 (1988): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss88-040.

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Calcium ion activity, (Ca2+), in 37 soil solutions was determined using species calculation, potentiometric (ion selective electrode), and colorimetric (tetramethylmurexide) methods. Agreement among the three estimates of (Ca2+) was tested by comparing the potentiometric and colorimetric methods to the species calculation method. Good agreement was observed between (Ca2+) estimates using the potentiometric and species calculation methods. Percent relative error between the two methods was less than 5% for 76% of the soil extracts and less than 10% for 85% of the soil extracts. Differences are thought to be related to interference from H+, Na+, K+, and Mg2+ above certain concentrations. The colorimetric and species calculation methods agreed poorly in their estimates of (Ca2+) in soil solutions. Relative error was less than 20% for only 39% of the estimates. Sodium interference is thought to be a major contributor to error in estimating (Ca2+) using the colorimetric method. Key words: Calcium ion activity, methods comparison, aqueous species distribution, selective ion electrode, tetramethylmurexide

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Suheryanto, Zainal Fanani, and Dewi Jayanti. "Determination of copper metals in leachate using potentiometric method by concentration cells." SHS Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184902018.

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The potentiometric method of cell type concentration is used to analyze the copper metal in leachate. This method is relatively good because it has a correlation coefficient of 0.9997 and linear region in the concentration range 1×10-5 1×10-3 mol L-1. The precision of this potentiometric method is low because the persent of RSD produced is 0.6% with an average accuracy 0f 95.35%. The detection limit (LoD) of the measurable method is 1.085×10-6 mol L-1 with LoQ 1.313×10-6 mol L-1. While the LoD instrument 1.217×10-6 mol L-1 and LoQ 1.560×10-6 mol L-1. In addition, this method is very selective with the selectivity coefficient of -3.7 and it has uncertainty of measurement 9.7×10-7 ± 1.282×10-6 to 9.12×10-5 ± 3.5×10-5. Potentiometric method of cell type of concentration has an optimum condition at pH5 and temperature 30˚C.The conditions of copper in leachate water renged from 9.253×10-5 to 8.696×10-4 mol L-1

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Boeyckens, Ann, Jan Schots, Hugo Vandenplas, Freedy Senesael, Wim Goedhuys, and Frans K. Gorus. "Ektachem Slides for Direct Potentiometric Determination of Sodium in Plasma: Effect of Natremia, Blood pH, and Type of Electrolyte Reference Fluid on Concordance with Flame Photometry and Other Potentiometric Methods." Clinical Chemistry 38, no. 1 (1992): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/38.1.114.

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Abstract With electrolyte reference fluid (ERF)00, results from Kodak Ektachem slides for the direct potentiometric assay of sodium in plasma were significantly correlated with results from flame photometry, but also appeared to be systematically higher, especially in hypernatremic patients. Indirect potentiometry with the Technicon RA-1000 yielded intermediate values. In 23 hypernatremic patients with greater than or equal to 6 mmol/L difference in sodium between Ektachem ERF00 and flame photometry, a clinical survey disclosed the frequent association of large between-method differences with renal failure, diabetes mellitus, and gastrointestinal disease. However, there was no correlation between differences in sodium on the one hand and anion gaps or (lipo)protein concentrations on the other, nor did in vitro addition studies implicate metabolites that often accumulate in the above-mentioned disorders. Unlike indirect methods, sodium measurements by direct potentiometry on Ektachem and Corning were influenced by in vitro changes of pH between 7.0 and 7.9. However, in a group of patients that included many acidotic individuals, between-method differences in sodium appeared not significantly correlated with in vivo blood pH. Use of the equitransferant ERF04 on Ektachem strongly diminishes the systematic differences with flame photometry, reduces the pH-dependency of the results to that of the direct Corning method, and brings the mean analytical recovery of sodium to below 95% (instead of 115% previously) without affecting the ability of Ektachem slides to avoid spuriously low results in the presence of increased (monoclonal) protein concentrations.

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Schots, J., H. De Raeve, A. Boeyckens, V. Umbrain, F. Verbeek, and F. K. Gorus. "Method-Dependent Differences in Apparent Sodium Concentrations in Plasma after Exchange Transfusions with Citrated Blood." Clinical Chemistry 38, no. 4 (1992): 558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/38.4.558.

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Abstract Shortly after exchange transfusions (n = 7) with citrate-dextrose-phosphate (CDP)-treated blood, but not after regular transfusions (n = 9), sodium concentrations in plasma were significantly and paradoxically lower (3-10 mmol/L) by Ektachem 700 XR determination [with use of electrolyte reference fluid (ERF) generation 00] than by flame photometry. Similar between-method differences could also be generated by in vitro supplementation of plasma pools with CDP solution, with trisodium citrate, or to a lesser extent with Na2HPO4. For four potentiometric methods the analytical recovery of sodium added as CDP was significantly lower than by flame photometry. Within each potentiometric method the recovery was also less than the value for sodium added as NaCl. A significant association of sodium ions with citrate3- ions and, to a lesser extent, HPO4(2-) ions could theoretically account for at least part of the observations, conferring greater medical relevance to potentiometric measurements in this particular clinical situation.

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Ohura, Hiroki, and Toshihiko Imato. "Rapid and Automated Analytical Methods for Redox Species Based on Potentiometric Flow Injection Analysis Using Potential Buffers." Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry 2011 (2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/516165.

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Two analytical methods, which prove the utility of a potentiometric flow injection technique for determining various redox species, based on the use of some redox potential buffers, are reviewed. The first is a potentiometric flow injection method in which a redox couple such as Fe(III)-Fe(II), Fe-Fe(CN), and bromide-bromine and a redox electrode or a combined platinum-bromide ion selective electrode are used. The analytical principle and advantages of the method are discussed, and several examples of its application are reported. Another example is a highly sensitive potentiometric flow injection method, in which a large transient potential change due to bromine or chlorine as an intermediate, generated during the reaction of the oxidative species with an Fe(III)-Fe(II) potential buffer containing bromide or chloride, is utilized. The analytical principle and details of the proposed method are described, and examples of several applications are described. The determination of trace amounts of hydrazine, based on the detection of a transient change in potential caused by the reaction with a Ce(IV)-Ce(III) potential buffer, is also described.

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Saber, Amr L., Mohmed A. Elmosallamy, Hamada M. Killa, and Mohmed M. Ghoneim. "Selective potentiometric method for determination of flucloxacillin antibiotic." Journal of Taibah University for Science 7, no. 4 (2013): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2013.06.002.

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Fayyad, M., M. Tutunji, R. S. Ramakrishna, and Z. Taha. "Dissolved Oxygen: Method Comparison with Potentiometric Stripping Analysis." Analytical Letters 20, no. 4 (1987): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032718708067986.

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Rachidi, M., K. Digua, P. Hubert, My A. Faouzi, Y. Cherrah, and A. Bouklouze. "Analytical Validation of Potentiometric Method for Cetirizinium Ion." Analytical Letters 39, no. 8 (2006): 1699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032710600713925.

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Brainina, Khiena, Natalia Stozhko, Maria Bukharinova, Ekaterina Khamzina, and Marina Vidrevich. "Potentiometric method of plant microsuspensions antioxidant activity determination." Food Chemistry 278 (April 2019): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.098.

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Cristiano, B. F. G., J. U. Delgado, J. W. S. da Silva, P. D. de Barros, R. M. S. de Araújo, and R. T. Lopes. "Semi-automated potentiometric titration method for uranium characterization." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 70, no. 7 (2012): 1373–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.11.025.

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Bila, T. A., E. V. Lyashenko, and O. V. Okhrimenko. "POTENTIOMETRIC METHOD OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS PH DETERMINATION." Water bioresources and aquaculture, no. 1 (2021): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32851/wba.2021.1.17.

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Ünlüer, Özlem Biçen, Nazire Altunkök, Ebru Birlik Özkütük, and Arzu Ersöz. "Graphenoxide Cross-Linker Based Potentiometric Biosensor Design for Sarcosine Determination." Protein & Peptide Letters 28, no. 11 (2021): 1303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866528666211008160111.

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Background: Sarcosine, also known as N-methyl glycine, is a natural amino acid that is an intermediate and by product in glycine synthesis and degradation. Recently found in many peptides, sarcosine has been researched as a newly accepted prostate cancer marker. The increased concentration of sarcosine in blood serum and the urine showed that malignancy of measured prostate cancer cells is active. Objective: In this article, we aimed to design a potentiometric biosensor for detection of sarcosine with a low detection limit, high selectivity, short response time, wide linear range, and satisfactory long-term stability. Methods: In this article, we developed a new Graphene oxide (GFOX) photosensitive cross-linker based potentiometric biosensor based on the AmiNoAcid (monomer) Decorated and Light Underpinning Conjugation Approach (ANADOLUCA) method. The functional groups determined using Raman, FT-IR, XPS analyzes, and surface characterization, the morphology of synthesized GFOX photosensitive cross-linker were determined by TEM and AFM studies. Then, the performance of the GFOX based potentiometric biosensor has been evaluated. Results: When the usage of the developed GFOX doped potentiometric biosensor against sarcosine determination, it was found that 10-4 mM sarcosine was determined in 60 seconds in the solution. In addition, the detection limit of the GFOX doped potentiometric biosensor was found to be 9.45x10-7 mM, and the linear potentiometric biosensor was found to be in the concentration range of 10-1 to 10-5 mM. The selectivity studies of the developed potentiometric biosensor were investigated using glycine solutions, and it was determined that GFOX doped potentiometric biosensor was more selective against sarcosine. Besides this, a reusability test using 10-3 mM sarcosine solution showed that reproducible studies were performed without the loss of potential of designed potentiometric biosensor and no loss of sensitivity. Conclusion: After applying the framework, we get a new potentiometric biosensor for sarcosine determination. GFOX photosensitive cross-linker was used in designing potentiometric biosensors, and this increased the stability and efficiency of the biosensor. Therefore, the developed potentiometric biosensor for sarcosine determination could be easily used for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.

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Li, Sheng-Kai, Jung-Chuan Chou, Tai-Ping Sun, and Shen-Kan Hsiung. "STUDY ON THE POTENTIOMETRIC GLUCOSE BIOSENSOR BASED ON THE SnO2/ITO/PET." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 21, no. 06 (2009): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237209001532.

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A potentiometric glucose biosensor based on a SnO2/ITO/PET substrate is presented in this study. The sensing membrane of SnO2 is coated on ITO/PET substrate by utilized radio frequency (RF)-sputtering method of semiconductor fabrication. The potentiometric glucose biosensor is established on an FET-type pH sensor. Therein, the glucose oxidase (GOD) and chitosan/multi-wall carbon nano-tubes (chitosan/MWCNTs) are immobilized by 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (3-GPTS). Finally, the drift characteristic and calibration curve of the potentiometric pH sensor and potentiometric glucose biosensor is discussed in the following article. We find the nonideal effect of device reduced significantly, due to the coating of SnO2 thin film.

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Sun, Ziqi, Yufeng Zhang, Xinyue Xu, Minglin Wang, and Lijuan Kou. "Determination of the Total Phenolic Content in Wine Samples Using Potentiometric Method Based on Permanganate Ion as an Indicator." Molecules 24, no. 18 (2019): 3279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183279.

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A rapid and accurate determination method for total phenolic content is of great importance for controlling the quality of wine samples. A promising potentiometric detection approach, based on permanganate ion fluxes across ion-selective electrode membranes, is fabricated for measuring the total phenolic content of wine. The results show that the presence of phenols, such as gallic acid, leads to a potential increase for the potentiometric sensor. Additionally, the present sensor exhibits a linear potential response with the concentration range from 0.05 to 3.0 g/L with a detection limit of 6.6 mg/L calculated using gallic acid. These sensors also exhibit a fast response time, an acceptable reproducibility and long-term stability. These results indicate that the proposed potentiometric sensor can be a promising and reliable tool for the rapid determination of total phenolic content in wine samples.

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Moustafa, Azza A., Maha A. Hegazy, Dalia Mohamed, and Omnia Ali. "Functionalized Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticle Potentiometric Detection Strategy versus Classical Potentiometric Strategy for Determination of Chlorpheniramine Maleate and Pseudoephedrine HCl." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2019 (February 25, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6947042.

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Nanosized adsorbents when used in potentiometric methods of analysis usually show better performance rather than the traditional potentiometric approach; this is attributed to the high specific surface area of the nanomaterial used in addition to the lack of internal diffusion resistance, thus improving their adsorption capacity. In the presented work, a rapid and sensitive potentiometric determination of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (PSE) in pure form, in pharmaceutical preparation, and in biological fluid was developed based on functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4). This strategy was compared with the classical potentiometric strategy. Three types of sensors were constructed using phosphotungstic acid (PTA), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and β-cyclodextrin-conjugated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles for the potentiometric determination of each of CPM and PSE. The prepared sensors were characterized in regards to their composition, life duration, working pH range, and response time. The sensors have demonstrated promising selectivity to CPM and PSE in the presence of pharmaceutical formulation excipients, plasma matrix, and a diversity of both organic and inorganic interfering materials. The developed sensors have displayed good responses. Statistical comparison of the achieved results with a reported method has revealed no significant difference regarding both accuracy and precision.

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Hindayani, Ayu, Oman Zuas, Sujarwo Sujarwo, Fransiska S. H. Krismastuti, and Nuryatini Nuryatini. "Preparation of Secondary pH of Phthalate Buffer Solution Using Differential Potentiometric Cell: Method Validation and Application." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 13, no. 3 (2019): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht13.03.377.

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Lee, Hsiang Ching, Li Fan Zhang, Cheng Hsun Lu, Jyh Ling Lin, Yuan Lung Chin, and Tai Ping Sun. "Development of Anodic Titanium Oxide Nanotubes Applied to a pH Sensor with Amperometric and Potentioimetric Methods." Advanced Materials Research 528 (June 2012): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.528.10.

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The purpose of this study was to develop the anodized titanium oxide nanotubes (ATONs) as a pH electrode with amperometric and potentiometric method. Titanium oxide nanotubes film was produced on pure titanium piece by titanium anodization at room temperature. The best one ATONs electrode has a linear pH response approximately 53 mV/pH with potentiometric method and 13 A/pH with amperometric method in the concentration range between pH 2 and 12.

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BJORNSDOTTIR, KRISTIN, GREGORY E. BOLTON, PATRICIA D. McCLELLAN-GREEN, LEE-ANN JAYKUS, and DAVID P. GREEN. "Detection of Gram-Negative Histamine-Producing Bacteria in Fish: A Comparative Study." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 9 (2009): 1987–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.9.1987.

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Poisoning due to ingestion of foods with elevated levels of biogenic amines (histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine) is well documented. Histamine fish poisoning largely is due to growth of naturally occurring bacteria associated with scombroid fish species. A rapid and reliable method is needed to screen for the presence of histamine-forming bacteria in fish. This study included a comparison of three methods for the detection of histamine-producing bacteria. A total of 152 histamine-producing and non–histamine-producing bacteria from multiple sources were screened using a modified Niven's agar method, a potentiometric method, and a PCR-based assay targeting a 709-bp fragment of the histidine decarboxylase gene. Histamine production by bacterial isolates was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Bacterial strains were categorized as producing high amounts of histamine, low amounts of histamine, or no histamine. Of the 152 strains tested, 128 (84%) were positive with the Niven's agar method, 73 (48%) were positive with the potentiometric technique, and 74 (49%) were positive with the PCR assay. Overall, a 38% false-positive rate was observed with the modified Niven's agar method, although this method detected both low-histamine and high-histamine strains. There was a high degree of concordance (&gt;99%) between results of the potentiometric and PCR methods, but neither of these methods detected low-histamine bacteria. These observations support the need for a simple and straightforward yet sensitive method for detecting histamine-producing bacteria in seafood and environmental samples.

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Kamel, Ayman H., Abd El-Galil E. Amr, Nashwa H. Ashmawy, et al. "Validation of a Novel Potentiometric Method Based on a Polymeric PVC Membrane Sensor Integrated with Tailored Receptors for the Antileukemia Drug Cytarabine." Polymers 12, no. 6 (2020): 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061343.

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A simple, rapid and easy method is proposed for the detection of a cytostatic therapeutic drug, cytarabine, in real samples. The method is based on potentiometric transduction using prepared and characterized new ion-selective electrodes for cytarabine. The electrodes were integrated with novel man-tailored imprinted polymers and used as a sensory element for recognition. The electrodes revealed a remarkable potentiometric response for cytarabine over the linearity range 1.0 × 10−6–1.0 × 10−3 M at pH 2.8–4 with a detection limit of 5.5 × 10−7 M. The potentiometric response was near-Nernstian, with average slopes of 52.3 ± 1.2 mV/decade. The effect of lipophilic salts and plasticizer types on the potentiometric response was also examined. The electrodes exhibited an enhanced selectivity towards cytarabine over various foreign common ions. Validation and verification of the presented assay method are demonstrated by evaluating the method ruggedness and calculating the detection limit, range of linearity, accuracy (trueness), precision, repeatability (within-day) and reproducibility (between-days). The proposed ion-selective electrodes revealed good performance characteristics and possible application of these electrodes for cytarabine monitoring in different matrices. The electrodes are successfully applied to cytarabine determination in spiked biological fluid samples and in pharmaceutical formulations.

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Mironyak, Maria, Olena Volnyanska, Oksana Labyak, Vadym Kovalenko, and Valerii Kotok. "DEVELOPMENT OF A POTENTIOMETRIC SENSOR SENSITIVE TO POLYSORBATE 20." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 4 (July 31, 2019): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2019.00942.

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Polyoxyethylated sorbitans (polysorbates) are widely used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, but only quantitative determination is used mainly for chromatographic methods. In this paper, the results of the development and testing of a potentiometric sensor sensitive to nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate-20) are presented. An anion of the heterogeneous acid of the Keggin structure (12-molybdophosphate heteropolyacid) was used as a counterion to obtain the electrode-active substance for the potentiometric sensor membrane. Polysorbate-20 does not form cations when dissociating in water and cannot directly interact with heteropolyanion; therefore, a cationic complex of polysorbate-20 with barium ions was previously prepared (similar to the interaction of metals with crown ethers). The resulting ion associate meets the basic requirement for the electrode-active substance of plasticized film polyvinyl chloride membranes of potentiometric sensors (poor water solubility and good solubility in organic solvents). Phthalic acid derivatives (dibutyl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate) were used as solvent-plasticizers for a polyvinyl chloride membrane. To determine the optimum conditions for the functioning of a potentiometric sensor sensitive to polysorbate-20, the influence of various factors on the electrode characteristics was studied. Quantitative content of the ionic associate in the polyvinyl chloride membrane, the nature of the membrane solvent-plasticizer, pH of a series of standard polysorbate-20 solutions) on the electrode characteristics of the plasticized membrane of the potentiometric sensor (sensitivity or slope of the electrode function, lower limit of linearity and minimum detectable concentration of polysorbate-20, which can be determined with the help of the developed potentiometric sensor) was studied. The optimal conditions for using the developed potentiometric sensor were found. The developed sensor allows for a short period of time (5–10 min) determining the quantitative content of polysorbate-20 in industrial products at the level 10–5–10‑6 mol/l. The potentiometric sensor sensitive to polysorbate-20 can be used for the development of a potentiometric method for determining the clinical reception of polysorbate-20 in various types of industrial products.

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Takahashi, Akio, Takayuki Natsume, Nobuyoshi Koshino, Shigenobu Funahashi, Yasuhiro Inada, and Hideo D. Takagi. "Speciation of trimethyltin(IV): hydrolysis, complexation equilibria, and structures of trimethyltin(IV) ion in aqueous solution." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, no. 8 (1997): 1084–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-128.

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The hydrolysis constants of trimethyl- and triethyltin(IV) ions and the stability constants for the complexation of trimethyltin(IV) with trimethylamine, N-substituted glycines (N,N-dimethylglycine and N,N,N-trimethylglycine), and aminopolycarboxylate ions (N-methyliminodiacetate, nitrilotriacetate, and ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetate) were determined by the potentiometric method at 25 °C and I = 0.l mol dm−3 ((H, Na)ClO4 and (H, Na)NO3). The structural parameters of Me3Sn(OH2)2, Et3Sn(OH2)2, and Me3Sn(OH2)(OH) in solution were determined by the EXAFS method. The coordination structures of trimethyltin(IV) complexes with N-substituted glycines, trimethylamine, and aminopolycarboxylate ions are discussed on the basis of the electronic interaction between the donor atom and Sn(IV). Keywords: organotin(IV), EXAFS, structure, potentiometry.

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Ramamurthy, Narayanan, Narayan Baliga, Joyce A. Wahr, Ulrich Schaller, Victor C. Yang, and Mark E. Meyerhoff. "Improved protamine-sensitive membrane electrode for monitoring heparin concentrations in whole blood via protamine titration§." Clinical Chemistry 44, no. 3 (1998): 606–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/44.3.606.

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Abstract An improved protamine-sensitive electrode based on a polymeric membrane doped with the charged ion exchanger dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate (DNNS) is used for monitoring heparin concentrations in whole blood. The electrode exhibits significant nonequilibrium potentiometric response to polycationic protamine over the concentration range of 0.5–20 mg/L in undiluted whole-blood samples. The sensor can serve as a simple end point detector for the determination of heparin via potentiometric titrations with protamine. Whole-blood heparin concentrations determined by the electrode method (n ≥157) correlate well with other protamine titration-based methods, including the commercial Hepcon HMS assay (r = 0.934) and a previously reported potentiometric heparin sensor-based method (r = 0.973). Reasonable correlation was also found with a commercial chromogenic anti-Xa heparin assay (r = 0.891) with corresponding plasma samples and appropriate correction for whole-blood hematocrit levels. Whereas a significant positive bias (0.62 kU/L; P &lt;0.001) is observed between the anti-Xa assay and the protamine sensor methods, insignificant bias is observed between the protamine sensor and the Hepcon HMS tests (0.08 kU/L; P = 0.02). The possibility of fully automating these titrations offers a potentially simple, inexpensive, and accurate method for monitoring heparin concentrations in whole blood.

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Nawang Sari, Rani, Poedji Loekitowati Hariani, and Suheryanto Suheryanto. "Development of the Potentiometric Method for Measurement of Cu." Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry 4, no. 3 (2019): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24845/ijfac.v4.i3.122.

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Xing-yuan TONG, 佟星元, 闫晓光 Xiao-guang YAN, and 陈东 Dong CHEN. "Orthogonal Phase Detection Method of Light-addressable Potentiometric Sensor." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 49, no. 4 (2020): 423002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20204904.0423002.

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HARA, Setsuko, Yoko KURODA, Shinsuke NAKAGAWA, and Yoichiro TOTANI. "Modified Potentiometric Method with Isooctane for Peroxide Value Determination." Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 43, no. 1 (1994): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.43.18.

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Liu, Hong, and Richard M. Crooks. "Determination of Percent Hemoglobin A1c Using a Potentiometric Method." Analytical Chemistry 85, no. 3 (2012): 1834–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac3032228.

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Katsu, Takashi, and Koji Yamanaka. "Potentiometric method for the determination of adenosine-5′-triphosphate." Analytica Chimica Acta 276, no. 2 (1993): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(93)80407-c.

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Ivanova, A. V., E. L. Gerasimova, and E. R. Gazizullina. "New antiradical capacity assay with the use potentiometric method." Analytica Chimica Acta 1046 (January 2019): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.025.

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Gaikwad, P. D., D. J. Shirale, V. K. Gade, et al. "Synthesis of H2SO4 doped polyaniline film by potentiometric method." Bulletin of Materials Science 29, no. 2 (2006): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02704611.

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Koleva, Boryana, Lyudmila Dimitrova, Daniela Stoica, and Paola Fisicaro. "Application of secondary pH measurement method for homogeneity and stability assessment of reference materials." Accreditation and Quality Assurance 26, no. 2 (2021): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00769-021-01464-w.

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AbstractIn this work, the development and optimization of a secondary method for pH measurement using a differential potentiometric cell are described. The method was optimized and validated by measurement of three certified primary buffer solutions (CRMs) with nominal pH values of 4.005, 6.865 and 9.180 at 25 °C. The method was applied to assess homogeneity and stability of phosphate buffer solution with nominal pH of 7.000 at 25 °C which will be used as test item in proficiency testing schemes for pH measurement of testing laboratories. The experiments carried out and described in this article proved that this particular design of secondary differential potentiometric cell requires small volume of solutions, is fast, accurate and precise and is suitable for the characterization of secondary buffer solutions and assessment of homogeneity and stability of buffer solutions.

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Nakov, Natalija, Katerina Brezovska, Vasil Karchev, Jelena Acevska, and Aneta Dimitrovska. "Chromatographic and Surfactant Based Potentiometric Determination of Aqueous Dissociation Constant of Mupirocin." Current Analytical Chemistry 16, no. 2 (2020): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180704125016.

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Background: The available data concerning aqueous dissociation constant of mupirocin (sparingly soluble drug) are scarce. In this study, chromatographic, surfactant based potentiometric concept and spectrophotometric method were used for determination of the aqueous pKa value of mupirocin. Methods: Different approaches were used for estimation of the aqueous pKa value from the apparent pKa values obtained at four ACN concentrations, ranging from 22% to 30%. The potentiometric determination of the pKa value of mupirocin was performed using different concentration of Tween 80 as a surfactant. Results: The aqueous pKa value of mupirocin, determined for the first time by reverse-phase liquid chromatography method, was found to be 4.76. The obtained value was confirmed by potentiometric method (4.85). It was found that Tween 80 increases the pKa values. The linear relationship between the apparent pKa values and the surfactant concentrations was used as an approach for estimation of the aqueous pKa value. Both methods gave similar values for aqueous pKa which correspond with the theoretically obtained pKa value (4.88) using Pallas computer program. It was found that mupirocin gives pH-indipendent spectra, thus spectrophotometric method is not applicable for determination of pKa of this compound. Conclusion: This comprehensive approach used for the pKa determination enable us to obtained reliable results for the aqueous pKa value of mupirocin. The linear relationship between the pKa values and the nonionic surfactant concentrations could be used as a reliable and simple approach for determination of aqueous pKa value of sparingly soluble drugs.

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Kravić, Nadan, Julia Savosina, Marina Agafonova-Moroz, Vasily Babain, Andrey Legin, and Dmitry Kirsanov. "Nonlinear Multivariate Regression Algorithms for Improving Precision of Multisensor Potentiometry in Analysis of Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Solutions." Chemosensors 10, no. 3 (2022): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10030090.

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Potentiometric multisensor systems were shown to be very promising tools for the quantification of numerous analytes in complex radioactive samples deriving from spent nuclear fuel reprocessing. Traditional multivariate calibration for these multisensor systems is performed with partial least squares regression—an intrinsically linear regression method that can provide suboptimal results when handling potentiometric signals from very complex multi-component samples. In this work, a thorough investigation was performed on the performance of a multisensor system in combination with non-linear multivariate regression models for the quantification of analytes in the PUREX (Plutonium–URanium EXtraction) process. The multisensor system was composed of 17 cross-sensitive potentiometric sensors with plasticized polymeric membranes containing different lipophilic ligands capable of heavy metals, lanthanides, and actinides binding. Regression algorithms such as support vector machines (SVM), random forest (RF), and kernel-regularized least squares (KRLS) were tested and compared to the traditional partial least squares (PLS) method in the simultaneous quantification of the following elements in aqueous phase samples of the PUREX process: U, La, Ce, Sm, Zr, Mo, Zn, Ru, Fe, Ca, Am, and Cm. It was shown that non-linear methods outperformed PLS for most of the analytes.

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Pusz, Janusz, Wojciech Zapała, and Bogdan Papciak. "Investigations of selected properties of pharmacologically active compounds by chromatographic and potentiometric methods on the chrysin example." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 10, no. 1 (2008): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-008-0010-x.

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Investigations of selected properties of pharmacologically active compounds by chromatographic and potentiometric methods on the chrysin example The RP-TLC method was used to determine the dissociation constant of chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) in methanol-aqueous (1:1 v/v) solutions. In this method the pK value was quantified on the basis of retention data and a retention model. The accuracy of determining the model parameters was analysed using the following statistical criteria: the sum of the squared differences between the experimental and theoretical data, approximation of standard deviation, and the Fisher test. Besides, in this work the potentiometric method was used. Investigations were carried out at ionic strength I=0.1 at T= 298 K. The dissociation constant were determined using the Rossotti method as well as the numerical method based on the procedures of non-linear curve fitting using Microsoft Excel Solver and the user-defined function. It has been found that the differences in the evaluated pK values were relatively small and did not exceed 1.2%.

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Li, Ying, Jian Wen Ni, Zhi Jia Han, and Zai Yuan Li. "Theory and Verify of Mensurate Cl^- Ion by Flow Injection-Cathodic Potentiometric Stripping Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 1192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.1192.

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In this paper, the theoretical equation of flow injection-cathodic potentiometric stripping analysis for Cl-ion determination was derived from theoretical analysis, and the experimental equation was summarized using multiple linear regression method. The result shows that the theoretical equation of flow injection-cathodic potentiometric stripping analysis for Cl-ion is: (dt/dE)max=K Apr-1/2D2/3-1/6Vf1/2teCx-/is;that the experimental equation of multiple linear regression method is: (dt/dE)max Cl-1.86×1010Vf0.568teCCl-/is. The two results are similar on Vf-average flow rate, te-concentrate time, CCl--Cl-ion concentration and isconstant current.

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Hulanicki, Adam, Ryszard Lewandowski, Agata Michalska, and Andrzej Lewenstam. "Potentiometric method for the determination of calcium in blood serum." Analytica Chimica Acta 233 (1990): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)83487-x.

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